King Henrie the fifth.

An. reg. 1. Henry the .5. HENRY Prince of Wales, ſon and heire to Kyng Henrye the fourth, borne at Monmouth in wales, on the ryuer of Wye, after his father was departed this life, tooke vpon him the regimente of thys Realme of Englande, the twentith of Marche, being proclaymed King, by the name of Henry: the fifth, in the yeare of the worlde .5375. after the birth of one ſauior 1413. the third, or theraboutes,1413 of the Emperor Sigiſmond, the three and thirtie of Charles the ſixt king of Fraunce, and about the fifth of Iames the firſt K. of Scotland.

Suche greate hope, and good expectation was hadde of thys mans fortunate ſucceſſe to followe, that within three dayes after hys fathers deceaſſe, diuers noble men, and honourable perſonages, did to him homage,Homage done to king Henry before his coronation. and ſw[...]re to him due obediēce, which had not bin ſene done to any of his predeceſſors kings of this Realm, till they hadde bin poſſeſſed of the Crowne, and receyued their oth well and truely to gouerne. He was Crowned the ninth of Aprill,The day of K. Henryes coronation a very tempeſtuous daye. beeyng Paſſion Sonday, which was a ſore, ruggie and vntemperate daye, with wind, ſnow and fleete, that men greatly maruelled thereat, making diuers interpretations, what the ſame mighte ſignifie.

But what ſo euer mens fancies hereof might coniecture, this King was the man, that according to the olde prouerbe, declared and ſhewed in what ſort honors ought to change maners, for immediately after that hee was inueſted Kyng, and had receyued the Crowne, hee determined with him ſelfe to putte vppon him the ſhape of a new man, turning inſolencie and wildneſſe into grauitie and ſoberneſſe: And whereas hee hadde paſſed his youth in wanton paſtime; and riotous miſorder, with a ſort of miſgouerned mates, and vnthriftie playfeers, [...]rable ex [...]ple of a [...]y [...]ace. hee nowe baniſhed them from his preſence (not vnrewarded, nor yet vnpreferred inhibiting them vppon a great payne, not once to approche, lodge, or ſoiourne within tenne miles of his Courte or manſion: and in their places he elected and choſe men of grauitie, witte, and high policie, by whoſe wiſe counſell, and prudent aduertiſement, he might at al times rule to his hono[...]re, and gouerne to his profyte: wheras if he ſhould haue reteined the other iuſtie companions aboute him, he doubted leaſt they might haue allured him vnto ſuche lewde and lighte partes, as with them before tyme he had youthfully vſed, not alwayes to his owne commendation, nor yet to the cōtentation of his father, in ſo much, that where on a time, hee ſtroke the chiefe iuſtice on the face with his ſifte, for empriſoning one of his mates, he was not only cō mitted to ſtraighte priſon himſelfe by the ſayde chiefe Iuſtice, but alſo of his father putte out of the priuie counſell, and baniſhed the Court, and his brother Thomas Duke of Clarence elected preſident of the Counſel, to his great diſpleaſure and open reproch: but nowe that hee was once placed in the royall throne, and regall ſeate of the Realme, he conſidering with himſelfe, what charge he had in hand, and what apperteyned to his duetie and office, truſted not too muche to the redineſſe of his own wit, nor to the iudgemēt of hys owne wauering wil, and therfore (as I ſaid) called to his counſell ſuch prudent and politike perſonages as myghte helpe to eaſe hys charge, and inſtruct him with ſuche good reaſons, and frutefull perſwaſions, as hee myghte ſhew himſelfe to his ſubiects a mirror of vertue, and an example of vpright dealing. After he had layd this politike foundation, he vertuouſly conſidering in his mind, that all goodneſſe commeth of God, determined to begin with ſome thing acceptable, to his diuine maieſtie, and therefore firſt commaunded the Clergie, ſincerely and trulie to Preache the worde of God, and to liue accordingly, that they mighte bee the lanternes of light to the temporaltie, as their profeſſion required. The lay men he willed to ſerue God, and obey their Prince, prohibiting them aboue all things breach of Matrimonie, vſe of ſwearing, and namely, wilfull periurie.

Beſide this, hee elected the beſt learned men in the lawes of the Realme, to the offices of Iuſtice, and men of good liuing, he preferred to high degrees,A parliament. and authoritie.

Immediately after Eaſter, he called a Parliament, in which, diuers good ſtatutes, & wholeſome ordinances, for the preſeruation and aduancemente of y^e common wealth, were deuiſed and eſtabliſhed. Thom. VVal. The funerals of K. Henrye the fourthe, kept at Canterbury. On Trinitie Sonday, were the ſolemne exequies done at Canterburie, for hys father, the King himſelfe being preſent thereat.

About the ſame time, at the ſpeciall inſtance of the King, in a conuocation of the Clergie holden at Poules in London,Saint Georges day made double feaſt. it was ordeyned, that Saint George his day ſhould be celebrate, and kept as a double feaſt. The Archb. of Cāterburie, meante to haue honored Sainte Dunſtanes day with like reuerence, but it tooke not effect.

Sir Iohn Oldcaſtell.When the K. had ſetled things much to hys purpoſe, he cauſed the body of K. Richard to bee remoued with all funerall pompes, conueniente for his eſtate from Langley to Weſtminſter, where he was honorably interred with Queene Anne his firſte wife, in a ſolemne tombe erected, and ſet vp at the charges of this King.

Alſo, in this firſt yere of this kings raigne, ſir Iohn Oldcaſtell, whiche by his wife was called Lord Cobham, a valiant Captaine, and a hardie Gentleman, was accuſed to the Archbiſhop of Caunterburie, of certaine poyntes of hereſie, who knowing hym to bee highly in the Kinges fauor, declared to his highneſſe the whole accuſation. The K. firſte hauing compaſſion of y^e noble mā, required the Prelates, that if he wer a ſtraied ſheepe, rather by gentleneſſe than by rigor, to reduce him to his former folde. And after this, [...] himſelfe ſent for him, and right earneſtly exh[...]ited him, and louingly admoniſhed him to recō cile himſelfe to God, and to his lawes. The lord Cobham not onely thanked him of his moſt fauourable clemencie, but alſo declared firſt to him by mouth, and afterwards by writing, the foundation of his faith, and the grounde of his beliefe, affirming his grace to be his ſupreme head, and competent iudge, and none other perſon, offering an C. Knightes and Eſquiers, to cometh hys purgation, or elſe to fight in open liſts, in defence of his iuſt cauſe. The King vnderſtanding [...] perſwaded by his Counſell, that by order of the lawes of his Realme, ſuch accuſations t[...] [...] matters of faith, ought to be tried by the ſpirituall Prelates, ſent him to the Tower of London, there to abide the determination of the Cleargie, according to the ſtatutes in that caſe prouided, after which time, a ſolemne ſeſſion was appointed in the Cathedrall Church of Saint Paule, vpon the .23. day of September, and an other the 25. day of the ſame moneth, in the hall of y^e b[...]ck Friers at London, in which places the ſayd [...]rd was examined, appoſed, and fully heard, and in concluſion, by the Archebyſhop of Canterburie denounced an Heretike,Sir Iohn Oldcaſtell eſca[...] ou[...] of the Tower. and remitted agayne to the Tower of London, from which place, eyther by help of friends, or corruption of keepers, hee priuily eſcaped, and came into Wales, when he remained for a ſeaſon.

After this,Titus [...] 
1414 the Kyng keeping his Chriſtians at his manor of Eltham, was aduertiſed, that ſir Roger Acton knighte, a man of greate witte and poſſeſſions, Iohn Browne Eſquier, Iohn Beuerley Prieſt, and a greate number of other, Hall. 
A co[...] rayſed by [...] Roger [...] and others. Titus [...] were aſſembled in armour againſt the King his breethren, the Elergie, and realm. Theſe newes came to the King, on the twelfth day in Chriſtmas, wherevpon, vnderſtanding that they ment to aſſemble togyther in a place called Ficket field, beſide London, on the backe ſide of Sainte Giles, he ſtraight got him to his palace at Weſt minſter, in as ſecret wiſe as he mighte, and there calling to him certaine bands of armed me[...] hee repaired into S. Gyles fieldes, neere to the ſa[...]e place, (where he vnderſtood the aſſemble ſhuld be about midnight, and ſo handled the matter,The [...] [...]rpriſed. that he tooke ſome, and ſlew ſome, euen as ſtode with his pleaſure. The captaines of them afore mencioned, being apprehended, were broughte to the Kings preſence, and to hym declared the cauſes of their commotion and ryſing,Tho. VV[...] accuſing a great number of their complices. The king vſed one policie, which muche imported to the diſcomforting of the aduerſaries (as Tho. Walling ſayth. For where as he gaue order, that all the gates of London ſhould be ſtraightly kept and garded, ſo as [...]one ſhuld come in nor out, but ſuch as were knowen to goe to the King, the chiefeſt ſuccour appoynted to come to the Captaynes of the rebels, was by that meanes cutte off, where otherwiſe ſurely, if they had not bin thus preuented and ſtayed,By [...] exceſſ[...] number it may appeare, that Walfing, repor[...]eth thys [...]et according to the cō mon fame, and not as one that ſearched oute an e[...]quiſite truth. there had iſſued forth of London to haue ioyned with them, to the number of fiftie thouſande perſons, one and other, ſeruauntes, prentiſes, and other Citizens, confederate with them, that were thus aſſembled in Ficket fielde.

Diuers alſo that came from ſundry partes of the Realme, haſting towardes the place, to bee there at their appoynted time, chanced to lyghte among the Kings men, and being taken and demaunded whither they wente with ſuche ſpeede, they aunſwered, that they came to meete with their Captaine the Lord Cobhom, but whether he came thither at all, or made ſhifte for hymſelfe to get away, it doth not certainely appeare, but he could not be hearde of at y^e time (as Thomas Walſ. counfeſſeth) although the King by proclamation promiſed a thouſand markes to him that could bring him forth, with greate liberties to the Cities or Townes, that woulde diſcouer where hee was: by this it maye appeare, howe greatly he was beloued, that there could not one he found, that for ſo great a reward would bring him to light.

Among other that were taken,Williā Murleye. was one William Murley, that dwelt in Dunſtable, a man of greate wealth, and by his occupatiō a Brewer. He was an earneſt mainteyner of the lord Cobhams opinions; and as the brute ranne, was in hope to bee highly aduanced by him, if theyr purpoſed deuice had taken place, in ſo muche, as he hadde two horſes, trapped with gilt harneſſe, ledde after him, and in his boſome, when he was taken, were found a paire of gilte ſpurers, ſo that it was deemed, that hee hadde prepared them for himſelfe to weare, looking to bee made Knights by the Lorde Cobhams handes at that preſente time, but when he ſaw how their purpoſe [...]ay & led, he withdrewe backe into the Citie, [...]e greate feare to hide himſelfe out of the way, but he[...] was perceyued, taken, and finally excoute[...] and d[...] other. To conclude, after this, ſo many perſons were apprehended, that all the priſons in: and about London were full, the chiefe of there were condemned by the Clergie of hereſie, and at[...]hted of high treaſon, as mouers of warre agaynſt theyr Kyng, by the temporall lawe,Sir Rog. Actō and his complices cōdemned of treaſon and hereſie. in the Guild hall of London, and adiudged for that defence, to be drawen and hanged, and for hereſie to bee conſumed with fire, gallowes, and all, whych iudgemente was executed the ſame moueth, on the ſaid Sir Roger Acton, and eight and twentie other.

Some ſaye, that the occaſion of their death, was onely for the conueying of the Lord Cobham out of priſon. Others write, that it was both for treaſon and hereſie, and ſo it appeareth by the recorde. Certaine affirme, that it was for feined cauſes ſurmiſed by the ſpiritualtie, more vpon diſpleaſure, than truth, and that they were aſſembled to heare their Preacher, the foreſayde Beuerley in that place there, out of the way frō reſort of people, ſith they might not come togyther openly, about anye ſuche matter, withoute daunger to bee apprehended, as the manner is, and hathe bin euer of the perſecuted flocke, when they are prohibited publiquely the exerciſe of the religiō. But howſoeuer the matter wēt with theſe men, apprehended they were, & diuers of thē executed (as before ye haue heard whether for rebellion or hereſie, or for both, as the forme of the Inditemēt importeth, I nede not to ſpend many words, ſith other haue ſo largely treated thereof, & therfore I refer thoſe that wiſh to be more fully ſatiſfied herein vnto their diſcourſes, hauing for mine owne parte rather choſen to ſhewe what I finde recorded by Writers, than to vſe any cenſure, to the preiudice of other mens iudgements, and therefore to leane this matter, and alſo the Lord Cobham, eyther in Wales, or elſe where, cloſely hid for the time, from king Hēries reach, I will paſſe from him to ſpeake of other things.

Whileſt in the Lente ſeaſon the Kyng laye at Kenilworth, F[...]yton A diſdainful ambaſſade. there came to him frō Charles, Dolphin of Fraunce, the Frenche Kings eldeſt ſonne, certayne Ambaſſadors, that broughte with them a barrell of Paris balles, which they preſented to hym for a token from their maiſter, whiche preſente was taken in verie ill parte, as ſent in ſcorne, to ſignifie, that it was more mete for the Kyng to paſſe the tyme with ſuche childiſh exerciſe, than to attempte anye worthy exployte: wherefore the Kyng wrote to hym, that ere ought long, hee woulde ſende to hym ſome London balles, that ſhoulde breake and batter downe the roofes of his houſes about hys eares.

This yeare, Thomas Arundell Archbyſhop of Canterburie departed this life, a ſtoute Prelate, and an earneſt maynteyner of the Religion then allowed by the Churche of Rome. Henrye Chichellie Byſhoppe of Saint Dauid was remoued,Tho. VVal. and ſucceeded the ſame Arundell in the Sea of Canterburie, and the Kyngs confeſſor Stephen Patrington, a Carmelite Frier, was made Byſhoppe of Saint Dauid.

Henry Percye, ſonne to the Lord Henry Percie, ſurnamed Hoteſpurre, after his fathers deceaſſe, that was ſlayne at Shreweſburie fielde, was conueyed into Scotlande, and there left by his Grandfather, beeing then but a childe, where euer ſithence hee had remayned, the Kyng therefore pitied his caſe, and ſo procured for him, that he came home,Percy reſtored to the eridome of Northumberlande. and was reſtored to all his lands and Earledome of Northumberlande, whyche lands before had bin giuen to the Lorde Iohn, the Kings brother.

An. reg. 2. In the ſeconde yeare of his raigne, Kyng Henry called his high Court of Parliament, the laſt day of Aprill, in the Towne of Leiceſter, in the which Parliamente, many profitable lawes were concluded, and manye petitions moued, were for that time deferred: amongſt whyche, one was, that a bill exhibited in the Parliament holden at Weſtminſter, in the eleuenth yeare of King Henry the fourth (whiche by reaſon the Kyng was then troubled with ciuill diſcorde, came to none effect) might now with good deliberation be pondered, and brought to ſome good concluſion.A bill exhibited to the parliamēt againſt the Clergie. The effect of whiche ſupplication was, that the temporall lands deuoutely giuen, and diſordinately ſpent by religious, and other ſpirituall perſons, ſhould be ſeaſed into y^e kyngs hands, ſithence the ſame might ſuffiſe to mainteyne to the honor of the King, and de[...] the Realm, fifteene Erles, fifteene C. knightes, ſixe M. two C. Eſquiers, and a C. almes houſes, for reliefe onely of the poore, impotente, and needie perſons, and the King to haue [...] his cofers twentie M. poundes, with many rather prouiſions and values of Religious houſes, which I paſſe ouer. This bill was much [...], and more feared among the Religious ſor[...], whome ſurely it touched very neere, and therefore to find a remedie againſte a miſchiefe, they determined to aſſay all wayes that might [...] their purpoſe, to put by, and ouerth[...] hys bill, and in eſpeciall, they thoughte beſt c[...]e of they might repleniſh y^e kings brayne [...] pleaſant ſtudie, that he ſhoulde neyther [...], nor regarde the ſerious petition of the importunate commons: wherevpon, one day, as y^e [...]ng was ſet in the Parliamente Chamber, Henrye Chicheley Archbyſhop of Caunterburie,The Archebiſhoppe of Canterburye his Oratio[...] in the Parliamēt houſe. made a pithie oration, wherein hee declared, howe [...] onely the Duchies of Normandy & Aqaitayne, with the Counties of Anion and Muſne, and y^e countrey of Gaſcoigne, were by liueall diſt[...] apperteyning to the King, as lawfull [...] in[...] bitate heire of the ſame, but that alſo the whole realme of France, belonged to him by right, as heire to his greate grandfather King Edwarde the third: herewith he enuyed againſt the ſurmiſed and vntruely feyned lawe Salike,The Salike lawe. whiche the Frenchmen alledge to defeate the Kyngs of England of their iuſt and rightfull title, clayme and intereſt to the Crowne of Fraunce, the [...]ery words of which law are theſe, In terram Sal[...]am mulieres ne ſuccedant, that is to ſaye, lette not women ſucceede in the land Salique, which the Frenche gloſers expounde to bee the Realme of Fraunce, and y^t this law was made by K. [...]aramond, wheras yet their owne authors affirme, that y^e land Salique is in Germanie, betweene y^e riuers of Elbe and Sala, and that whē Charles the great had ouercome the Saxons, hee placed there certaine Frenchmen, which hauing in diſdeine the vnhoneſt maners of the Germain women, made a lawe, that the females ſhoulde not ſucceede to anye inheritance within that l[...]de, which at this day is called Meiſeu,Miſ[...]. ſo that if this be true, this law was not made for the Realme of France, nor the Frenchmen poſſeſſed the land Salique, til four C. 21. yeares after the deathe of Pharamond their ſuppoſed maker of this Salique lawe, for this Pharamond deceaſſed in the yere. 426. and Charles y^e great ſubdued y^e Saxons, and placed the Frenchmen in thoſe partes beyond the riuer of Sala, in the yeare. 805.

Moreouer, it appereth by their owne writers, that King Pepine, whiche depoſed Childerike, claymed the crowne of Fraunce, as heire general, for that he was deſcended of Blithild daughter to king Clothair the froſte: Hugh Capet alſo which vſurped the Crowne vpon Charles duke of Lorrayne, the ſole he[...]re male of the lyne and ſtock of Charles the great, to make his title ſee[...] true, and appeare good, thoughe in deede it was ſtarke naught, conueyde himſelfe as heyre to the Lady Lyngard, daughter to king Charlemayn, ſonne to Lewes the Emperor, that was ſonne to Charles the great. King Lewes alſo the tenth otherwyſe called Saint Lewes, being very heire to the ſaid vſurper Hugh Capet, coulde neuer be ſatiſfyed in his conſcience howe he might iuſtely kepe and poſſeſſe the crown of France, til he was perſwaded and fully inſtructed, that Queene Iſabell his grandmother, was lyneally deſcended of the Lady Ernrengarde daughter and heyre to the abouenamed Charles duke of Lorayn, by the whiche mariage, the bloud and lyne of Charles the great, was againe vnited and reſtored to the crowne and ſcepter of France, ſo that more clerer than the Sunne, it openly appeareth, that the title of king Pepyn, the clayme of Hugh Capet, the poſſeſſion of Lewes, yea and of the Frenche kynges to thys daye, are deryued and conueyed from the heire female, thought they woulde vnder coldure of ſuche a fayned Lawe, barre the Kings and Princes of this realme of England, of theyr ryghte and lawfull inheritance.

The Archebiſhoppe further alledged oute of the booke of Numeri thys faying▪ When a man dyeth without a ſonne, let the inheritance diſcende to his daughter. At length, hauing ſaid ſufficientely for the proofe of the kings [...]uſte and lawfull title to the Crowne of Fraunce, hee exhorted hym to aduance forth his banner to fight for hys ryghte, to conquere hys inheritaunce, to ſpare neither bloud, ſwoord, ne fire, ſith his warre was iuſt, his cauſe good, and his clayme true.

And to the intent his louyng Chapleyns and obediente ſubiectes of the Spiritualtie myghte ſhewe them ſelues wyllyng and deſyrous to ayde hys maieſtie, for the recouerie of hys aunciente righte and true inheritaunce, the Archbiſhoppe declared that in theyr ſpirituall Conuocation, they had graunted to his highneſſe ſuche a ſumme of money, as neuer by no ſpiritual perſons was to any Prince before thoſe dayes giuen or aduaunced.

The Earle of Weſtmerland [...]adeth the [...] to the cō [...] of Scotlande.When the Archbiſhoppe hadde ended his prepared tale, Rafe Neuill Erle of Weſtmerland, as, then Lorde Warden of the marches aneynſt Scotlande, and vnderſtandyng that the kyng vpon a couragious deſire to recouer his right in Fraunce, would ſurely take the warres in hand, thought good to moue the Kyng to begin fyrſte wyth Scotlande, and therevpon declared how eaſye matter it ſhoulde bee to make a conqueſt there, a howe greatly the ſame ſhould further his wiſhed purpoſe for the ſubduyng of the Frenche menne, concludyng the ſu[...]me of hys tale with thys olde ſaying: That who ſo wyll Fraunce wynne, m[...]ſt with Scotlande fyrſt beginne.

Manye matters he touched, as well to ſhe[...] howe neceſſary the conqueſt of Scotland ſhould be, as alſo to proue howe iuſt a cauſe the Kyng [...]dde to attempte it, tru[...]yng to perſwade the Kyng and all other to be of his opinion.

But after he had made an ende, the Duke of [...]ceſter, vncle to the Kyng, a man well learned and wyſe, who hadde bene ſente into Italye by his father,The duke of [...]ceter hys vvyſe and pythy anſvvere to the Earle of VVeſtmerlandes ſaying. intendyng that he ſhould haue bin a Prieſt replyed agaynſte the Earle of Weſtmerlandes Orations, affirmyng rather that hee whiche woulde Scotlande winne, with France muſte firſte beginne. For if the Kyng myghte once compaſſe the conqueſte of Fraunce, Scotlande coulde not long reſyſte, ſo that conquere Fraunce, and Scotlande woulde ſoone obeye:A true ſaying. (For where ſhoulde the Scottes learne pollicye and ſkill to defende them ſelues if they had not theyr bringyng vp and traynyng in Fraunce?) If the Frenche pencions maynteyned not the Scottiſhe Nobilitie, in what caſe ſhoulde they be? Then take away Fraunce and the Scottes will ſoone be tamed. Fraunce beeyng to Scotlande the ſame that the ſappe is to the tree, which beyng taken awaye, the tree muſte needes dye and wyther.

To be briefe, the Duke of Exceſter vſed ſuch earneſt and pithy perſwaſions to induce the king and the whole aſſemblie of the Parliamente to credite hys woordes, that immediately after he hadde made an ende, all the companye beganne to crye, Warre, warre, Fraunce, Fraunce, and the bill putte into the Parliament for diſſoluing of Religious houſes was cleerely forgotten and buryed, and nothyng thoughte on but only the recoueryng of Fraunce, accordyng to the title by the Archebiſhoppe declared and ſet foorth[...] And vpon this poynte, after a fewe actes for the wealthe of the Realme eſtabliſhed and decreed, the Parlyamente was proroged vntoo Weſtmynſter.

Some write, that in this Parliament it was enacted, that Lollards and Heretikes with their maynteyners and fauourers ſhoulde be ipſo facto adiudged guiltie of high treaſon: but in the ſtatute made in the ſame Parliament againſt Lollardes, wee fynde no ſuche wordes: Albeeit by force of that Statute, it was ordeyned, that beyng conuicte and executed, they ſhoulde loſe theyr Landes holden in Fee ſimple, and all other theyr goodes and cattalles, as in caſes of Felonye.

Ambaſſadors from the Frēch K. and from the Duke of Burgoigne.During this Parliament, ther came to the K. Ambaſſadors, as wel from the French king that was then in the gouernance of the Orlien[...]iall faction, as alſo from the Duke of Burgoigne, for ayde agaynſt that faction, promiſing more as was ſayd, thā lay well in his power to performe. The K. ſhortly after ſent Ambaſſadors to them doth, as the Biſhop of Durham, and Norwich, with others.

Moreouer at this Parliament, Iohn the kings brother, was created Duke of Bedford, and his brother Humfry, Duke of Gloceſter. Alſo, Thomas Beauforte, Marques Dorſet, was created Duke of Exeter. [...] Imediately after, the King ſent ouer into France, his Vncle the Duke of Exeeter, the Lorde Grey, Admirall of England, the Archebiſhop of Dublin, and the Biſhop of Norwiche, Ambaſſadoures to the Frenche K. with fiue hundred horſe, which were lodged in the tē ple houſe in Paris, keping ſuch triumphāt cheere in their lodging, and ſuche a ſolemne eſtate in their ryding through the citie, that the Pariſians and all the Frenchmen had no ſmall meruaile at that honorable porte and lordely behauior. The French king receyued them very honorably, and banketted them right ſumptuouſly, ſhewing to them iuſtes and martiall paſtymes, by the ſpace of three dayes together, in the which Iuſtes, the king himſelfe, to ſhewe his courage and actiuitie to the Engliſhmen, manfully brake ſpeares, and luſtily tourneyed. When the triumphe was ended, the Engliſhe ambaſſadours hauing a tyme appoynted them to declare theyr meſſage, and beyng admitted to the Frenche kinges preſence, requyred of hym to delyuer vnto the Kyng of Englande, the realme and Crown of France, wyth the entier Duchyes of Aquitayne, Normandy and Aniou, wyth the countreys of Poictieu and Mayne.

