139. — Il se faut entr'aider. 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Vieille et pauvre\n maison." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch139"> <pb n="492" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_492.jpg"/> <head>139. — Il se faut entr'aider. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>Bientôt commença la procession des affamés, des mal vêtus, le long des portes où l'on pouvait frapper. La neige tombait toujours, gelant les gens et la terre. Heureux les toits dont les cheminées fumaient encore !</p> <pb n="493" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_493.jpg"/> <fw type="header">IL SE FAUT ENTR'AIDER. 493 </fw> <p>La lampe était allumée ; <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> et <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> se chauffaient les pieds sur la pierre du poêle. <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> faisait ses comptes. Plume en main, attentive, elle semblait fureter le long des colonnes de chiffres pour y trouver quelque chose de précieux qui s'y serait caché. Puis, ayant fermé le livre, et après un moment de silence.</p> <p>— Voilà ! dit-elle, je ne trouve que ceci : d'abord nous priver d'habits neufs, cette année, en prolongeant les vieux par des reprises et des pièces. Cela ne coûtera qu'un peu de fil et de sommeil ; nous pourrons ainsi distribuer cinq kilos de pain par semaine.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> secoua la tête. Il trouvait sa sœur déjà assez occupée et s'attristait de ce surcroît de besogne.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> reprit :</p> <p>— Autre chose encore : nos abeilles qui, jusqu'ici, ont travaillé à mettre du linge dans cette armoire, butineront cette année pour faire cinq kilos de pain à ajouter aux cinq autres. Plaise au printemps d'être doux et fleuri ; elles nous rendront bien ce que nous allons donner à l'avance ! Donc, dix kilos de pain par semaine.</p> <p>On approuva. Elle hocha la tête : </p> <p>— Mais cela ne suffit pas ; l'aumône ne tire pas les gens d'affaire. Il faut encore, comme le dit <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName>.....</p> <p>La porte venait de s'ouvrir brusquement. Un homme hâve*<note type="annotation">Hâve. Pâle et maîgre.</note>, farouche, était là, immobile au milieu de la pièce, les deux mains appuyées, avec une visible ostentation, sur un gros gourdin.</p> <p>— Du pain ! dit-il d'une voix brève. Il m'en faut !</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> s'était levé : </p> <p>— Tu auras du pain, <persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName>, répondit-il ; mais pourquoi, toi, un jeune homme, t'appuies-tu ainsi comme un vieillard sur ce bâton ? </p> <p>Les yeux d'<persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName> regardèrent un moment avec fixité le fermier, qui le regardait aussi. Puis, lentement, sans un mot, il alla rouvrir la porte, jeta le bâton dans la rue et revint :</p> <p>— J'ai dans la cassine*<note type="annotation">Cassine. Vieille et pauvre maison.</note>, dit-il, quatre petits qui pleurent la faim. Et pas même une loque de linge pour <fw type="footer">SUZETTE (Maîtresse). 28</fw> <pb n="494" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_494.jpg"/> <fw type="header">494 SUZETTE.</fw> habiller le cinquième, une petite fille, qui vient de naître. A quatre portes on m'a repoussé, sous prétexte que je suis un homme de cabaret... Alors j'ai pris ce bâton. On ne peut pas laisser mourir ainsi ses enfants, sa femme !... </p> <p>— Oui, <persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName>, tu es malheureusement un homme de cabaret ; mais, tu devrais le savoir, moi et les miens nous avons toujours fait profession de croire que les torts du père ne doivent pas être la condamnation des enfants ! Assieds-toi ; ma fille va revenir.</p> <p>En effet, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, qui venait de sortir, rentra presque aussitôt. Elle tenait un pot à fleurs bleues, un pain et un paquet.</p> <p>— Tenez, dit-elle, voilà du pain et du lait, de quoi faire une soupe. Et voici du linge doux et un petit châle pour envelopper l'enfant. Il y aura autre chose. J'irai voir votre femme.</p> <p>Il prit ce qu'on lui tendait, essaya de remercier, ne le put, et s'en alla.</p> <p>Puis <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> servit le souper, une maigre fricassée de pommes de terre. Ah ! ce n'était plus le temps de la bonne cuisine ! On se mit à table en silence, mais c'est du bout des dents qu'on mangeait. A la troisième bouchée, <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> repoussa son assiette :</p> <p>— Non, dit-il, je ne peux pas ; les morceaux m'étranglent... Trop de misère en ce monde ! Ce sont nos frères, ces malheureux ! En vérité, cette terre est-elle si avare, si impuissante à nourrir tous ses fils ? ou bien l'humanité, faute de science et de justice, ne sait-elle pas se conduire ?</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire</head> <list> <item> — Quelle triste procession commença ?</item> <item>— Que faisait <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ?</item> <item>— Pourquoi revoyait-elle son livre de comptes ?</item> <item>— Quelles économies trouva-t-elle d'abord à proposer ?</item> <item>— Que pensez-vous de <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ?</item> <item>— A quoi destinait-elle le produit des ruches, et comment en parla-t-elle à son père ?</item> <item>— Qu'ajouta-t-elle ?</item> <item>— Qui entra brusquement ?</item> <item>— Que demanda l'homme et que répondit le fermier ?</item> <item>— Que fit <persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName> et que dit-il ensuite ?</item> <item>— Pourquoi <persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName> était-il si misérable ?</item> <item>— Qu'aurait-il dû faire ?</item> <item>Que lui répondit <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> ?</item> <item>— Que lui apporta <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ?</item> <item>— Quelles bonnes paroles ajouta-t-elle ?</item> <item>— Quel fut le souper de la ferme ?</item> <item>— Pour quoi en était-il ainsi ?</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui empéchait le bon fermier de manger ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="morale"> <head type="sujets">Morale.</head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item> — Qu'entend-on par pauvres, en général ?</item> <item>— par vrais <pb n="495" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_495.jpg"/> <fw type="header">II SE FAUT ENTR'AIDER. 495</fw> pauvres, mauvais pauvres, pauvres honteux ?</item> <item>— Quels sont nos devoirs à l'égard des pauvres ?</item> <item>— Manière de donner et de secourir pour que l'aumône n'humilie pas et ne soit pas un encouragement à la paresse.</item> <item>— Comment un pauvre doit-il solliciter l'aumône ?</item> <item>— Montrez que chacun peut faire l'aumône.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>On entend par pauvres ceux qui manquent du nécessaire ou qui ne se le procurent qu'à grand'peine.</p> <p>Les vrais pauvres sont les gens qu'une incapacité réelle de travailler, le chômage ou un excès de charges mettent dans l'impossibilité de gagner ce qui est indispensable à leurs besoins et à ceux de leur famille. Ce sont d'honnêtes gens que le malheur frappe et qui ont droit à toute notre pitié.</p> <p>Les mauvais pauvres sont des paresseux, des débauchés, des ivrognes ennemis du travail, qui sont réduits à solliciter l'aumône et qui ne rougissent pas d'en faire un métier.</p> <p>Les pauvres honteux n'osent pas demander les secours que leur position réclame ; ils préfèrent souffrir. Nulle infortune n'est plus touchante que la leur : c'est une obligation de la découvrir et de la soulager.</p> <p>L'aumône est le premier devoir qu'impose la charité ou amour du prochain ; lorsqu'un homme s'offre à nous avec la recommandation du malheur, ne demandons rien de plus ; aidons-le, secourons-le. La plus belle aumône à faire aux gens de cœur à qui le travail manque, c'est de leur en procurer ; quant aux autres, donnons avec mesure ce qui convient et en proportion de nos ressources ; donnons de préférence aux vieillards impotents, aux malades, aux infirmes incapables de se livrer à un métier quelconque ; mais gardons une certaine réserve et montrons du discernement. S'il en était autrement, on courrait le risque d'augmenter le nombre de ces incurables vagabonds de tout âge à qui l'aumône fournit les moyens de satisfaire les honteuses passions de l'ivrognerie et de la fainéantise.</p> <p>Dans les villes, il est sage de remettre son offrande aux bureaux de bienfaisance, dont la mission est de répartir les secours selon ce qu'exigent les circonstances. Donner à ces mendiants valides et importuns qui pullulent dans certains quartiers, est une mauvaise action ou plutôt une générosité imprudente.</p> <p>Un pauvre doit solliciter l'aumône poliment et remercier, quelle que soit l'offrande.</p> <p>Chacun peut faire l'aumône, et la plus profitable est souvent un conseil, une indication grâce à laquelle on trouve du travail ; les enfants mêmes doivent se montrer charitables et ne point hésiter à se priver du superflu pour soulager d'honorables et pressantes misères. Ils donneront de bonne grâce, avec un mot aimable, encourageant ; on l'a dit avec raison : « La manière de donner vaut mieux que ce qu'on donne. ».</p> </div> </div> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head type="sujets">Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item> — Que sont les nuages ?</item> <item>— Que s'y formet-il selon les saisons ?</item> <item>— Expliquer ce qu'est : la pluie, la neige, le grésil, la grêle.</item> <item>— Que marque le baromêtre ?</item> <item>— Sur quoi peut-il donner des indications ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Une partie de l'eau des mers, des rivières, des lacs et de celle que contient le sol, se réduit en vapeur.</p> <p>Quand cette vapeur, dont l'air est imprégné, se refroidit, elle prend une teinte grise qui indique qu'elle se condense, c'est-à-dire revient à l'état liquide sous forme de bulles infiniment petites.</p> <p>Les brouillards sont des masses de vapeur d'eau qui, volatilisées dans l'atmosphère, en occupent les basses régions.</p> <pb n="496" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_496.jpg"/> <fw type="header">496 SUZETTE.</fw> <p>Les nuages ne sont autre chose que des amas de vapeurs transformées en petites gouttelettes, et qui se maintiennent dans les hautes régions de l'atmosphère. Selon les saisons, il s'y forme de la pluie, de la neige, du grésil, de la grêle.</p> <p>La pluie est la chute, à l'état de gouttelettes, de l'eau provenant de la condensation des vapeurs nuageuses.</p> <p>La neige est de la vapeur condensée que le froid a solidifiée en petits cristaux étoilés, d'une blancheur très pure, et qui flottent dans l'atmosphère avant de tomber sur le sol.</p> <p>La pluie qui tombe sur la terre glacée forme du verglas.</p> <p>Le grésil est la chute de petits grains de vapeurs condensées et gelées ; elle a lieu surtout aux mois de mars et d'avril. La grèle est une chute de morceaux de glace, plus ou moins arrondis et volumineux, qui a lieu durant la saison d'été et aux heures les plus chaudes de la journée ; elle accompagne ordinairement les orages.</p> <p>Le baromètre est un instrument qui sert à mesurer la pression de l'air, à la surface du sol principalement. Il est formé d'un tube rempli de mercure, recourbé et ouvert à l'extrémité de sa plus petite branche. Selon que la pression de l'air est plus ou moins forte, le niveau du mercure descend ou monte dans la plus petite branche et, par conséquent, monte ou descend dans la plus grande, divisée en degrés.</p> <p>On a remarqué que les plus fortes pressions atmosphériques coincidaient avec le beau temps, et les plus basses avec la pluie et les orages. On a tiré de là des indications précieuses relatives aux changements de temps.</p> </div> </div> <div type="économie_domestique"> <head type="sujets">Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item>— Etablir pour un mois, et par doit et avoir le livre de caisse d'un ménage.</item> <item>— Balancer les comptes à la fin de chaque semaine.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <head>LIVRE DE CAISSE</head> <table> <row> <cell/> <cell>Doit.</cell> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>Avoir.</cell> <cell/> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>fr.</cell> <cell>c.</cell> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>fr.</cell> <cell>c.</cell> </row> <row> <cell>Juillet</cell> <cell>1er</cell> <cell>4 k. 500 pain à 9,45.</cell> <cell>2</cell> <cell>02</cell> <cell>Juillet</cell> <cell>1er</cell> <cell>Montant de la semaine</cell> <cell/> <cell/> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell>»</cell> <cell>1 k. 250 veau à 2, 10.</cell> <cell>2</cell> <cell>62</cell> <cell/> <cell>de travail du père..</cell> <cell>30 »</cell> <cell/> <cell/> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell>2</cell> <cell>0 k. 500 sel à 0,30..</cell> <cell>»</cell> <cell>15</cell> <cell/> <cell>»</cell> <cell>Coupon de rente 4 1/2</cell> <cell>15</cell> <cell>25</cell> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell>»</cell> <cell>4 m. 25 toile à 1, 80.</cell> <cell>7</cell> <cell>65</cell> <cell/> <cell>4</cell> <cell>Vente d'une vielle</cell> <cell/> <cell/> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell>»</cell> <cell>1 paire de bottines.</cell> <cell>12</cell> <cell>50</cell> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>table .....</cell> <cell>3</cell> <cell>70</cell> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell>»</cell> <cell>1 l. 250 hulle pètrole</cell> <cell>»</cell> <cell>00</cell> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>....</cell> <cell/> <cell>__</cell> <cell>__</cell> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>——</cell> <cell>——</cell> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>Total de la semaine.</cell> <cell>»</cell> <cell>»</cell> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>Total de la semaine.</cell> <cell>»</cell> <cell>»</cell> </row> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
