Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/heresies/main/CSS/heresies_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title>Ten Ways to Look at a Flower</title> <author>Barbara Novak</author> <respStmt> <persName>Eowyn Andres</persName> <resp>Editor (2024-Present)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Haley Beardsley</persName> <resp>Editor (2021-2024)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Lyndon Beier</persName> <resp>Editor (2023-Present)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Erica Delsandro</persName> <resp>Investigator, editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Mia DeRoco</persName> <resp>Editor (2023-Present)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Margaret Hunter</persName> <resp>Editor (2021-2024)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <resp>Invesigator, encoder</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sophie McQuaide</persName> <resp>Editor (2021-2023)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Olivia Martin</persName> <resp>Editor, encoder (2021)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Zoha Nadeer</persName> <resp>Editor (2022-2023)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Bri Perea</persName> <resp>Editor (2022-2023)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Carrie Pirmann</persName> <resp>HTR editor, encoder (2023-Present)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Ricky Rodriguez</persName> <resp>Editor (2022-2023)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Roger Rothman</persName> <resp>Investigator, editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Valeria Riley</persName> <resp>Editor (2024-Present)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Kaitlyn Segreti</persName> <resp>Editor (2021-Present)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Maggie Smith</persName> <resp>Editor (2021-2024)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Maya Wadhwa</persName> <resp>Editor (2021-2023)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Kelly Troop</persName> <resp>Editor (2023-Present)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Lucy Wadswoth</persName> <resp>Editor (2022-Present)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Anna Marie Wingard</persName> <resp>Editor (2023-Present)</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Olivia Wychock</persName> <resp>Graduate Editor (2024-Present)</resp> </respStmt> <funder>Bucknell University Humanities Center</funder> <funder>Bucknell University Office of Undergraduate Research</funder> <funder>The Mellon Foundation</funder> <funder>National Endowment for the Humanities</funder> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor> <name>Bucknell University</name> <address> <street>One Dent Drive</street> <settlement>Lewisburg</settlement> <region>Pennsylvania</region> <postCode>17837</postCode> </address> </distributor> <availability> <licence>Bucknell Heresies Project: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)</licence> <licence>Heresies journal: © Heresies Collective</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <analytic> <title>[ISSUE TITLE]</title> </analytic> <monogr> <imprint> <publisher>HERESIES: A Feminist Publication on Art and Politics</publisher> <pubPlace> <address> <name>Heresies</name> <postBox>P.O. 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</rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData></teiHeader> <text> <body> <pb cert="high" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/heresies/refs/heads/main/issue04/images/Heresies_04_050.jpg" generatedBy="human" xml:space="default" n="47"/> <div type="essay"> <head>Ten Ways to Look at a Flower</head> <byline><persName key="Barbara Novak" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q18934864">Barbara Novak</persName></byline> <div> <p> It was a time when women were flowers, and painted flowers, that is, flowers painted themselves, and they smelled good and talked a special language. Flowers and women were equal under sexist law. Women and flowers and paintings of flowers—so intererchangeable and interrelated. But no one has yet spoken of flower liberation. </p> </div> <div> <p> "One of the most delightful accomplishments that can be chosen for the fair sex is that of catching the transient shades of beauty which are found upon flowers, and fixing them on paper. The able pencil shows to us the queen of spring with her spherical form, her delicate colours, the beautiful green of her foliage, the thorns which protect her, the dew-drops which bathe her, and the butterfly which skims lightly over her beautiful form." –<persName key="Frances Sargent Osgood" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2671428">Mrs. Frances S. Osgood</persName>, <title cert="high" generatedBy="human" level="m" xml:space="default">Flowers of Poetry</title>, 1841 </p> </div> <div> <p> "To the youth of America... May it inspire our Young Ladies to cultivate those virtues. which can be truly represented by the fairest flowers." <persName key="Sarah Josepha Hale" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q430639">Mrs. Sarah Josepha Hale</persName>, Dedication, <title cert="high" generatedBy="human" level="m" xml:space="default">Flora’s Interpreter</title>, 1834 </p> </div> <div> <p> "<persName key="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5879">Goethe</persName>'s <lang>Urpflanze</lang>* was not a sexist concept." —Anonymous *Goethe's <lang>Urpflanze</lang> was a "primal-plant" or archetype that he conceived, inspired by a sixteenth-century palm he encountered in Padua's botanical garden. </p> </div> <div> <head>Gentlemen Flower Painters</head> <table> <row><cell><persName key="Martin Johnson Heade" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3123472">Heade</persName></cell> <cell><persName key="Odilon Redon" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q154349">Redon</persName></cell> </row> <row> <cell><persName key="Claude Monet" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q296">Monet</persName></cell> <cell><persName