Manie other requeſtes they made, and thys offered withall, that if the French Kyng woulde without warre and effuſion of Chriſtian bloud, render to the King their maſter his verye right & lawfull inheritance, that he woulde be content to take in mariage y^e Lady Katherine, daughter to the Frenche King, and to endow hirwith all the Duthies and Countries before reherſed. And of he would not ſo doe, then the King of England did expreſſe and ſignifie to hym, that with the aide of God, and helpe of his people, he woulde [...] couer his right and inheritāce wrongfully withholden from him, with mortall warre, and dint of ſword.

The Frenchmen being not a little abaſhed at theſe demaundes, thought not to make any abſolute aunſwere in ſo weightie a cauſe, till they hadde further breathed, and therefore prayed the Engliſh Ambaſſadors to ſaye to the King theyr maiſter, that they now hauing no oportunitie to conclude in ſo high a matter, would ſhortly ſend Ambaſſadors into Englande, which ſhould certifie and declare to the King theyr whole minde, purpoſe, and intent.

The Engliſhe Ambaſſadors returned with this aunſwere, making relation of euery thyng that was ſaid or done.

King Henry after the returne of his Ambaſſadors, determined fully to make war in Frāce, conceyuing a good and perfect hope, to haue fortunate ſucceſſe, ſith victorie for the moſte parte followeth where right leadeth, beeing aduanced forwarde by iuſtice, and ſet forth by equitie. And bycauſe manye Frenchmen were promoted to Eccleſiaſtical dignities, as ſome to benefices, and ſome to Abbeys and Priories within the realme, and ſente dayly innumerable ſummes of money into Fraunce, for the reliefe of their naturall coū treymen and kinſfolke, he therefore in fauour of the publike wealth of his Realme and ſubiects, in a counſel called at London, about Michaelmas, Tho. VValſ. It is not like that in this Counſell vvriters meane the Parliament that vvas adio[...]ned from Leyceſter to VVeſtminſter, vvhere it began in the octaues of Saint Martin, in that ſeconde yeare. 1415. cauſed to be ordeined, that no ſtranger hereafter, ſhould be promoted to anye ſpirituall dignitie or degree within this realme, without his eſpeciall licence, and royall cōſent, and all they that ſhuld be admitted, ſhoulde find ſufficient ſuretie, not to diſcloſe the ſecretes of this Realme to anye forraigne perſon, nor to miniſter ayde or ſuccour to any of thē with money, or by any other meant. This was confirmed in a conuocation called the ſame time by the new Archeb. of Caunterburie.

Moreouer, ſuch as were to goe vnto the generall counſell holden at Conſtance,The Co[...]d of Conſtance. were named and appointed to make thē ready: for the K. hauing knowledge frō the Emperor Sigiſmonde, of the aſſembling of that counſell, thought it not conuenient to ſitte ſtill as an hearer, and no partaker in ſo high a cauſe, which touched the whole ſtate of the Chriſtian common wealthe, as then troubled by reaſon of the ſchiſme that yet continued, wherefore hee ſente thither Rycharde [...]

Diuers other thinges were concluded at that preſente for the Kyng had cauſed not onely the Lordes of the ſpiritualtie,Engnorrans. but alſo of the temporaltie to aſſemble here at London the ſame time to treate ſpecially of his iourney that he purpoſed to make ſhortly into Fraunce: and herevpon meanes was made for the gatheryng of money whiche was graunted with ſo good a wil both of the ſpiritualtie and temporaltie, that there was leuied the ſum of three hundred thouſand marks Engliſh, and herewith order was giuen to gather a great hoſt of men, thorough all his dominions. And for the more increaſing of his nauie, he ſent into Holland, Zeland, and Frizelande, to conducte and hyre ſhippes for the tranſportyng and countying ouer his men and m[...]ntions of warre,Great preparation for the [...]chvvirres. and finally prouided for armour, victuals, money, artillerie, cariage, boates to paſſe ouer riuers couered with leather, tentes, and all other things requiſite for ſo high an entepriſe.

The Frenchemen hauing knowledge heereof, the Dolphyn who had the gouernaunce of the realme, bicauſe his father was fallen into his old diſeaſe of franſye, ſent for the Dukes of Berrye and Alaunſon, and all the other lords of the coū ſel of Fraunce, by whoſe aduice it was determined, that they ſhoulde not only prepare a ſufficient armye to reſiſt the king of England, when ſo euer hee arriued to inuade Fraunce, but alſo to ſtuffe and furniſhe the townes on the Frontiers, and ſea coaſtes, with conueniente garniſons of men: and further to ſend to the king of Englād a ſolemne embaſſade, to make to him ſome offers according to the demaundes before reherſed. The charge of this ambaſſade was committed to the Earle of Vandoſme, to maiſter William Bouratyer Archbiſhop of Bourges, and to maiſter Peter Fremell Biſhoppe of Lyſeux, to the Lords of Yvry and Braquemonte, and to maiſter Gaultier Cole the kings Secretarie, and diuers other.

An. reg. 3. Ambaſſadours [...] of France.Theſe Ambaſſadors accompanied with .350. horſſes paſſed the ſea at Caleys, and landed at Douer, before whoſe arriuall the King was departed from Windſor to Wincheſter, entēding to haue gone to Hampton, there to haue ſurueyd his nauie, but hearing of the Ambaſſadors approchyng, he taryed ſtil at Wincheſter, where y^e ſaid Frenche lordes ſhewed themſelues very honorably before the King and his nobilitie.

[...]

The Archebiſhop of Bourges diſpleaſed, that hys purpoſe tooke not effecte deſiring licence and pardon of the kyng to ſpeake, and obteyning it:A proude preſumptuous prelare. verye raſhly and vnreuerently ſayde: Thinkeſt thou to put downe, and wrongfully to deſtroye the moſte chriſtian king our moſt redoubted ſoueraigne Lorde and moſt excellent Prince of all Chriſtendome in bloud and preeminence? Oh king, ſauing thyne honour, thinkeſt thou that he hath offered to thee, landes, goods, and other poſſeſſions with his own daughter for feare of thee, or thy Engliſh nation, thy friendes, wel willers or fauourers? No no. But of a trouth he moued with pitie as a louer of peace to the intente that innocent bloud ſhould not be ſpilt, and that Chriſtian people ſhould not be afflicted with batayle, hathe made to thee theſe offers, puttyng his whole affyaunce in God moſt p[...]ſſaunte, accordyng to ryght and reaſon, truſtyng in his quarrell to bee ayded and ſupported by hys beneuolente ſubiectes and fauourable well wyllers. And ſith wee bee hys ſubiectes and ſeruantes, wee requyre thee to cauſe vs ſafely and ſurely withoute damage to bee conducted out of th[...] realme and dominions, and that thou wilt write thyne aunſwere wholly, as thou haſte giuen it vnder thy Seale and ſigne manu[...].

The Kyng of England being nothing at al moued wyth the preſumptuous wordes of the vn[...]rtured biſhop, ſoberly anſwered him in this maner:The modeſt & vviſe anſvvere of the king to the Bishope of Bourges.

My Lord, I [...]e eſteeme your frenche bragges, and leſſe ſet by your power & ſtrength, I knowe perfectly my right to your region, and except you will, denie the apparant truthe, to doe you: And if you neither doe nor will knowe it, yet God and the worlde knoweth it: The power of your maiſter you ſee dayly, but my puiſſance yf haue not yet taſted: if your maiſter haue louing ſubiectes, I am I thanke God, not vnprouided of the [...]aure: but this I ſay vnto you, that before one yere paſſe, I truſt to make the higheſt crowne of your country to ſtoupe, & the prondeſt myter to kneele downe: and ſay this to the vſu[...] yer your maiſter, that I within three monethes, will enter into Fraunce, not as into his land, but as into myne owne true and lawful patrimonie [...]ding to conquer it, not with bragging wordes, flatteryng orations, or coloured perſwaſions, but with puiſſaunce of menne, and dente of [...]worde, by the ayde of God, in whome is my whole truſt and confidence. And as concerning myne anſwere to be written, ſubſcribed and ſealed: I aſſure you, I would not ſpeake that ſentence, the which I wold not write and ſubſcribe, nor ſubſcribe that lyne, to the which I would refuſe to put my ſeale. Therfore your ſafeconduct ſhall be to you deliuered, with myne anſwer, and then you maye departe ſurely and ſafely I warrant you into your countrey, where I truſt, ſooner to viſite you, than you ſhal haue cauſe to ſalute or bid me welcome.

With this anſwere the Ambaſſadors ſore diſpleaſed in their mynds, (although they were highly entertained and liberally rewarded) departed into theyr countreye, reporting to the Dolphyn how they had ſpedde in all thinges.

After the French Ambaſſadors wer departed, the King lyke a prouident Prince, thought good to take order for the reſiſting of the Scottes, if according to their olde manner, they ſhould attempt any thing againſt his ſubiectes in hys abſence, and therfore appoynted the Erle of Weſtmerlande, the Lord Scrope, the baron of Greyſtocke, ſir Roberte Vmfreuile, and dyuers other hardy perſonages and valyant Capitaines to kepe the frontiers and marches of Scotlande, which ſir Robert Vmfreuille on the day of Mary Magdalen fought with y^e Scots at the town of Gedering, Harding. A greate ouerthrovve giuen to the Scots by Sir Roberte Vmfrevile. [...]360 hauing in his company only .iij.C. archers, and .vij. ſcore men of armes or ſpeares, wher he after long conflict and doubtful battaile, flew of his enimes .lx. and odde, & tooke .CCClx. priſoners, and diſcomfited & put to flighte .j.M. and mo, whome he folowed in chaſe aboue .xij. myles, and ſo laded with prayes and priſoners, reculed againe not vnhurt to the caſtel of Rockſborough, of the whiche at that time he [...] [...] taur. When the King had al his prou[...] [...] dye, and ordered all things for the de[...]ce of [...] realme, [...] he leauing behynde him for [...] the realme, the Quene his mother [...] [...] ted to the towne of Southampton, [...] there to take ſhippe, and ſo to paſſe the ſeas [...] Fraunce. And firſte he thoughte to aduer[...] [...] French king of his cōming, and therefore [...] [...] ched Antelope his purſeuant at armes [...] [...] ters to the French K. requiring him [...] [...] titution of that which he wrongfully [...], contrary to the lawes of God & man, declaryng how ſory he was that he ſhould be thus compelled for recouerie of his fighte & iuſt [...] [...] ritance, to make warre to the de[...]iuction of [...] [...] ſtian people, but ſith he had offered [...] could not be receiued, now for fault of [...] might (as he thought) lawfully returne [...] Neuertheleſſe, he exhorted the Frenche K. [...] the bowels of Ieſu Chriſte, to render vnto him that whiche was his owne, whereby the eſtution of chriſtian bloud might be auoided. Theſe letters conteyning many other wordes, though [...] this effect & purpoſe, were dated frō Hampton the v. of Auguſt. When the ſame letters wer pre[...] ted to the French king, & by his counſel wel pe[...] vſed, anſwere was made, that he would take aduice, and prouide therin as in tyme & place [...] be thought conuenient, and ſo the meſſeng[...] [...]as licenced to depart at his pleaſure.

When K. Henry had his nauie once rigged and decked, and that his men and all prouiſions were redie, perceiuing that his captains miſ[...]y[...]ed nothing ſomuch as delaying of time, determined with al diligence to cauſe his ſouldiors to goe [...] boord the ſhips, and ſo to depart. But ſee the hap[...] the night before the daye appointed for their departure, he was credibly enformed; that Richard Erle of Cambridge brother to Edward duke of York, and Henry Lord Scrope of Maſh[...] L. Treſorer, with Tho. Gray a knight of North[...] berlād, being confederated togither,The Earle of Cambridge and other Lordes apprehended for treaſo[...] Tho. VVal[...]. had cōpaſſed his death and final deſtruction, wherfore he [...] ſed them to be apprehended. The ſayde Lorde Scrope was in ſuche fauour with the king, that he admitted him ſometime to be his bedfelow, in whoſe fidelitie and conſtant ſtedfaſtneſſe, hee repoſed ſuche truſt, that when any priuate or publike counſell was in hande, he hadde the determination of it. For he pretended ſo great grauitie in hys countenance, ſuche paſſing modeſtie in his behauiour, and ſo perfect vprightneſſe and vertuous zeale to all godlineſſe in his iuſte, y^t whatſoeuer he ſayd was in euery reſpect thought neceſſarye to bee doone and followed.Tit[...] L[...]. Alſo the ſayde Syr Thomas Grey (as ſome write) [...] of the Kinges priuie counſell, to that in w[...] daunger the king ſtoode, it is eaſy to coniecture, fith thoſe that were in ſuch authoritie, & ſo neere about hym, ſought his deſtruction.

O[...]ſed [...]hi[...]ſt of [...]ny.Theſe priſoners vpon their examination, cō feſſed, that for a greate ſumme of money which they had receyued of the Frenche king, they entended verily eyther to haue deliuered the Kyng alyue into the handes of hys enimies, or elſe to haue murthered him before he ſhoulde arriue in the duchie of Normandie.

Hall.When King Henrie had heard al things opened, whiche he deſired to know, he cauſed all his nobilitie to come before his preſence, before whō he cauſed to be brought the offēders, and to them ſayd:King Hearleso vvordes to the [...]ts. If you haue conſpired the death and deſtruction of me, which am the head of, the realme & gouernour of the people, without doubt I muſt of neceſſitie thinke, that you lykewyſe haue cō paſſed the confuſion of all that here be with me, and alſo the finall deſtruction of youre natiue countrey. And although ſome priuate ſcorpion in your heartes, or ſome wylde worme in your heads, hath cauſed you to conſpire my death and confuſion, yet you ſhould haue ſpared that diueliſhe enterpriſe, which can not continue without a capitayne, nor be directed without a guyde, nor yet with the deſtruction of your owne bloud and nation, you ſhould haue pleaſed a foreyn enimie. Wherfore ſeing that you haue enterpriſed ſo gret a miſchiefe, to the intent that your fautours being in the armie, maye abhore ſo deteſtable an offence by the puniſhement of you, haſte you to receyue the payne that for youre demerites you haue deſerued, and that puniſhmente that by the lawe for your offences is prouided. And ſo immediately they were hadde to execution, whiche done,The E[...]rle of Cambridge & the other tray [...] executed. the K. callyng his Lords afore him, ſpake theſe or the like wordes in effecte: See you not the madde imagination of men, which perſecute me that dayly ſtudy and hourely laboure for the aduancement of the publike welth of this realm: and for that cauſe I ſpare no payne,The kinges ſpeache to his lo[...]ds touching [...]e [...]o[...]ers. nor refuſe any tyme to the intente to doe good to all men, and hurte to none, and thus to doe is my duetie, and to this as I thinke, I am borne, I pray to God, that there be none among you that be infected with ſo much vntruth, y^t had lieſter ſee me deſtroyed & brought to confuſion, than to ſee his countrey flouriſh, encreaſed with honor and empire, I aſſure you, that I conceyue no ſuch opinion in any of you, but put in you bothe truſt & cōfidence, & if I may haue your helpe to recouer the old honor of myne aunceſtours by ſubduing the Frenche nation, I for my ſelfe will forget al perill and payne. and be youre guide, lodeſman, and conductor, and if you drawe backe, and will not moue forewarde, beleeue mee, God will ſo diſpoſe, that hereafter you ſhall be deceyued, and ſo repent had Iwyſt.

When the king had finiſhed his ſaying, al the noble men kneeled downe, and promiſed faythfully to ſerue him, and duly to obey him, and rather to die than to ſuffer him to fall into the handes of his enimies.

Thys doone, the Kyng thoughte that ſurely all ſebition and ciuill conſpiracie, had bin vtterly extinct: but he ſaw not the fyre which was newely kindled, and ceaſſed not to encreaſe, till at lengthe it burſte out into ſuche a flame, that embracing the walles of his houſe and familie, his lyne and ſtock was clean deſtroyed and conſumed to aſhes, whiche at that tyme mighte preaduenture haue bin quenched and put oute.

For diuers write, that Richard erle of Cambridge did not conſpire with the Lorde Scrope, and Thomas Grey for the murthering of King Henry to pleaſe the Frenche King withall, but onely to the intente to exalte to the crowne his brother in law Edmund Erle of March as heire to Lyonell Duke of Clarence: after the death of whyche Earle of Marche, for diuers ſecrete impedimentes, not able to haue iſſue, the Earle of Cambridge was ſure, that the crowne ſhoulde come to him by his wyfe, and to his children, of hir begotten. And therefore (as was thoughte) he rather confeſſed himſelfe for neede of moneye to be corrupted by the French king, than he wold declare hys inwarde mynde, and open his verye intent and ſecrete purpoſe, whiche if it were eſpyed, he ſawe plainely that the Earle of Marche ſhoulde haue drunken of the ſame cuppe that hee taſted, and what ſhoulde haue come to his owne children hee muche doubted: And therefore beeing deſtitute of comforte and in deſpaire of life to ſaue hys children, he fayned that tale, deſiring rather to ſaue hys ſucceſſion than himſelfe, which he did in deede, for his ſonne Richarde Duke of York not priuily but openly claimed the crown, and Edwarde his ſonne, bothe claymed it, and gayned it, as after it ſhall appeare. Which thing if Kyng Henrye had at this tyme eyther doubted, or foreſeene, had neuer bin like to haue come to paſſe, as Hall ſaith.

But whatſoeuer hath bin reported of the confeſſion of the Earle of Cambridge, certain it is, that endited he was by the name of Richard erle of Cambridge of Coneſburgh in the countie of York knight,The effect of the Earle of Cambridge hys in dicement. and with him Tho. Grey of Heton in the countie of Northumberlande knighte, for that that they the, xx. day of Iulye, in the thirde yeare of K. Henry the fifth at Southamton, and in diuers other places within this Realme, had conſpired together with a power of men to them aſſociate, without the kings licence to haue ledde awaye the Lorde Edmunde Earle of Marche into Wales, and then to haue procured hym to take vpon him the ſupreme gouernment of the realme, in caſe that King Richarde the ſeconde were dead: and heerewith had purpoſed to ſette foorth a proclamation there in Wales, in name of the ſayde Earle of Marche, as heire of the crown againſt king Henry, by the name of Henry of Lancaſter the vſurper, to the ende that by ſuche meanes they might drawe the more number of the kings liege people vnto the ſaid Earle, & further to haue conueyde a baner of the armes of England, and a certain crown of Spayne ſet vpon a pallet, & laide in gage to the ſaid Earle of Cābridge, by the king, together with the ſayd erle of Marche into the parties of Wales aforſaid: & further,A Ievvell. that the ſaid Earle of Cambridge, & ſir Tho. Grey had appointed certain of the Kinges liege people to repaire into Scotland, & to bring from thence one Thomas Trumpington, alſo an other reſembling in ſhape, fauor, & countenāce K. Richard, and Henry Percie, togither wyth a great multitude of people to fight with the king, and him to deſtroy in opē field. Beſide this, that they had ment to win certain caſtels in Wales, & and to kepe them againſt the K. and many other treaſons they had contriued, as by the inditement was ſpecified, to the intēt they might deſtroy the king & his brethren, y^e dukes of Bedford & Glouceſter, and other the great lords and peeres of the realm. And Hēry Scrope of Maſhā, of Flaxflet, in the countie of Yorke was likewiſe indited, as conſenting to the premiſſes. So that it appeareth their purpoſe was wel inough then perceiued, although haply not much bruted abrode, for cōſideratiōs thought neceſſary to haue it rather huyſht & kept ſecret. About the ſelfe ſame time the lord Cobham with his frends, whether as one of coū ſel in the conſpiracie with the erle of Cambridge or not, we can not certainly affirme) was determined to haue made ſome attēpt againſt y^e L. of Bergueuenny, who being aduertiſed therof▪ not for his defence from Worceſter, Perſore, Canterbury, & other places therabouts, to the number of v.M. archers, and other armed men, which came to him vnto his caſtel of Haneley: wherof when the Lord Cobham was aduertiſed, he withdrew again to ſuche ſecrete places about Maluerne, as hee had prouided for his ſuretie, to reſorte vnto: but a Prieſte y^t belonged vnto him, was taken, & diuers other, who diſcloſed to the L. of Burgueuennye, one of the places where the ſayde Lorde Cobham with his men vſed to keepe themſelues cloſe. They found in deed his money and armor in that houſe piled vp betwixt two walles, handſomly conueyed and framed for the purpoſe, but he with his folkes were withdrawne into ſome other place, after they once heard, that the Earle of Cambridge, and the Lorde Scrope were executed. But now to proceede with King Henries dooings. After this, when the wind came aboute proſperous to his purpoſe,Titus Liuius. hee cauſed the maryners to wey vp ankers and hoyſe vp ſayles, and ſo ſette forward with a thouſand ſhips, on the vigile of our Ladie day the Aſſumption,The King ſayleth ouer into Fraunce vvith his hoſte. and tooke land at Caux, cōmonly called Kyd Caux, when the ryuer of Sayne runneth into the ſea, without reſiſtance or bloudſheading.

At his firſt comming a land, Titus Liuius. A charitable proclamation. he cauſed proclamation to be made, that no perſon ſhoulde be ſo hardie on pain of death, eyther to take any thing out of any church that belonged to the ſame, nor to hurt or do any violence either to Prieſts, women, or any ſuche as ſhould be founde withoute weapon or armor, & not ready to make reſiſtāce: alſo that no man ſhuld renue any new quarell or ſtrife, wherby any fray might ariſe to the diſquieting of the armie. The next day after his lāding he marched toward the towne of Harflew, ſtanding on the riuer of Sayne, betwene two hilles, & beſieged it on euery ſide, reyſing bulwarkes & a baſtell,Harding. in whiche the two Earles of Kent and Huntington were placed with Cornwal, Grey, Steward, & Porter: on that ſide towards the ſea, the king lodged with his field, & the duke of Clarēce on y^e furder ſide towards Roan. Ther were within the town the lords de Touteville & Gaucourt, with diuers other that valiantly defendde themſelues, doing what damage they coulde to their aduerſaries, and damning vp the riuer that hath his courſe through the town, the water roſe ſo high betwixt the kinges campe, and the Duke of Clarence Campe, that were deuided by the ſame riuer, that the Engliſhmen were conſtrayned to withdrawe their artillerie from one ſyde, where they had planted the ſame.