115. — Apiculture. Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" xmlns:org="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#"> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch115.xml?note_annotation_20240104181644049", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2024-01-04T23:16:44.049Z", "dcterms:modified": "2024-01-04T23:16:44.049Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "1", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "admin" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch115.xml?note_annotation_20240104181644049#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch115.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch115.xml?note_annotation_20240104181644049#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Fanes. 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</head> <div type="récit"> <p> Le rucher était en bon lieu. Adossé au pignon du sud, protégé contre le vent du nord par une palissade de fanes* <note type="annotation">Fanes. Rameaux cueillis et munis encore de leurs feuilles.</note> d'œillettes entremêlées de liens de paille, il pouvait attendre que la haie vive de sureau eût la hauteur et la force voulues pour donner, avec l'abri et la verdure, les fleurs, si chères aux abeilles.</p> <p> Il y avait là maintenant six ruches bourdonnantes. </p> <p> Autour, quelques champs de colza, d'œillettes, de sainfoin, de luzerne s'épanouirent au printemps nouveau. Sur les bords du canal, les acacias, les marronniers, les tilleuls éclatèrent en floraison. Le long des routes, au revers des talus, foisonnèrent les fleurs sauvages : silènes, boutons d'or, liserons, campanules, serpolet. </p> <figure> <caption> Œillette et sureau.</caption> <caption>L'œillette (1) est un pavot dont on extrait une huile comestible appelée huile d'œillette. — Les fleurs de sureau (2) sont employées en infusion pour provoquer la sueur. </caption> </figure> <p> Et voilà votre table servie ! butinez, amies abeilles ! </p> <p> C'était le temps de la miellée, où l'apiculteur se réjouit. <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> guettait les mouvements des six laborieuses républiques. Le va-et-vient, le brouhaha des ouvrières indiquait qu'au dedans le couvain prospérait. Elle épiait le moment où il faudrait mettre à leur service la science apportée de <placeName key="Paris" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q90">Paris</placeName>. </p> <p> Et c'est pourquoi, un dimanche matin, par le plus beau temps, elle se tenait en observation sous un petit ceri-<fw type="header"> APICULTURE. 405 </fw> <pb type="page" n="405" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_405.jpg"/> sier du jardin, tout chargé de ses fruits de corail* <note type="annotation">Corail. Production marine en forme d'arbuste et de couleur rouge.</note>, et surveillait très attentivement la sortie des butineuses. </p> <p> Pendant plusieurs heures, et à mesure que le soleil montait, ce furent des envolées, des départs sans trêve. Puis les sorties se firent plus rares, et, tout au contraire, le va-et-vient des rentrées augmenta. </p> <p> Voilà l'instant ! Elle appela <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName>. Le nez en trompette de M. <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> se montra aussitôt. Mais les abords du rucher étaient absolument interdits à ce nez pour lequel on craignait quelque affaire plus fâcheuse encore que celle du cliquet de l'éteignoir à chandelle. </p> <p> <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName> arriva à l'appel et, tout doucement, avec les plus grandes précautions, la sœur et le grand frère transportèrent la première ruche à cinq mètres de la place qu'elle occupait et la posèrent sur un support, préparé à l'avance. Puis ils attendirent. </p> <figure type="sujets"> <caption>1. — Jeune fille cueillant du tilleul. — 2. Fleur du tilleul. Le bois du tilleul est très employé en ébénisterie. Cueillez et conservez, les fleurs du tilleul ; elles vous serviront à faire des tisanes sudorifiques et à préparer des bains calmants pour les petits enfants. </caption> </figure> <p> Bientôt les butineuses, de retour, gagnèrent leur logis ; celles de la ruche déplacée cherchèrent le leur, restèrent un moment à bourdonner sur place, et finalement, ne le trouvant pas, passèrent dans la ruche la plus proche. </p> <p> Les portières, car il y a là des portières, les laissèrent entrer, les voyant chargées de miel ; sans quoi, les étrangères eussent été reçues à coups d'aiguillon. </p> <p> L'opération délicate du passage d’ouvrières, d'une ruche dans une autre, avait réussi. <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> poussa une exclamation de joie. </p> <fw type="sig"> 23. </fw> <fw type="header"> 406 SUZETTE. </fw> <pb type="page" n="406" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_406.jpg"/> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head> Questionnaire. </head> <list> <item>— Où <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> avait-elle installé son rucher ?</item> <item>— Qu'est ce qui fournissait la nourriture des abeilles : 1° dans le voisinage des ruches ;</item> <item>— 2° aux alentours ?</item> <item>— Que faisait un jour <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> au temps de la miellée ?</item> <item>— Où se tenait-elle un dimanche matin ?</item> <item>— Que vit-on pendant les premières<cb/> heures ?</item> <item>— Qui appela-t-elle à son aide ?</item> <item>— Comment <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName> arriva-t-il ?</item> <item>— Quelle opération firent-ils ensemble ?</item> <item>— Que vit-on bientôt de la part des abeilles ?</item> <item>— Pourquoi les accueillit-on dans les ruches voisines ?</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que cela prouvait ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head> DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES. </head> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head type="sujets"> Sciences naturelles. </head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item>— LE VENT.</item> <item>— Ce qu'est le vent.</item> <item>— Comment est le vent selon le point cardinal d'où il arrive ?</item> <item>— Services que rendent les vents.</item> <item>— Vitesse des vents.</item> <item>— Qu'entend-on par ouragan, trombes ?</item> <item>— Dites ce que vous vous rappelez sur les désastres causés par les trombes.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>(Voir le développement de la 57e leçon pour ce qui concerne les trois premières questions.)</p> <p>Les <term>ouragans</term> ou <term>cyclones</term> sont de vastes tourbillons qui se forment dans l'atmosphère, et dans lesquels la force du vent augmente jusqu'à une certaine distance du contre. Un calme absolu règne dans la région centrale, sur mer, mais les flots y sont cependant horriblement agités. </p> <p>Autour de cet espace, l'air circule avec l'effrayante vitesse de 20 à 240 kilomètres à l'heure, et décrit sur le globe un ovale immense ; malheur aux navires ou aux maisons, plantations, forêts qui se trouvent sur la route du terrible météore ! Le vent déchaîne soulève les vagues en montagnes colossales ; sur terre, il renverse tout, au milieu du bruit formidable du tonnerre qui gronde sans interruption.</p> <p>Une <term>trombe</term> est un phénomène analogue aux cyclones ; c’est un amas de vapeurs descendant des nuages sous la forme d'une colonne conique très allongée, touchant le sol par son extrémité la moins volumineuse, et qui tournoie avec rapidité en formant des ondulations comme un serpent gigantesque.</p> <p>Voici un exemple du spectacle que présente ce météore et des ravages qu'il commet : </p> <p><l>« Une nuée extrêmement épaisse et fort basse, poussée par un vent </l> <l>« du nord, couvrit la surface du sol sur lequel est placé le bourg de</l> <l>« <placeName key="Mirabeau" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1018645">Mirabeau</placeName>. Différents tourbillons se formèrent en même temps dans</l> <l>« cette masse noire chargée de vapeurs épaisses ; il en sortit de la </l> <l>« grêle ; le tonnerre se fit entendre ; les arbres et les haies furent </l> <l>« arrachés ; l'eau de la petite rivière de <placeName key="Mirabeau" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1018645">Mirabeau</placeName> fut transportée à plus </l> <l>« de soixante pas de son lit, qui resta à sec ; pendant ce temps, deux </l> <l>« hommes qui se trouvèrent enveloppés dans un des tourbillons furent</l> <l>« portés assez loin sans qu'il leur arrivât rien de fâcheux. Un jeune </l> <l>« pâtre fut enlevé plus haut et rejeté au bord de la rivière sans que sa </l> <l>« chute fût violente ; le tourbillon qui l'avait emporté, le posa à l'endroit</l> <l>« où il cessa d'agir. Toute la fureur du météore se disipa dans l'espace</l> <l>« d'une lieue de longueur sur une demi-lieue de largeur. » (<persName type="historique">RICHARD</persName>, <title>Histoire naturelle de l'air et des météores</title>.)</l></p> </div> </div> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head type="sujets">Sciences naturelles. </head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item>ESSAIMS D'ABEILLES.</item> <item>— Qu'entend-on par essaims ?</item> <item>— A quelle époque de l'année se forment-ils ?</item> <item>— Où se posent-ils ?</item> <item>— Comment sont-ils recueillis ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>On appelle <term>essaim</term> un groupe considérable d'abeilles qui, sous la conduite de la reine, abandonne la ruche pour fonder ailleurs une colonie nouvelle. Cette curieuse émigration a lieu aux mois de mai et de juin ; elle se renouvelle deux fois par an dans le <placeName>Nord</placeName> et jusqu'à quatre fois dans le <placeName>Midi</placeName>. </p> <fw type="header"> APICULTURE. 407 </fw> <pb type="page" n="407" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_407.jpg"/> <p>A la suite d'une visite de la reine dans toutes les parties de la ruche, une agitation générale se manifeste, et une quantité d'abeilles, la reine en tête, se précipitent au dehors, formant une masse compacte qui se fixe sur une branche d'arbre et s'y tient immobile. </p> <p>C'est le moment où l’apiculteur doit s'emparer de l'essaim et lui offrir une ruche préparée à l'avance ; il pose au-dessous cette ruche renversée, imprime une secousse à l'arbre, dont l'essaim se détache et tombe. On transporte immédiatement la ruche au lieu où elle doit être installée ; on la place sur la pierre ou la planche formant support, et aussitôt les abeilles commencent leur travail fécond. </p> </div> </div> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head type="sujets"> Agriculture. </head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item>— Que signifie le terme oléagineuse appliqué à certaines plantes ?</item> <item>— Nommez des plantes oléagineuses ;</item> <item>— des fruits oléagineux.</item> <item>— Dans quelles provinces de <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName> cultive-t-on le plus le colza, l'œillette, le lin ?</item> <item>— Quel produit tire-t-on encore du lin ?</item> <item>— Décrire la fleur du lin.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Le terme <term>oléagineuse</term> appliqué à certaines plantes indique que l'on peut tirer de l'huile de ces plantes.</p> <p>Parmi les <term>plantes oléagineuses</term>, on citera l'œillette, le colza, la navette, et parmi les <term>fruits oléagineux</term>, la noix, l'olive, la faîne, la noisette. La graine du lin donne également de l'huile, ainsi que celle du chanvre. </p> <p>Le colza, l'œillette et le lin sont cultivés principalement dans la <placeName>région septentrionale de la France</placeName>. On tire encore du lin une matière textile avec laquelle on fait des toiles estimées. Comme nous l'avons dit précédemment, le lin n'a pas les dimensions du chanvre ; sa tige atteint à peine 50 à 60 centimètres, et elle porte au printemps une mignonne fleur bleue formée de cinq pétales réunis en clochette. </p> </div> </div> <div type="géographie"> <head type="sujets"> Géographie. </head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'un canal ?</item> <item>— Pourquoi creuse-t-on un canal ?</item> <item>— Que représente le profil d'un canal ?</item> <item>— A quoi servent les écluses ?</item> <item>— Donnez une idée de la disposition d'une écluse.</item> <item>— Citez lez principaux canaux de France.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Un <term>canal</term> est une sorte de rivière creusée de main d'homme, où l'eau reste immobile, et qui sert à faciliter le transport des marchandises et des denrées encombrantes. Sur un canal, un cheval peut traîner 30 ou 40 fois plus que sur une route. </p> <p>On creuse un canal lorsqu'il n'existe pas de cours d'eau navigable entre deux villes ou deux régions qui ont entre elles des relations commerciales importantes. Comme l'eau ne doit pas couler dans le canal (car on ne saurait comment s'y prendre pour l'alimenter), on le forme de parties longues de 1 à 2 ou 3 kilomètres au maximum, qu'on appelle biez, et qui se trouvent respectivement les unes au-dessus ou au-dessous des autres de 7 à 8 mètres. </p> <p>Un canal, dans son profil, représente donc une sorte d'escalier à marches très longues qui s'élèvent successivement jusqu'au point le plus élevé séparant les lieux à mettre en communication, puis redescendant jusqu'au lieu terminal. </p> <p>Les <term>écluses</term> sont des fossés à bords perpendiculaires, solidement maçonnés, profonds de 7 à 8 mètres, et qui servent à faire communiquer deux biez entre eux. </p> <p>Toute écluse présente à chacune de ses deux extrémités une porte énorme. Voici comment le tout fonctionne. Supposons qu'il faille faire remonter un bateau du biez inférieur au biez supérieur : l'écluse est pleine d'eau ; on ouvre deux petites vannes à la partie la plus basse de la porte du biez inférieur ; l'écluse se vide rapidement et l'eau y descend au niveau du biez inférieur ; la chose achevée, on ouvre les portes <fw type="header"> 408 SUZETTE. </fw> <pb type="page" n="408" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_408.jpg"/> et le bateau est amené dans l'écluse. Les portes étant formées, on lève les vannes de la porte supérieure ; l'écluse se remplit et bientôt le bateau est au niveau du biez où il doit entrer. La porte supérieure est alors ouverte, et le bateau pénètre sans difficulté dans le biez en question. </p> <p>Les principaux canaux de <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName> sont ceux de la région de la <placeName key="Flanders" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q234">Flandre</placeName>, le <placeName key="Canal de Saint-Quentin" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1032591">canal de Saint-Quentin</placeName>, celui de la <placeName key="Marne" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q41983">Marne</placeName> au <placeName key="Rhin" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21198444">Rhin</placeName>, du <placeName key="Rhône" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q602">Rhône</placeName> au <placeName key="Rhin" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21198444">Rhin</placeName>, de <placeName key="Bourgogne" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1218849">Bourgogne</placeName>, de <placeName key="Briare" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q818443">Briare</placeName>, du <placeName>Centre</placeName>, de <placeName>Nantes</placeName> à <placeName key="Brest" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12193">Brest</placeName>, du <placeName key="Nivernais" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1468519">Nivernais</placeName>, du <placeName>Midi</placeName>. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