key="Charles Demuth" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q380494">Demuth</persName></cell> </row> <row> <cell><persName key="Henri Fantin-Latour" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q310715">Fantin-Latour</persName></cell> <cell><persName key="Charles Sheeler" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q624868">Sheeler</persName></cell> </row> </table> </div> <div> <p> ".. another flower, the human sister of those vegetable ones, as beautiful as they, more beautiful than the richest of them,... still to be touched only with a glove, and not to be approached without a mask." —<persName key="Nathaniel Hawthorne" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q69339">Nathaniel Hawthorne</persName>, "Rappaccini’s Daughter," 1844 </p> </div> <div> <p> <persName key="Georgia O'Keeffe" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q46408">O’Keeffe</persName> on O’Keeffe: "When you took time to really notice my flower you hung all your own associations with flowers on my flower and you write about my flower as if I think and see what you think and see of the flower and I don't." </p> </div> <div> <p> “All flowers have a uniform function, the reproduction of the species through the production of seed.... Stamens and pistils are not present together in all flowers. When both are present, the flower is said to be perfect or bisexual. All complete flowers are obviously also perfect. When only one kind of essential organ is present, the flower is termed imperfect, or unisexual.... When the same plant bears unisexual flowers of both sexes, it is said to be monoecious: when the male and female flowers are on different plants, the plant is dioecious.... When there are male, female and bisexual flowers on the same plant, the plant is termed polygamous." —Encyclopedia Britannica, 1967 </p> </div> <div> <p> "Sensitive Plant... Chastity "This singular plant is so named from its motions imitating the sensibility of animal life. It contracts itself in the evening and expands with the morning light, and shrinks from external violence, folding up its leaves at the mere approach of one's hand. The Violet is the emblem of that retiring modesty which proceeds from reflection, but the Sensitive Plant is a perfect image of innocence and virgin modesty, the result of instinct." <persName key="Dumont, Henrietta" ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/31605641/">Henrietta Dumont</persName>, <title cert="high" generatedBy="human" level="m" xml:space="default">The Language of Flowers</title>, 1856 </p> </div> <div> <p> The exhibiition records of the later nineteenth century list literally hundreds of women practitioners of still-life painting, and particularly of flower painting; it would be meaningless to mention them all, especially since practically nothing is known about most of them ... A mysterious <persName>Miss L. Whitcomb</persName> was mentioned in the late 1870's as the finest lady flower painter in the country." <persName key="Gerdts, William H." ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2579054">Gerdts</persName> and <persName key="Burke, Russell 1953-" ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/45862553/">Burke</persName>, <title key="Gerdts, William H. | American still-life painting" ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/178589400/" level="m">American Still-Life Painting</title>, 1971 </p> </div> <div> <head>Lady Flower Painters</head> <list> <item><persName>Mary Catherine O’Keeffe</persName> (Georgia’s grandmother) </item> <item><persName key="Sophia Hawthorne" ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3490819">Sophia Peabody</persName> (<persName key="Nathaniel Hawthorne" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q69339">Hawthorne’s</persName> wife)</item> <item><persName key="Homer, Henrietta Maria Benson" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q42808889">Henrietta Maria Benson Homer</persName> (<persName key="Winslow Homer" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q344838">Homer's</persName> mother)</item> <item><persName key="Dewing, Maria Oakey" ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2776789">Maria Oakey Dewing</persName> (<persName key="Dewing, Thomas Wilmer" ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378807">Thomas's</persName> wife) </item> <item><persName key="Hopper, Josephine" ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3185911">Jo Hopper</persName> (<persName key="Edward Hopper" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q203401">Edward's</persName> wife)</item> <item><persName key="Georgia O'Keeffe" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q46408">Georgia O'Keeffe</persName> (Mary Catherine's grandaughter)</item> </list> </div> <div> <p> "Little May was an orphan, alone on the earth; No. aunt, no uncle, no sister or brother; But with her went Love and Delight from her birth, For dear little May had a fairy godmother. She taught her to bloom like a beautiful flower..." –Mrs. Frances S. Osgood, <title cert="high" generatedBy="human" level="m" xml:space="default">The Flower Alphabet, or Little May’s First Lesson</title>, 1845 </p> </div> <div> <p> <title cert="high" generatedBy="human" level="m" xml:space="default">Sweet Peas</title> by <persName key="Henrietta Maria Benson Homer" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q42808889">Henrietta Benson Homer</persName>, 1875; water color and pencil on illustration board. (Courtesy of Cooper-Hewitt Museum, The Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Design.) </p> </div> </div> </body> <back> <p> Barbara Novak is Chairwoman of the Art history Department at <orgName key="Barnard College" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q167733">Barnard College</orgName> and Professor of Art History at Barnard and <orgName key="Columbia University" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q49088">Columbia University</orgName>. She is the author of America Painting of the Nineteenth century. She is also flower painter. </p> </back> </text> </TEI>