The Frenche king being aduertiſed, that king Henrie was arriued on that coaſt, ſent in all haſt the Lorde de la Breth Conſtable of Fraunce, the Seneſchall of Fraunce, the Lorde Bouciqualt Marſhall of Fraunce, the Seneſchall of Henaut, the Lorde Lignye with other, whiche fortifyed townes with men, virtuall, and artillerie on all thoſe frontiers towardes the ſea. And hearyng that Harflew was beſieged, they came to the caſtell of Candebecke, beeing not farre from Harflew, to the intent they might ſuccor their feends which were beſieged, by ſome policie or meanes: but the Engliſhmen notwithſtanding al the damage that the Frenchmen coulde worke againſt them, forrayed the countrey, ſpoiled the villages, bringyng many a riche praie to the Campe before Harflewe, and dayly was the towne aſſalted: for the Duke of Glouceſter, to whome the order of the ſiege was committed, made three mynes vnder the grounde, and approching to the walles with his engins and ordinance, wold not ſuffer them within to take any reſte: for although they with their coūterminyng ſomwhat diſappointed the Engliſhmen, and came to fight with them hande to hande within the mynes, ſo that they wente no further forwarde with that worke,Titus Liuius. yet they were ſo encloſed on eche ſyde, as well by water as lande, that ſuccour they ſawe coulde none come to them: for the Kyng lying with his battaile on the hill ſide on the one partie, and the duke of Clarence beyonde the ryuer that paſſeth by the towne, & renneth into Sayne on the other parte, beſide other Lordes and capitaines that were lodged with their retinues for their moſt aduantage: None could be ſuffered to go in, or come foorth without their licence, in ſomuche that ſuche powder as was ſente to haue bin conueyed into the towne by water, was taken by the Engliſhe ſhippes that watched the riuer. The Capitaines within the towne, perceyuing that they were not able long to reſiſte the continuall aſſaults of the Engliſhmen, knowing that their walles were vndermyned, and lyke to be ouerthrowne (as one of their bulwarkes was already,Harding. where the Erles of Huntington & Kent had ſet vp their baners)Tho. VValſ. ſente an officer at armes foorth aboute midnight after the feaſt day of S. Lambert, [...]. September. They vvithin Harflevv demande parley. whiche fell that yeare vpon the Tuiſday, to beſeech the king of England to appoint ſome certayne perſons as Commiſſioners from hym, with whom they within myght treate about ſome agreement. The Duke of Clarence to whom this meſſenger firſt declared his errād, aduertiſed the King of his requeſte, who grauntyng thereto, appoynted the Duke of Exceſter, with the Lord Fitz Hugh, and Syr Thomas Erpingham, to vnderſtand the myndes of them within the Towne, who at the firſt, requeſted a truce till Sunday next following the feaſt of S. Michaell, in whiche meane tyme if no ſuccoure came to remoue the ſiege, they would vndertake to delyuer the towne into the kings handes, their lyues and goodes ſaued. The Kyng aduertiſed hereof, ſente them worde, that except they wolde ſurrender the towne to hym the morrowe nexte enſuyng without anye condition, they ſhoulde ſpende no more tyme in talke aboute the matter. But yet at length through the earneſt ſute of the French Lords, the king was contented to graūt them truce till nyne of the clocke the next Sunday, being the .xxij. of September, with condition, that if in the meane time no reſkue came, they ſhould yelde the towne at that houre with their bodies and goodes to ſtande at the Kynges pleaſure. And for aſſuraunce thereof, they deliuered into the kynges handes thirtie of their beſt Capitaynes and merchantes within that towne as pledges. But other write, that it was couenaunted, that they ſhoulde delyuer but onely twelue pledges, and that if the ſiege were not reyſed by the Frenche Kinges power within .vj. dayes nexte folowyng, then ſhoulde they deliuer the Towne vnto the kyng of Englandes handes, and thyrtie of the chiefeſt perſonages within the ſame, to ſtande for lyfe or death at hys wyll and pleaſure: and as for the reſidue of the men of warre and Towneſmen, they ſhoulde departe whether they woulde, wythoute carrying foorth eyther Armour, weapon, or anye other goodes.

Whether this be true, or the former report, as we fynde it in Thomas Walſingam, and that the Kyng afterwards when the towne was deliuered accordyng to theſe conditions was contented to take ſuche order, as to receyue onely thirtie of the chiefeſt within the Towne, and to permit the other to goe their wayes freely, wee can not certaynely affirme.

But howeſoeuer it was, the kyng was contented to graunt a reſpite vppon certayne conditions, that the Capitaines within myght haue tyme to ſende to the Frenche King for ſuccour, as before ye haue hearde, leaſt he entending greater exploytes, myghte loſe tyme in ſuche ſmal matters.

When thys compoſition was agreed vpon, the Lorde Bacquevile, was ſente vnto the Frenche Kyng to declare in what poynte the the towne ſtoode. To whome the Dolphin aunſwered, that the kings power was not yet aſſē bled, in ſuch number as was conuenient to reiſe ſo greate a ſiege. This anſwere beyng brought to the Captaynes within the Towne, they rendred it vp to the king of England, after that the thyrde day was expired,Har[...]e yelded and ſacked. whiche was on the day of Sainct Maurice beeyng the ſeuen and thirtie daye after the ſiege was firſte layde. The ſouldiours were ranſomed, and the towne ſacke, to the great gayne of the Engliſhemen.

This do[...]e, the kyng of Englande ordeyned Capitayne of the towne of H[...]lewe his Vncle the Duke of Exceſter, whyche eſtabliſhed hys Lieutenant there, one Syr Iohn Faſtolfe, with fiftene hundred men (or as ſome haue) two thouſande, and .xxxvj. knights, wherof the Baron of Carew, and ſir Hugh Lutterell, were two counſellours.

And bycauſe many of his nobles whyleſt this ſiege lay before Harflewe, fell ſicke of the Flixe, and other diſeaſes, and diuers were dead, amongeſt whome the Earle of Stafforde, the Biſhop of Norwiche, the Lordes Molyns and Burnell were foure, (beſyde others:) the king licenced his brother the duke of Clarence, Iohn Erle Marſhall, and Iohn Erle of Arundel, being infected with that diſeaſe to returne into England.

King Henry after the winuyng of Harflewe determined to haue proceeded further in the conqueſt and winning of other townes and for treſſes: but bicauſe the dead tyme of the winter approched, it was determyned by the prudent aduiſe of his counſell, that he ſhoulde in all conuenient ſpeede ſette forewarde, and march through the countrey towardes Caleys by land, leaſt his returne as then homewardes ſhould of ſlaunderous toungs be named a running away: and yet that iourney was adiudged perillous, by reaſon that the number of his people was muche myniſhed by the flixe and other feuers,Greate deathe in the hoſte by the flixe. whiche ſore vexed and brought to deathe aboue .xv. hundred perſons of the armie: and this was the cauſe that his retourne was the ſooner appoynted and concluded. But before hys departyng, hee entred into the Towne of Harflewe, and wente on to the Churche of Saincte Martines, and there offered. All the menne of warre whiche hadde not payde their raunſomes, hee ſware them on the holy Euangeliſtes, to yeld themſelues Priſoners at Caleys by the feaſte of Saincte Martine in Nouember nexte.

There were two ſtrong Towers ſtandyng on the Hauen ſyde, whyche lookyng for ayde did not yelde till tenne dayes after the Towne was rendred. When the K. had repaired the walles, bulwarks and rampiers about the towne, & furniſhed it with victuall and artillerie, he remoued from Harflewe towarde Ponthoyſe, [...] to paſſe the riuer of Some with his armie [...] the bridges were eyther withdrawne or br[...].

Suche victuals and other neceſſaries as w[...] to be caryed foorth with the armie, he appointed to bee layde on horſes, leauing the Cartes and wagons behynde for the leſſe encombre.

The Frenche King hearing that the Towne of Harflew was gotten, and that the Kyng of Englande was marching forwarde into the bowelles of the realme of Fraunce, ſent out proclamations, and aſſembled people on euerye ſyde, committing the whole charge of his armie to his ſonne the Dolphyn, and the Duke of Aquitayn, who incontinently cauſed the bridges to be broken, and the paſſages to be kepte.

Alſo he cauſed all the corne & victuals to be cō ueyed away, or deſtroyed in all places,Come and victualle[...] deſtroyed vvhere the english ho[...] shoulde paſ[...]. where it was coniectured, that the Engliſhmen would repayre, to the intente that they might be kepte in ſome ſtrayte or corner of the countrey, withoute victuals or comforte, ſo that they ſhould be conſtrayned to dye, or yelde thorough famyne, or to be fought withall, ſo muche to their diſaduauntage, that the victorie mighte be prepared for the Frenche, ere they came to hazarde themſelues in battayle.

The king of Englād nothing diſmayed with with all theſe incōmodities lyke to chaunce vnto hym at one time,Titus L[...]i [...] kepte his iourney in deſpite of his enimies, conſtreyning them within diuers townes and holds to furniſh hym with victuals:Aſki[...] vv[...] the gariſon of E[...]. but yet as he paſſed by the towne of Ewe, the garniſon of the town iſſued foorth, and gaue the Engliſhemen a ſkirmiſh, although in the end the Frenchmen were beaten into the Towne, with loſſe, namely of a ryght valiant man of armes,Enguerant. named Lancelot Pier. Ther were many engliſh men hurt with quarrells ſhot off from the loupes and walles, as they purſued the enimyes vnto the gates.

At length y^e king aproched the riuer of Some, where finding all the bridges broken,Blancheta[...] he came to the paſſage of Blanchetaque, where hys greate graundfather king Edwarde the thirde, paſſed a little before the battail of Creſſy,Titus Li[...]i[...] but the paſſage was now ſo impeached with ſtakes ſet in the botom of the foorde, & ſo defended, that he could not paſſe there wythout great daunger, conſideryng the multitude of hys enimyes that were bothe beehinde and before, and on eche de of hym, the Countreye in all partes ſwarming wyth embuſhements of men of warre. He therfore marched forwards to Arannes ſo ordering his army and placing his carriage, that he appeared ſo terrible to his enemies, as they durſt not once offer him battaile, and yet the Lorde Dalbreth Conſtable of Fraunce, the Marſhall Bouchequauler, the erle of Vendoſme great Maſter of Fraūce, the Duke of Alanſon, and the Earle of Richemont, with all the puiſſaunce of the Dolphyn lay at Abuile, and durſt not ſo muche as touch his battailes, but euer kept the paſſages, & coaſted aloof, like a hauke that lyketh not hir pray. The king of Englande ſtill kepte on his iorney till hee came to the bridge of Sainct Maxence, where hee found aboue .xxx.M. frenchemenne, and there pitched his fielde, looking ſurely to be fought withall.Diuers capitaines knights. Wherefore to encourage his capitaines the more, he dubbed certaine of hys hardy and valiant gentlemen knights, as Iohn Lorde Ferrers of Groby: Reignold of Greyſtock: Piers Tempeſt: Chriſtofer Moriſby: Thomas Pickering: William Huddleſton: Iohn Hoſbalton: Henry Mortimer: Phillip Hall: and Willyam hys brother: Iaques de Ormonde, and dyuers other: But when hee ſawe that the Frenche made no ſemblaunce to fight, he departed in good order of battaile by the towne of Amiens, to another towne neare to a caſtell called Bowes, and there laye twoo dayes looking for battaile euery houre. From thence he came neare to Corby, where hee was ſtayed that night, by reaſon that the common people, and peſantes of the countrey aſſembled in great numbers, and the men of armes of the gariſon of Corby ſkirmiſhed wyth his army in the morning, and were diſcomfited, and the peſantes driuen euen harde to their gates. The ſame day the king founde a ſhallowe fourd between Corby,King Henry pa[...]th the ri [...]er of Some vva[...] his hoſte. and Peronne, which neuer was eſpied before, at whiche he wyth his armie and carriages the night enſuing, paſſed the water of Some without let or daunger, and therewyth determined to make haſte towardes Callais, and not to ſeeke for battaile, excepte hee were thereto conſtrayned, bycauſe that hys army by ſickenes was ſore diminiſhed, in ſo muche that he had but onely twoo thouſande horſemen and thirteene thouſande archers, bill men, and of all ſortes of other footemen.

The Englishe [...]ay fore af [...]ded.The Engliſhemen were brought into great miſery in this iorney, their victuall was in maner ſpent, and nowe coulde they get none: for their enemies had deſtroied all the corne before they came: Reſte coulde they none take, for their enemies were euer at hande to giue them alarmes, dayly it rained, and nyghtely freeſed: of fewell there was great ſcarſitie, but of fluxes greate plenty: money they hadde inoughe, but wares to beſtowe it vppon, for their reliefe or comforte, hadde they little or none. And yet in this greate neceſſitye, the poore people of the countrey were not ſpoiled, nor any thyng taken of them wythout payment, neyther was any [...]utrage or offence done by the Engliſhemenne of warre, except one, whiche was, that a foliſh ſouldiour [...]le a pi[...]e out of a churche: for which cauſe he was apprehended,An example of Iuſtie[...]. Titus Li[...]iu[...]. and the king would not once remoue till the box was reſtored, and the offender ſtrangled.

The people of the countreys there aboute,Note the force of Iuſtice. hearyng of ſuchē zeale in hym, to the mayntainaunce of Iuſtice, miniſtred to hys army bothe victuals, and other neceſſaries, althoughe by open proclamation ſo to do they were prohibited.Hall. The Frenche King being at Roan,The french K. cōſulteth hovv to deale vvith the english[...]ē. and hearing that [...] Henry was paſſed the riuer of Some, was muche diſpleaſed therwith, and aſſembling his coūſell to the number of .xxxv. aſked their aduice what was to be done.

There was amongſt theſe fiue & thirtie his ſonne the Dolphin, callyng hymſelfe King of Sicill, the Dukes of Berry and Britaine, the Earle of Pontiew the Kinges youngeſt ſonne, and other highe eſtates. At lengthe .xxx. of them agreed, that the Engliſhemenne ſhoulde not departe vnfought withall, and fiue were of a contrary opinion, but the the greater number ruled the matter:The french K. ſendeth defiaunce to kyng Henry. And ſo Montioy Kyng at armes was ſent to the king of England to defie him as the enemie of France, and to tell him that hee ſhoulde ſhortely haue battaile. Kyng Henry ſoberly aunſwered thus: Sir,King Henryes aunſvvere to the de[...]aunce. mine intent is to doe as it pleaſeth God, for ſurely I will not ſeeke your maſter at this time, but if he or his ſeeke me, I will willingly fight with them: And if any of your nation attempte once to ſtoppe me in my iorney now towards Callais, at their ieoperdy be it, and yet my deſire i[...] that none of you bee ſo vnaduiſed, as to bee the occaſion, that I in my defence ſhall colour and make red your rawny ground with the effuſion of chriſtian bloud: When hee had thus aunſwered the Herauld, hee gaue hym a greate rewarde, and licenced hym to departe. Vpon retourne of the Herrault, wyth this aunſwere, it was incontinently proclaimed, that all men of warre ſhoulde reſorte to the Conſtable to fight with the King of England, and his puiſſance. Wherevppon, all men accuſtomed to beare armour, and deſirous to winne honour throughe the Realme of Fraunce, drewe towarde the field.

The Dolphin ſore deſired to haue bin at the battaile, but hee was prohibited by his father: likewiſe Phillip Earle of Charolois, woulde gladly haue bene there, if his father the duke of Burgoigne would haue ſuffred hym: many of his mē ſtale away, and went to the frenchmen.Titus Liuius. The king of England bearing that the frenchmen approched, and that there was an other riuer for him to paſſe with his army by a bridge, and doubting leaſte if the ſame bridge ſhoulde be broken, it woulde be greately to his hinderaunce, appoynted certayne capitaynes wyth their bandes, to go thyther wyth all ſpeede before hym, and to take poſſeſſion thereof, and ſo to keepe it, tyll hys commyng thither. Thoſe that were ſent, findyng the frenchemen buſy to break down their bridge, aſſailed them ſo vigorouſly, that they diſcomfited them and tooke and flew them, and ſo the bridge was preſerued tyll the king came, and paſſed the riuer by the ſame with his whole army. This was on y^e .xxij. day of October. The duke of Yorke: at led the vātgarde (after the army was paſſed the Riuer) mounted vp to the heigth of an hill wyth his people, and ſente out ſkowtes to diſcouer the countrey, the which vpon their returne aduertiſed hym, that a wonderfull greate army of Frenchmen was at hand, approching towards them. The duke declared to the Kyng what he had heard, and the Kyng therevppon, without all feare or trouble of minde, cauſed the bataile which he led himſelfe to ſtay,King Henry rideth forthe to take the vievve of the Frenche army. and incontinently rode forth to view his aduerſaryes, and that done, returned to hys people, and with cherefull countenaunce cauſed them to bee put in order of battayle, aſſignyng to euery capitayne ſuche roomth and place, as he thought conuenient, and ſo kepte thē ſtill in that order till night was come, & then determined to ſeeke a place to encampe & lodge his army in for that night. There was not one amongſt them that knewe any certayne place whither to goe, in that vnknowen countrey: but by chaunce they happened vppon a beaten way, white in ſighte by the which they were broughte vnto a little village, where they were refreſhed with meate & drinke ſomewhat more plenteouſly, then they had bin diuers dayes before.

Order was taken by commaundement from the Kyng, after the army was firſte ſet in battayle array, that no noiſe or clamor ſhoulde be made in the hoſte, ſo that in marching forthe to this village, euery man kepte hymſelfe quyet: but at theyr commyng into the village, fiers were made to giue light on euery ſide, as there likewiſe were in the frenche hoſte whiche was lodged not paſte .ij.C. & fiftie paces dyſtaunte from the Engliſhemen.

The chiefe leaders of the french hoſte were theſe: The conſtable of Fraunce, the Marſhall, the Admirall, the lord Rambures maſter of the croſbowes, and other of the frenche nobilitie, which came and pitched downe their ſtanderts and banners in the countye of Sainct Paule, within the Territorie of Agincourt, hauing in their army as ſome write,The number of the frenchemen. Engu[...]rant. to the number of .lx. thouſande horſemen beſides footemen, wagoners and other. They were lodged euen in the way by the whiche the engliſhmen, muſt [...] paſſe towardes Callais, and all that night after their comming thither, made greate cheare and were very mery, pleaſant, & full of g[...] The Engliſhmen alſo for their partes were of good comfort, and nothing abaſhed of the matter, and yet they were both hungry, weary, ſore trauailed, and vexed with many cold diſeaſes. Howbeit they made peace wyth God, in confeſſing their ſins, receyuing the ſacrament, and requiring aſſiſtaunce at his handes, that is the only giuer of victory, determined rather to die, than either to yelde, or flee.

The day following was the .xxv. of October in the yeare .1415. being then Friday,T[...] [...] A[...], and the feaſt of Criſpine, and Criſpinian, the moſt faire and fortunate day to the engliſhemen, and moſte ſorrowfull, and vnlucky to the Frenchemen.

In the morning of the ſame day,The ord[...] of the Fr[...] [...]y. the french Capitaines made three battayles. In the vawarde were .viij.M. healmes of Knyghtes, and Eſquiers .iiij.M. Archers, and .xv.C. croſbowes whiche were guided by the lorde de la Breth, Conſtable of Fraunce, hauyng wyth hym the Dukes of Orleauns and Burbon, the Earles of Ewe and Richemonte, the Marſhall Bouciquault, and the maſter of the croſbowes, the lord Dampier Admirall of Fraunce and other capitaines: The earle of Vandoſme wyth .xvj.C. men of armes were ordered for a wing to that battayle. And the other wyng was guided by Sir Guicharde Dolphin, Syr Clugnet of Brabant, and Sir Lewes Bourdon, with .viij.C. men of armes, of elect and choſen perſones. And to breake the ſhotte of the engliſhmen were appointed, Sir Guilliam de Saue[...]ſes, with Hector and Phillippe his brethren: Ferry de Maylly, and Alen de Gaſpanes with other .viij.C. of armes. In the middle warde, were aſſigned as many perſons, or mo, as were in the formoſt battaile, and the chardge thereof, was committed to the Dukes of Bar and Alanſon, the Earles of Neuers, Vandemont, Blamont, Salinges, Grant Pree, and of Ruſſy: And in the rereward were all the other men of armes guyded by the Earles of Marle, Dampmartine, Fauconberg, and the Lorde of Lourrey capitaine of Arde, who had wyth hym, the men of the Frontiers of Bolonois: Thus the frenchemen being ordered vnder their ſtandardes and banners, made a great ſhew: for ſurely they were eſteemed in number ſix times as many or more, than was the whole company of the Engliſhemen, wyth Wagoners, Pages and all. They reſted themſelues, waytyng for the bloudy blaſte of the terryble trumpet, till the houre betweene .ix. and .x. of the clocke of the ſame day: during whiche ſeaſon, the conſtable made vnto the capitains and other men of warre, a pithie oration exhorting and encouraging them to doe valiantly, wyth many comfortable words, and ſenſible reaſons. King Henry alſo like a leader, and not as one led, like a ſoueraigne, and not an inferior, perceyuing a plotte of grounde very ſtrong, and meete for his purpoſe, which on the backe halfe was fenced with the village, wherein hee hadde lodged the nighte before, and on bothe ſides defended wyth hedges, and buſhes, thought good there to embattaile his hoſte, and ſo ordered his men in the ſame place,The order of in Englishe [...]y. as he ſawe occaſion, and as ſtoode for his moſte aduantage: Fyrſt, he ſent priuily .ij.C. archers into a lowe meadowe, whiche was [...]re to the vaunegarde of his enemies: but ſeparate with a greate ditche commaunding them there to kepe themſelues cloſe till they had a token to them giuen, to let driue at their aduerſaries: Beſide this, he appointed a vaward, of the which he made captaine Edwarde Duke of York, that of an hault courage had deſired that office, and with hym were the Lordes Beaumont, Willonghby, and Fanhope, and this battaile was all of archers. The middle warde was gouerned by the kyng himſelfe, with his brother the Duke of Glouceſter, and the Earles of Marſhall, Oxforde, and Suffolke, in the which were all the ſtrong bilmen. The Duke of Exceter vncle to the kyng led the rerewarde, which was mixed both with bilmen and archers. The horſmen like wings went on euery ſide of the battaile.

A[...] the gre[...] force o[...] Englishe [...].Thus the king hauing ordered his batailes, feared not the puiſſance of his enemies, but yet to prouide that they ſhoulde not with the multitude of their horſemen breake the array of his archers, in whome the whole force of his army conſiſted,A pollitike inuen[...]ion. hee cauſed ſtakes bounde wyth Iron ſharpe at bothe endes of the length of .v. or .vj. foot to be pitched before the archers, and of eche ſide the footemen like an hedge, to the entente that if the barded horſes run raſhly vppon them they might ſhortly be gored and deſtroyed: certain perſons alſo were appoynted to remoue y^e ſtakes as by the mouing of the archers occaſion and time ſhoulde require, ſo that the footemen were hedged aboute with ſtakes, and the horſmen ſtoode like a bulwarke betweene them and their enemies, without the ſtakes.

Hall.This deuiſe of fortifying an army, was at this time firſt inuented, but ſince that time they haue deuiſed caltrappes, harrowes, and other newe deuiſes, to defend the force of the horſemen, ſo that if the enemies runne raſhely vpon the ſame, either are their horſes wounded with the ſtakes, or their feete hurt with the other engins, ſo that of neceſſitie for very pa[...] the [...] ly beaſtes are ouerthrowen and brought his the grounde.

Kyng Henry by reaſon of his ſmall number of people, to fill vp hys battailes,Titus Liuius. placed his vauntgarde ſo on the right hande of the maine battaile, whyche hymſelfe led, that the diſtance betwixte them might vnneth be perceyued, and ſo in like caſe was the rerewarde ioyned on the left hand, that y^e one might y^e more readily ſuccour an other in time of neede, when hee hadde thus ordered his battailes, he lefte a ſmall company to keepe his campe, and caryage,Titus Liuius. whiche remained ſtill in the village, and then calling his capitaines and ſouldiours aboute him, hee made to them a right harty [...]ation,King Henrhes oration to his men. requiring them to play the men, that they might obtaine a glorious victorie, as there was good hope they ſhould, if they would remember the iuſte cauſe and quarrell, for the whiche they fought, and agaynſte whome they ſhoulde matche, beeyng ſuche faint harted people, as their auncetors had ſo often ouercome. To conclude, many wordes of comforte he vttered to them, to encourage them to do manfully, aſſuring them that Englande ſhoulde neuer be charged wyth hys raunſome, nor any French man triumph ouer hym as a captiue, for either by famous death, or glorious victorye, woulde hee winne honour and fame.