109. — La vacherie. 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Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" xmlns:org="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#"> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch109.xml?note_annotation_20231024101900404", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:19:00.404Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-24T14:19:00.404Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch109.xml?note_annotation_20231024101900404#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch109.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch109.xml?note_annotation_20231024101900404#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[2]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Ruminer. 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Vivre misérablement." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch109.xml?note_annotation_20231024101900410", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:19:00.410Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-24T14:19:00.410Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch109.xml?note_annotation_20231024101900410#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch109.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch109.xml?note_annotation_20231024101900410#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[7]/note[2]" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Falsifié. Qui a été altéré par le\n mélange de substances étrangères." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch109.xml?note_annotation_20231024101900411", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:19:00.411Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-24T14:19:00.411Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch109.xml?note_annotation_20231024101900411#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch109.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch109.xml?note_annotation_20231024101900411#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[9]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "De la Saint-Jean. Peu de chose ; quelque\n chose d'inférieur." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": 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ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch109"> <pb type="page" n="382" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_382.jpg"/> <head> 109. — La <objectName>vacherie</objectName>. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>Tout en admirant ces superbes <objectName>volailles</objectName>, la petite caravane se trouva devant la <objectName>vacherie</objectName>. Le bâtiment était en forme de chalet ; le long des murs blancs, deux rangées de <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" xml:space="default" key="vache">vaches</objectName> choisies, <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="vache" xml:space="default">normandes</objectName>, <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="vache" xml:space="default">flamandes</objectName>, <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="vache" xml:space="default">bretonnes</objectName>, <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="vache" xml:space="default">hollandaises</objectName>, luisantes de santé.</p> <p>Un <objectName>foin</objectName> frais et fleuri remplissait les <objectName>râteliers</objectName>. Elles mangeaient : quelques-unes, tout en ruminant*<note type="annotation">Ruminer. Faire revenir de l'estomac des mets avalés pour les mâcher.</note>, tournaient vers les visiteurs leur tête nonchalante, aux gros yeux pleins de vague songerie.</p> <p>Elles étaient là dans l'<objectName>air</objectName> oxygéné*<note type="annotation">Oxygéné. Qui contient beaucoup d'oxygène.</note> des bois, soignées en princesses et donnaient un lait aussi pur, aussi délicat que pouvait l'être celui de <placeName key="Grand Trianon" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8049">Trianon</placeName>*<note type="annotation"><placeName>Trianon</placeName>. Petit château dans l'enceinte du parc de <placeName>Versailles</placeName>.</note> dont la reine <persName type="historique">Marie-Antoinette</persName> et les dames de sa cour, déguisées en fermières, faisaient, de leurs propres mains, leur <objectName>fromage à la crème</objectName> et leur <objectName>beurre</objectName>.</p> <p>Aussi le <objectName>lait</objectName> du <placeName key="Jardin d'Acclimatation" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3090513">Jardin d'acclimatation</placeName> est-il réservé aux Parisiens qui peuvent le payer un franc le litre. On le leur apporte, ou ils viennent le boire, là, dans des <objectName>tasses</objectName> fines.</p> <p>Parmi les <roleName>buveurs</roleName>, nos amis reconnurent quelques jolis cavaliers de l'éléphant, des chameaux et des poneys.</p> <p>La petite <persName type="fictif">fée Urgande</persName>, descendue de son équipage mené par l'autruche, avait le nez dans sa <objectName>tasse</objectName> ; elle le leva pour respirer ; de ses yeux doux elle regarda la compagnie, et répondit au sourire que <persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName> lui adressait, par un autre, tout blanc de lait.</p> <p>— Ah ! dit la <persName key="mme_richard" type="fictif">tante Richard</persName>, si tous les enfants de <placeName key="Paris" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q90">Paris</placeName> pouvaient boire à pareil <objectName>bol</objectName> ! Mais que de pauvres <objectName>bébés</objectName>, dans cette grande ville, y végètent*<note type="annotation">Végéter. Vivre misérablement.</note>, y meurent par le <objectName>lait</objectName> inondé d'eau ou falsifié*<note type="annotation">Falsifié. Qui a été altéré par le mélange de substances étrangères.</note> qu'on leur sert ! </p> <p>Une grosse et blonde dame en blanc bonnet, qui venait d'entrer, se mit aussitôt de la conversation : </p> <p>— Madame, dit-elle, c'est dans mon pays, en <placeName key="Belgium" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q31">Belgique</placeName>, ou même en <placeName key="Holland" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q102911">Hollande</placeName> qu'il faut aller pour boire du <objectName>lait</objectName>, savez-vous ? Là, il y a des <objectName>vacheries</objectName> auprès desquelles celle-ci n'est que de la Saint-Jean*<note type="annotation">De la Saint-Jean. Peu de chose ; quelque chose d'inférieur.</note> , savez-vous ? </p> <pb type="page" n="383" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_383.jpg"/> <p>Et elle fit un tableau flamand de ces <objectName>vacheries</objectName> constamment lavées du haut en bas, des épaisses <objectName>litières</objectName> plus vite nettoyées que salies. Le sol y est en pente, avec une rigole au bas, pour l'écoulement du <objectName>purin</objectName>*<note type="annotation">Purin. Liquide qui s'écoule de la litière ou du fermier.</note> , et <figure> <caption> Il faut les voir, le matin, sur de petites voitures, trainées par de gros chiens. </caption> </figure> <figure> <caption> <objectName>Canards</objectName>, <objectName>oies</objectName> et <objectName>dindons</objectName>. Ces trois <objectName>animaux de basse-cour</objectName> nous sont d'une grande utilité. — La <objectName>chair</objectName> du <objectName>canard domestique</objectName> (1) est de bonne qualité ; on peut la conserver en la salant ou en la faisant mariner. Avec celle des <objectName>canetons</objectName> on confectionne des <objectName>pâtés d'<placeName><placeName key="Amiens" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q41604">Amiens</placeName></placeName></objectName> et les foies servent à faire les <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="terrine" xml:space="default">terrines de <placeName><placeName key="Nérac" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q210769">Nérac</placeName></placeName></objectName> et de <objectName><placeName><placeName key="Toulouse" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7880">Toulouse</placeName></placeName></objectName>. — L'<objectName>oie </objectName>(2) est le <objectName>mets</objectName> de prédilection des petits ménages dans les fêtes de famille pendant l'hiver ; sa <objectName>chair</objectName> est délicate et sa <objectName>graisse</objectName> très utile pour bien des <objectName>préparations</objectName> culinaires. Avec la <objectName>plume</objectName> des <objectName>oies</objectName> en garnit les <objectName>coussins</objectName>, les <objectName>oreillers</objectName> et l'on fait des <objectName>plumes pour écrire</objectName>. — Le <objectName>dindon</objectName> (3) est un gros <objectName>oiseau</objectName> dont la <objectName>chair</objectName> est très estimée et préférée à celle du <objectName>canard</objectName> et de l'<objectName>oie</objectName>. </caption> </figure> les <objectName>vaches</objectName>, quand elles se couchent, n'ont pas même la permission de traîner leur <objectName>queue</objectName> à terre ; on la relève en l'attachant. Des <objectName>étables</objectName> ! ce sont des salons, savez-vous ? J’ai été <roleName>servante</roleName>, moi, dans une <objectName>ferme</objectName> hollandaise. Il fallait voir la <objectName>laiterie</objectName> ! blanche comme neige, ventilée, mais sans <objectName>fenêtres</objectName>, fraîche ! Et la <objectName>vaisselle</objectName> <pb type="page" n="384" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_384.jpg"/> pour le <objectName>lait</objectName>, comme tout cela était rincé ! Mais aussi quelle <objectName>crème</objectName> ! quel <objectName>beurre</objectName> ! quel <objectName>fromage</objectName> ! Et à <placeName key="City of Brussels" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q239">Bruxelles</placeName>, il faut voir, le matin, dans les rues, les grandes <objectName>boîtes à lait</objectName> de cuivre poli, brillant comme or. Les <roleName>laitières</roleName> les promènent de porte en porte. Et c'est ça des <roleName>laitières</roleName> et du <objectName>lait</objectName>, savez-vous ? </p> <p>En parlant ainsi, la Flamande, heureuse de faire valoir son pays, accompagna un moment nos amis, et les quitta au détour d'un bout de rivière.</p> <p>Là, des <objectName>canards</objectName> bons enfants s'exerçaient à la culbute, au plongeon, et autres amusettes de la natation ; on apercevait, à travers les branches fleuries d'un cytise, un spectacle devant lequel <persName key="mme_richard" type="fictif">Mme Richard</persName> arrêta sa troupe. </p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Donnez une idée du <objectName>bâtiment</objectName> affecté à la <objectName>vacherie</objectName>.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui remplissait les <objectName>râteliers</objectName> et que faisaient les <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="vache" xml:space="default">vaches</objectName> ? </item> <item>— Quelle sorte de <objectName>lait</objectName> donnaient-elles, et pourquoi ? </item> <item>— A qui est réservé le lait du <placeName key="Jardin d'Acclimatation" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3090513">Jardin d'acclimatation</placeName> ? </item> <item>— Qui reconnut-on parmi les <roleName>buveurs</roleName> ? </item> <item>— Que direz-vous de la petite fille que l'on compara à la <persName type="fictif">fée Urgande</persName> ? </item> <item>— Quel souhait forma la <persName key="mme_richard" type="fictif">tante Richard</persName> ? </item> <item>— Quelle personne vint à entrer ? </item> <item>— Que se mit-elle à dire ? </item> <item>— Que raconta-t-elle des <objectName>vacheries</objectName> de <placeName key="Belgium" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q31">Belgique</placeName> et de <placeName key="Holland" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q102911">Hollande</placeName> ? </item> <item>— Que voit-on le matin dans les rues de <placeName key="City of Brussels" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q239">Bruxelles</placeName> ? </item> <item>— Que voyait-on, de la <objectName>vacherie</objectName>, à l'autre bout de la rivière ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="sciences_naturelles" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujnat_109"> <head type="sujets">Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qu'est-ce que l'air ? </item> <item>— Quels gaz entrent dans sa composition ? </item> <item>— Propriétés de chacun d'eux.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que l'atmosphère ? </item> <item>— Son épaisseur ; phénomènes qui s'y passent.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>L'air est un mélange de deux gaz : l'oxygène pour 21 parties sur 100, en volume, et l'azote pour 79. Il forme autour de la terre une couche dont on évalue l'épaisseur à 50 ou 60 kilomètres ; au delà est un air extrêmement raréfié, et à 100 kilomètres de hauteur il n'y a plus que le vide absolu.</p> <p>Un litre d'air pèse 1 gramme 3 dixièmes, soit un l kilog. 300 par mètre cube, à la surface du sol.</p> <p>L'<term>oxygène</term> est un gaz incolore, sans saveur et sans odeur ; il se combine avec tous les corps en dégageant de la chaleur et parfois de la lumière ; seul il peut entretenir la, vie, et c'est grâce à sa présence dans l'air et dans l'eau que les animaux terrestres et les poissons y conservent l'existence ; mais il est dangereux de le respirer pur pendant longtemps.</p> <p>L'<term>azote</term> est un gaz également incolore, sans saveur ni odeur ; il est impropre à entretenir la combustion ; une lumière plongée dans un flacon rempli de ce gaz s’éteint immédiatement. Il tempère l'activité de l'oxygène, et se combine à une foule de corps. </p> <p>L'atmosphère contient en outre de la vapeur d'eau et quelques dix-millièmes d'un gaz formé d’oxygène et de charbon : l'<term>acide carbonique</term>. Les animaux en exhalent pendant l'acte de la respiration, de même <pb type="page" n="385" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_385.jpg"/> que les plantes durant la nuit, et certains végétaux en fermentation. Comme il est impropre à la vie, on comprend qu'il soit malsain de ne pas renouveler fréquemment l'air des lieux fermés où se réunissent plusieurs personnes ou plusieurs animaux. C'est pour ce motif que l'on ne conserve pas sans danger des plantes et des fleurs dans une chambre à coucher.</p> </div> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>LA <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" xml:space="default" key="vache">VACHE</objectName>.</item> <item>— Que savez-vous de la <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="vache" xml:space="default">vache</objectName>, du <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="vache" xml:space="default">veau</objectName> et du <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="vache" xml:space="default">bœuf</objectName> ? </item> <item>— Produits et services dont nous leur sommes redevables.</item> <item>— Usages de la <objectName>peau</objectName>, des <objectName>os</objectName>, des <objectName>cornes</objectName>, des <objectName>tendons</objectName>, du <objectName>sang</objectName> de ces <objectName>animaux</objectName>.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>La <term><objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" xml:space="default" key="vache">vache</objectName></term> est le plus précieux peut-être de nos <objectName>animaux domestiques</objectName> ; elle nous donne à la fois son <objectName>lait</objectName>, sa <objectName>chair</objectName> et son travail, lequel, dans certaines contrées, n'est pas sans importance.</p> <p>Le <term><objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="vache" xml:space="default">bœuf</objectName></term> est, après le <objectName>cheval</objectName>, le plus utile auxiliaire de l'homme ; il tire la <objectName>charrue</objectName> et traîne les <objectName>chariots</objectName> ; engraissé, il fournit une <objectName>chair</objectName> succulente et fortifiante.</p> <p>Le <term><objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="vache" xml:space="default">veau</objectName></term> et la <term><objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="vache" xml:space="default">génisse</objectName></term> sont les petits de la <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="vache" xml:space="default">vache</objectName> ; un certain nombre d'entre eux sont destinés à la <objectName>boucherie</objectName> ; ils donnent une <objectName>viande</objectName> délicate et de facile digestion.