It is ſaide alſo, that he ſhould heare one of the hoſte vtter hys wiſhe to another, that ſtoode nexte to hym in this wife: I woulde to god there were preſent here with vs this day ſo many good ſouldiours as are at this houre within the Realme of Englande,A vvishe. A noble courage of a valia[...] Prince. whereto the Kyng aunſwered: I woulde not wiſhe a man more here than I haue, wee are in deede in compariſon to the enemies but a fewe: But if God of his clemency doe fauor vs, and our iuſte cauſe, as I truſte he will, there is no man that may or can a ſcribe the victorie gotte againſt ſuche a puiſſant force to our owne ſtrength and might, but onely to Gods aſſiſtaunce, to whome wee ſhall worthily giue thankes therefore. And if ſo bee that for our offences ſakes wee ſhall be deliuered into the hands of our enimies, the leſſe number we be, the leſſe domage ſhal the realme of Englande ſuſteine: but if we ſhould fighte in truſte of multitude of men, and ſo gette the victorie (our mindes being prone to pride) wee ſhoulde therevppon peraduenture aſcribe the victory not ſo muche to the gifte of God, as to our owne puiſſaunce, and thereby prouoke his highe indignation and diſpleaſure againſt vs: and if the enemye gotte the vpper hand, than ſhoulde our Realme and countrey ſuffer more domage and ſtande in further daunger: But be you of good comforte, and ſhewe your ſelues valiant, God and our iuſte quarrell, ſhall defende vs, and deliuer theſe our proude aduerſaries with all the multitude of them whiche you ſee, or at the leaſte the more parte of them into our handes. Whileſt the king was yet thus exhorting hys people, eyther army ſo maligned the other being as then in open ſight, that euery man cryed forward, forwarde. The Dukes of Clarence, Glouceſter, and Yorke, were of the ſame opinion, yet the king ſtayed a while, leaſt any ieoperdy were not foreſeene, or any hazard not preuented. The Frenchmen in the meane while, as thoughe they had bin ſure of victory, made great triumphe, for the captaines had determined before, how to deuide the ſpoile, & the ſouldiours the night before had plaid the engliſhemen at dice. The noble men had deuiſed a chariot, wherin they might triumphantly conuey King Henry beeing captiue to the Citie of Paris, crying to their ſouldiours, haſte you to obtain ſpoile, glory and honour, little remembring that the whirle winde, ſhortely with a puffe, woulde blowe away all their vaine ioye and fooliſhe fantaſticall braggyng: of this doing, you may gather that it is as muche madnes to make a determinate iudgemēt of things to come, as it is wiſedome to doubt what will folow of things begon.Hall. Here we may not forget howe the French men beeing thus in theyr ruffe, ſent an Herault to K. Henry, to enquire of hym what raūſome he would offer, and how he aunſwered, that within .ij. or .iij. houres he hoped that it ſhould ſo happen, that the frenchmen ſhould common rather with the Engliſhmen for their owne raunſomes, than the engliſhemen ſhould neede to take thought for their deliueraūce, promiſing for his owne part, that his dead carcaſſe ſhoulde rather be a pray to the Frenchemen, than that his liuing body ſhould be endangered of paying any raunſom. When the meſſenger was come backe to the frenche hoſte, the men of warre put on their helme[...]tes & cauſed their trumpets to blow to the battaile. They thought themſelues ſo ſure of victory, that diuers of the noble men made ſuche haſte towards the battaile, that they left many of their ſeruauntes and men of warre behinde them, & ſome of them woulde not once ſtaye for their ſtanderts:Tu[...] L[...] as amongeſt other the duke of Brabant when his ſtandert was not come cauſed & baner to be taken from a trumpet, and faſtened to a ſpeare, the which he cōmanded to be borne before him in ſteed of his ſtanderd. But when both theſe armies cōming within fight either of other, & were ſet in order of battaile, they ſtoode ſtill at the firſt, beholding either others deme[...] nor, being not diſtant in ſunder paſt .iij. bowſhootes. And when they had thus ſtoode on both ſides a good while without doing any thing, (except that certaine of the frenche horſemē aduaūcing forward, betwixt both the hoſtes were by the engliſhe archers conſtrained to retourne backe) aduiſe was taken amongeſt the engliſhmen, what was beſt for them to do, and therevpon all things conſidered, it was determined that ſith y^e frenchmē would not come forward, the king wyth his army, embatailed as ye haue heard, ſhoulde marche towards them, & ſo leauing their truſſe & bagage in the village where they lodged the night before, onely wyth theyr weapons, armour, and ſtakes prepared for the purpoſe, as ye haue heard, they made ſomwhat forward, before whō there went an olde knight ſir Tho. Erpingham (a man of great experiēce in the warre) with a warder in his hand, & whē he caſt vp his warder, al the army ſhouted, but that was a ſigne to the archers in the meadow, which therwith ſhot wholy altogither at y^e vawarde of the Frenchemen,The [...]e a[...] mies ioyne [...] taile. who when they perceyued the archers in the medow, and faw they [...] not come at thē, for a [...]che that was betwixte them, with all halfe [...]ette vpon the forewarde of K. Henry, but ere they could ioyne, y^e archers in the forefront, and the archers on y^e ſide which ſtoode in the meadowe, to wounded [...]he footmen, gaſted the horſes, and com[...]red thē men of armes, that the footmen durſt not goe forward, the horſmen ran togither vpon plūps without order, ſome ouerthrewe ſuche as were nexte them, & the horſes ouerthre we their ma[...] ſters, and ſo at the firſt ioyning, the Frenchmen were [...]ly diſcomforted, and the Engliſhmen muche encouraged. When the French vaw[...]d was thus brought to confuſion, the engliſh ac [...]hers rafte away their bowes, and tooke into their handes, axes, maſtes, ſwords, billes, and other hand weapons, and with the ſame flewe the Frenchmē, til they came to the midle ward.

Then approched the K. and ſo encouraged his people, that ſhortly the ſecond battail of the Frenchemen was ouer throwen, and diſperſed, not without greate ſtaughter of men: howbeit, diuers wer relieued by their varlets, and conueyed out of the field. The Engliſhmen were ſo buſied in fighting, & taking of the priſoners at hand, that they folowed not in chaſe of their enemies, nor would once break out of their array of battail. The frenchmen ſtrongly withſtoode the fierceneſſe of the Engliſhmen, when they came to handy ſtrokes, ſo that the fighte was doubtfull and perillous. And when one parte of the french horſmen thought to haue entred vpon the kings battaile, they were with y^e ſtakes ouerthrowen to the grounde, and eyther taken or ſlaine.A [...] king. Thus this battaile continued iij. long houres. The K. that day ſhewed himſelfe a valiant knight, albeit notwithſtanding he was almoſte felled by the duke of Alanſon, yet with plaine ſtrength he flew .ij. of the dukes company, and felled the duke, whome when he woulde haue yelded, the kings garde contrary to his minde outragiouſly ſlewe. And in concluſion, the K. minding to make an end of that daies iorny, cauſed his horſmen to fetch a compaſſe about, and to ioyne with hym againſt the rereward of the frenchmē, in the which was the greateſt number of people. When the frenchmē perceyued his intent, they were ſodenly amazed & ran away like ſheepe, without order or aray[...]: which whē the K. perceyued, he encouraged his men, & folowed ſo quickly vpon the enemies, y^t they ran hither and thither, caſting away theyr armour: and many of them on their knees deſired to haue their liues faued. In the meane ſeaſon, while the battaile thus continued, & that the engliſhemen had taken a greate number of priſoners, certayne frenchemen on horſe backe, wherof wer captains Robinet of Borneu[...]le, Ri[...]ar[...] of C[...]mas, & Iſambert of Aginc[...]t, and other men of armes, to the number of .vj.C. horſmen, which were the firſt that fled, hearing that the engliſh [...]es and pauilions were a good way diſtant from the army, without any ſufficient gard to defend the fame, eyther vpon a couetous meaning to gain by the ſpoil, or vppon a deſire to be reuēged, entred vpō the kings camp, & there ſpoiled the hales, robbed the tents,The kings campe robbed. brake vp cheſts and carried away caſkets, & ſlew ſuche ſeruants as they founde to make any reſiſtance, for the which acte they were after committed to priſon, and had loſte their liues, if the Dolphin had longer liued: for when the outery of the lackies & voyes, which ran away for fear of the frenchmē thus ſpoiling the campe, came to the kings eares, he doubting leſt his enemies ſhould gather together againe, & begin a newe fielde, and miſtruſting further that the priſoners would either be an aide to his enemies, or very enemyes to their take[...]s in deede if they were ſuffred to liue, contrary to his accuſtomed ge[...] tlenes, cōmaunded by ſounde of trūpet, that euery man vpon paine of death, ſhould incoutineri[...]ly flea his priſoner: whē this do[...] decree, [...] [...]po[...] ner[...] and pitifull proclamation was pro[...] ced, pity it was to ſee how ſome frenchmē [...]ere ſodenly ſticked with daggers, ſome were [...] ned with pollaxes, ſome ſlaine with ma[...] other had their throates [...]ut, and ſome their bellies panched, ſo that in effect, hauing reſpect to y^e greate number, fewe priſoners were ſaued. When this lamentable ſlaughter was ended, y^e engliſhmen diſpoſed thēſelues in order of battayle, ready to abide a newe fielde, and alſo to inuade, and newly ſet on their enemies,A fresh onſe[...] and ſo with great force they aſſailed y^e erles of Marle and Fawconbridge, and the lords of Lo[...] & of Thine y^t which with vj.C. men of armes had all day kepte togither,Titus Liui[...]. and were now ſlaine and beatē down out of [...]and. Some w[...]te, that the K. perceiuing his enemyes in one parte to aſſemble togither, as though they ment to giue a new bat[...]ail for preſeruation of the priſoners, ſent to them an Herrault commaunding them either to depart out of his ſight, or elſe to come forward at once, and giue battaile, promiſing herewith, that if they did offer to fighte agayne not only thoſe priſoners whiche his people allredy had taken, but alſo ſo many of them as in this new conflicte, which they thus attempted ſhould fall into his hands, ſhould dye the death without redemtion. The frenchmen fearing y^e ſentence of ſo terrible a decree, without further delay departed out of the fielde. And ſo aboute foure of the clocke in the after noone, the Kyng when he ſawe no apparaunce of enemies, cauſed the retrefte to bee blowen, and gathering his army togither,Thankes giuen to God for the victorie. gaue thankes to almightie god for ſo happy a victory, cauſing his prelates and chapleines to ſing this pſalme. In exi[...] Iſraell de Egipto, and cōmaundyng euery man to kneele downe on the grounde at this verſe. Non nobis domine, A vvorthy example of a godly prince. non nobis, ſed nomini tuo da gloriā. Which done, he cauſed Te Deum, with certain anthēs to be ſong, giuing land & praiſe to god and not boaſting of his owne force or any humaine power.Titus Liuius. That night he & his people tooke reſt and refreſhed themſelues with ſuch victuals as they foūd in the french campe, but lodged in the ſame village, where he lay the night before: and in the morning, Mountioy K. at armes & foure other french Herraults came to the K to knowe the number of priſoners, & to deſire buriall for the dead: Before he made thē anſwere (to vnderſtād what they would ſay) he demaū ded of them why they made to him that requeſt conſidering that hee knewe not whether y^e victory was to be attributed to him, or to their nation but: when Montioy by true and iuſt confe[...]ſion had cleared that doubt to y^e highe praiſe of the K. he deſired of Montioye to vnderſtand the name of the Caſtell neare adioyning: when they had told him that it was called Agincort,The battalle of Agin[...]e. he ſaid that this conflict ſhal be called the batail of Agincourte. He feaſted the frenche officers of armes that daye, and graunted them their requeſte, which buſily ſought throughe the fielde for ſuche as were ſlaine, but the engliſhmē ſuffred thē not to go alone, for they ſearched wyth them, & found many hurte, but not in ieoperdy of their liues, whom they took priſoners, & brought them to their tents. Whē the K. of Englande had well refreſhed himſelfe, & his ſouldiours, and had taken the ſpoile of ſuche as were ſlaine, hee wyth his priſoners in good order returned to his towne of Callais: Whē tidings of this greate victory, was blowen into Englande, ſolempne proceſſions and other praiſings to almightie God wyth bonfiers, & ioyfull triumphes,The ſame day that the nevve [...] vvent to VVeſtminſter to rece[...]e [...] o[...]e, the aduertiment of this noble vic [...]ie came to the citie in the morning beti[...]s [...]e men vvere [...]p from theyr beddes
Register of Maiors. were ordeined in euery towne, City, and borough, & the maior & citizēs of London, went the morrow after the daye of S. Simon and Iude from the Church of S. Paule to the church of S. Peter at Weſtminſter in deuoute maner, rendring to God harty thanks for ſuch fortunate lucke ſent to the king and his army. The ſame Sonday that the K. remoued from the campe at Agincourte towards Calais, diuers frenchmē came to the field to view againe the dead bodies, & the peaſants of the countrey ſpoiled the carcaſſes of all ſuch apparell & other things as the engliſhmen had left: for they took nothing but gold & ſiluer, iewels, riche aparell and coſtly armour, but the ploughmē & peaſāts lefte nothing behinde, neither ſhirt no[...] [...] ſo that the bodies lay ſtark naked till [...] day, on the whiche day diuers of the noble [...] were conueied into their countries, [...] mainaunte were by Phillip Earle Char[...] [...] (ſore lamenting the chaunce, & moued with [...] ty) at his coſte and chardge buried in a [...] plot of grounde of .xv.C. yardes, in the [...] he cauſed to be made .iij. pittes, wherein [...] buried by accompte .v.M. and viii.C. [...] beſide thē that were caried away by their [...] and ſeruants, and other which being [...] died in hoſpitaries and other places, [...] dolorous iourney and pitifull ſlaughter, [...] clerks of Paris made many lamentable [...] complaining that the king reigned by will, [...] that counſellors were parciall, affir[...] [...] noble men fled agaynſt nature, and that the [...] mons were deſtroied by their predi[...], declaring alſo that the Clergie were [...] durſte not ſaye the truthe, and that the [...] commons duly obeied, and yet eu[...] [...] [...] niſhemēt, for which cauſe by deuine [...] on the leſſe nūber vanquiſhed the greter: [...] fore they concluded, that al things went out of order, and yet was there no man that [...] to bring the vnruly to frame: it was no [...] thoughe this battaile was lamentable [...] french nation, for in it were taken and [...] flower of al the Nobilitie of Fraunce:Noble and [...]. [...] wer taken priſoners Charles duke of [...], nephew to the frēch K. Io. duke of Bo[...], the Lorde Bouciqualt one of the marſhals of Fraūce, which died in England wyth a m[...] der of other lords, knightes, and eſquie[...] [...] leaſte .xv C. beſide the common people.The [...] on the frenche [...] Engli[...] ſlains. There were ſlaine in al of the frenche parte to the [...] ber of .x.M. men, where of were Princes and noble men bearing baners. Exxvj. & of [...] eſquiers & gentlemen in the whole were [...] viij.M.iiij C. (of the whiche .v.C. were [...] bed knights the night before the battail [...] of other the meaner ſorte there died not [...] xvj C. Amongeſt thoſe of the Nobilitie that were ſlain, theſe were the chiefeſt, Charles, lord de la Breth high conſtable of Fraunce, I[...] of Chatilō L. of Dāpierre Admiral of France, the L. Rambures maſter of the croſbowes, de Guiſchard Dolphin greate maſter of Fra[...], Io. duke of Alanſon, Anthony duke of B[...] bāt, brother to the duke of Burgoīne, Edward duke of Bar, the erle of Neuers another [...] ther to the duke of Burgoine, with the [...] of Marle, Vaudemont, Beaumont, Gra[...], Rouſſi, Fanconberg, Fois, and Leſ[...]rake, beſide a greate number of Lords and Barons of name: Of engliſhmē, there died at this battay[...] Edward duke of Yorke, the earle of Suffolke, Sir Richard Kikeley,Engliſhmen [...]yne. and Dauy Ga[...]e Eſquier, and of all other, not aboue .xxv. perſons, if you will credite ſuch as write miracles but other Writers of greater credite affirme, that there were ſlaine aboue fiue or ſixe C. perſons. Titus Liuius ſayeth, that there were ſlaine of Engliſhmen beſide the Duke of Yorke, and the Erle of Suffolke, an C. perſons at the firſt encounter:Titus Liuius. the Duke of Glouceſter the kings brother was ſore woūded about the hippes, & borne downe to the ground, ſo that he fel backwards, with his feete towards his enimies, whome the K. beſtri[...], and like a brother, valiantly reſcued him from his enimies, and ſo ſauing his life, cauſed him to be conueyed out of the fight, into a place of more ſafetie.

Hall.After that the K. of England had refreſſed him ſelfe, and his people at Calais, and that ſuch priſoners as he had left at Harflew (as yee haue heard) were come to Calais vnto him the ſixth daye of Nouēber, he with all his priſoners tooke ſhipping, & the ſame day lāded at Douer, hauing with him the dead bodies of the Duke of Yorke, & of the Earle of Suffolke, & cauſed y^e Duke to be buried at his colledge of Fodringhey, & the Earle at new Elme. In this paſſage, the Seas were ſo rough & troublous, that two ſhips belonging to ſir Iohn Cornewall; Lorde Fanhope, were driuen into Zeland, howbeit, nothing was loſt, nor any perſon periſhed. The Maior of London, and y^e Aldermen, apparelled in oryent grained ſcarlet, and four C. commoners, clad in beautifull murrey, well mounted, and trimly horſed with rich collers, and greate rhaines, met the K. on black heath, reioicing at his returne. And the Clergie of London, with rich Croſſes, ſumptuous copes, and maſſie cenſers, receiued him, at S. Thomas of Waterings,Titus Liuius. with ſolemne proceſſion. The K. like a graue and ſober perſonage, and as one remembring from whome al victories are ſent, ſeemed little to regard ſuche vaine pompe & ſhewes as were in triumphāt ſort deuiſed for his welcomming home from ſo proſperous a iourney,The great mod[...]e of the K. in ſo much, that he would not ſuffer his helmet to be caried with him, and ſhewed to the people, that they might behold the dintes and cuttes whiche appeared in y^e ſame, of ſuch blowes and ſtripes, as hee receiued the daye of the battell: neyther woulde he ſuffer any dities to be made & ſong by minſtrels, of his glorious victorie, for that he would whollie haue the praiſe and thankes altogither giuen to God. The newes of thys bloudy battell being reported to the French K. as then ſoiourning at Roan, filled the Courte full of ſorrowe, but to remedie ſuche danger as was like to enſue, it was decreed by counſel, to ordeine newe officers in places of thē that were ſlaine: and firſte, hee elected his chiefe officer for the warres, called the Conneſtable, the Earle of Arminacke, a wiſe and politike Captaine, and an [...]ti[...]te enimie to the Engliſhmen. Sir Iohn de Corſey was made maſter of the croſſebowes.

Shortly after, other for melancholy that he had for the loſſe at Agi[...]court, or by ſome [...]odayne diſeaſe, Lewes Dolphin of Vlennoyes,The death of the Dolphin of France. hei[...] apparant to the Frenche King, departed this life without iſſue, which happened well for Robyn[...] of Bouen[...] and his fellowes, as yee haue hearde before, for his death was theyr life, and his life would haue bin their death.

After that the French King had created new officers,1416 in hope to relieue the ſtate of his realme and countrey, ſore [...]aken by the late greate ouerthrowe, it chanced, that Thomas Duke of Exeter, Captaine of Harflewe, accompanyed with three thouſand Engliſhmē, made a great roade into Normandie, almoſt to the Citie of Roan, in whiche iourney, he got greate abundance, both of riches and priſoners: but in hys returne, the Earle of Arminacke newly made Conneſtable of France, intending in his fyrſte enterprice to winne his ſpurres, hauing with him aboue fiue thouſand horſemen,A ſore conflicte. encountred with the Duke: the fight was handled on both partes very hotely, but bycauſe the Engliſhmen were not able to reſiſt y^e force of y^e frenchmen the Duke was conſtreined to retire with loſſe at the leaſt of three C. of his footemen, yet being withdrawē into an orchard, which was ſtrōgly fenced and hedged about with thornes, the Frenchmen were not able to enter vpon the Engliſhmen, but yet they tooke from them all their horſes and ſpoyle, and aſſaulted them, till it was night, and then retired backe to y^e town, not far diſtāt from y^e place where they fought, called Vallemōt, this was vpon y^e fourtēth day of Marche, and in the morning, vpon y^e breake of the daye, the Engliſhmen iſſued forth of the orcharde, where they had kepte thēſelues all y^e night, and drew towardes Harflewe, whereof the Frenchmen being aduertiſed, followed thē, and ouertooke them vppon the ſandes, neere to Chiefe de Caux, and there ſet on them: but in y^e ende, the Frenchmen were diſcomfited, and a greate number of them ſlaine by the Engliſhmē, which afterwardes returned without more adoe vnto Harflew. The french writers blame the Conneſtable for this loſſe, bycauſe hee kepte vpon the high grounde with a number of men of warre, and woulde not come downe to ayde his fellowes.

In this fourth yeare of K. Henries raigne, Anno re. 4. The Emperor Sigiſmond cō meth into Eng[...] the Emperor Sigiſmond, conūn germaine to K. Henry, came into Englād, to the intēt, that he might make an attonement betwene Kyng Henry, and the french king: with whom he had bin before, bringing with hym the Archebiſhop of Reines,Titus Liuius. as ambaſſador for the french kyng. At Callais hee was honourably receiued by the Earle of Warwicke Lorde deputy there, and diuers other Lords, ſente thither of purpoſe to attende hym. Moreouer, the king ſente thither xxx. greate ſhips to bring hym and his traine ouer.The ſtraunge manner of receuing the Emperour at Douer. At Douer the duke of Gloceſter, and diuers other Lordes were ready to receyue hym, who at his approching to land, entred the water with their ſwordes in their handes drawen, and by the mouth of the ſaide duke, declared to hym, that if hee intended to enter the lande as the kings friend, and as a mediator to intreate for peace, he ſhoulde be ſuffred to arriue: but if he would enter as an Emperor into a land vnder his Imperiall iuriſdiction, then were they ready to reſiſt hym. This was thought neceſſarie to be done, for ſauing of the kings prerogatiue, whiche hathefull preeminence within his owne realme, as an abſolute prince or Emperour: when the Emperor herevpon anſwered that he was come as the kings friend, and as a mediator for peace, and not with any imperial aucthoritie, hee was of the Duke and other his aſſociats receiued with al ſuch honor as might be deuiſed. The king with all his nobilitie receiued hym on Blacke Heathe, the .vij daye of May, and broughte him throughe London to Weſtminſter,Albert duke of Hollande commeth into Englande. with gheate triumphe. Shortly after there came alſo into England, Albert duke of Holland, who was likewiſe friendly enterteyned. Both theſe princes, the Emperour and the duke of Holland were conueyed to Windſore, to ſaint Georges feaſt, and elected companions of the noble order of the Garter, and had the collar and habite of the ſame to them deliuered & ſat in their ſtalls al the ſolemnity of the feaſt. Shortly after that the feaſt was finiſhed, the Duke of Hollande returned into his countrey, but the Emperour tarried ſtil, and aſſayed all maner of meanes to perſwade the Kyng to a peace wyth the Frenchmen: but their euill hap, as they that were appointed by gods prouidēce to ſuffer more domage at the Engliſhmens handes, woulde not permit his perſwaſions to take place: for wheras peace was euen almoſte entring in at the gates, the King was ſodainely ſtirred to diſpleaſure, vppon a newe occaſion, for he beeing aduertiſed of the loſſe of his men at the late conflicte in the territorie of Roan, (as ye haue heard) refuſed to heare this worde peace once named. The Emperor like a wiſe Prince,The Emperour an earneſt mediator for peace. paſſed ouer that time til an other ſeaſon, that ſome fauorable aſpect of the planets ſhould ſeeme to further hys purpoſe, and when he thought the ſame was come[...], he broched againe the veſſell of concorde and mit[...], which hee put in ſo faire a cup, and preſented it [...] ſuche effectuous wordes, that ſurely the Kyng had taſted it, if word had not bin brought about the ſame time,Harflevv beſieged by the French[...]. that Harflew was beſieged of y^e french both by water and by land, as it was [...] deede: for the conſtable of Fraunce encouraged with his laſt victory (though the ſame was not muche to his praiſe) aſſembled an army, & [...] a ſodaine laid ſiege to the town, and at the ſame inſtant Iohn Vicount of Narbon the vice admirall of Fraunce, brought the whole N[...] the riuage and ſhore adioining to the towne, in purpoſe to haue entred by the water ſide, but the duke of Exceter defeated their intent, and de[...] ded the Towne very manfully. Kyng Henry aduertiſed hereof, ment at the firſt to haue go[...]e wyth his nauy in perſon to the ſuccours of his men, but the Emperor diſſuaded hym from that purpoſe, aduiſing him rather to ſend ſome one of his captains. The king folowing his louing and reaſonable aduertiſement, appoynted hys brother the duke of Bedford accompanied with the Earles of Marche, Marſhall, Oxforde, Huntington, Warwicke, Arundell, Sariſbury, Deuonſhire, and diuers Barons, with .ij.C. ſaile to paſſe into Normandy, for reſcue of the towne of Harflew,Titus. L[...] which vſing great diligēce ſhipped at Rie, and after ſome hinderance by contrary windes, at lengthe came to the mouthe of the riuer of Sayne on the day of the Aſſumption of our Lady: When the Vicount of Narbone perceiued the engliſhe nauy to approche, he couragiouſly ſet forewarde, and g[...]t the poſſeſſion of the mouthe of the hauen. The duke of Bedford ſeing his enimies thus fiercely to come forward, ſette before certaine ſtrong ſhips, which at the firſt encounter vanquiſhed,A greate [...] throvve by [...] gi[...] to [...] Frenche by [...] Duke of B[...] forde. and tooke .ij. french ſhips, the captaines whereof were to raſhe & forward. The duke followed with all his puiſſaunce, and ſet vpon his enemies, the fight was long, but not ſo long, as perilous, nor ſo perilous, as terrible, (for battailes on the ſea are deſperate) till at length the victory fell to the Engliſhmen, ſo that almoſte all the whole Nauy of Fraunce, in the whiche were many Shippes, Hulkes, Carikes, and other ſmall veſſels, to the number of .v.C. was ſunke and taken. Amongſt other veſſelles that were taken, three greate Carikes of Genoa,T[...]tus L[...] a citie in Italy, were ſent into England. In the ſame conflicte were ſlaine of the frenchemen no ſmall number, as appeared by the dead bodies, which were ſene euery day ſwimming about y^e Engliſh ſhips. After this, Titus Li[...] Harflevv [...]ed by the [...]. the duke of Bedford ſailed vp to Harflew, & refreſhed y^e town both with victual and money (nothwithſtanding that French galleys did what they could to haue letted that enterprice.) When the Earle of Arminacke hearde that the puiſſant nauie of Fraunce was vanquiſhed, hee reiſed his ſiege, and returned to Paris. After this diſcomfiture and loſſe, the puiſſance of the Frenchmen began to decay, for now the Princes and nobles of the Realme fell into deuiſion and diſcord amōg themſelues, ſtudying how to reuenge their olde iniuries, [...]ll diſ [...] amongſt [...]e nobles [...]o France. ſo that they refuſed to take payne for the aduancement of the publique weale, and ſafegard of their countrey, and therevpon through priuie diſpleaſure, and couerte hatred, their power beganne to waxe ſo ſlender, and their libertie broughte into ſuche a malitious diuerſitie, and doubtfull difference, that it was maruell their countrey hadde not bin brought into a perpetuall bondage, whiche thing no doubt had followed, if King Henrie hadde longer liued in this mutable world: for as vppon one inconuenience ſuffered, many do followe, ſo was it in Fraunce at that time: for the King was not of ſound memorie: the warre that was toward, ſeemed both doubtful and perilous: the Princes were vntruſtie and at diſcord, and a hundred things moe, (whiche might bryng a realme to ruine,) were out of frame and order in Fraunce in thoſe dayes. After that the Duke of Bedford was returned backe againe into England with great triumph and glory, he was not ſo muche thanked of the King his brother, as praiſed of y^e Emperor Sigiſmond, being to him a ſtranger, whiche ſaide openly, that happie are thoſe ſubiectes, whiche haue ſuche a K. but more happie is the K. that hath ſuch ſubiects. When y^e Emperor perceiued that it was in vain to moue further for peace, he left off that treatie, and entred himſelfe into a league with K. Henrie, the contēts of which league cōſiſted chiefly in theſe articles, Titus Liuius. The Emperor [...]eth into league with King Henry. that both y^e ſaid Emperor, and K. theyr heires and ſucceſſors, ſhould be friends each to other, as alies and confederates againſte all manner of perſons of what eſtate or degree ſo euer they were (the Churche of Rome,The con[...]ēts of the league. and the Pope for y^e time being only excepted) and that neyther they, nor their heires nor ſucceſſors ſhoulde bee preſent in counſell, or other place, where either of them, or his heires or ſucceſſors might ſuſteine domage, in lands, goodes, honors, ſtates, or perſons: & that if any of them ſhould vnderſtande of loſſe or hinderance to be like to fall or happen to the others, they ſhould impeache the ſame, or if y^t lay not in their powers, they ſhould aduertiſe the others thereof, with all conuenient ſpeede: and y^e either of them, and their heires and ſucceſſors, ſhould aduance the others honor and commoditie, without fraude or deceipt. Moreouer, y^e neyther of thē, nor their heires nor ſucceſſors ſhould permitte their ſubiects to leuie warres agaynſt the others, and that it ſhould be lawfull and free for each of their ſubiects, to paſſe into the others countrey, & there to remayne and make merchā dice, either by ſea or lande, paying the cuſtomes, gabels, and dueties due and accuſtomed, according to the lawes and ordinances of the places & countreys where they chanced to ariue. Furthermore, that neither of the ſaide Princes, nor their heires nor ſucceſſors ſhould receiue any rebell, baniſhed man, or traitors of the others wittingly, but ſhould cauſe euery ſuch perſon to auoide out of their countreys, realmes, dominiōs, and iuriſdictions. Againe, that neither of the ſaid Princes, their heires, nor ſucceſſors ſhoulde begin any warres againſte anye other perſon, other than ſuche as they had warres with at that preſent, without conſente of the other his confederate, except in defence of themſelues, their con̄ treis, & ſubiects, in caſe of inuaſiō made vpō thē. Alſo, that it ſhould be lawfull for the K. of England, to proſecute his warres againſt the Frēchmē, for recouerie of his right, as ſhould ſeeme to him expediente, and likewiſe to y^e Emperor, for recouerie of any part of hys right in France, ſo y^t neither of thē did preiudice y^e others right in y^t behalfe. Laſtly, that either of thē ſhould aſſiſt the other in recouerie, and cōqueſt of their right, lāds, and dominions, ocupyed, with holden, and kept frō them, by him that called himſelf K. of Frāce, and other y^t princes & Barōs of France. This aliance, with other cōditions, agreemēts, and articles, was cōcluded & eſtabliſhed the .19. daye of October, in y^e yere of our Lord .1416. This done,Titus Liuius. the Emperor returned homewards, to paſſe into Germany, & the K. partly to ſhew him pleaſure, & partly bycauſe of his owne affayres, aſſociated him to his towne of Calais. During the time of their abode there, the Duke of Burgoigne offered to come to Calais, to ſpeake with the Emperor and the K. bycauſe he had knowledge of y^e league that was cōcluded betwixt them: the K. ſent his brother the Duke of Glouceſter, and the Erle of March to the water of Graueling, to be hoſtages for the Duke of Burgoigne: and alſo y^e Earle of Warwike, with a noble cōpany to cō duct him to his preſence. At Graueling fourd the Dukes met, & after ſalutations done, the Duke of Burgoigne was conueyed to Calais, where of y^e Emperor and the K. hee was highly welcomed & feaſted. Heere is to be noted,Continuation de la chronicle de Flanders. that in Iune laſt, y^e K. of Englād had ſent the Erle of Warwike, and other vnto y^e Duke of Burgoigne, as then remaining at Liſle,A truce betweene the K. and the Duke of Burgoigne. where by y^e diligēt trauaile of thoſe engliſh Ambaſſadors a truce was concluded betwixte the K. of England, and the Duke of Burgoigne, touching onely the Counties of Flanders, and Arthois, to endure from the feaſt of S. Iohn Baptiſt, in that preſente yeare. 1416. vnto the feaſt of Sainte Michaell, in the yeare nexte enſuing, whiche truce at the Dukes being now at Calais, (when no further agreement could be concluded) was prolonged vnto the feaſt of S. Michaell, that ſhould be in y^e yere 1419. The Duke of Glouceſter was receyued at Graueling, by the Erle Charroloys, and by him honorably coueyed to S. Omers, and there lodged that night. The next day, the Erle Charroloys came with diuers noble men, to viſit y^e duke of Glouceſter in his lodging, and whē he entred into y^e chamber, the dukes backe was towardes him, talking with ſome one of his ſeruauntes, & did not ſee nor welcome the Erle at his firſt entrie, but after he ſayde to him ſhortly without any great reuerence, or comming towards hym, you be welcome faire couſin, and ſo paſſed forth his tale with his ſeruāts. The Erle Charroloys for all his youth, was not wel content therwith, but yet ſuffered for that time. Whē the Duke of Burgoigne had done all his buſines at Calais, after the ninth daye, hee returned to Graueling, where the D. of Glouceſter & he met againe, and louingly departed, y^e one to Calais, & the other to S. Omers, for the whiche voyage, the Duke of Burgoigne was ſuſpected to bee enimie to the Crowne of Frāce. After the dukes departing frō Calais, y^e Emperour was highly feaſted and rewarded, & at his pleaſure, ſailed into Holland, & ſo roade towards Beame. The K. likewiſe tooke ſhip▪ & returned into Englād, on S. Lukes euē.

Aboute the ſame time, the Kyng ſente newe Ambaſſadors vnto y^e generall Counſell, whych ſtil cōtinued at Conſtance, whither y^e Emperor Sigiſmonde alſo returned,Tit. Liuius. that in y^e matter for aboliſhing y^e Sciſme (which in y^e ſeaſon diſquieted y^e Church of Rome, about y^e admitting of a true Pope) they might vſe al meanes, for the reducing of the parties to an vnitie: wherfore, by y^e conſente alſo of all nations, it was ordeyned in this Counſell, that this Realme ſhould haue the name of the Engliſhe nation,The prerogatiue of the Engliſhe natiō in the general Counſell. and bee called and reputed for one of y^e fiue nations that obeyed the Romane B. whiche to grante before that tyme, through enuie, y^e people of other nations had vtterlie refuſed.Tho. VValſ. The nintenth of October, the Parliament y^t had bin brokē vp, by reaſon of y^e Emperors cōming, began againe at Weſt. & there in opē audience,The Kings Oration. the K. made to thē a ſhort & pithie oratiō, declaring y^e iniuries lately done, & cōmitted by y^e french nation, ſhewing alſo the iuſt and lawful occaſiō of his warres, ſignifying furthermore y^e great diſcord & ciuil diſſentiō which raigned amongſt y^e nobilitie of Frāce, reherſing many things, for y^e which it were neceſſarie to follow y^e warres now in hande againſt thē, & that without delay: he therefore deſired thē to prouide for money & treaſure, y^t nothing ſhould be wanting, whē neede required: his requeſt heerein was granted, for euery mā was willing and glad to further y^t voiage, ſo that the Clergie grāted two diſmes, & the laitie a whole fiftēth.The Duke of Bedford re[...] of England. In this Parliamēt alſo, Iohn D. of Bedford, was made gouernor or regēt of y^e realme, to hold & enioy y^e office, ſo long as the K. was occupied in the french warres. Moreouer, in this Parliamēt,Thom. VV[...]l. the King gaue to y^e D. of Exeter a M. pounds by yere, to be paid out of his own cofers, beſides .40. pounds yerely, which he was to receiue of y^e town of Exeter of the kings reuenewes there, & had the ſame grant confirmed, by authoritie of y^e Parliament, in ſomuch y^e ſome write, y^t in this Parliamēt, he was made D. of Exeter, & not before. The king kept his Chriſtmas at Kenilworth, & the morrow after Chriſtmas day,Libelles. were certain writings caſt abroade, in greate mens houſes, & almoſt in euery Iune, within y^e towns of S. Albōs, Northampton, & Reading, conteining ſharp reprofes againſt al eſtates of the Church, & it could not be knowen from whence thoſe writings came, nor who was the author of them.1417 The K. very earneſtly procured all things to be made ready for the warre, meaning to paſſe the next Sōmer ouer into Fraunce, to recouer his right by force, which by no other meane he ſaw how to obteine. In this meane while,An. reg. 5. had the Frenchmen hired a great nūber of Genewaies & Italians, with certaine Carrickes and galleis well appointed,Tit. Liui[...]. the which being ioyned with the Frenche fleete, lay at the mouth of the riuer of Saine, and vp within the ſame riuer, both to ſtoppe all ſuccour by Sea that ſhould come to them within Harflew, and alſo to waft abroade, and do what domage they could vnto the Engliſh, as occaſion ſerued.

The Kyng therefore eare hee paſſed ouer himſelfe, ſent the Earle of Huntington to ſearch and ſcoure the Seas, leaſt any Frenchmen, lying thus in awaite for him, might ſurpriſe him, ere he ſhould haue knowledge to auoide the danger. This luſtie Earle, called Iohn Holland, ſon to the Earle of Huntington, otherwiſe called D. of Exeter, beheaded at Circeter, in the tyme of K. Henry the fourth,A great exployte bei[...] done by the Earle of H[...] tington. and couſin to the K. with a greate nauie of ſhips, ſearched the Sea, from the one coaſt to the other, and in concluſion, encountred with nine of thoſe greate Carikes of Genes (the which the L. Iaques, the baſtard of Bourbō had reteined to ſerue the french K.) and ſet on thē ſharply. The conflict was great, & the fight long,Tit. Li[...] (continuing the more part of a Sommers day) but in cōcluſion, the frenchmen & Italians were ouercome, & fled, three of the greateſt Carikes w^t their patrones, & Monſ. Iaques de Burbon their Admiral, were takē, w^t as much money as ſhuld haue paid y^e ſouldiers of y^e whole fleete for halfe a yere, & thre other Carikes wer bowged.Tit. Li[...] The erle returning backe with this good lucke, found the King at Hampton, who receiued him with thankes, as he had well deſerued. Shortly after, vpon y^e three and twentith of Iuly, the King tooke his Ship at Porteſmouth, accompanyed with the Dukes of Clarence and Glouceſter, the Earles of Huntington, Marſhal, Warwicke, Deuonſhire, Saliſburie Suffolke, & Somerſet, the lordes Roſſe, Willoughby, Fitz Hugh, Clintō, Scrope, Matreuers, Bourchier, Ferreis of Groby, and Ferreis of Chartley, Fauhope, Gray of Codnore, ſir Gilbert Vmfreuile,King Henry ariueth in Normandie. ſir Gilbert Talbot, & diuers other, and ſo hauing winde & wether to his deſire y^e firſt day of Auguſt, he lāded in Normādy nere to a caſtel called Touque, where he conſulted w^t his Captaines, what way was beſt for him to take cōcerning his high enterprice. His army cō teined y^e nūber of .xvj.M. and four C. ſouldiers & men of war of his own purueiāce,The number of the whole armye. beſide other. The D. of Clarēce had in his retinue a C. lances, & three C. archers, and beſide him, ther were three Erles, which had two C. & 40. lances, and xvij.C. and twētie archers. The D. of Glouceſter four C. and 70. lances,T[...]s. Liuius. & 14. C. and ten archers. The erles of March, Marſhal, Warwike, & Saliſburie, each of thē one C. lances, and three C. archers apeece. The erle of Huntington fortie lances, & vj. ſcore arches. The erle of Suffolk 30. lances, & xc. arches. Beſide theſe, there were .13. Lords, as Burguennie, Matreuers. Fitz Hugh, Clifford, Grey, Willoughby, Talbot, Courtney, Burchier, Roos, Louell, Ferrers of Chareley, & Harington, y^e which had in their retinue the nūber of fiue C. & ſixe lances, & 15. C. and 80. archers. Alſo, ther were in this army .77. knightes, which had vnder thē .9. C. and .45. lances, & two M. eight C. and 52. archers, ſo y^t in all, ther were 25. M. fiue C. & .28. fighting mē, of which nūber, euery fourth mā was a lance: beſide the ſouldiers & men of war, ther were a M Maſons, Carpenters, & other labourers. The Normās hearing of y^e Kings ariual,The Normans [...]ee to the walled townes. were ſuddenly ſtrikē with ſuche feare, y^t they fled out of their houſes, leauing the townes & villages, & with their wiues, and children, bagge, & baggage, gote thē into the walled townes, preparing there to defend themſelues, & with all ſpeede, ſent to the French king, requiring him to prouide for the defence & preſeruation of his louing ſubiects: heerevpon, the men of warre were appointed to reſorte into y^e ſtrong townes, to lie within y^e ſame in garriſons, to reſiſt the power of the Engliſhmen, ſo that all the walled Townes and Caſtels in Normandy, were furniſhed, with men, munition and vittailes. The King of Englande, when hee had reſolued with his Counſell for his proceeding in his enterpriſes,Touque caſtel [...]ſieged by [...]e Engliſhmē [...]d taken. layd ſiege vnto the Caſtell of Touque. The Duke of Glouceſter that ledde the fore warde, had the charge of that ſiege, the whiche by force of aſſaultes, and other warlike meanes, brought it to that point, that they within yeelded y^e place into his hands, the ninth day of Auguſt. The Earle of Saliſburie alſo which ledde the ſeconde warde or battell of the Engliſhe hoſte,Ambeivilliers caſtell taken. tooke the Caſtel of Aunbreuilliers, the which was giuē to him by the King, and ſo this Earle was the firſt that had any place graunted to him of the kyngs free gift, in this new conqueſt.

The King made at the winning of Touque eight and twentie Knightes, and left ſir Robert Kirkeley Captayne there. After this, vpon deliberate aduice taken how to proceede further in this buſineſſe, it was determined, that the King ſhould goe to Cain, and therevppon he ſet foreward toward that towne in moſt warlike order, waſting the countrey on euery ſide as he paſſed.

The Towne of Caen, ſtandeth in a playne fertile Coūtrey, no ſtronger walled, than deepe ditched, and as then well vitayled and repleniſhed with people, for the Citizens fearing the Kinges comming, had prouided all things neceſſarie and defenſible. The King doubting leaſt the Frenchmen, vpon knowledge had of his approch to the Towne, woulde haue brunes the ſuburbes and other buildings without y^e walles, ſent the Duke of Clarence with a thouſand men before him, to preuente them. The Duke comming thither, founde the ſuburbes already ſet on fire, but he vſed ſuch diligence to quench y^e ſame, that the moſt part of the houſes were ſaued. Hee alſo wanne the Abbey Churche of Saint Stephen, whiche the Frenchmen were in hand with to haue ouerthrowen, by vndermining the pillers, but the Duke obteyning the place, filled vp the mines, and ſo preſerued the Churche from ruine.

Hee alſo wanne a Erlle of Nunnes, verye ſtrongly fenced, after the manner of warre:Caen beſieged then came the King before the Towne, who cauſed forthwith to be caſt a deepe trench, with an high Mount, to kepe them within front iſſuing forth, and that done, began fiercely to aſſault y^e towne, but they within, ſtoode manfully to their defence, ſo that there was ſore and cruell fight betwixte them, and their enimies: but when King Henrie perceyued that hee loſt more than hee warm by his dayly aſſaultes, he[...] left off anye more to aſſault it, and determined to ouerthrow y^e walles, with vndermining, wherefore with al diligence, the Pioners caſt trenches, made mines, and broughte tymber, ſo that within a fewe dayes, the walles ſtoode only vpon poſtes, ready to fall, when fire ſhould be put to them.Tit. Liuius. The king meaning now to giue a generall aſſaulte, cauſed all the Captaines to aſſemble before him in coūſell, vnto whom he declared his purpoſe, cōmaunding them not before the nexte day to vtter it, till by ſound of trumpet they ſhoulde haue warning to ſet forwarde, towarde the walles, leaſt his determination being diſcloſed to the enimies, myght cauſe them to prouide the better for their owne defence.

Moreouer, he preſcribed vnto them, what order he woulde haue them to keepe, in giuing the aſſault,The order of the aſsault. and that was this, that euery Captaine deuiding his bande into three ſeuerall portions, they might be ready one to ſucceede in an others place, as thoſe which fought, ſhoulde happely bee driuen backe and repulſed.

In the morning nexte following, beeing the fourth of September, ſomewhat before y^e breake of the day, hee cauſed his people to approche the walles, & to ſhewe countenance, as though they would giue a general aſſault, & whileſt they we[...] buſied in aſſayling and defending on both ſides, the Engliſhmen perred, and brake through the walles by diuers holes and ouertures made by y^e Pioners, vnder the foundation: yet the King vppon diuers reſpectes, offered them within pardon of life, if they woulde yeeld themſelues and the towne to his mercie, but they refuſing that to doe, the aſſault was newly begun, and after ſore fighte,Tit. Liuius. continued for the ſpace of an houre, the Engliſhmen preuailed, and ſlew ſo many as they found with weapon in hand, ready to reſiſt them. The Duke of Clarence was the firſt that entred with his people, and hauing gote the one part of the towne, aſſayled them that kepte the bridge, and by force beating them backe, paſſed the ſame, and ſo came to the walles on the other ſide of the Towne, where the fighte was ſharpe and fierce betwixte the aſſaylauntes and defendauntes, but the Duke with his people ſettyng on the Frenchmen behinde, as they ſtoode at defruce on the walles, eaſily vanquiſhed them, ſo that the other Engliſhmen entred at their pleaſure.Caen taken by the Engliſhmē Thus when the King was poſſeſſed of the towne, hee incontinently commaunded all armours and weapōs to be brought into one place, whiche was immediately done, without anye gayneſay: then the miſerable people came before the kings preſence, and kneeling on their knees, held vp their handes, and cryed mercy, mercy, to whome the Kyng gaue certayne comfortable wordes, and bad them ſtande vp: all the nighte following, be cauſed his army to keepe thēſelues in order of battell within the towne, and on the nexte morning, called all the magiſtrates and gouernours of the towne into the Senate houſe, where ſome for their wilfull ſtubberneſſe, were adiudged to die, other were ſore fined and raunſomed. Then he calling togither his ſouldiers & men of warre, not onely gaue them great prayſes and high commendations for their manly doings, but alſo diſtributed to euery man, according to his deſerte, the ſpoyle and gaine gotten in the towne, chiefly bycauſe at the aſſault they hadde ſhewed good proofe of their manhoode and valiant courages.

After that the Towne was thus wonne, the Lord Montainie, Captain of the Caſtell, would not yeelde, but made ſemblance, as though hee meant to defend the place, to the vtterance: but after that hee was ſharply called vpō by Kyng Henry, eyther to yeld it, or elſe that he ſhoulde [...]e aſſured to haue all mercie and fauour ſeque[...]tred from him, he tooke better aduice, and therevppon being in deſpaire of reliefe, made this compoſition, that if he were not reſcued by the French power by a certaine day, he ſhoulde render the fortreſſe into the Kings handes, with condition, that he and his ſouldiers ſhould be ſuffered to depart with all their goodes, the habilimentes of warre onely excepted: herevpon, twelue hoſt agres were deliuered to the King, and when the day came, being the twētith of September, Tit. Lu[...]. Caen Caſtell yelded. they within rendred the Caſtel into the Kings ha[...] and thus, both the Towne and Caſtell of Caen became Engliſh.Tit. L[...]. Whileſt the king was [...] occupied about his conqueſts in Normandy, [...] Scottes aſſembled themſelues togither in greate number, and entring Englād,The Scots inuade the Engliſh bo[...]. waſted the countrey with fire and ſword wherſoeuer they came: The Engliſh Lords that were left in truſt with the keeping of thoſe parties of the Realme, reyſed the whole power of the Countreys, ſo that there came togither, the number of an hundred thouſand men vpon Baw More, Tit. Li[...]. A great armys to re[...]t the Scottes. where the generall aſſemble was made, and as it chanced, the Duke of Exeter, vncle to the K. which had lately before muſtred a certayne number of men to conuey thē ouer to the K. as a new ſupply to his army there, was y^e ſame time in y^e North parts on pilgrimage at Bridlington,Tho. VV[...]l[...]. and hearing of this inuaſion made by the Scottes, tooke vppon him to be generall of the army prepared againſt them, and to giue them battel. Alſo, the Archb. of Yorke, although he was not able to ſit on Horſbacke by reaſon of his great age, cauſed himſelfe to be caried forth in a charet in that iourney, the better to encourage other: but the Scottes hearing that the Engliſhmen approched towarde them with ſuch a puiſſance, withdrew backe into their countrey, and durſt not abide the [...]ickering.

The ſame time, the Lord Cob[...]am,Sir Iohn O[...]dcaſte[...]. ſir Iohn Oldcaſtell, whyleſt hee ſhifted from place to place to eſcape the hands of them that he knewe would be glad to lay hold on him,The ſer[...] of the A[...] of ſaint A[...] goe aboue [...] catch the [...] Ca[...]. had conueyed hymſelfe in ſecrete wiſe into an huſbandmans houſe, not farre from S. Albons, within the precinct of a Lordſhippe belonging to the Abbot of that Towne: the Abbots ſeruauntes getting knowledge heereof, came thither by night, but they miſſed their purpoſe, for hee was gone, but they caughte diuers of his men, whome they carried ſtreighte to priſon. The Lord Cobham heerewith was fore diſmaied, for that ſome of them that were taken; were ſuche as he truſted moſt, being of counſell in all his deuiſes. In the ſame place were found bookes writen in engliſh, & ſome of thoſe bokes in times paſt had bin trimly gilte, & limmed, beautified with Images, the heads wherof had bin ſcraped off, & in y^e Le[...]any, they had blotted forthe the name of our Lady, & of other ſaincts, til they came to y^e verſe Par[...]e nobis Domine. Diuers writings were founde there alſo, in derogation of ſuche honour as then [...] thought due to our Lady: the Abbot of ſaint Albons ſent the boke ſo diſfigured with ſcrapings & blotting out, with other ſuche writings as them were found, vnto the king, who ſent the boke againe to the Archb. to ſhewe the ſame in his ſer [...]s at Poules croſſe in Londō, to y^e end, that the citizens and other people of the realme, might vnderſtande the purpoſes of thoſe that then were called Lollards, to bring thē further in diſcredit with the people. In this meane time that y^e king of Englande was occupied about y^e winning at Caen, the frenchemen had neither any ſufficient power to reſiſt him, nor were able to aſſemble an hoſte togither in this miſerable neceſſitie, by reaſon of y^e diſſention amongſt thēſelues: For their K. was ſo ſimple, y^t he was ſpoiled both of treaſu[...] & kingdome ſo y^t euery [...]an ſpent & waſted bo[...]ared not what. Charles y^e Dolphin being of y^e [...] of [...] or [...]vij. yeres only,Commendation of the Dolphin of France. lamented & be [...]iled y^e ruine & decay of his coūtry he only [...] di[...] y^e aduancemēt of y^t commōwelth, & de[...] how to reſiſt his enemies, but hauing neither [...] nor mony, he was greatly troubled & diſquit[...] in his minde: In concluſion, by y^e aduiſe & c[...] ſ[...] of y^e Erle of Arminak [...] con[...] of France, h[...]und a meane to get all y^e treaſure and riches w[...] his mother O. Iſabell had gottē & hor[...] indiuers ſecret places: & for y^e cōmō defence and profit of his coūtry he wiſely beſtowed it in waging ſouldiors, & preparing things neceſſary for y^t warre. The O. forgetting y^e great perill [...] the realme thē ſtoode in, reme[...]ing only y^e diſpleaſure to hir by this act done, [...] a woma[...]iſh malice, ſet [...] huſbād Io. duke of Burg[...] [...] y^e higheſt auctoritie about y^e K. giuing him the regiment [...] direction of the king and his realme, with al preheminence & ſoueraigntie.The duke of [...]agne [...]d [...]et [...] Fraunce. The duke of Burgoigne hauing the ſworde in his hande, in reuenge of olde iniuries, began to make warre on the Dolphin determining, that when hee hadde tamed this yong vnbrideled Gentleman, then woulde hee go aboute to wythſtande, and beare backe [...] common [...] of the realme.