</p> <p>Ces <objectName>animaux</objectName> appartiennent à l'ordre des <objectName>ruminants</objectName>, c'est-à-dire que la <objectName>nourriture</objectName> exclusivement végétale dont ils s'accommodent passe d'abord dans un premier estomac, revient à la bouche pour être mâchée de nouveau, redescend dans un second estomac, puis se rend dans un troisième et, enfin, dans un quatrième. </p> <p>Les services que le <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="vache" xml:space="default">bœuf</objectName>, la <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" xml:space="default">vache</objectName> et leurs petits rendent à l'homme se prolongent au delà de leur existence : on met à profit toutes leurs <objectName>dépouilles</objectName>. Avec leur <objectName>peau</objectName>, on fait un <objectName>cuir</objectName> excellent ; avec leurs <objectName>cornes</objectName>, on confectionne mille petits <objectName>objets</objectName> utiles : des <objectName>boîtes</objectName>, des <objectName>peignes</objectName>, des <objectName>manches de couteau</objectName>, des <objectName>vitres de lanternes</objectName>. Les <objectName>os</objectName> du <objectName>bœuf</objectName> remplacent l'<objectName>ivoire</objectName> et se vendent à bas prix ; s'ils sont frais, ou en fait de la <objectName>gélatine</objectName>, et, s'ils sont secs, du <objectName>noir animal</objectName> ; les <objectName>tendons</objectName> donnent un <objectName>fil</objectName> très fin employé par les <roleName>selliers</roleName> ; les <objectName>pieds</objectName> fournissent une <objectName>huile</objectName> précieuse ; le <objectName>sang</objectName> est employé dans la fabrication du <objectName>bleu de Prusse</objectName> et de la <objectName>graisse</objectName> on tire un <objectName>suif</objectName> excellent.</p> <p>On estime qu'il y a en <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName> douze millions de têtes de l'<objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="vache" xml:space="default">espèce bovine</objectName>.</p> </div> </div> <div type="agriculture"> <head type="sujets"> Agriculture. </head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'une prairie ? </item> <item>— Qu'entend-on par prairies naturelles et par prairies artificielles ? </item> <item>— Quels terrains leur conviennent ? </item> <item>— Décrire la récolte du fourrage.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Une <term>prairie</term> est un terrain qui produit de l'herbe, du foin ou d'autres plantes servant aux mêmes usages que les deux premières.</p> <p>Il y a deux espèces de prairies : </p> <p>1° Les <term>prairies artificielles</term>, terres labourables sur lesquelles on a semé, pour quelques années, différentes espèces d'herbes propres à la nourriture des animaux domestique, telles que le trèfle, la luzerne, la minette, le sainfoin.</p> <p>2° Les <term>prairies naturelles</term>, terrains sur lesquels le foin vient naturellement ou a été semé en vue de produire pendant plusieurs années.</p> <p>Les terrains qui conviennent aux prairies naturelles doivent être frais et profonds ; il en est de même pour la luzerne. Le trèfle, la minette, le sainfoin réussissent dans les terres maigres et même pierreuses ; ce sont des plantes précieuses lorsque le sol n'est pas arrosé par des fontaines ou des ruisseaux et ne peut, par conséquent, se prêter à l'établissement de prairies naturelles et à la culture de la luzerne.</p> <p>Les prairies de toutes sortes sont fauchées quand elles sont en fleur ; <pb type="page" n="386" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_386.jpg"/> on étend l'herbe sur le terrain ; on la retourne pour qu'elle sèche bien également, et on la rentre ensuite dans les granges, à moins qu'on ne l'entasse dans les champs, en masses coniques connues sous le nom de <term>meules</term>. </p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" xml:space="default" type="histoire" xml:id="sujhis_109"> <head type="sujets"> Histoire. </head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Racontez ce que vous savez de la reine <persName key="Marie Antoinette" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q47365">Marie-Antoinette</persName>, du <placeName key="Palace of Versailles" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2946">palais de Versailles</placeName> et de <placeName key="Grand Trianon" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8049">Trianon</placeName>.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p><persName key="Marie Antoinette" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q47365"><term>Marie-Antoinette </term></persName> d'Autriche, reine de <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName>, naquit à <placeName key="Vienna" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1741">Vienne</placeName> en 1755 et fut guillotinée le 16 octobre 1793. Elle épousa en 1770 le Dauphin de France, qui fut depuis le roi <persName key="Louis XVI of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7732">Louis XVI</persName> ; à peine ce dernier était-il sur le trône, que la légèreté et la hauteur de <persName key="Marie Antoinette" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q47365">Marie Antoinette</persName> augmentèrent les embarras de la royauté et du gouvernement ; elle fut en butte à l'inimitié d'une partie de la cour, et, comme elle s'opposait à toutes les reformes, l'opinion publique se tourna contre elle. Sa conduite fut plus qu'imprudente au début de la révolution et, aux journées des 5 et 6 octobre 1789, elle n'échappa que par miracle aux poignards des assassins. Emprisonnée au <placeName key="Temple" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1067494">Temple</placeName> avec son mari et ses enfants après le 10 août 1792, elle y souffrit tous les outrages, tous les tourments, comme reine, comme épouse et comme mère ; sa captivité fut un véritable martyre. Traduite devant le tribunal révolutionnaire et condamnée à mort après avoir entendu formuler contre elle les plus lâches et les plus infâmes accusations, elle marcha au supplice avec beaucoup de fermeté et mourut en pardonnant à ses ennemis.</p> <p>Le <placeName key="Palace of Versailles" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2946"><term>palais de Versailles</term></placeName> est un immense édifice, de 450 mètres de façade sur les jardins, qui fut construit sous le règne de <persName key="Louis XIV of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7742">Louis XIV</persName>. Les architectes <persName key="Louis Le Vau" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q310530">Levau</persName> et <persName key="Jacques Hardouin-Mansart de Sagonne" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3159083">Hardouin Mansart</persName>, le peintre <persName key="Jean-Baptiste Le Brun" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3164360">Lebrun</persName>, le jardinier <persName key="André Le Nôtre" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q273849">Le Nôtre</persName> le construisirent ou l'ornèrent ; la dépense a été estimée à un milliard de la monnaie de l'époque.</p> <p>Le grand roi y habita de 1672 jusqu'à sa mort ; <persName key="Louis XV of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7738">Louis XV</persName> et <persName key="Louis XVI of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7732">Louis XVI</persName> y fixèrent leur résidence, et ce dernier jusqu'à ce que le peuple de <placeName key="Paris" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q90">Paris</placeName> le ramenât aux <placeName key="Tuileries Palace" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q234364">Tuileries</placeName>, en octobre 1789. Sous le règne de <persName key="Louis-Philippe I" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7771">Louis-Philippe</persName>, ce magnifique édifice fut converti en un <placeName key="Museum of the History of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3329787">musée des gloires nationales de la France</placeName> (1837).</p> <p>Le palais du <placeName key="Grand Trianon" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8049"><term>Grand Trianon</term></placeName>, bâti sous <persName key="Louis XIV of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7742">Louis XIV</persName> vers 1676, et celui du <placeName key="Petit Trianon" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8044"><term>Petit Trianon</term></placeName>, créé par <persName key="Louis XV of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7738">Louis XV,</persName> sont de beaux édifices contigus au jardin du <placeName key="Palace of Versailles" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2946">palais de Versailles</placeName>. <persName key="Marie Antoinette" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q47365">Marie-Antoinette</persName> aimait beaucoup à résider au <placeName key="Petit Trianon" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8044">Petit Trianon</placeName>.</p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" xml:space="default" type="économie_domestique" xml:id="sujeco_109"> <head type="sujets"> Économie domestique. </head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Usages du <objectName>lait de vache</objectName> ; — comment on le conserve.</item> <item>— Détails sur une <objectName>laiterie</objectName>.</item> <item>— Quels produits sont fabriqués avec le <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" xml:space="default" key="lait">lait de vache</objectName>, celui des <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="lait" xml:space="default">chèvres</objectName> et des <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="lait" xml:space="default">brebis</objectName>.</item> <item>— Détails sur le <objectName>beurre</objectName> et le <objectName>fromage</objectName>. (Voir, pour ce dernier point, la leçon 29.)</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Le <term><objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" xml:space="default" key="lait">lait</objectName></term> est à la fois un <objectName>aliment</objectName> solide et une <objectName>boisson</objectName>, une source d'<objectName>albumine</objectName> et de <objectName>graisse</objectName>, de <objectName>sucre</objectName> et de <objectName>sel</objectName> : c'est l'<objectName>aliment</objectName> des <objectName>aliments</objectName>, à la fois très nourrissant et digestif. On l'emploie pur ; il entre dans la confection des <term><objectName>soupes</objectName></term>, des <term><objectName>potages</objectName></term>, de divers <term><objectName>ragoûts</objectName></term>, de la plupart des <term><objectName>crèmes</objectName></term> et des <term><objectName>pâtisseries</objectName></term>, sans en excepter celle du <term><objectName>beurre</objectName></term> et du <term><objectName>fromage</objectName></term>.</p> <p>En été, on ne peut conserver le <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="lait" xml:space="default">lait</objectName> que dans des <objectName>vases</objectName> très propres, en le faisant bouillir et en le tenant dans un lieu frais. Un peu de <objectName>bicarbonate de soude</objectName> produit, dit-on, le même effet ; mais ce procédé n'est pas hygiénique.</p> <p>Une <term><objectName>laiterie</objectName></term> est une <objectName>pièce</objectName> demi-souterraine ordinairement, exposée au nord, munie d'une seule <objectName>fenêtre</objectName> pour que la lumière n'y arrive qu'en petite quantité. Les <objectName>murs</objectName> en doivent être épais ; intérieurement, <pb type="page" n="387" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_387.jpg"/> ils sont garnis de <objectName>tablettes</objectName> de pierre ou de bois dur sur lesquelles on pose les <objectName>vases de lait</objectName> ; le pavé, formé de larges <objectName>dalles</objectName>, a besoin d'être fréquemment lavé à l'<objectName>eau fraîche</objectName>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
108. — Heureuses gens. Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" xmlns:org="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#"> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624105", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:16:24.105Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624105#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624105#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[2]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Étuve. Lieu clos dont on échauffe\n plus ou moins la température." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624107", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:16:24.107Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624107#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624107#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[2]/note[2]" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Thermomètre. Instrument pour indiquer\n les degrés de chaleur ou de froid." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624109", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:16:24.109Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624109#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624109#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[3]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Capitonné. Rembourée,\n matelassé." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624110", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:16:24.110Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624110#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624110#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[9]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Factice. Qui imite les choses\n naturelles." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624111", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:16:24.111Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624111#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624111#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[11]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Meurtrière. Ouverture\n étroite pratiquée dans une muraille fortifiée et par laquelle on tire à couvert\n sur l'ennemi." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624112", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:16:24.112Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624112#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624112#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[12]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Gogaille. 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Quelle chaleur ! </p> <p>Une température d'étuve* <note type="annotation">Étuve. Lieu clos dont on échauffe plus ou moins la température.</note>, trente degrés centigrades, constatés par un gros thermomètre*<note type="annotation">Thermomètre. Instrument pour indiquer les degrés de chaleur ou de froid.</note> pendu au mur. Au milieu de la pièce, sur une table , plusieurs boîtes. La première, fermée, était munie, sur un côté, d'un petit vitrage derrière lequel se voyaient des œufs de poule , mollement couchés sur de l'ouate. La boîte, la couveuse artificielle, maintenait à la température où ils se trouveraient sous le corps de la poule.