The like reaſon moued the Dolphin, for hee mynded fyrſte to repreſſe the auct[...]ours of ciuill diſcorde, before he woulde ſet vpon foraigne enemies, and therefore prepared to ſubdue and deſtroy the Duke of Burgoine, as the chiefe head and leader of that w[...]ked and curſed miſchiefe, whereby the realme was muche vnqu[...]ted, and fore decayed, and in maner brought to vtter ruine. Thus was Fraunce inflamed, and in euery parte troubled wyth warre and deuiſion, and yet no man woulde eyther prouide remedy in ſo greate daunger once put foorthe hys finger to remoue ſo greate [...]ies.

King [...] following the victory and hys good ſucceſſe, [...] the Duke of Clarence to the Sea coaſte, whiche with greate difficultie,Bayeux taken. got the towne of Bayenx, wherof the Lorde Matreuers was appoynted Capitaine. The Duke of Glouceſter [...] finding ſmall reſiſtance, tooke the Citie of Li[...] of whiche Citie,Lyſeaux taken Sir Iohn Kirkeley was ordeined capitaine. In the meane time, Kyng Henry hymſelfe tarried ſtill at Eaen, fortefying the Towne and Caſtell, and put out fifteene hundreth women and impotente perſons, repleniſhing the Tow[...]e wyth Engliſhe people [...] the Kyng [...]ned at Caen, thee kepte there a ſolemne feaſte,Caen peopled with Engliſhe inhabitants. and made many Knights and beſide that, he ſhewed there an example of greate pitie and clemency: for in ſearching the Caſtell,A worthy and rare example of equitie in king Henry. h[...] founde innumerable ſubſtaunce of plate and money belonging to the Citizens, wherof, her woulde not ſuffer one peny to bee, touched but reſtored the ſame to the owners, deliuering to euery man that whiche was his [...]ne. When the ſame of his mercifull dealing herein, and alſo of his greate clemency ſhewed to captiues, and of his fauourable [...]ſing of thoſe that ſubmitted themſelues to his grace, was [...] abroade all the Cap[...] of the Townes [...] came [...]illingly [...] [...]reſene[...], [...] the[...] [...] their townes, and their good[...] [...] wherevppon [...] made proclamation, that all men, whiche hadde, or woulde become his [...]ts, and [...] to hym al[...]egiaunce, [...]ulde [...] their good[...] and liberties, in [...] [...]mple manner, then they did before whiche gentle enterteyning of the [...]ubborne Normans, was the very cauſe, why they [...] not [...] alſo gladde to remoue and turns from the Frenche parte, and became ſubiects to the crowne of Englande.

When Kyng Henry hadde ſet Caen in good order, hee lefte there for Capitaines, the one of the Towne, the other of the Caſtell. Sir Gilbert Vmfreuille Earle of Kyme or Angus, and ſir Gilbert Talbot, and made Bailife there, Sir Ioh. Popham, & ſo departed from Caen the firſt of October,The caſtell of C[...]ur[...]endred. and cōming to the Caſtell of Courfye, within three dayes had it rendred vnto hym. From whence, the fourth of October, hee departed, and came vnto Argenton, they within that Towne and Caſtell offered, that if no reſcue came by a day limited, they woulde deliuer both the Towne and Caſtell into the Kings hands, ſo that ſuch as would abide and become y^e kings faythfull ſubiects ſhoulde be receiued, the other to departe with their goodes and liues ſaued, whither they would: The King accepted their offer.

When the day limited came, and no ſuccors appeared, they yeelded according to the couenauntes,Argenton buylded. and the King performed all that on his behalfe was promiſed. The Lord Grey of Codnor was appointed Captaine there.

After this, reſorted dayly to the King, of the Normans, people of all ſortes and degrees, to ſweare to him fealtie and homage. The Citie of Sees whiche was well inhabited,Sees yelded. and wherein were two Abbeys of great ſtrength, namely one of them yeelded to the King, and ſo likewiſe did diuers other townes in thoſe parties, withoute ſtroke ſtriken.

Alanſon beſieged and yelded vp.The towne of Alanſon abode a ſiege for the ſpace of eighte dayes, they within defending it right valiantly at the firſt, but in the ende conſidering with themſelues, what ſmall hope there was for anye ſuccours to come to remoue the ſiege, they grew to a compoſition, that if within a certaine day they were not relieued, they ſhould yeelde both the Towne and Caſtel into y^e kings hands, which was done, for no ſuccours coulde be heard of. The K. appointed Captaine of thys Towne, the Duke of Glouceſter, and his Lieutenant ſir Raufe Lentall.Tit. Liuius. The Duke of Brytaine vnder ſafeconduit came to the Kyng, as hee was thus buſie in the conqueſt of Normandie, and after ſundry poyntes treated of betwixte them, a truce was taken, [...]o endure,A truce taken betwene king Henry and the duke of Britayne. from the ſeuententh daye of Nouember, vnto the laſt of September, in the yeare nexte following, betwixte them, their ſouldiers, men of warre, and ſubiectes. The like truce was granted vnto the Q. of Ieruſalē and Sicill, and to hir ſonne Lewes, for the Duchie of Aniou, and the Countie of Mayne, the Duke of Britaine being their deputie, for concluding of the ſame truce.

About y^e ſame time alſo, at the ſute of Charles the Dolphin, a treatie was had at Tonque, for a finall peace, but it came to none effect. From Alanſon, the K. ſet forwarde towards the Towne and Caſtell of Faleis, meaning to beſiege the ſame, where the frenchmen appointed to the keeping of it, had fortified y^e towne by al meanes poſſible, & prepared themſelues to defend it to y^e vttermoſt. The Erle of Saliſburie was firſt ſent thither before with certaine bands of ſouldiers to encloſe the enimies within the Towne, and to view the ſtrength thereof.Faleis beſieged. After him came the K. with his whole army, about the firſt of Decēber, and then was the towne beſieged on eache ſide. 

The K. lodged before the gate that leadeth to Caen, the Duke of Clarence before the Caſtell y^e ſtandeth on a rocke, and the Duke of Glouceſter, lay on y^e kings right hand, and other lords & noble men were aſſigned to their places as was thought expedient. And to be ſure frō taking domage by any ſuddaine inuaſion of the enimies, there were great trenches and rampiers caſt and made about their ſeuerall campes, for defence of y^e ſame. The frenchmen notwithſtandyng thys ſiege, valiantly defended their walles, and ſometimes made iſſues forth, but ſmall to their gaine, and ſtill the Engliſhmen with their gunnes and great ordinance made batterie to the walles and bulwarkes. The Winter ſeaſon was very colde, with ſharpe froſtes, and hard weather, but the Engliſhmen made ſuche ſhift for prouiſion of all things neceſſarie to ſerue their turnes, that they were ſufficiētly prouided, both againſt hunger and colde, ſo that in the ende, the Frenchmen perceyuing they coulde not long endure againſt them offered to talke, and agreed to gyue ouer the Towne, if no reſcues came by a certain day appointed.

Tho. VVal. Sir Iohn Oldcaſtell taken.Aboute the ſame ſeaſon, was ſir Iohn Oldcaſtell, Lord Cobham taken in the Countrey of Powes lande, in the borders of Wales; within a Lordſhip belonging to the Lord Powes, not without daunger and hurtes of ſome that were at y^e taking of him, for they could not take him, till he was wounded himſelfe. At the ſame time, the ſtates of the Realme were aſſembled at Lō don, for the leuying of money, to furniſh y^e kings exceeding great charges, which he was at about the mayntenaunce of his warres in Fraunce: it was therfore determined, that the ſaid Sir Iohn Oldcaſtell ſhould be brought, and put to his triall, ere the aſſemble brake vp. The Lord Powes therefore was ſente to fetch him, who broughte him to London in a litter, wounded as he was: heerewith, beeing firſte layde faſt in the Tower, ſhortly after he was brought before the Duke of Bedford, regent of the Realme, and the other eſtates, where in the end he was condemned, and finally was drawen from the Tower vnto S. Giles fielde, and there hanged in a chayne by the midle,Sir Iohn Oldcaſtel executed and after conſumed with fire, the gallowes and all.

When the daye was come, on the whiche it was couenaunted, that the Towne of Faleiſe ſhould be deliuered, to wit, the ſeconde of Ianuarie, 1418 Faleis render vp to king Henry. bycauſe no ſuccours appeared, the Towne was yeelded to the king, but the Caſtell held ſtil, into the whiche, the Captaine and gouernoure, both of the Towne and Caſtell withdrew himſelfe, with al the Souldiers, and being ſtraightly beſieged, defended himſelfe, and the place ryghte ſtoutely, although he was ſore layde to, vntill at length, perceiuing his people aweeried with continuall aſſaultes, and ſuche approches, as were made to, and within the very walles, hee was driuen to compounde with the King, that if hee were not ſuccoured by the ſixth of Februarie, then ſhould he yeeld himſelfe priſoner, and deliuer the Caſtell, ſo that the Souldiers ſhoulde haue licence to depart, with their liues only ſaued. When the day came, the couenauntes were performed, and the Caſtell rendered to the kings handes, for no aide came to the reſcue of them within. The Captaine named Oliuer de Manny, was kept as priſoner, till the Caſtell was repayred at his coſts and charges, bicauſe y^e ſame, through his obſtinate wilfulneſſe, was ſore beaten and defaced, with vnderminings and baterie. Captaine there, by the King, was appoynted ſir Henry Fiz Hugh.

After this, King Henry returned to Carn,Hiſtorie de[...] Dukes de Normandie. and by reaſon of a proclamation which he hadde cauſed to bee made for the people of Normandie, that had withdrawen themſelues forthe of the Bayliwickes of Carn, and Falcis, he granted away to his owne people, the lands of thoſe that came not in, vppon that proclamation, and in ſpeciall, he gaue to the Duke of Clarence, during his life, the Viconties of Auge, Orbec, and Ponteau de Mer, with all the landes of thoſe that were withdrawen forth of the ſame viconties. This gift was made the ſixtenth of Februarie, in this fifth yeare of this kings raigne.

All the Lent ſeaſon,Tho. VValſ. Titus Liuius. the King lay at Bayeux with part of his army, but the reſidue were ſente abroade, for the atchieuing of certaine enterpriſes, bycauſe they ſhould not lye idle.

Whileſt the King of Englande wanne thus in Normandie, his nauie loſt nothing on the Sea, but ſo ſcoured the ſtreames, that neyther Frenchmenne nor Brytons durſt once appeare, howbeit, one day there aroſe ſuche a ſtorme and hydeous tempeſt, that if the Earles of Marche and Huntington hadde not taken the Hauen of Southhampton, the whole nauie had periſhed,A ſore tempeſt and yet the ſafegarde was ſtrange, for in the ſame Hauen, two Balingers, and two greate Carickes, laden with merchandice were drowned, and the broken maſt of an other Caricke was blowen ouer the wall of the Towne.

When the furie of this outragious winde and weather was aſſwaged, and the Sea waxed calme, the Earles of Marche and Huntington paſſed ouer with all their company, and landed in Normandie, and marched through the countrey, deſtroying the villages, and taking prayers on eache hand, till they came to the King where he then was.

Anno reg. 6. In the ſixth yeare of King Henries raigne, hee ſente the Earle of Warwike, and the Lorde Talbot, to beſiege the ſtrong Caſtell of Dampfront. The Duke of Clarence was alſo ſente, to beſiege and ſubdue other townes, vnto whome, at one time & other, we finde, that theſe townes vnderwritten were yelded, wherein he put Captaynes as followeth.

• Townes in Normandie yelded to king Henry.In Courton, Iohn Aubyn.
• In Barney, William Houghton.
• In Chambys, Iames Neuille.
• In Bechelouin, the Earle Marſhall.
• In Harecourt, Richard Wooduille Eſquier.
• In Faugernon, Iohn Saint Albon.
• In Creuener, Sir Iohn Kirkby, to whome it was giuen.
• In Anuilliers, Robert Horneby.
• In Bagles, Sir Iohn Arture.
• In Freſney le Vicont, ſir Robert Brent.

The Duke of Glouceſter the ſame tyme, accompanyed with the Earle of Marche, the Lorde Grey of Codner, and other, was ſente to ſubdue the Townes in the Iſle of Conſtantine, vnto whome theſe townes hereafter mentioned were yeelded, where hee appointed Captaines as followeth.

• At Carentine, the Lord Botreux.
• At Saint Lo, Reginald Weſt.
• At Valoignes, Thomas Burgh.
• At Pont Done, Dauy Howell.
• At the Hay de Pais, ſir Iohn Aſton.
• At S. Sauieur le vicont, ſir Iohn Robſert.
• At Pontorſon, ſir Robert Gargraue.
• At Hamberie, the Earle of Suffolke, Lord of that place by gift.
• At Briqueuille, the ſaide Earle alſo by gifte.
• At Auranches, Sir Phillip Hall, Baylife of Alanſon.
• At Vire, the Lord Matreuers.
• At S. Iames de Beumeron, the ſame Lord.

After that y^e Duke had ſubdued to y^e Kyngs dominion, y^e moſt part of all y^e townes in y^e Iſle of Conſtantine,Chierburgh beſieged by the Engliſh. Chierburgh excepted, hee returned to the K. and forthwith was ſente thither again, to beſiege that ſtrong fortreſſe, which was fenſed with men, munition, vitalles, and ſtrong walles, towers, and turrets, in moſt defenſible wiſe, by reaſon whereof, it was holden agaynſte him y^e ſpace of fiue moneths, although he vſed al wayes & meanes poſſible, to anoy them within, ſo that many fierce aſſaultes, ſkirmiſhes, iſſues, and other exploites of warre, were atchieued, betwixt the frenchmen within, and the Engliſhmē without, at length yet, the Frenchmen were ſo conſtreined by power of baterie, mines, and other forcible wayes of approchings, that they were glad to compounde to deliuer the place, if no reſeue came, to reiſe the ſiege, either from the Dolphin, that then was retired into Aquitaine, or from the Duke of Burgoigne, that then laye [...] Paris, within the tearme of .62. dayes, for ſo lōg reſpite the Duke graunted, where they within, preſuming of the ſtrength of their fortification, & in hope of ſuccour, either frō the Dolphin, or y^e Duke required a for longer tearme. Nowe were the Dolphin, and the Duke of Burgoigne grō wen to a certain agreemēt, by mediatiō of Cardinals ſent frō the Pope, ſo that the Engliſhmē ſurely thought, that they would leauie a power, and come downe to reſcue Chireburg, by reaſon wherof, y^e Duke of Glouceſter cauſed his camps to bee ſtrongly intrenched, and manye diſenſible blockhouſes of timber to bee raiſed, lyke to ſmall turrets, that the ſame might be a ſafegard to hys people, and to cōclude, left nothing vnforſene nor vndone, that was auailable for y^e defence of hys army. The K. doubting leaſt ſome power ſhuld be ſent downe, to the danger of his brother, and thoſe that were with him at this ſiege of Chirburgh, cauſed two M. men to bee embarqued in thirtie ſhips of the Weſt countrey,Chierburgh yelded to the Engliſhmen. by order ſent vnto certaine lords there. The frēchmen within the towne, perceiuing thoſe ſuccours to approche neere to y^e towne, thought verily that there had bin a power of frenchmen cōming to their ayde: but when they ſaw them receiued as friends into y^e Engliſh camp, their comfort was ſoone quailed, & ſo when the day appointed came, beyng y^e nintenth of October, or rather aboute the later end of Nouember, as the hiſtorie of the Dukes of Normandie hathe, they rendred vp both the towne & Caſtell, according to the couenauntes. The L. Grey of Codnore was made the kyngs Lieutenant there, and after his deceaſſe ſir Water Hungerford. About y^e ſame time, or rather before, as Ti. Li. writeth, to wit, the .22. of Iune, the ſtrong Caſtell of Dampfront was yeelded into the handes of the Earle of Warwike,The Caſtell of Dampfront yelded. to the kings vſe, but y^e hiſtorie written of the Dukes of Normādy affirmeth, that it was ſurrēdred y^e 22. of Septēber, after the ſiege had cōtinued about it frō April laſt. The Erle of Warwike, and y^e L. Talbot, after y^e winning of this fortreſſe, made ſpeede to come vnto y^e ſiege of Rouen, wher they were imployed, as after ſhal appeare. And in like maner, the Duke of Glouceſter, hauing once got the poſſeſſion of Chirburgh, haſted towardes y^e ſame ſiege, for y^e better furniſhing of whych enterpriſe, he had firſt cauſed an army of fiftene M. mē to be brought ouer to him, vnder the leading of his vncle y^e Duke of Exeter, who embarquing with the ſame, about the feaſt of the holy Trinitie, was appoynted by the King to beſiege the Citie of Eureux, as the Earle of Angus, otherwiſe called Earle of Kyme, was ſent to winne the Caſtell of Milly Leueſche.

Theſe townes being deliuered to the kings vſe, the Duke ordeyned Captaine of Eureux ſir Gilbert Halfall knight.

The king nowe determining with all ſpeede to beſiege Rooen, prepared all things neceſſarie for his purpoſe. Into this Citie the Normans had conueyed out of euery parte theyr money, itwels, and houſhold ſtuffe, as into the moſt ſure and ſtrongeſt place of the whole duchie. For ſith his arriuall, they had not onely walled that Citie and fortified it with rampiers and ſtrong Bulwarkes, but alſo furniſhed it with valiant Captaynes, and hardie ſouldiers, to the number of foure thouſande, beſide ſuche of the Citizens as were appoynted for the warre, according to their eſtates, of the which there were at the leaſt fiftene thouſande readie to ſerue in defence of the Citie, as ſouldiers and men of warre in all places where they ſhoulde be aſſigned.

King Henrie to haue the Countrey free before he would beſiege this citie, thought good firſt to winne ſuch townes as lay in his way,Ti[...] Liuius. La[...] beſieged. & therefore departing from Caen (where he had kept the feaſt of Saint George) the .ix. day of Iune hee marched ſtreight vnto the towne of Louiers, and layd his ſiege about the ſame.

They within the towne being well furniſhed of al things neceſſarie for the defending of a ſiege, manfully reſiſted the Engliſhe mens enforcementes, whiche ſpared not to deuiſe all wayes and meanes howe to approche the walles, and to batter the ſame with their great Artillerie, till at length they brought the Frenchmen to that extremitie, that they were contented to yeeld the town on theſe conditions, that if by the .xxiij. of Iune there came no ſuccour from the French king to rayſe the ſiege, the towne ſhould be deliuered into the kings handes, the ſouldiers of the garniſon ſhould ſerue vnder the king for a time, and the towneſmen ſhoulde remaine in theyr dwellings as they did before, [...]ien yel [...]d vp. as ſubiects to the king: but the Gunners that had diſcharged any peece agaynſt the Engliſhmen ſhould ſuffer death.

When the day came, and no ayde appeared, the couenants were performed accordingly.

From thence went the king with all ſpeed vnto Ponte de Larch, ſtanding vpon the Ryuer of Seine .viij. miles aboue Roan towards Paris: he came thither about the .xxvij. of Iune.

When the French men which kept the paſſage there, heard of the kings approch, they gathered togither a greate number of menne of warre, mynding to defende the paſſage agaynſte hym, appoynting an other bande of men (if they fayled) to keepe the further ſyde of the bridge, and to watch that neyther by boate nor veſſell, he ſhould come ouer the riuer by any maner of meanes.

At his comming neare to the towne, he perceyued that it was not poſſible to paſſe by the bridge without great loſſe of his people, and therfore he retyred almoſt a myte backewarde, where in a pleaſant and commodious place by the Ryuer ſyde hee pytched his campe, and in the nyght ſeaſon, what wyth Boates and Barges,The Engliſh army paſſeth the ryuer of Seyne. & what with Hoggeſheads and Pypes, he conueyed ouer the broade ryuer of Seane a great companye of his ſouldiers, without any reſiſtance made by his enimies. For they which were on the hither ſyde of Sein thinking that the Engliſhmen had gone to wynne ſome other place, followed them not, but ſtudied how to defende theyr towne, which was ynough for them to doe.

And to put the French men in doubt, leaſt the Engliſh men ſhould ſeeke paſſage ſomwhere elſe,A good policy the King appoynted certaine, of the ſouldiers which had ſkill in ſwimming, to goe to a place a three myles from the ſiege by the Riuer ſide, and there to enter into the water, making great clamor and noyſe, as though they had ment to haue paſſed, but they had in commaundement not to trauerſe paſſe haſte the Ryuer, ſo to procure the Frenchmen to make thitherwardes, whileſt the King in one place, and his brother the Duke of Clarence in another, got ouer their men, and that in ſuch number, before the Frenche men had any vnderſtanding thereof, that when they made towardes them, and perceyued that they were not able to encounter them, they fled backe, and durſt not abide the Engliſh footmen, which would fain haue beene doing with them.

When the king ſaw that his men were on the other ſide of the water, he (the next day earel) yreturned to the towne, & aſſaulted it on both ſides. When the Inhabitants therefore ſaw thēſelues compaſſed on both ſides,Pont de Larch rendred vp to the engliſhmē contrarye to theyr expectation, wyth humble heart and ſmall ioy, they rendred vp the towne vnto the Kings handes.

After this, the king hauing no let nor impedimēt, determined forthwith to beſiege y^e Citie of Roan, and firſt ſent before him his vncle y^e Duke Exceter, with a great companie of horſemen and Archers to viewe the place, and therevpon wyth Banner diſplayed came before the Citie, and ſent Wynſore an Herault at Armes to the captaynes within, willing them to deliuer the Citie to the king his maiſter, or elſe hee woulde purſue them with fire and ſworde. To whom they proudly anſwered, that none they receyued of him, nor any they woulde deliuer him, except by fine force they were therevnto compelled: and herewyth there iſſued out of the towne a great band of men of armes, and encountred fiercely with the Engliſh men, the which receyuing them wyth lyke manhoode, and great force, draue the Frenchmen into the towne againe to their loffe, for they left thirtie of their felowes behind priſoners and dead in the field.

The Duke returned with this good ſpeede and prowde anſwere of the French men vnto the king which remayned yet at Pont de Larch, and had giuen the towne of Louiers to his brother the Duke of Clarence, which made there his deputie ſir Iohn Godard knight.

After that the Duke of Exceter was returned to Pout Larche the Frenche Captaines within Roan, ſette fire on the Subu[...]bes, beate downe Churches, cut downe trees, ſhred the buſhes, deſtroyed the Vines rounde aboute the Citie, to the entent that the Engliſhmen ſhoulde haue no reliefe nor comfort eyther of lodging or fewell.

When the king heard of theſe deſpitefull doings,Roan beſieged by k. Henry. be with his whole armie remoued frō Pont-Larch, and the laſt day of Iuly, came before the Citie of Roan, and compaſſed it rounde aboute with a ſtrong ſiege.

The king lay with a great puiſſaunce at the Chartreux houſe,Before Pont Saint Hillarie Titus Liuius. on the Eaſt ſide of the Citie, and the Duke of Clarence lodged at S. Geruais, before the Port of Caux on the Weſt part. The Duke of Exceter tooke his place on the Northe ſide:The order of the ſiege. at the port S. Denys betweene the dukes of Exceter and Clarence, was appoynted the Earle Marſhall, euen before the gate of the Caſtell,Before the gate called Markevile. Titus Liuius. to whom were ioyned the Erle of Ormond, and the Lordes Harington and Talbot, vpon his comming from Damfront: and from the Duke of Exceter towarde the king, were encamped the Lordes, Ros, Willoughbie, Fitz Hugh, and ſir William Porter, with a greate bande of Northren men, euen before the Port Saint Hillarie. The Earles of Mortaigne and Saliſburie,Salisbury and Huntingtō on the other ſide of the riuer of Sayne. were aſſigned to lodge about the Abbey of Saint Katherine. Sir Iohn Grey was lodged directly againſt the Chapell called Mount S. Michaell: Sir Philip Leeche Treaſorer of the warres, kept the hill next the Abbey, and the Baron of Carew kept the paſſage on the ryuer of Seyne, and to him was ioyned that valiaunt Eſquire Ienico Dartoys.