</p> <figure> <caption> Couveuse artificielle. </caption> </figure> <p> Les petits sont éclos. En voyez-vous dans la sécheuse, cette cloche, tout à côté, chaufée et douillettement capitonnée*<note type="annotation">Capitonné. Rembourée, matelassé.</note> de duvet ? Et séchez-vous, petits poussins ! </p> <fw type="footer"/><pb type="page" n="379" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_379.jpg"/> <fw>HEUREUSES GENS. 379</fw> <p> Vous voilà secs, et en disposition de quelque chose, hein ? </p> <p>Bon ! autre appareil. Là, des appropriées à la petitesse de votre bec d'enfant ; et aussi du gravier pour votre bonne digestion , et de l'eau ; et la plus étrange, la plus curieuse, la plus belle chose de l'endroit, une mère artificielle ! </p> <figure> <caption>Gaveuse pour engraisser les volailles. </caption> </figure> <p> Cette mère est un abri, en forme de deux ailes soulevées, rembourrés de plumes tièdes et douces. Tout y est, sauf le gloussement affectueux de la maman répondant à vos pépiements légers. </p> <p> Mais les petits sont gens d'estomac plutôt que de sentiment ; ils becquètent, grattent, mangent à plaisir, sans songer aux gloussements absents.</p> <p>Ils grandissent et échangent bientôt leur duvet jaune pour les plumes de l'adolescence. </p> <p>Alors, comme ils eussent déserté l'aile maternelle, ils désertent l'aile factice*<note type="annotation">Factice. Qui imite les choses naturelles.</note>, et on les porte au grand air. </p> <p>Cocorico ! cocorico ! Ah ! se font-ils de la joie et du muscle sur cette jolie pelouse ! </p> <p>Mais, cela fait, on vous reprend les petits messieurs qu'il ne s’agit plus que d'engraisser ; on vous les met en cellule, dans cette tour mobile <figure> <caption>La rôtissoire mécanique. Ce système de mise à la broche pour les volailles est très usité à <placeName key="Paris" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q90">Paris</placeName> et dans les grandes villes ; il fonctionne par la chaleur même du foyer ; , dans son mouvement ascensionnel, fait tourner les aubes du moulin a que l'on aperçoit au-dessus de la cheminée, moulin qui communique le mouvement aux broches par un système d'engrenages fixés à l'axe b. </caption> </figure> <pb type="page" n="380" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_380.jpg"/> <fw>380 SUZETTE.</fw> sur un pivot. La tour se meut. Les cous des captifs s'allongent par une meurtrière*<note type="annotation">Meurtrière. Ouverture étroite pratiquée dans une muraille fortifiée et par laquelle on tire à couvert sur l'ennemi.</note>. Les uns après les autres ils reçoivent, par un tuyau que dirige un employé, la pâtée cuite, mouillée, salée à point. Il faut s'engraisser ou dire pourquoi !</p> <p>La gaveuse est le lieu de bénédiction, c'est la grande et tranquille gogaille*<note type="annotation">Gogaille. Repas joyeux.</note> à l'abri de la fouine, du renard, de la pluie et du soleil.</p> <p>Enfin, nous sommes gavés ! superbes d'embonpoint ! nous sommes d'admirables pelotes de graisse, et nous sortons de la tour hospitalière ! </p> <p>Et où allons-nous, maintenant, ô mes gras, mes insoucieux amis ?...</p> <p>A la broche ! </p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Parlez de la température de la couveuse.</item> <item>— Que voyait-on au milieu de la pièce ? </item> <item>— Qu'y avait-il dans chaque boîte ? </item> <item>— Comment la couveuse agit-elle sur les œufs ? </item> <item>— Que remarquait-on sous la sécheuse ? </item> <item>— Que voyait-on dans un autre appareil ? </item> <item>— Décrivez la mère artificielle. </item> <item>— Que sont les petits poulets et que font-ils ? </item> <item>— Où les porte-t-on quand ils ont grandi ? </item> <item>— Où vont-ils ? </item> <item>— Pourquoi les met-on en cellule ? </item> <item>— Parlez de la tour mobile et de la singulière manière de nourrir les petits poulets. </item> <item>— Qu'est la gaveuse pour ces jeunes oiseaux ? </item> <item>— Et qu'advient-il enfin des poulets ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="sciences_naturelles" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujnat_108"> <head>Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>LE THERMOMÈTRE.</item> <item>— L'eau, en s'échauffant, augmente-t-elle ou diminue-t-elle de volume ? </item> <item>— Exemples.</item> <item>— En est-il de même pour les autres liquides ? </item> <item>— Si l'on met de l'esprit-de-vin ou du mercure dans un tube, qu'adviendra-t-il quand ces liquides s'échaufferont ? </item> <item>— Décrire le thermomètre. </item> <item>— Comment est-il gradué ? </item> <item>— Ses usages.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>En s'échauffant, l'eau augmente de volume, et il est facile de le constater en plaçant un vase plein devant un feu vif ; peu de temps après que le <term>liquide</term> a subi l'influence de la chaleur, il déborde. C'est une propriété commune à tous los corps qui sont en cet état à la température ordinaire ; par exemple, au mercure et à l'esprit-de-vin. Si l'on en introduisait dans un tube formé à la partie inférieure, laquelle serait soumise à l'action d'un foyer allumé, ces liquides monteraient rapidement dans le tube en question, preuve évidente de leur dilatation sous l'influence de la chaleur. </p> <p>Cette propriété a été appliquée à la mesure de la température des corps et l'on a imaginé à cet effet un instrument nommé <term>thermomètre</term> . Il se compose d'un tube fin comme un cheveu à l’intérieur, soudé à un réservoir cylindrique de même matière. Le réservoir ainsi qu'une partie de la tige sont remplis de mercure ou d'alcool, et une échelle graduée, tracée sur une règle plate à laquelle le tube est fixé, fait connaître, par l'examen ou le compte des divisions, la dilatation du liquide et, par suite, l'intensité de la chaleur.</p> <p>Le thermomètre compte 100 divisions égales ou degrés entre la température de la glace et celle de l'eau bouillante. Il sert à mesurer <pb type="page" n="381" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_381.jpg"/> <fw>HEUREUSES GENS. 381</fw> la température de l'air, des liquides, du corps des malades, d'une chambre, etc.</p> </div> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>LA DIGESTION. </item> <item>— Comment introduit-on les aliments dans l'estomac ? </item> <item>— Fonction des dents, de la salive, de la langue. </item> <item>— Que se passe-t-il dans l'estomac ? </item> <item>— La bile. </item> <item>— Que deviennent les aliments après leur sortie de l'estomac ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>La digestion est une fonction naturelle des animaux qui a pour objet : 1° de transformer la partie nutritive des substances alimentaires en un liquide propre à se mêler au sang pour nourrir le corps ; — 2° de séparer la partie nutritive des aliments d'avec les parties qui ne possèdent pas cette qualité et qui doivent être rejetées.</p> <p>C'est dans la bouche que se passe le premier acte de la digestion. Les aliments y sont broyés par les dents, opération très importante, parce qu'à mesure qu'ils sont divisés, ils sont humectés de salive, et ce liquide facilite le travail de décomposition dont on va parler. De la bouche, la nourriture, réunie en une masse arrondie, est soulevée par la langue et précipitée dans l'estomac par le canal de l'<term>œsophage</term>.</p> <p>L'<term>estomac</term> est une grande poche membraneuse dont les parois sécrètent un liquide doué de la propriété de réduire les aliments en une substance semi-liquide à laquelle on donne le nom de <term>chyme</term>. </p> <p>Le chyme se rend, par l'ouverture du <term>pylore</term>, dans l'intestin grêle où il se mélange avec la <term>bile</term>, matière verdâtre, de saveur amère, que produit le <term>foie</term>, organe situé à côté de l'estomac. Les parois de l'intestin absorbent une partie du nouveau liquide, lequel entre dans la circulation du sang par des vaisseaux très minces débouchant, d'une part, dans l'intestin grêle et, de l'autre, dans une veine voisine du cœur. Ce qui reste ne peut servir à la nutrition et passe dans le gros intestin. </p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="économie_domestique" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujeco_108"> <head>Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Lorsqu'on digère mal, que doit-on prendre ? </item> <item>— Quels soins faut-il donner aux enfants, en cas d'indigestion ? </item> <item>— Quelles sont les causes qui peuvent amener des indigestions ? </item> <item>— Citez les aliments qui sont le plus indiges-tes pour les enfants. </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Lorsque la digestion se fait difficilement, on conseille de prendre un exercice modéré, tel que la marche dans la chambre, ou mieux au dehors, s'il se peut. Mais au cas où le malaise persisterait, il faudrait boire une infusion de thé bien chaude ou de camomille ; on provoquerait les vomissements, en chatouillant le gosier avec une plume, si la personne n'éprouvait aucun soulagement. Ensuite, il est nécessaire de coucher le malade et de lui faire prendre l'une des infusions citées précédemment.</p> <p>Les causes qui peuvent provoquer des indigestions sont nombreuses : l'excès de nourriture, l'absorption de mets lourds à l'estomac, un exercice trop violent avant ou après le repas. Comme ces indispositions ont souvent un caractère dangereux, les parents tiendront à nourrir de préférence les enfants avec une soupe le matin ; vers onze heures, un œuf à la coque, un peu de viande et des légumes ; à trois heures, légère collation faite à la promenade ou à l'air libre, composée de pain et de fromage, de confitures ou de chocolat ; le soir, ils dîneront avec de la soupe, de la viande, un légume, un fruit ou quelque friandise. Des aliments simples et doux, d'une préparation naturelle, assaisonnés d'un peu de sel, des viandes bien cuites, des repas à des heures réglées, constituent pour eux le régime le plus favorable. </p> <p>Evitons de leur donner des viandes trop cuites et des mets trop épicés, de la chair de porc sans légumes, des aliments très gras, des fruits à demi mûrs ; ils les digéreraient avec difficulté, même dans les meilleures conditions hygiéniques.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
84. — Denis Papin. Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" xmlns:org="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#"> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042481", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-09-26T20:30:42.481Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-09-26T20:30:42.481Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "5", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "John Westbrook" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042481#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042481#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[4]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Honni. Qui a été couvert de haine et\n d'injures." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042484", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-09-26T20:30:42.484Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-09-26T20:30:42.484Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "5", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "John Westbrook" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042484#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042484#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[5]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": " Génie. Celui qui a des dispositions naturelles\n extraordinaires pour une chose." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042486", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-09-26T20:30:42.486Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-09-26T20:30:42.486Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "5", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "John Westbrook" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042486#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042486#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[5]/note[2]" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "S'expatrier. S'éloigner de sa patrie sans pensée de\n retour." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042489", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-09-26T20:30:42.489Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-09-26T20:30:42.489Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "5", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "John Westbrook" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042489#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042489#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[6]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Corporation. Voir no 15." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042491", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-09-26T20:30:42.491Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-09-26T20:30:42.491Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "5", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "John Westbrook" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042491#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch084.xml?note_annotation_20230926163042491#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[6]/note[2]" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Frénésie. Ardeur pousée à l'extrême." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": 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type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch084"> <pb type="page" n="290" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_290.jpg"/> <head>84. — Denis Papin. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>Louis continua : </p> <p>— La vapeur, qui anime ces navires et les fait glisser sur les eaux comme elle emporte sur terre les trains de chemin de fer, est une des plus puissantes, des plus bienfaisantes forces que l'humanité ait conquises.</p> <p>Il s'arrêta un moment comme à une idée qui venait de lui traverser l'esprit, puis reprit : </p> <p>— Mais les pacifiques conquérants auxquels nous la devons n'ont pas eu le sort des conquérants guerriers qui, d'âge en âge, ravagent <figure> <caption>Navire quittant le port. Nos grandes compagnies maritimes françaises ont leurs points de départ au <placeName key="Le Havre" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q42810">Havre</placeName>, à <placeName key="Saint-Nazaire" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q152027">Saint-Nazaire</placeName>, à <placeName key="Bordeaux" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1479">Bordeaux</placeName> et à <placeName key="Marseille" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q23482">Marseille</placeName>.</caption> </figure> le monde. Ceux-ci, triomphalement assis sur des trônes. voient à leurs pieds les peuples qui les admirent et les applaudissent ; les autres sont honnis*<note type="annotation">Honni. Qui a été couvert de haine et d'injures.</note> , parfois persécutés comme des malfaiteurs. Ce fut la destinée de <persName key="Denis Papin" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q106208" ana="française" role="inventeur">Denis Papin</persName>.</p> <p>Ce génie*<note type="annotation"> Génie. Celui qui a des dispositions naturelles extraordinaires pour une chose.