On the further ſide of the ryuer, were lodged the Earles of Warren, and Huntingdon, the Lordes Neuil and Ferrers, ſir Gilbert Vmfreuile with a well furniſhed companie of warlike ſouldiers, directly before the Gate called Port de Pont.

And to the entent that no ayde ſhould paſſe by the riuer toward the citie, there was a great chain of yron deuiſed at Pontlarch, ſet on Pyles from the one ſide of the water to the other: and beſide that cheyne, there was ſet vp a new forced bridge, ſufficient both for cariage and paſſage, to paſſe the ryuer from one campe to another.

The L. TalbotThe Earle of Warwicke that had lately won Dampfront, was ſent to beſiege Cawdebecke, a towne ſtanding on the Ryuer ſide, betweene the ſea and the Citie of Roan, whiche towne hee ſo hardly handled with fierce and continuall aſſaultes, that the Captaines within offred to ſuffer the Engliſh nauie to paſſe by theyr towne withoute impeachment, vp to the Citie of Roan. And alſo if Roan yeelded, they promiſed to render the towne without delay.

Herevpon the Engliſhe nauie to the number of an hundred ſayles paſſed by Cawdebecke, and came to Roan, and ſo beſieged it, on the water ſide.

There came alſo to this ſiege the Duke of Glouceſter, with the Earle of Suffolke, and the Lord Burgue[...]enny, which had takē (as before ye haue heard) the towne of Cherbourgh, and lodged before the port Saint Hillarie, nearer to their enimies by .xl. rodes, than any other perſon of the armie.

During this ſiege alſo, there arriued at Harflew, the Lorde of Kilmayne in Ireland,The I. of K[...] may[...]e captaine of the Iriſhmen. with a bande of .xvj. hundred Iriſhmen, in mayle, wyth Dartes and Skaynes after the maner of theyr Countrey, all of them being tall, quicke and deliuer perſons, which came and preſented themſelues before the king lying ſtil at the ſiege, of whom they were not onely gently receyued and welcomed, but alſo bycauſe it was thought that the French king and the Duke of Burgoigne would ſhortly come, and eyther attempt to rayſe the ſiege, or vitayle and man the towne by the north gate, they were appoynted to keepe the northſide of the armie, and in eſpeciall the way that commeth frō the Foreſt of Lions. Which charge the Lorde of Kylmayne, and his companie ioyfully accepted, and did ſo theyr deuoire therein,The good ſeruice of the [...] riſh[...] [...] ſiege. that no men were more prayſed, nor did more domage to theyr enimies than they did: for ſurely theyr quickneſſe and ſwiftneſſe of foote, did more preiudice to their enimies, than their barded horſes dyd hurt or domage to the nymble Iriſhmen.

Alſo the kings couſin germaine and alie the king of Portingale, Titus L[...] The King [...] Portingale ſendeth ay[...] to king t[...] did ſend a great nauie of well appoynted ſhippes vnto the mouth of the Ryuer of Seyne, to ſtoppe that no French veſſels ſhould enter the ryuer, and paſſe vp the ſame, to the ayde of them within Roan.

Thus was the fayre Citie of Roan compaſſed about with enimies, both by water and lande, hauing neither comfort nor ayde of King, Dolphin, or Duke. And yet although the armie was ſtrong withoute, there lacked not within, both hardie Captaines, and manfull ſouldiours. And as for people, they had more than ynough: For as it is written by ſome that had good cauſe to knowe the truth, and no occaſion to erre from the ſame, there were in the Citie at the time of the ſiege,The number [...]in Roan. two hundred and tenne thouſand perſons. Dayly were iſſues made out of the Citie at dyuerſe gates, ſometime to the loſſe of the one party, and ſometime of the other, as chaunces of warre in ſuch aduentures happen.

The French men in deed preferring fame before worldly riches, and deſpyſing pleaſure the enimie to warlike prowes, ſware ech to other, neuer to render or deliuer the Citie, while they myght eyther holde ſworde in hande, or ſpeare in reaſt.

The king of England aduertiſed of their hault courages, determined to conquer them by famin, which would not be tamed with weapon. Wherfore he ſtopped all the paſſages, both by water and lande, that no vittayle coulde be conueyed to the Citie: hee caſt trenches rounde aboute the walles, and ſet them full of ſtakes,, and defended them with Archers, ſo that there was left neither way for thē within to iſſue out, nor for any that were abrode to enter in without his licence.

To rehearſe the great paynes, trauaile and diligence, which the king tooke vpon him in hys owne perſon at this ſiege,Titus Liuius. a man myght wonder: and bycauſe dyuerſe of the ſouldiers had lodged themſelues for their more eaſe, in places ſo farre diſtant one from another, that they might eaſily haue beene ſurpriſed by theyr enimies, ere any of their fellowes coulde haue come to theyr ſuccors, he cauſed proclamation to be made, that no man on paine of death ſhoulde lodge without the precinct appoynted them, nor goe further abroade from the campe, than ſuche boundes as were aſſigned: and as it chaunced, the king in going about the campe, to ſuruey and view y^e warders, he eſpyed two ſouldiers that were walking abroade without the lymittes aſſigned, whome he cauſed ſtreight wayes to be apprehended and hanged vp on a tree of great heigth,King Henry [...] iuſtice. for a terror to other, that none ſhould be ſo hardie to breake ſuch orders as he commaunded them to obſerue.

Tho. VValſ.Whileſt the king lay thus with his power about the mightie Citie of Rouen, the Frenchmen ſought to endomage aſwel thoſe that were at that ſiege, as other of the Engliſhmen that laye in garniſons within the townes that were alreadie in the king of Englandes poſſeſſion, inſomuche that as ſome haue written, within the octaues of the Aſſumption, three notable victories chaunced to the Engliſhmen in three ſeuerall places, firſt an hundred Engliſhmen at Kylbuef, tooke three great Lordes of the Frenchmen,The great [...]ies on [...]e Engliſh [...]de with in a [...] time [...]ogether. beſydes fourtſcore other perſones, and put three hundred to flight.

Alſo vpon the Thurſday within the fame octaues, foure hundred Frenchmen that were entred within the Suburbs of Eureux were repulſed by eleuen Engliſh men, that tooke foure of thoſe Frenchmen priſoners, ſlue .xij. of them, and tooke .xl. horſes.

On the Saterday following, the Frenchmen tooke in hand to ſteale vpon them that lay in garniſon within Louires, in hope to ſurpriſe y^e towne early in the morning: but the Captaine perceyuing their purpoſe, ſallied forth with a hundred of his men, and putting the Frenchmen to flight, being a thouſande, tooke an hundred and foureſcore of them, being all gentlemen.

But to returne to them before Rouen. The ſiege thus continuing from Lammas, almoſt to Chriſtmas, dyuerſe enterpriſes were attempted, and diuerſe pollicies practiſed, howe euery parte might endomage his aduerſaries: no part greatly reioyced of their gaine. But in the meane time vittaile began ſore to fayle them within, ſo that onely Vinegar and water ſerued for drinke.

If I ſhould reherſe (according to the report of diuerſe writers) howe deerly dogges, rattes, miſe, and cattes were ſolde within the towne,Extreme famine within Roane. and how greedily they were by the poore people eaten and deuoured, and how the people dayly dyed for fault of foode, and yong Infantes laye ſucking in the ſtreetes on theyr mother breaſtes, lying deade, ſteruen for hunger, the Reader myghte lamente their extreme miſeries.

A great number of poore ſillie creatures were put out at the gates, which were by the Engliſhe men that kept the trenches beatē and driuen back again to the ſame gates, which they found cloſed and ſhut agaynſt them. And ſo they lay betwene the walles of the Citie, and the trenches of the enimies ſtill crying for helpe and reliefe, for lacke whereof great numbers of them dayly died.A vertuous charitable prince. Yet king Henrie moued with pitie, on Chriſtmaſſe day in the honor of Chriſtes Natiuitie, refreſhed all the poore people with vittaile, to their greate comfort, and his high prayſe: yet if the Duke of Burgoignes letters had not beene conueyed into the Citie, it was thought they within would neuer haue made reſiſtance ſo long time as they did, for by thoſe letters they were aſſured of reſkue to come. Diuerſe Lordes of Fraunce hauing written to them to the like effect, they were put in ſuch comfort herewith, that immediatlye to expreſſe their great reioyſing, all the Belles in the Citie were roong forth cherefully, whiche during all the time of the ſiege till that preſent had kept ſilence. In deede by reaſon of a faynt kinde of agreement procured betwixt the Dolphin and the Duke of Burgoigne, it was thought verily that a power ſhould haue beene rayſed, for preſeruation of that noble Citie, the loſing or ſauing thereof beeing a matter of ſuch importance.

The king of Englande to preuent the enimies purpoſe, Chron. S. Al. A large trench without the Campe. cauſed a large trench to bee caſt without his campe, which was pight full of ſharpe ſtakes, with a greate rampire fenced with bulwarkes, and turnepykes, in as defencible wiſe as myght be deuiſed. Sir Robert Bapthorpe knight, was appoynted Comptroller, to ſee this worke perfourmed, which he did with all diligence accompliſh, in like caſe as hee had done, when the other trened and rampire ſtrongly ſtaked and hedged was made at the firſt betwixt the campe and the Citie, to reſtreyne ſuch as in the beginning of the ſiege, reſted not to pricke forth of the Gates on horſebacke. And ſo by this meanes was the army defended both behinde and before.

1419Finally the whole number of the Frenchmen within the Citie were brought to ſuche an extremitie for want of vitayles, that they were in danger all to haue ſterued. Wherevpon bring nowe paſt hope of reliefe, they determined to treat with the king of England, and ſo vpon newyeares euen there came to the Walles, ſuche as they had choſen amongeſt them for commiſſioners, which made a ſigne to the Engliſhmenne lying withoute the Gate of the Bridge, to ſpeake wyth ſome Gentlemanne, or other perſonne of Authoritie.

The Earle of Huntingdon whiche kept that part, ſent to them ſir Gylbert Vmfreuile vnto whom they declared, that if they might haue a ſafeconduct, they woulde gladly come forth to ſpeake with the king. Sir Gylbert repayring to the Duke of Clarence, and other of the Kings Counſayle, aduertiſed them of this requeſt.

Herevppon the Duke of Clarence wyth the other Counſaylors, reſorted to the kings lodging to infourme him of the matter, and to know his pleaſure therein, who after good aduicement and deliberation taken, willed ſir Gylbert to aduertiſe them, that he was content to heare twelue of them, whiche ſhoulde be ſafely conueyed to his preſence.

They within Roane demand Parlce.This anſwere being brought to the Frenchmen by the ſaid ſir Gilbert, on the next day in the morning, foure knightes, foure learned men, and foure ſage Burgeſſes, all clothed in blacke, came forth of the Citie, and were receyued at the port Saint Hillarie by ſir Gilbert Vmfreuile, accompanyed with diuerſe Gentlemen and yeomen of the Kings houſholde, commonly called yeomen of the Crowne, by whom they were conueyed to the kings lodging, whom they founde at Maſſe, whiche being ended, the King came oute of hys trauers, ſternely, and Princely beholding the French Meſſengers, and paſſed by them into his Chamber. And incontinently after commaunded that they ſhould be brought in before his preſence, to heare what they had to ſay: One of them lerned in the Ciuill Lawes, was appoynted to declare the Meſſage in all theyr names, who ſhewing himſelfe more raſhe than wiſe, more errogant than learned,K preſumpteous O[...]. fyrſt tooke vpon him to ſhewe wherein the glorie of victorie conſiſted, aduiſing the king not to ſhewe his manhoode in furniſhing a multitude of poore ſimple and innocent people, but rather ſuffer ſuch miſerable wretches as laye betwixt the walles of the Citie, and the trenches of his ſiege, to paſſe through the campe, that they might get theyr lyuing in other places, and then if hee durſt manfully aſſaulte the Citie, and by force ſubdue it, he ſhould win both worldly fame, and merite great meede at the handes of almightie God, for hauing compaſſion of the poore needie and indigent people.

When this Oratour had ſayde, the King (who no requeſt leſſe ſuſpected, than that whiche was thus deſyred) beganne a whyle to muſt, and after hee had well conſidered the craftie cautele of hys enimyes, with a fierce countenaunce,The King anſwere to this pro[...]e meſſage. and bolde ſpirite hee reproued them, both for theyr ſubtill dealing wyth hym, and theyr malapecte preſumption, in that they ſhoulde ſeeme to goe aboute to teache him what belonged to the dutie of a Conquerour, and therefore ſince it appeared that the ſame was vnknowne vnto them, hee declared that the Goddeſſe of battayle called Bellona, had three Handmaydens, euer of neceſſitie attending vpon hir, as bloud, fyre, and famyne. And whereas it laye in hys choyce to vſe them all three, yea, two, or one of them at his pleaſure, hee hadde yet appoynted onely the meekeſt Mayde of thoſe three Damoſelles to puniſhe them of that Citye, tyll they were brought to reaſon. And where as the gayne of a Captaine atteyned by any of the ſayde three Hand[...]ydens, was both glorious, honourable, and worthie of tryumphe: yet of all the three, the yongeſt Mayde, whiche hee meant to vſe at that tyme was moſte profytable and commodious: And as for the poore people lying in the Dyrches, if they dyed through famyne, the faulte was theyrs, that lyke cruell Tyraunis hadde put them oute of the Towne, to the intente hee ſhoulde ſlea them, and yet had hee ſaued theyr lyues, ſo that if any lacke of charitie was, it reſted in them, and not in hym: but to theyr [...] ked requeſt, hee ment not to gratifie them wh[...] ſo much, but they ſhould keepe them ſtill to [...]e to ſpende theyr vytayles, and as to aſſaulte the Towne, hee tolde them that hee woulde they ſhoulde knowe, hee was both able and wylling thereto, as he ſhoulde ſee occaſion: but the [...]e was in hys hande, to tame them eyther wyth bloude, fyre, or famine, or with them all, whereof he woulde take the choyſe at his pleaſure, [...] not at theyrs.

This aunſwere put the French Ambaſſadors in a great ſtudy, muſing much at hys [...]llent witte and hautineſſe of courage: and after they had dyued (as his commaundement was they ſhould) with his officers, they vpon conſultation had togither, required once againe to haue acceſſe to his royall preſence, which being graunted, they humbling themſelues on their knees, beſought him to take a truce for eight dayes,A [...]ce for eight dayes. during the whiche they mighte by theyr commiſſions take ſome ende and good concluſion with him and his Counſaile.

The King like a mercifull Prince graunted to them their aſking, with whiche anſwer they ioyfully returned.

After their departure were appoynted and ſet vp three tentes, the one for the Lordes of Englande, the ſeconde for the Commiſſioners of the Citie, and the thirde for both parties to aſſemble in, and to treate of the matter.

The Commiſſioners for the Engliſhe parte were the Earles of Warwicke, and Saliſburie, the Lorde Fitz Hugh, ſir Walter Hungerford, ſir Gilbert Vmfreuille, ſir Iohn Robſert, and Iohn de Vaſques de Almada. And for the French part were appoynted, Sir Guy de Butteler, and ſixe other.

Comiſsioners appoynted.Theſe Commiſſioners met euery day, arguing and reaſoning aboute a concluſion, but nothing was done the ſpare of eight dayes, nor ſo much as one article concluded: wherefore the Engliſhe men tooke downe the Tentes, and the Frenchmen tooke theyr leaue: but at their departing, they remembring themſelues, required the Engliſhe Lordes for the loue of God, that the truce might endure till the Sunne ryſing the next day, to the which the Lordes aſſented.

When the French Commiſſioners were returned into the Citie without any concluſion of agreement, the poore people ran about the ſtreetes trying, and calling the captaines and gouernors, murtherers, & manquellers, ſaying that for their pride and ſtiffe ſtomackes, all this miſerye was happened, threatning to flea them, if they woulde not agree to the King of Englande hys demaunde.

The Magiſtrates herewyth amaſed, called all the towneſmen togither to knowe theyr myndes and opinions. The whole voyce of the Cōmons was, to yeelde rather than to ſterue. Then the Frenchmen in the Euening, came to the Tent of ſir Iohn Robſert, requyring him of gentleneſſe to moue the king, that the truce might be prolonged for foure dayes. The king therevnto agreed, and appoynted the Archbiſhop of Canterburie, & the other ſeuen before named for his part, and the Citizens appoynted a like number for them. So the Tents were again ſet vp, and dayly they met togither,The articles cō cerning the yel [...]ng vp of [...]are. and on the fourth daye they accorded on this wiſe, that the Citie and Caſtell of Roane ſhould be delyuered vnto the king of England, at what time after the middeſt of the .xix. day of that preſent moneth of Ianuarie, the ſayde King willed the ſame, and that all the Captaines and othermen whatſoeuer, dwelling or beeing within the ſayd Citie and Caſtell, ſhould ſubant them in all things to the grace of the ſayd king: and further, that they ſhould pay to the ſayde king three hundred thouſande Sentes of Golde, when of alwayes two ſhould be woorth an Engliſh Noble, or in the ſtead of [...]rie Stu[...] .xxv. great blankes white, or .xv. grotes.

Moreouer it was accorded, that euerie ſouldier and ſtraunger b[...]g in the ſayde Citie and Caſhl, ſhoulde ſweare on the Euangeliſtes before their departure, not to [...]re atmo[...] agaynſt the king of Englande, before the firſt day of Ianuarie next to co[...]e.

Alſo they wich[...] the towne ſhould ſuffer al the poore people lying to [...], or about the ditches of the Citie which for pe[...] were chaſed oute, to enter the Citie againe, and to [...] them ſufficient for [...]til the ſayd [...]tenth day of Ianuarie.

There were taketh other Articles, in all to the number of .xxij. agreed, aſwell on the behalfe of the Citizens, as of king Henrie, who graunted, that all the Souldiers ſtraungers and other within the ſaid Citie and Caſtel at that time, being not willing to become his ſieges, ſhuld depart after that the Citie and Caſtel was once yeelded, freely without let, leauing ſo the ſaid king al their armors, horſes, harneſſe, and goodes, except the Normans, which if they ſhoulde refuſe to become [...]ages to h[...], were appoynted to remayne as his priſoners, Luca. Italico. The Vicare general of the Archbi. of Rouen for denoū cing the king acurſed was deliuered to him and deteyned in pryſon til he dyed. Titus. Liuius. One Alane Blā chart was like wiſe deliuered to him, and by his commaundement put to death. Tranſlator of Titus Liuius. King Henrie[...] entry into Roane. togither with one Luca Italico and certaine other.

When the day of appoyntment came, which was the day of S. Wiolſtan, ſir Gay de Butteler, & the Burgeſſes, deliuered the keyes of the City & Caſtel vnto the king of England, beſeeching him of fauor and compaſſion. The king incontinently appoynted the Duke of Exceter, with a great companie to take poſſeſſion of the Citie, who like a valiant Captaine mounted on a goodly cour [...] firſt entred into the Citie, and after into the Caſtell.

The next day being Fryday, the king in great tryumph like a conquerour, accompanied wyth foure Dukes, t[...] Erles .viij. Biſhops, xvj. Barons, and a great mul[...] of knightes, eſquiers, and men of warre, entred into Roan, where hee was receyued by the Clergie, with .xlij. Croſſes, and then met him the Senate, and the Burgeſſes of the towne, offering to him diuerſe fuyre and coſtly preſents.

In this maner he paſſed through the Citie to our Ladie Churr[...], and there hauing ſayde his oriſows, he cauſed his Chaplaines to ſing this Antheme: Quis eſt tam magnus dominus: VVho is ſo great a Lorde as our God. 

This done, he came to the caſtel where he cōtinued a good ſpace after, receyuing homages & fralties of the burgeſſes & towneſmen, and ſetting orders amongſt them. He alſo reedified diuerſe fortreſſes, & townes, during which tyme hee made Proclamation, that all menne whiche woulde become hys ſubiectes, ſhoulde enioy theyr goods, landes and offices, whiche Proclamation made many towns to yeeld, and many euen to become Engliſh the ſame ſeaſon.

Titus Liuius.The Duke of Brytaigne vnderſtanding that if the King of Englande ſhoulde continue in poſſeſſion of Normandie, his Countrey could not but bee in greate daunger, if hee prouided not to haue him his friend, vpon ſafecōduct obteyned for him and his retinue, came to Roan with fiue .C. horſes, and being honourably receyued of the K. after cōference had betwixt thē of diuers things, at length they agreed vpon a league on this wife,A league concluded betwene K. Henry and the D. of Britaine. that neither of them ſhould make warre vnto the other, nor to any of the others people or ſubiectes, except he that ment to make that warre denounced the ſame ſixe Monethes before.

Thus this league being concluded, the Duke tooke leaue of the king, and ſo returned into Brytayne.

About the ſame time, at the ſuyte of certaine Biſhops and Abbottes of Normandie, the King confirmed vnto them theyr auncient priuiledges, graunted by the former Dukes of Normandie, and kings of Fraunce, except ſuch as were granted by thoſe whom he reputed for vſurpers and no lawfull kings or dukes. Hee alſo eſtabliſhed at Caen the Chamber of accountes of the reuenues of his dukedome of Normandie.

In Rouen he began the foundation of a ſtrong Tower behinde the Caſtell, that from the caſtell to the Tower, and from the Tower to his Palayce, the men of warre appoynted there in garniſon, myght paſſe in ſuretie without daunger of the Citie, if perhaps the Citizens ſhould attempt any rebellion.

She was committed to the ſafe keping of [...] Pelham who appointed hir ix: ſeruants to attend hir & conueyed hir to the caſtel of Pompſey. Tho. VValſ. Frier Randoll.In this ſixth yeare, whyleſt theſe thinges were adoing in Normandie, Queene Ioan late wife of king Henry the fourth, and mother in law to this King, was areſted by the Duke of Bedford the kings lieutenant in his abſence, & by him committed to ſafe keeping in the caſtell of Leedes in Kent there to abide the kings pleaſure.

About the ſame time, one Frier Randoll of the order of Franciſcanes that profeſſed diuinitie, and had bene confeſſour to the ſame Queene, was taken in the Iſle of Gerneſey, & being firſt brought ouer into Normandie, was by the kings commaundement ſent hither into Englande, and cō mitted to the Tower, where he remayned till the perſō of the tower quarelling with him, by chance ſlue him there within the Tower warde. It was reported that hee had conſpired with the Orl[...] by ſorcerie and nigromancie to deſtroy the King.

Whyleſt the king remayned in Rouen, to ſet things in order for the eſtabliſhment of good policie in that Citie, hee ſent abroad dyuerſe of hys Captaynes, with conuenient forces to ſubdue certayne Townes and Caſtelles in thoſe protyes, as hys brother the Duke of Clarence,Vernon and Mante taken by the engliſh. who wanne the ſtrong Towne of Vernon, and Mante. In Vernon was ſir William Porter made Captayne, and in Maunte the Earle of Marche.

The Erle of Saliſburie wan Hunflew, Titus Licius. Hunflew [...] after he had beſieged it from the fourth of Februarie, vntill the .xij. of March.

This towne was giuen afterwardes vnto the duke of Clarence. Alſo the ſayde Earle of Saliſburie wan the Townes of Monſter de Villiers, Ew, Newcaſtell, and finally all the places in that quarter, which till that preſent were not vnder the Engliſh obeyſance. At Newcaſtell Sir Philip Leeth was made captaine.

After Candlemaſſe, the King departed [...] Rouen to go to Eureux, whither he had promyſed to come in like caſe as the Dolphin had promiſed to be at Dreux, to the end that they might aduiſe vpon a conuenient place where to meete to entreate of a peace to bee concluded betwixte the two Realmes. But the Dolphin by ſiniſter perſwaſion of ſome enimies to concorde, brake promiſe, and came not. When the king ſawe this through default of his aduerſarie, no treaty wold be had, he remooued to Vernon, and there a while remayned.

Nowe from Eureux the king had diſpatched the Erle of Warwicke vnto the ſiege of la Roch Guion, which fortreſſe he ſo conſtrayned,An. reg. 7. Roch Guion rendred vp. that it was yeelded into his handes, the ſixth of Apryll, in the beginning of this ſeuenth yeare of Kyng Henries raigne, and giuen to ſir Gay Buttelie late Captaine of Rouen, of the kings free and liberall graunt.

About the ſame ſame time,Chateau Gal[...] arde beſieg[...] the Duke of Exceter layde ſiege vnto Chateau Galyarde, which ſiege continued from the laſt of Marche, vnto the latter ende of September, or (as ſome write) vnto the .xx. of December, as after ſhall appeare.

The Duke of Glouceſter beeing ſent to wynne the Towne and Caſtell of Yuri,Yury takes by aſſault. tooke the Towne by aſſaulte, and the Caſtell was delyuered by compoſition after fortie dayes ſiege.

After this the Engliſhmen ouerranne the coū trey about Chartres, and did much hurt to theyr enimies in all places where they came.