</note> découvre la force de la vapeur et conçoit l'idée d'en faire la grande force motrice. Déjà, son esprit travaille à l'application de son idée. Mais voici la révocation de l'édit de Nantes ! Le roi <persName key="Louis XIV of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7742" ana="française" role="roi">Louis XIV</persName> interdit aux protestants de <persName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142"><placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName></persName> la liberté de leur foi et de leur culte. Plutôt que de ployer leur conscience, des milliers d'entre eux s'expatrient*<note type="annotation">S'expatrier. S'éloigner de sa patrie sans pensée de retour.</note> . <persName key="Denis Papin" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q106208" ana="française" role="inventeur">Papin</persName> est de ce <figure> <caption>L'hélice. Cet appareil, placé à l'arrière des bateaux a vapeur, sert à les faire marcher.</caption> </figure> nombre. Il s'en va en <placeName key="Germany" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q183">Allemagne</placeName>, le cœur navré, mais <pb type="page" n="291" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_291.jpg"/> plein d'une indomptable confiance en sa découverte ; et, de ses derniers écus, il construit un bateau à vapeur qui lui servira de témoignage.</p> <p>Ce bateau, il le lance sur le <placeName key="Weser" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1650">Weser</placeName>. Et alors la corporation*<note type="annotation">Corporation. Voir no 15.</note> des mariniers de ce fleuve, croyant son gagne pain menacé, se rue, dans une frénésie*<note type="annotation">Frénésie. Ardeur pousée à l'extrême.</note> d'ignorance et de sottise, sur le bateau à vapeur et le met en pièces.</p> <p>Son œuvre anéantie, <persName key="Denis Papin" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q106208" ana="française" role="inventeur">Denis Papin</persName>, ruiné, accablé de tristesse, va mourir en <placeName key="England" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21">Angleterre</placeName> dans la solitude et la pauvreté. </p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Qu'est-ce que <persName type="fictif" key="louis">Louis</persName> dit de la vapeur ? </item> <item>— Quelle remarque fit-il sur le sert des hommes auxquels nous devons de grandes découvertes ? </item> <item>— Dans quels termes les compare-t-il aux conquérants ? </item> <item>— Que découvrit <persName key="Denis Papin" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q106208" ana="française" role="inventeur">Papin</persName> ? </item> <item>— Pour quelle cause se réfugia-t-il en <placeName key="Germany" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q183">Allemagne</placeName> ? </item> <item>— Qu'y construisit-il ? </item> <item>— Qu'arriva-t-il à son bateau ? </item> <item>— Où et comment s'acheva la vie de ce grand homme ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head>Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qu'est-ce que la vapeur ? </item> <item>— Son volume comparé à celui de l'eau qui l'a produite. </item> <item>— D'où provient sa force élastique ? </item> <item>— Expliquez comment la vapeur agit sur le piston d'une machine ? </item> <item>— Comment ce mouvement en ligne droite se transforme-t-il en mouvement circulaire ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>On appelle <term>vapeur d'eau</term> de l'eau réduite à l'état gazeux, ordinairement sous l'influence d'une élévation de la température. Elle a un volume 1,700 fois plus considérable que le liquide dont elle provient.</p> <p>Comme tous les gaz, la vapeur d'eau a une force élastique qui tend à lui faire occuper un espace de plus en plus considérable. Elle exerce donc, sur les parois des tubes qui la contiennent, des pressions plus ou moins énergiques.</p> <p>Pour imprimer le mouvement à une machine, on fait arriver alternativement la vapeur à la partie inférieure, puis à la partie supérieure d'un cylindre où se meut un piston. Dans le premier cas, le piston est soulevé ; dans le second, il est refoulé et ramené a sa position primitive ; alors les mêmes actions se reproduisant, on obtient, pour la tige de ce piston, un mouvement de va-et-vient, de haut en bas ou de droite à gauche, et réciproquement.</p> <p>Ce résultat se transforme en mouvement circulaire par une pièce de fer appelée <term>bielle</term>, analogue à la tige de bois qui, dans les rouets de nos mères, faisait exécuter à la roue un mouvement circulaire par le va-et-vient d'une tige que le pied actionnait.</p> </div> </div> <div type="histoire"> <head>Histoire.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qu'entend-on par protestants ? </item> <item>— Que fit-on, au seizième siècle, contre les protestants ? </item> <item>— Qu'en résulta-t-il ? </item> <item>— Citez quelques épisodes des guerres de religion. </item> <item>— Que fit <persName key="Henry IV of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q936976" ana="française" role="roi">Henri IV</persName> ? </item> <item>— Objet de l'édit de Nantes. </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>On entend par <term>protestants</term> les partisans des doctrines de <persName key="Martin Luther" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q9554" ana="allemande" role="réligieux">Luther</persName> et de <persName key="John Calvin" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q37577" ana="suisse" role="réligieux">Calvin</persName>. Ce nom vient de la protestation qu'en 1526 les partisans de <persName key="Martin Luther" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q9554" ana="allemande" role="réligieux">Luther</persName> opposèrent aux résolutions d'une grande assemblée des députés de l'empire d'<placeName key="Germany" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q183">Allemagne</placeName>, réunis à <placeName key="Speyer" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6829">Spire</placeName>.</p> <p>En <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName>, les rois firent tous leurs efforts, de 1520 à 1589, pour <pb type="page" n="292" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_292.jpg"/> arrêter le développement des nouvelles doctrines ; ils eurent recours aux mesures violentes, d'où huit guerres qui couvrirent le royaume de sang et de ruines. On cite, parmi ces événements à jamais regrettables, la destruction des villes et villages habités, en <placeName key="Provence" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q101081">Provence</placeName>, par les Vaudois durant laquelle 3,000 personnes périrent, et le massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy, qui causa la mort de 30,00 protestants.</p> <p><persName key="Henry IV of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q936976" ana="française" role="roi">Henri IV</persName>, qui était né dans la religion protestante et qui se convertit plus tard au catholicisme, fit tous ses efforts pour rétablir la paix religieuse ; par l'<title key="Edict of Nantes" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q179788">édit de Nantes</title> (1598), il accorda le libre exercice du culte réformé dans une partie du midi de la <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName> et dans les châteaux où il plaisait aux seigneurs d'user de cette faveur. Les protestants obtinrent aussi plusieurs places de sûreté, villes fortes dont ils avaient la garde.</p> </div> </div> <div type="industrie"> <head>Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Q'entend-on par un paquebot transatlantique ? </item> <item>— Donnez une idée des dimensions, de la vitesse, de l'utilité de ces bâtiments.</item> <item>— Quelles sont les parties extérieures principales d'un trans-atlantique ? </item> <item>— Quelles en sont les parties intérieures ? </item> <item>— Qu'entend-on par mal de mer ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'une jetée ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'un phare ? </item> <item>— Décrire un phare. </item> <item>— Dangers que courent les gardiens.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Les <term>paquebots transatlantiques</term> sont des navires qui transportent d'<placeName key="Europe" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q46">Europe</placeName> en <placeName key="North America" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q49">Amérique</placeName>, en <placeName key="Asia" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q48">Asie</placeName>, en <placeName key="Africa" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15">Afrique</placeName> et en <placeName key="Oceania" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q55643">Océanie</placeName>, et réciproquement, les voyageurs, les marchandises et les correspondances.</p> <p>Ce sont des bâtiments énormes de 100 à 160 mètres de longueur sur 12 à 15 de profondeur ; leur marche est si rapide qu'ils parcourent, dans les 24 heures, de 600 à 700 kilomètres ; ainsi, l'on va du <placeName key="Le Havre" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q42810">Havre</placeName> à <placeName key="New York City" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q60">New-York</placeName> en 8 jours, et la distance atteint pourtant à 5, 000 kilomêtres. Cette rapidité de transport et le bon marché relatif des frais de navigation sont extrèmement avantageux aux commerçants dont les produits mettaient, il y a trente ans, six semaines pour effectuer le même trajet.</p> <p>Extérieurement, on remarque dans un paquebot le corps du bâtiment, le pont, les cabines, les mâts, le gouvernail, l'ancre, les cheminées de la machine ; à l'intérieur se trouvent les salles, les cabines des voyageurs, de vastes dortoirs, les appartements des officiers, des cuisines, des salles de bains, l'énorme machine à vapeur, et enfin des magasins pour les vivres, les marchandises et les bagages.</p> <p>On entend par <term>mal de mer</term> des troubles d'estomac qui causent de continuels et douloureux vomissements aux passagers des paquebots, durant les premiers jours de la navigation.</p> <p>Une <term>jetée</term> est un amas de matériaux (sable, cailloux, pierres) amoncelés le long du canal qui forme l'entrée d'un port, ordinairement soutenu de pilotis, et destiné à rompre l'impétuosité des vagues.</p> <p>Un <term>phare</term> est une tour construite à l'entrée d'un port ou aux environs, et au sommet de laquelle on tient des feux allumés pendant la nuit pour guider les vaisseaux qui approchent des côtes. Fréquemment ils sont fondés sur des rochers isolés, battus des vagues et qu'on ne peut aborder pendant des semaines entières quand règne la mauvaise saison. L'existence des gardiens y est aussi fatigante que dangereuse ; jour et nuit, ils sont tenus d'entretenir la lampe ou l'appareil électrique qui rayonne sur les flots, heureux quand la fureur des ouragans ne déchaîne pas sur la tour de telles masses d'eau qu'elle est renversée et engloutie à jamais avec ses infortunés habitants.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
73. — La dépèche. Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" xmlns:org="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#"> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml?note_annotation_20231003151913129", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-03T19:19:13.129Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-03T19:19:13.129Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml?note_annotation_20231003151913129#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml?note_annotation_20231003151913129#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Manipulateur. 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Tout ce qui apparait de nouveau dans l'air, dans le ciel ou sur la\n terre." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml?note_annotation_20231003151913136", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-03T19:19:13.136Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-03T19:19:13.136Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml?note_annotation_20231003151913136#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml?note_annotation_20231003151913136#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[3]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Electricité. Cause, force inconnue qui produit la foudre." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml?note_annotation_20231003151913137", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-03T19:19:13.137Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-03T19:19:13.137Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml?note_annotation_20231003151913137#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml?note_annotation_20231003151913137#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[4]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Annihiler. Réduire à rien." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml?note_annotation_20231003151913139", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-03T19:19:13.139Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-03T19:19:13.139Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml?note_annotation_20231003151913139#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch073.xml?note_annotation_20231003151913139#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[5]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Dégingandé. 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On entra ; on remit à l'employé la dépêche pour <persName type="fictif" key="mme_richard">Mme Richard</persName>. A peine avait-on dépassé le seuil que le manipulateur*<note type="annotation">Manipulateur. Appareil pour transmettre les dépêches télégraphiques.</note> commençait sa batterie<note type="annotation">Batterie. Succession de petits coups frappés sur un timbre ou sur une pièce différente de métal.</note> ; la dépèche partait. Le manipulateur se tut : elle était partie, arrivée !</p> <p>Au siècle dernier, dans une ville d'<placeName key="United States of America" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q30">Amérique</placeName>, à <placeName key="Boston" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q100">Boston</placeName>, un jour d'orage, un enfant joue au cerf-volant ; il a attaché une clé à la queue de ce cerf-volant, trop léger et qu'il faut alourdir. Une petite étincelle lumineuse brille tout à coup sur la clé, à la vive curiosité du garçon, très frappé de ce phénomène*<note type="annotation">Phénomène. Tout ce qui apparait de nouveau dans l'air, dans le ciel ou sur la terre.</note> </p> <figure> <caption>L'ancien télégraphe. — Nous sommes loin de ces machines de bois à longs bras, qui, de clocher en clocher, d'un bout de la <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName> à l'autre, s'envoyaient des signaux. Le télégraphe électrique et, depuis peu, le téléphone sont d'admirables découvertes qui nous permettent d'échanger nos idées et mème une conversation avec les habitants de toutes les parties du monde. </caption> </figure> <pb type="page" n="252" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_252.jpg"/> <fw/> <p>L'enfant devint le grand <persName key="Benjamin Franklin" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q34969" ana="américaine" role="savant">Franklin</persName> ; la petite étincelle est devenue la grande électricité*<note type="annotation">Electricité. Cause, force inconnue qui produit la foudre.</note> avec ses nombreuses applications qui ont déjà changé et changeront encore plus la face de la terre.</p> <p>La foudre, la terrible force destructrice devant laquelle les premiers hommes, terrifiés, se prosternaient, l'homme d'aujourd'hui s'en empare, l'annihile*<note type="annotation">Annihiler. Réduire à rien.</note> par le paratonnerre de <persName key="Benjamin Franklin" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q34969" ana="américaine" role="savant">Franklin</persName> ou la maîtrise, lui fait porter sa parole et ses commandements jusqu'au bout de l'uni-<figure> <caption> Le paratonnerre. La lige d'un paratonnerre varie de trois à cinq metres; elle est terminée en haut par une pointe de platine. Une barre en métal, servant de conducteur, est soudée à la tige et descend, en suivant le toit et les murs de l'édifice, soit dans un puits, soit dans un trou profond. Un paratonnerre en mauvais état peut amener des accidents nombreux.</caption> </figure> <figure> <caption>Les phares sont dressés sur un cap, sur un point éminent d'une côte, ou sur la jetée d'un port. Une lanterne qui se trouve à leur extrémité est allumée pendant la nuit, et ce feu, connu des navires, les guide au milieu de l'obscurité.</caption> </figure> vers, comme il s'en éclaire contre la nuit ; et quelles autres merveilles n'en tirera-t-il pas demain !</p> <p>— Qui, dit <persName type="fictif" key="sylvain">Sylvain</persName>, nous sommes loin des feux allumés sur les montagnes pour les communications que les hommes avaient à se faire. Nous sommes loin aussi de ces machines de bois à longs bras, qui, de clocher en clocher, d'un bout à l'autre de la France, se faisaient des gestes dégingandés*<note type="annotation">Dégingandé. Se dit d'une personne dont la contenance et la démarche sont mal assurées.</note>.</p> <p>M. <persName type="fictif" key="pascal">Pascal</persName>, qui, malgré son petit désastre de la veille, n'engendrait pas la mélancolie et trouvait généralement <pb type="page" n="253" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_253.jpg"/>dans son excellente mémoire quelque bonne chose à répondre, se mit à chanter :</p> <lg> <l>« Que fais-tu, mon vieux télégraphe,</l> <l>Au sommet de ton vieux clocher...</l> <l>Sérieux comme une épitaphe, </l> <l>Immobile comme un rocher ?... »</l> <l>(<persName key="Gustave Nadaud" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3121274" ana="française" role="compositeur">G. NADAUD</persName>.)</l> </lg> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Que remit-on au telegraphe ? </item> <item>— Quel était l'objet de la dépêche ? </item> <item>— Qui fut mis immédiatement en mouvement ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que <placeName key="Boston" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q100">Boston</placeName> ? </item> <item>— Quel phenomène y observa, au siecle dernier, un enfant qui jouait au cerf-volant ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'un cerf-volant ? </item> <item>— Comment cet enfant se nommait-il ? </item> <item>— Qu'ont déjà fait les applications de l'electricité ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui maitrise la foudre ? </item> <item>— Donnez des détails sur le paratonnerre. </item> <item>— Qu'ont rela lacé la lumiere électrique et le telégraphe électrique ? </item> <item>— Répétez le fragment de chanson que fredonna <persName type="fictif" key="pascal">Pascal</persName>.</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head type="sujets">Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Quelle propriété donne-t-on à un bâton de cire ou de soufre en le frottant ;</item> <item>— à un bâton de verre ? </item> <item>— Quelle est la cause de ces phénomènes ? </item> <item>— Où se forme naturellement l'électricité ? </item> <item>— Que produit-elle dans l'atmosphere ? </item> <item>— Dangers que présente la chute de la foudre. </item> <item>— Comment s'en préserve t-on ? </item> <item>— Faut-il rester sous les arbres pendant l'orage ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Lorsqu'on frotte, avec un morceau de drap ou une peau de chat, certaines substances telles que la cire à cacheter, la résine, le soufre, le verre, la soie, elles acquierent la propriété d'attirer les corps lègers, comme les barbes de plume, les brins de paille.</p> <p>La cause de ces phénomènes est due à une force, l'électricité, dont la présence se manifeste soit par des attractions semblables à celles dont nous venons de parler, soit par des apparences lumineuses ou des commotions (1) violentes.</p> <p>On a remarqué que si l'on présente une balle faite de moelle de sureau, et suspendue à un fil, à un tube de verre frotté sur un morceau de drap, elle est d'abord attirée, puis repoussée apres le contact. Mais si l'on approche de la balle de sureau que vient de toucher le tube de verre, un bâton de résine frotté également à la peau de chat, celui-ci attire vivement la balle. Il y a donc deux sortes d'électricités.</p> <p>L'électricité se forme naturellement dans les nuages par le frottement des bulles de vapeur ; elle produit dans l'atmosphère des phénomènes lumineux connus sous le nom d'éclairs, à la suite desquels l'air, violemment ébranlé, produit un bruit éclatant que les couches nuageuses répètent à la façon de l'écho, en forme de roulement : c'est le tonnerre.</p> <p>Quand l'électricité des nuages attire celle qui se produit à la surface de la terre, elles se combinent parfois; alors il y a production d'un éclair avec des effets extraordinaires. Si une personne se trouve sur le passage du fluide électrique, elle est frappée d'une telle commotion qu'elle perd ordinairement la vie ; les arbres sont brisés ; les maisons, renversées ou incendiées.</p> <fw type="footer">(1) Commotion, secousse brusque, agitation extrème.</fw> <fw type="footer">SUZETTE (Maitresse). <fw type="sig">18</fw></fw> <pb type="page" n="254" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_254.jpg"/> <p>On prèserve les édifices de la chute de la foudre en fixant un paratonnerre (Voir page 155, Livre de l'élève) sur le point le plus élevé. Les hommes s'en garantissent en évitant, pendant les orages, de s'abriter sous des arbres ou de se tenir dans un courant d'air. Les arbres jouissent, en effet, de la propriété d'attirer le fluide électrique.</p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="industrie" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujind_073"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Indiquer comment est construit et fixé un paratonnerre.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>(Voir, page 155, Livre de l'élève, la légende du dessin d'un paratonnerre.</p> </div> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>LE TÉLÉGRAPHE ÉLECTRIQUE.</item> <item>— Que voit-on dans un bureau télégraphique et quel est l'objet de ces appareils ?</item> <item>— D'où provient le fluide élecirique (qu'on y emploie) ? </item> <item>— Comment le transmet-on de bureau à bureau ? </item> <item>— Que savez-vous de sla vitesse de ce fluide ? </item> <item>— Que fait-il agir au bureau d'arrivée ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Dans un bureau télégraphique, on voit, sur une table, un instrument nommé <term>récepteur</term>, dans lequel l'électricité fait agir un poinçon qui sert à écrire les signaux sur une longue bande de fort papier enroulée autour d'un tambour, et qui vient s'engager entre deux rouleaux de cuivre.</p> <p>A côté est un autre appareil, le <term>manipulateur</term>, composé d'une petite planchette de bois servant de support à un levier de métal, qui est mobile par son milieu et frappe un bouton lorsque, au moyen de touches, on le met en communication avec les fils qui transmettent l'électricité de bureau à bureau.</p> <p>Le fluide électrique qui circule dans les fils, provient d'appareils appelés <term>piles</term>, où il se développe au contact d'acides avec des leuilles de zinc et de cuivre.</p> <p>On le transmet de bureau à bureau au moyen de fils de fer soutenus, de distance en distance, par des poteaux. Il se meut avec une vitesse telle qu'il lui faut moins d'une seconde pour effectuer le tour de la tèrre, et, lorsqu'il arrive au bureau, il actionne le levier qui fait marquer au poinçon les signes convenus sur la bande de papier dont il a été précédemment question.</p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="instruction_civique" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujins_073"> <head type="sujets">Éclairage électrique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Combien de sortes d'électricités ? </item> <item>— A quoi tendent-elles ? </item> <item>— Si l'on rapproche deux bâtons de charbon ou deux tiges de métal en communication avec deux sources différentes d'électricité, que se produit-il ?</item> <item>— Comment est la lumière ainsi obtenue ? </item> <item>— S'en sert-on, et où ? </item> <item>— Quels en sont les avantages et les inconvénients ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Il existe deux sortes d'électricités et elles tendent sans cesse à se combiner. Si donc on rapproche doux bâtons de charbon de houille ou deux tiges métalliques en contact avec deux piles donnant des électricités diffèrentes, il se produit une flamme brillante à l'extrémité de chaque charbon ou de chaque tige, et, lorsqu'elles se rejoignent, une lumière éblouissante en résulte.</p> <p>Dans l'air, cette lumière est blanche avec un éclat scintillant qui fatigue la vue. Aussi ne peut-on s'en servir que dans les lieux où il s'agit d'éclairer de grandes surfaces ; telles sont les rues, les places publiques, les gares, les ateliers. Elle a une puissance presque égale à celle du soleil, c'est-à-dire beaucoup plus grande que celle produite par les bougies et les lampes ; mais comme nous l'avons dit, elle agit d'une manière fâcheuse sur la vue, et elle scintille de telle façon qu'elle ne peut être utilisée pour les travaux délicats, Il est infiniment probable qu'on parviendra bientôt à faire disparaître ces graves inconvénients.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
70. — Heureux foyer. 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Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" xmlns:org="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#"> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch070.xml?note_annotation_20231001231421923", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-02T03:14:21.923Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-02T03:14:21.923Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch070.xml?note_annotation_20231001231421923#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch070.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch070.xml?note_annotation_20231001231421923#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[3]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Préjugé. 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facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_242.jpg"/> <head>70. — Heureux foyer. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>L'air était piquant, le temps sec, un de ces temps d'hiver où la marche est crépitante, gaie comme une chanson. Les pentes des talus étincelaient d'un givre blanc qui tenait bon sous le soleil. Parfois, à l'approche des marcheurs, partaient d'un buisson des frou-frous d'ailes. C'était un moineau, une mésange, un rouge-gorge ou un mignon roitelet ; des vols de corbeaux traversaient le ciel.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName>, <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> et le cousin <persName type="fictif" key="pascal">Pascal</persName> entre eux deux marchaient <figure> <caption>Le corbeau. Ce gros oiseau carnassier a un plumage extrèmement noir.</caption> </figure> devant. <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName>, à qui la gelée donnait du loisir, et <persName type="fictif" key="sylvain">Sylvain</persName> fermaient la marche avec <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName>. Le père ayant justement, ce jour-là, affaire au <placeName key="Le Catelet" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q596175">Catelet</placeName>, accompagnait la troupe. Il avait retenu <persName type="fictif" key="sylvain">Sylvain</persName> dont l'air lui revenait, et qui, d'ailleurs, parlait sol et charrue en ouvrier.</p> <p>On causait. <persName type="fictif" key="sylvain">Sylvain</persName> disait juste, montrait un cœur simple et même doux, qu'on n'eût pas trop attendu de l'expression légèrement farouche de son visage et du plissement de ses sourcils. Il avait la fierté un peu méfiante du pauvre être solitaire qui s'est meurtri au préjugé*<note type="annotation">Préjugé. Opinion, manière de voir adoptée sans examen.</note>, à la sottise de quelques rencontres, aussi dures que le caillou des chemins.</p> <p>Mais ici, la bonhomie, la bienveillance des amis nouveaux l'attendrissaient, et encore plus le sentiment de la vie de famille qui se dégageait d'eux. </p> <p>Oui, cette bonne, cette fortifiante communauté de tendresse, de confiance, de soutien, de joie et de peine, voilà ce qui lui avait manqué à lui, et ce qui devrait ne manquer à personne !</p> <pb type="page" n="243" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_243.jpg"/> <p>Sur le haut de la colline, il s'arréta pour regarder le village de <placeName>Fragicourt</placeName> se profillant*<note type="annotation">Profiler. Représenter de profil ; — se dessiner au loin par une ligne qui se détache sur un fond quelconque.</note> en courbe gracieuse à l'horizon, et, tout au bas, nichée dans la blancheur givrée des arbres, la ferme qu'on venait de quitter : </p> <p>—Les heureux, dit-il en la montrant, les heureux sont <figure> <caption>Le travailleur des champs se dit : Pendant que je peine ici, on m'attend là-bas, on pense à moi, une main maternelle me prépare la bienvenue.</caption> </figure> les hôtes d'un foyer pareil ! Sous la neige d'hiver, sous les pluies d'automne, sous les morsures du soleil d'août, le travailleur des champs se dit : Pendant que je peine ici, on m'attend là-bas, on pense à moi, une main maternelle me prépare la bienvenue ce soir, au retour !</p> <p>Les yeux mouillés, il se détourna et reprit sa marche.</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Quel temps faisait-il au départ pour le <placeName key="Le Catelet" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q596175">Câtalet</placeName><note>Originally in text: Cateau</note> ?</item> <item>— Parlez de l'aspect de la campagne et des oiseaux qu'apercevait la petite troupe de voyageurs.</item> <item>— En quel ordre marchaient-ils ? </item> <item>— Pourquoi <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> avait-il retenu <persName type="fictif" key="sylvain">Sylvain</persName> auprès de lui ? </item> <item>— Sous quel nouvel aspect se présentait le jeune homme ?</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui l'attendrissait ?</item> <item>— Où s'est-il arrêté ? </item> <item>— Que dit-il en regardant la ferme de la <orgName>famille Dumay</orgName> ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="morale" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujmor_070"> <head type="sujets">Morale.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Que doit-on faire lorsqu'on voit commettre une bonne action ; — une mauvaise action ? </item> <item>— Que signifie cette expression : avoir une opinion ? </item> <item>— Que pense-t-on de celles qui n'osent dire leur avis sur ce qu'ils entendent ou voient faire ?</item> <item>— Comment faut-il <pb type="page" n="244" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_244.jpg"/> soutenir et défendre son opinion ? </item> <item>— Devons-nous être blessés de ce que d'autres ont des opinions différentes des nôtres ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Lorsqu'on verra commettre une bonne action, on témoignera soit par ses paroles, soit par l'expression de son visage, toute la satisfaction qu'elle nous cause. Si l'on est témoin d'une mauvaise action, il ne faut pas hésiter à dire son sentiment ou, tout au moins, à marquer par son attitude la peine et l'indignation que nous ressentons.</p> <p><term>Avoir une opinion</term>, c'est savoir à quoi s'en tenir sur les personnes, les événements et les choses ; les opinions sont libres, d'où la nécessité de chercher à s'en faire une sur tout ce qui nous touche à un titre quelconque.</p> <p>Celles qui n'osent dire, quand on les en sollicite, leur avis sur ce qu'elles entendent ou sur ce qu'elles voient faire, laissent à penser qu'elles ont une timidité excessive, ou plutôt une faiblesse d'esprit qui les empêche de discerner ce qui est bien ou mal, louable ou blâmable. Rien ne nous attire davantage l'estime des autres que le courage à dire son opinion quand on l'a formée après mûre réflexion et dans un véritable esprit de justice et de désinteressement.</p> <p>Comme l'exposé de nos opinions peut être en contradiction avec celles d'autrui, il faut s'exprimer avec modération, sang-froid, et en attestant de son désir de ne blesser en rien ceux qui pensent autrement que nous. On sera particulièrement discret et attentif si l'opinion qu'on soutient soi-même est en opposition avec celle de personnes plus âgées que nous.</p> <p>Puisque les opinions sont libres, c'est faire preuve d'un esprit étroit et d'un mauvais caractère que de se montrer froissé quand les autres formulent des opinions contraires aux nôtres ; on n'est pas tenu de les applaudir ; on peut les combattre ou protester ; n'est-ce pas suffisant ? Et, d'ailleurs, il n'est pire moyen pour arriver à ramener à notre avis ceux qui pensent autrement.</p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="sciences_naturelles" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujnat_070"> <head type="sujets">Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Que deviennent les vapeurs d'eau contenues dans l'atmosphère ?</item> <item>— Où se condensent-elles par les fraiches matinées de la belle saison ? </item> <item>— Que produisant-elles ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que le givre ?</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que la pluie ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Les vapeurs d’eau contenues dans l'atmosphère s'élèvent dans les régions supérieures où elles s'accumulent en masses considérables connues sous le nom de nuages. Cependant il en reste encore une quantité notable dans l'air, surtout quand le vent régnant provient de la mer.</p> <p>Pendant les belles nuits et les fraîches matinées du printemps ou de l'automne, la température de la couche d'air voisine du sol s'abaisse à un tel point que la vapeur d’eau, dont nous avons parlé, se congèle ; elle se dépose à la surface du sol et sur les plantes ; on dit alors qu'il y a <term>gelée blanche</term>.</p> <p>Le <term>givre</term> est une légère couche de glace qui se forme en hiver, sous la forme d'aiguilles très fines, non seulement sur les plantes, mais encore sur les troncs et les rameaux des arbres ; elle est produite par la congélation des vapeurs humides d'un vent chaud qui souffle brusquement aussitôt après une période de froid vif.</p> <p>La <term>pluie</term> est l'eau qui tombe des nuages sur la terre à la suite de la condensation des vapeurs qui se sont élevées dans les hautes régions de l'atmosphère.</p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="géographie" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujgeo_070"> <head type="sujets">Géographie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Comment nous apparaissent le ciel et l'espace qui nous environne, vus du sommet d'une hauteur ?</item> <item>— Quelle est la forme de la terre ? </item> <item>— Comment les éclipses, le spectacle de la mer, <pb type="page" n="245" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_245.jpg"/> les voyages autour du globe prouvent-ils que la terre est ronde ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Si, du haut d'une colline isolée ou d'un édifice dominant, on considère ce qui nous entoure, le ciel apparaît sous la forme d'une voûte circulaire dont le point le plus élevé se trouve au -dessus de nos têtes. Autour de nous, les plaines, les vallées, le paysage, en un mot, semble entouré d'un cercle dont les dernières limites sont fixées par la portée de nos regards. Or on a constaté qu'un tel phénomène ne peut se produire que si l'on est placé sur un corps rond. </p> <p>On a été amené alnsi à croire que la terre est une boule immense, comme le sont d'ailleurs le soleil, la lune et les autres astres qui circulent dans le ciel.</p> <p>Plusieurs preuves le démontrent :</p> <p>1° Pendant les éclipses de lune, l'image de la terre se produit sur cet astre ; or cette image est parfaitement circulaire.</p> <p>2° Si l'on se trouve sur le bord de la mer, au lieu d'apercevoir au lointain le corps des navires qui en est la partie la plus apparente, on voit d'abord la pointe des mâts, comme si elle émergeait des flots, puis les voiles, enfin le navire lui-même. Une telle particularité ne peut se manifester que sur la surface courbe d'un corps sphérique.</p> <p>3° On voit continuellement des navires qui, se dirigeant toujours vers le même point de l'horizon, l'est ou l'ouest, par exemple, finissent par se retrouver au point de départ ; ce phénomène ne pouvant avoir lieu que sur une boule, on on a déduit avec raison que la terre est un globe immense.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
63. — Le simoun. 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Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" 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"dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Faire entendre un léger murmure." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch063"> <pb type="page" n="219" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_219.jpg"/> <head>63. — Le simoun. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>— A toute bride, le cœur inondé de joie, nous courons à ces délices.</p> <p>Mais à mesure que nous avançons, les sources, la verdure s'éloignent. Nous courons encore; elles fuient plus loin !... Hélas ! c'était un mirage, le mensonge du désert, où l'atmosphère surchauffée réfléchit, comme en un vaste miroir, l'image d'un objet lointain.</p> <p>Le beau rêve s'est perdu derrière les nuages à l'horizon. Mais les tortures*<note type="annotation">Souffrances très vives.</note> du <placeName key="Sahara" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6583">Sahara</placeName> se suivent. En voici une autre, la plus terrible, qui accourt. La chaleur est devenue effroyable, il s'élève un vent de fournaise. Des rafales*<note type="annotation">Coup du vent violent.</note> furieuses soulèvent le sable en tourbillons affolés*<note type="annotation">Qui s'élève et se déplace dans toutes les directions.</note> qui nous enveloppent, nous aveuglent, nous brûlent. Les vagues tumultueuses de l'Océan en tempête sont moins enragées que ces flots de sable. Toute la caravane, gens et bêtes, est renversée. Couchés à terre, nous y passons plusieurs heures, mourants.</p> <figure> <caption>Toute la caravane, gens et bêtes, est renversée.</caption> </figure> <p> Enfin le simoun s'apaise ; on se redresse, on se tâte, on se compte : un homme a péri ; deux chameaux, morts aussi. Adieu ! on les laisse là où leurs os blanchiront... </p> <p>En voilà d'autres plus loin, perçant le sable. Les ossements servent de signes indicateurs en ce pays de désolation ; ils nous apprennent que nous sommes bien sur la route des caravanes. </p> <pb type="page" n="220" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_220.jpg"/> <p>Et voici l'oasis ! la réelle oasis qui se dessine enfin à l'horizon ! D'un dernier effort nous l'atteignons. C'est un bouquet de palmiers ; deux sources susurrent*<note type="annotation">Faire entendre un léger murmure.</note> doucement sous des gazons fleuris. Nous buvons longuement, nous nous baignons ; c'est la résurrection ! c'est la vie !</p> <p> La caravane prend là vingt-quatre heures de repos ; elle les avait bien gagnées !... </p> <p>L'explorateur poussa de larges soupirs de satisfaction, but un nouveau verre de bière, comme pour se rendre son plaisir plus présent, puis reprit : </p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Quel phénomène se produisait à mesure que les voyageurs avançaient vers le lieu où des sources apparaissaient ? </item> <item>— Décrivez la tempête de sable. </item> <item>— Quelles avaient été les conséquences du simoun ? </item> <item> — Quels lugubres objets se voient sur la route des caravanes ? </item> <item>— Décrivez l'oasis et le bonheur qu'éprouvèrent les gens de la caravane. </item> <item>— Que fit <persName type="fictif" key="pascal">Pascal</persName> après avoir achevé son récit ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head>Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— LA CHALEUR. </item> <item>— Sources de la chaleur.</item> <item> — Prouvez, par des exemples, que la chaleur augmente le volume des gaz, des liquides, des métaux. </item> <item>— Quand dit-on qu'un métal est en fusion ?</item> <item>— Quand dit-on qu'un corps brûle ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>La <term>chaleur</term> est la sensation que l'on éprouve en passant dans un lieu ou en touchant un objet dont la température est supérieure à celle de notre corps. Les principales sources de ce phénemène sont : le soleil, la terre dont l'intérieur est brûlant, la combustion des corps, autrement dit, le feu.</p> <p>Un des effets les plus connus de la chaleur est l'augmentation de volume, ou <term>dilatation</term>, qu'éprouvent les corps à mesure qu'ils s'échauffent. Ainsi, l'eau froide qui emplit un vase, déborde peu après que ce vase a été placé sur le feu ; une vessie à demi pleine d'air et soigneusement ficelée à l'ouverture, se gonfle entièrement dès qu'elle a séjourné auprès d'un foyer ; les rails des chemins de fer, séparés les uns des autres en hiver, se touchent en été, etc., etc.</p> <p>La chaleur écarte les petites parties, ou molécules, qui constituent les corps ; lorsque ces molécules ne sont plus adhérentes, elles roulent les unes sur les autres si l'on a mis le corps sur une pente. On dit alors qu'il y a <term>fusion</term>. L'eau est de la glace en fusion ; le mercure nous apparaît à l'état de fusion.</p> <p>Un corps <term>brûle</term> lorsque, étant enflammé, il se décompose de telle sorte qu'il ne lui reste plus rien de son apparence première. Le bois, après avoir brûlé, donne un résidu, les cendres, où rien ne nous rappelle la constitution du corps qui les a produites.</p> </div> </div> <div type="industrie"> <head>Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Quelles applications les charrons et les forgerons font-ils de la propriété qu'ont les métaux de se dilater par l'effet de la chaleur ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Les charrons font rougir les bandes de fer qui entourent les roues au moment où ils les fixent ; en se refroidissant, ces bandes diminuent. de longueur et resserrent fortement les parties du contour de la roue. </p> <pb type="page" n="221" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_221.jpg"/> <p>Les grilles des fourneaux ne doivent pas être encastrées trop juste à leurs extrémités, mais libres au moins à l'une ; sinon elles se tordent ou arrachent les pierres du foyer en se dilatant. Lorsqu'on chauffe trop brusquement un vase de verre, il éclate, parce que le verre conduisant mal la chaleur, les parois se dilatent inégalement et une rupture se produit.</p> </div> </div> <div type="complexe"> <head>Agriculture et Horticulture.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Quels sont les effets de la chaleur et de l'humidité sur les graines, sur les plantes et sur les fruits ?</item> <item>— Quel est l'objet des couches, des serres ? </item> <item>— Pourquoi les fruits en espalier mûrissent-ils avant les autres ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>La chaleur et l'humidité sont extrêmement favorables au développement de la végétation ; les régions chaudes et humides du globe, telles que les tropiques, présentent une multitude de plantes et d'arbres qui naissent, croissent et portent des fruits dans un espace de temps d'une durée très restreinte. Sous cette influence, et dans nos climats, les graines germent, les plantes prennent leur accroissement et les fruits arrivent à maturité.</p> <p>Comme le printemps est souvent tardif, froid et sec, on a imaginé de produire dans le sol une chaleur artificielle en disposant du fumier frais sous un lit de terre peu épais ; on obtient alors une couche sur laquelle on sème les graines, en vue de repiquer ensuite les plantes auxquelles elles donneront naissance. En recouvrant la couche d'un châssis vitré, on concentre la chaleur du soleil et, par suite, on active la végétation.</p> <p>Les <term>serres</term> sont des lieux clos, fermés de châssis dans la partie qui reçoit les rayons lumineux. Les jardiniers les chauffent en hiver pour y maintenir une température douce et égale, ce qui permet d'y conserver les plantes étrangères auxquelles serait fatale la température de notre saison rigoureuse.</p> <p>Les <term>fruits en espalier</term> mûrissent plus tôt que les autres, parce que le mur auquel ils sont adossés empêche la déperdition de la chaleur solaire. Les meilleurs chasselas proviennent des espaliers.</p> </div> </div> <div type="hygiène"> <head>Hygiène.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Quels fâcheux effets produit une chaleur excessive et prolongée sur le corps humain ? </item> <item>— Quels inconvénients y a-t-il à aller au-tète au soleil ? </item> <item>— Quels vêtements adopterons-nous en été ?</item> <item>— Que survient-il lorsque, ayant très chaud, on s'expose à un courant d'air froid ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>L'exposition du corps à une chaleur excessive, telle, par exemple, que celle des rayons d'un soleil ardent, détermine des accidents plus ou moins graves : congestions au cérveau et méningites ; on a vu des moissonneurs tomber morts subitement par suite de l'action des rayons solaires.</p> <p>Les enfants ne devront jamais rester nu-tête au soleil, surtout au printemps ; ils y gagneraient un érysipèle, vulgairement appelé <term>coup de soleil</term>, dont les effets ne se limitent pas toujours à la peau directement atteinte, mais se communiquent souvent au cerveau. Pendant la saison chaude, ils ne sortiront pas sans être munis d'un chapeau de paille.</p> <p>Les vêtements qui conviennent le mieux en été seront en étoffe légère, larges et flottants, ne comprimant aucune partie du corps. Les personnes délicates se trouveront bien de porter de la flanelle, à la condition d'en changer souvent, car elle s'infecte au contact du corps.</p> <p>Lorsqu’on s'expose brusquement à un courant d'air froid, en état de transpiration, il y a arrêt brusque dans la sécrétion de la sueur. Il en résulte des rhumes fort graves et parfois des fièvres mortelles. Un coup de fusil, a-t-on dit, est moins dangereux qu'un courant d'air.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