The heartes of the Frenchmen were ſore diſcouraged with the loſſe of Rouen, and the other townes which yeelded one after another, thus to the Engliſhmen, ſo that ſuch as loued the wealth of their Countrey, ſore lamented the imminent miſchiefes, which they ſaw by the diuiſion of the Nobilitie, like ſhortlye to fall on theyr heades, namely bycauſe they ſawe no remedie prepared. But who euer elſe was diſquieted with this matter, Iohn Duke of Burgoigne raged, and ſwelled, yea and ſo muche freated therewith, that hee wyſt not what to ſay, and leſſe to doe: for hee knewe well that hee was neyther free from diſdaine, nor yet delyuered from the ſcope of malice, bycauſe that he onely ruled the King, and had the whole dooings in all matters aboute hym. And therefore he conſidered that all ſuch miſhappes as chaunced to the ſtate of the cōmon wealth would bee imputed to his negligence and diſordred gouernment.

To finde ſome remedie againſt ſuch daungers at hand, he thought firſt to aſſay, if hee might by any reaſonable meanes cōclude a peace betwixt y^e two mightie kings of England & France, which if hee might bring to paſſe, he doubted not to reuenge his quarell eaſily ynough againſt the Dolphin Charles, and to repreſſe all cauſes of grudge and diſdaine. Herewith intending to build vpon this fraile foundation, he ſent letters and Ambaſſadours to the king of England,Ambaſsadors [...] on either de. aduertiſing him that if he woulde perſonally come to a communication to bee had betweene him and Charles the Frenche king, hee doubted not but by hys onelye meanes, peace ſhould bee brought in place, and blondie battaile clearely exiled.

Titus Liuius.King Henrie giuing courteous eare to theſe Ambaſſadors, ſent with them the Earle of Warwicke as his Ambaſſador, accompanied with two hundred gentlemen to talke with the duke, as thē remaining in the French Court at the towne of Prouins.

The Erle was aſſayled by the way as he iorneyed, by a great number of rebellious perſons, gotten into armor, of purpoſe to haue ſpoyled him of ſuch money and things as he and his companie had about them. But by the high valiancie of the Engliſh people, with the ayde of theyr Bowes, the Frenchmenne were dyſcomfyted and chaſed.

The Earle at hys commyng to Prouins was honourably receyued, and hauing done the effect of his Meſſage returned, and wyth him the Earle of Saint Paule, and the ſonne and heyre of the Duke of Bourbon, were ſent as Ambaſſadours from the French King, to conclude vpon the time and place of the meeting, with al the circumſtances, wherevpon the king of England agreed to come vnto the towne of Mante, wyth condition that the duke of Burgoigne, and other for the French king ſhuld come to Pontoyſe, that either part might meet others in a cōuenient place betwixt thoſe two townes neare vnto Meulan: According to this appoyntment, King Henrie came to Mante, wherein the feaſt of Pentecoſt he kept a liberall houſe to all commers, and ſate himſelfe in great eſtate: Vpon the which day, eyther for good ſeruice alreadie by them done, or for the good expectation of things to come,Creation of Earles. hee created Gaſcon de Fois, otherwyſe called the Captau or Captall de Buef, a valiaunt Gaſcoigne, Earle of Longueuile, and Sir Iohn Grey, Erle of Tankeruile, and the Lorde Bourſhier, Earle of Eu.

After this ſolenme feaſt ended, the place of the enteruiew and meeting was appoynted to be beſide Meulan on the riuer of Seyne, where in a fayre place euery parte was by commiſſioners appoynted to theyr ground.

When the daye of appoyntment approched, whiche was the laſte day of Maye, the King of England accompanied with the Dukes of Clarence, and Glouceſter, his brethren, the Duke of Exceter his Vncle,Eyther part was appointed to bring with them not paſte ii.M.v.C. men of war as Tit. Liu. hath. and Henrie Beauford Clerke his other vncle, which after was Biſhop of Wincheſter and Cardinall, with the Erles of Marche Saliſburie, and others, to the number of a thouſand men of warre, entred into his ground which was barred about and ported, wherein his tentes were pight in a princely maner.

Likewyſe for the Frenche part,A treatie of peace. came Iſabell the Frenche Queene, bycauſe hir huſbande was fallen into hys olde frantike diſeaſe, hauing in hir companie the Duke of Burgoigne, and the Earle of Saint Paule, and ſhee had attending vppon hir the fayre Ladie Katherine hir daughter, wyth .xxvj. Ladies and Damoſelles: and had alſo for hir furniture a thouſand men of of warre: The ſayde Ladie Katherine was brought by the Queene hir mother, onelye to the intent that the King of Englande beholding hir excellent beautie, ſhoulde bee ſo enflamed and rapt in hir loue, that hee to obteyne hir to his wife, ſhoulde the ſooner agree to a gentle peace and louing concorde. But though many wordes were ſpent in this treatie,Seuen times the laſt being on the laſt day of Iune. Tit. Liuius. and that they mette at eight ſeuerall tymes, yet no effect enſued, nor any concluſion was taken by thys friendly conſultation, ſo that both partyes after a Princely faſhion tooke leaue eche of other, and departed, the Engliſhe menne to Mant, and the Frenche men to Pontoyſe.

Some Authours write that the Dolphyn to ſtaye that no agreement ſhoulde paſſe,Chro. of Flan. ſent Sir Taneguye de Chaſtell to the Duke of Burgoin, declaring that if hee woulde breake of the treatie with the Engliſhe men, he woulde then common with him, and take ſuch order, that not only they but the whole Realme of Fraunce ſhould thereof be glad and reioyce. Howſoeuer it came to paſſe,Titus Liuius. truth it is, that where it was agreed, that they ſhoulde eftſoones haue met in the ſame place on the thirde of Iuly. The King according to that appoyntment came, but there was none for the French part, neither Queene nor Duke, that once appeared, ſo that it was manifeſt ynough how the fault reſted not in the Engliſhmen but in the French men, by reaſon whereof no concluſion forted to effect of all this communication, ſaue onely that a certaine ſparke of burning loue was kindled in the kings heart by the ſight of the Lady Katherine.

The king without doubt was highly diſpleaſed in his minde, that this communication came to no better paſſe. Wherefore he miſtruſting that the Duke of Burgoigne was the verie let and ſtoppe of his deſires, ſayde vnto hym before his departure: Couſin we will haue your kings daughter, and all things that we demaunde with hir, or we will driue your king and you out of his realme. Well ſayd the Duke of Burgoigne, before you driue the king and me out of his realme, you ſhall be well wearied, and thereof wee doubt little.

Shortly after, the Duke of Burgoigne and the Dolphin mette in the plaine fieldes beſydes Melun, and there comming togither, concluded apparantly an open peace and amytie, which was proclaimed in Paris, Amiens, and Pontoys. This agreement was made the vj. of Iuly in the yeare 1419. An egreement betweene the Duke of Burgoine and the Dolphyne. It was engroſſed by Notaries, ſigned with their handes, and ſealed with their great ſeales of armes: but as the ſequel ſhewed, hart thought not, what tongue ſpake, nor mind ment not, that hand wrote.Titus Liuius. Whiles theſe things were a doing, diuers of the Frenchmen in Roan wente about a conſpiracy againſt the Engliſhmen, whereof the King beeing aduertiſed, ſent thyther certayne of his nobles,A cōſpiracy in Roane. which tryed out theſe conſperators, cauſed them to be apprehended, had thē in examination, and ſuch as they found guiltye were put to death, and ſo ſetting the Citie in quietneſſe, returned to the king.

The king of Englande perceyuing by this newe alliance, that nothing was leſſe to be looked for, than peace at the handes of the Frenchmen, deuiſed ſtill howe to conquere townes and Fortreſſes, which were kept agaynſt him: and nowe that the truce was expired, on the .xxx. day of Iuly,Theſe bende[...] belonged to the Earle of Lōgueville & to the Lord de Leſpar Gaſcoignes hiſt. dez Du[...]z de Norman. The K playe[...]h the Porters part. he being as then within the towne of Maunte, appoynted certaine bandes of ſouldiers in the after noone to paſſe out of the Gates, giuing onely knowledge to the captaines what he would haue them to doe. And to the intent that no ynkling of the enterprice ſhould come to the enimies eare, he kept the gates himſelfe as Porter.

Theſe that were thus ſent forth, being gulded by y^e Erle of Lōgueuile, otherwiſe called y^e Captau de Buef, were commaunded in as ſecret maner as they coulde, to draw towarde the towne of Pontoyſe, and to keepe themſelues in couert tyll the darke of the night, and then to approch the walles of that towne, and vpon eſpying their aduauntage to enter it by ſcaling, hauing laddent and all things neceſſarie with them for the purpoſe.

Moreouer, about the cloſing of the day and night in the Euening, he ſent forth the Earle of Huntingdon, with other bandes of ſouldiers, to ſuccor and aſſyſt the other, if they chaunced to enter the towne according to the order taken.

Thoſe that were firſt ſent forth,This Capital was brother [...] the Erle of Fo[...]t. Hall. (according to their inſtructions) conueyed themſelues ſo cloſely to their appoynted places, that the enimies hard nothing of theyr doings. Wherevpon whē the night was come, they came in ſecret wiſe vnder the walles, and there watched their time till the morning began to draw on: In the meane time, whileſt the watch was departed, and before other were come into their places to relieue it,Pontoyſe ſurpriſed by the Engliſhmen. the Engliſhmen ſetting vp their ladders, entred and brake open one of the Gates to receyue the other that followed.

The Frenchmē perceiuing that y^e walles were taken, & their enimies entred into the town, at the firſt were ſore amaſed: but after perceyuing the ſmall nūber of the Engliſhmen, they aſſembled togither, & fiercely aſſailed them, ſo that they were conſtrayned to retyre to the walles and turrets, which they had taken, and with much adoe defended the ſame, ſome leaping down into the ditches, and hyding them in the vines,Hall. till at length the Earle of Huntingdon, with his companies came to theyr ſuccours, and entring by the Gate which was open, eaſily bet backe the enimies, and got the Market place: which thing when the lord Liſle Adam captaine of the towne perceyued,Hall. he opened the gate towards Paris, by the which hee with al his retinue, and diuerſe of the towneſmen to the number of ten thouſand in all, (as Engnerant de Monſtr. recounteth) fled towards Paris, taking away with thē their come, iewels, & plate. Some of them fleeing towards Beauuays, were met with, and ſtripped of that they had, by Ichan de Guigni, and Iehan de Claw, two Captaines that ſerued the Orliential faction.

There wer within the towne of Pontoyſe at that tyme when it was thus taken by the Engliſhmen, a thouſand launces, and two thouſande Arbeleſtiers, as Thomas Walſ. affyrmeth, and of Engliſhmen and Gaſcoignes that went fyrſt forth of Maunt with y^e Captal de Beuf, not paſt xv. hundred as Hall reporteth. Although Engnerant de Monſtrellet ſayth, they were about three thouſand. But how many ſoeuer they were, they durſt not at the firſt by reaſon of their ſmal number (as may be thought) once deuide themſelues, or fall to pylfering till about the houre of Prime, that the Duke of Clarence came to theyr ayde wyth fiue thouſand men, and much prayſing the valiantneſſe of the Earle and his retinue that had thus wonne the towne, gaue to them the chiefe ſpoyle of the which there was great plentie.

Then went the duke forth towardes Paris, & cōming thither, lodged before it two dayes & two nightes,The Duke of [...]rence cō [...]eth before [...]aris with his [...]my. without perceyuing any proffer of iſſue to be made forth agaynſt hym by hys enimyes, and therefore ſeeing that they durſt not once looke vpon him, hee returned to Pontoyſe, for the taking of whiche Towne the whole Countrey of Fraunce, and ſpecially the Pariſians were ſore diſmayed: for nowe there was no fortreſſe able to withſtande the Engliſh puyſſance. Inſomuch that the Iriſhmen ouerran all the Iſle of France,The Iriſhmen [...]orſe the Iſle [...]f Fraunce. and did to the Frenchmen domages innumerable (as theyr wryters affyrme) and brought daylye prayes to the Engliſh army.

And beſides that, they woulde robbe houſes, and lay beddes on the backes of the Kine, and ride vpon them, and carie yong children before them, and ſel them to the Engliſhmē for ſlaues: which ſtraunge doings ſo feared the Frenchmen wythin the territorie of Paris, and the Countrey aboute, that the rude perſons fled out of the villages with all their ſtuffe into the Citie.

The Frenche King, and the Duke of Burgoigne lying at Saint Denys, in this ſeaſon departed from thence with the Queene and hir daughter, and went to Troys in Champaigne, there to conſult of theyr buſineſſe, hauing left at Paris the Earle of Saint Paule, and the Lorde Liſte Adam, with a great puyſſance to defend the Citie.

The King of Englande immediately after that Pontoyſe was won (as before ye haue herd) came thither in perſon, as well to giue order for the placing of a ſufficient garniſon there for defence thereof, as to proceed further into the countrey for the conqueſt of other townes and places: and ſo after he had ſeene euery thing vſed in ſuch ſort as might ſtande with the good gouernment, and ſafe keeping of the ſayde Towne of Pontoys, the .xviij. day of Auguſt hee departed out of the ſame wyth his maine armie. [...]tus Liuius. And bycauſe they of the garniſon that laye in the Caſtell of Vauconvillers had done, and dayly dyd diuerſe and ſundrie diſpleaſures to the Engliſhmen, hee pyght downe his fielde neare to the fame, the better to reſtrayne them from theyr cruell attempts, [...]he caſtel of [...] Vil [...] beſieged [...]d taken. and withal ſent part of his armie to beſiege them wythin that Caſtell, whiche put them in ſuche feare, that they diſpeyring of all reliefe or ſuccor, and perceyuing they ſhoulde not be able long to defende the place agaynſt the kings puyſſaunce, yeelded the place with all theyr coigne and other goods into the kings handes.

The Souldiers of that garniſon,Titus Liuius and the inhabitantes, at the contemplation of a certaine Ladie there amongſt them, were licenced by the king to depart without armor or weapon, onely with their liues ſaued.

Iohn a Burgh that was after Baylife of Gyſours, was appoynted captaine of this caſtel.

After this,Gyſoures beſieged and yelded to the Engliſhmen. all the townes and Caſtels within a great circuite offred to yeelde themſelues vnto the Engliſh obeyſaunce, the ſtrong towne and Caſtell of Gyſours onely excepted, which ſtil held out, and woulde ſhewe no token of will to yeeld: Herevpon the king the laſt of Auguſt beganne to approch the ſame, but at the firſt hee coulde not come nere, by reaſon of the mariſhes and fennes: but yet ſuch was the diligence of the Engliſhmen aduaunced by the preſence of the king being there in perſon, readie in all places to commende them that were forwarde in their buſineſſe, and to chaſtice ſuch as ſlacked their duetie, that dayly they came nearer and nearer, although the Frenchmen iſſued forth daily to encounter them, giuing them many ſore and ſharpe ſkirmiſhes. For the towne being double walled and fenced with thoſe brode mariſhes, ſo encouraged them within, that they thought no force had beene able to haue ſubdued them: but at length calling to remembrance, that the King of Englande came before no towne, nor Fortreſſe, from which he would depart before he had brought it vnder his ſubiection, they offred to come to a Parlee, and in the ende compounded to render the towne into the kings hands the .viij. day of September next enſuyng, and the Caſtell (bycauſe it was the ſtronger peece) they couenanted to delyuer the .xxiiij. of the ſame, if in the meane time no reſkue came to rayſe the ſiege. Herevpon when no ſuche reliefe coulde be hearde of, at the dayes limitted, the ſouldiers of the garniſon, and the more part of the towneſmen alſo,Tho. VValſ. ſubmitted themſelues, and receyued an othe to bee true ſubiects to the king,Duke of Clarence hath Grafton. and ſo remayned ſtill in theyr rowmethes. The Erle of Worceſter was made captaine there.

About the ſame time, to witte,Titus Liuius. the .xxiij. of September (as ſome write) was Chateau Galiard ſurrendred to the handes of the Duke of Exceter, which had bene beſieged euer ſince the laſte day of March (as before ye haue heard). But other write that it held out a ſeuen Monethes, and was not deliuered till the .xx. of December.

This Caſtell was not onely ſtrong by ſituation, ſtanding vpon the toppe of a ſteepe hyll, but alſo cloſed with mightie thicke walles, and furniſhed with men, and all maner of munition and things neceſſarie. The king appoynted the Lord Ros captaine of it.

After that Giſours and Caſtell Galiard were thus yeelded to the Engliſh obeyſaunce, all the other townes and caſtels thereaboute, and in the countrey of Veulqueſſin, ſhortly after yeelded to the king, as Gourney, Chaumount, Neaufie, Dangu,Al Normandy reduced to the engliſh ſubiectes. and other ſmall fortreſſes. Of Gourney, was ſir Gylbert Vmfrevile made Captaine at Neaufie, the Earle of Worceter, and at Dangu Richarde Wooduile.

Shortly after was the Caſtell Daumal yelded to the Earle of Warwicke, to whome it was giuen. And thus was the whole duchie of Normandie (Mont Saint Michael only excepted) reduced to the poſſeſſion of the right heyre, whiche had beene wrongfully deteyned from the kings of England euer ſith the dayes of king Iohn, who loſt it about the yeare .1207.

To ſatiſfie thoſe that be deſirous to know what Captaynes were appoynted by the King in dyuerſe townes that were yeelded to him, of which we haue made no mention heretofore but ingenerall, hereafter follow the names of the ſayd captaynes and townes, as wee finde them in the Chronicles of Maiſter Hall.

At Crewleye, Sir Henrie Tanclux an Almaine.

At Torigny, Sir Iohn Popham, to whome it was giuen.

At Chamboy the Lord Fitz Hugh.

At Vernueil in Perche ſir Iohn Neuill.

At Eſſay, Sir William Huddleſton baylyfe of Alanſon.

At Crulye ſir Loys Robſert.

At Conde Norean, ſir Iohn Faſtolfe.

At Cawdebecke ſir Loys Robſert.

At Deepe, William Lorde Bourchier Erle of Eu.

At Aubemarle, the Earle of Warwike, and his deputie thereof William Montfort.

At Bell incombre, ſir Thomas Rampſton Lorde thereof by gyft.

At Longueuille, the Captall de Beuf or Buz, Erle thereof by gyft.

At Danuille, ſir Chriſtofer Burden.

At Couches, ſir Robert Marburie.

At Chierburg, ſir Iohn Gedding.

At Bacqueuille, the Lorde Ros.

At Arques ſir Iames Fines, baylife of Caux.

At Monceaux ſir Philip Leeche.

At Eſtrie Pagny, Richard Abraham.

At Sentler Surget, William Baſſet.

At Bretueil, Sir Henry Mortimer Baylife of Hunflew.

The Duke of B[...]goign: murthered.But nowe to returne where we left, the wyſe and graue perſonages of the realme of France ſore lamenting and bewayling the miſerie of theyr Countrey, ſawe they had puyſſaunce ynough to defende their enimies, if they were of perfite concord amongſt themſelues, and therfore to remoue all rancor and diſpleaſure betwixt the Dolphin, and the duke of Burgoigne, they procured a new meeting, whiche was appoynted to bee at Monſtreau on fault Yonne, where the two princes at the day aſſigned met: but ſuch was the fortune of Fraunce, that the Duke of Burgoigne was there murthered, as hee kneeled before the Dolphin: wherevpon enſued greater debate than before. For Philip Erle of Charroloyes, ſonne and heyre to the ſayde Duke, tooke the matter verye grieuouſly, as he had no leſſe cauſe, and determined to be reuenged on the Dolphin, and other that were guiltie of the murther.

When he had well conſidered of the matter,Ambaſsadors ſent to King Henry. Titus Liuius. and taken aduiſe with his counſayle, he firſt ſent Ambaſſadors to the king of Englande, then lying at Gyſours, to treate and conclude a truce betwene them both for a certaine ſpace, that they might talke of ſome concluſion of agreement.

King Henrie receyued the Ambaſſadors very courteouſly, and graunted that cōmunication might be had of peace, but vtterly denyed any abſtinence of warre, bycauſe hee woulde not loſe tyme, if the treatie ſorted not to good effect. Herevpon hauing his armie aſſembled at Maunte, he deuided the ſame into three parts,The caſtel of Saint Germ[...] in Lay and Montioyyded to the Engliſhmen. appoynting the Duke of Glouceſter with one part to go vnto the caſtel of S. Germain in Lay, & to lay ſiege therto

The duke according to his cōmiſſion cōming before that caſtel, within a while conſtrayned thē within by continuall ſkirmiſhes and aſſaults to deliuer vp the place into his hands. An other part of the army was ſent vnto the caſtel of Monti[...]y, which likewiſe by ſuch fierce aſſaults and manful approches as the Engliſhmen made thereto, was ſhortly giuen ouer and yeelded. The thirde part of the hoſt went to Meulane, a verie ſtrong town compaſſed aboute with the ryuer of Seyne, but the King deuiſed to faſten boates and barges togither, and to rere vp certaine frames of timber aloft on the ſame for defence of his ſouldiers, that ſhould by that meanes approch the walles, wherewith thoſe that had the towne in keeping were ſo put in feare, that theyr Captaine was glad to come to a communication, and agreed to deliuer the towne into the kings hands, if no reſkue came before the .xxx. day of October next enſuing. On whiche daye, for that no ſuccours appeared, the Towne (according to the couenantes) was gyuen vp into the Kings handes. Sir Thomas Rampſton was made Captaine there, and after him ſir Iohn Faſtolfe.

The king whileſt theſe places were beſieged,The ſtrong towne of the lan[...] yelded [...] the engliſh[...] and thus brought vnder his ſubiection, continued for the moſt parte at Maunt, but yet oftentimes he went forth to viſite his campes, and to ſee that nothing ſhoulde bee wanting, that might further the ſpeedie diſpatche of his enterprices.

Aboute the ſame tyme, there came agayne Ambaſſadours to him from the Frenche King Charles, and from the Duke of Burgoigne to treate wyth hym of ſome good concluſion of peace to bee had, but as yet hee had no ſuche truſt in theyr ſute, but that hee doubted their meaning, and therefore ceaſſed not to proceede in the wynning of Townes, and Caſtels, as he hadde done before.

Nowe when Chriſtmaſſe approched, the King withdrewe to Roan, and there kepte the ſolemnization of that Feaſt, appoynting in the meane tyme hys men of warre to be occupied as occaſion ſerued.

The Earle of Saliſburie was ſent to beſiege the towne of Freſney,1420 the which after ſtoute reſiſtance made at the firſt, ſhortly after was deliuered to him to the kings vſe.

The Earles Marſhall, and Huntingdon, ſir Iohn Greene Cornewall,Ann. reg. 8. ſir Philip Leech, and diuerſe other, were ſente into the Countrey of Mayne, where not farre from the Citie of Mans they were encountered by a power of Frenche men, whiche the Dolphin hadde ſent agaynſte them.

A great victorie on the Engliſh ſide.There was at the firſt a ſharpe bickering betwixt them, but in the ende the victorie remayned with the Engliſhmen, ſo that many of the Frēch men were ſlaine, and taken, and the reſidue chaſed out of the field. There were ſlaine (as Thomas Walſinghā hath, at the poynt of fiue thouſande, and two hundred taken priſoners, among whom was the Marſhal de Rous, and dyuerſe others of good account. The two Engliſh Erles remayned there as Victors, in the Countrey whiche was by the Kyng to them aſſigned.

Whileſt theſe victorious exploytes were thus happely atchieued by the Engliſhmen, and that the King lay ſtill at Roan, in giuing thankes to Almightie God for the ſame, there came to him eftſoones Ambaſſadours from the Frenche King and the Duke of Burgoigne to moue him to peace.

The King mynding not to be reputed for a deſtroyer of the Countrey, whiche hee coueted to preſerue,King Henry [...]cendth to [...] [...]e of [...]eace. or for a cauſer of Chriſtian bloud ſtil to be ſpylt in hys quarell, beganne ſo to encline and giue eare vnto theyr ſuyt and humble requeſt, that at length after often ſending to and fro, and that the Biſhop of Arras, and other men of honor had beene with him, and likewiſe the Earle of Warwike, and the Biſhop of Rocheſter hadde beene wyth the Duke of Burgoigne, they both finally agreed vpon certayne Articles, ſo that the French King and his commons woulde thereto aſſent.

Now was the French King and the Queene with theyr daughter Katherine at Troys in Champaigne gouerned and ordered by them, which ſo much fauored the Duke of Burgoigne, that they woulde not for any earthly good, once hynder or pull backe one [...]e of ſuch Articles as the ſame Duke ſhoulde ſeeke to preferre: and therfore what needeth many wordes,A truce triperti[...]. a [...] [...]pertite was accorded betweene the two kings and the Duke, and theyr Countreys, and order taken that the king of Englande ſhoulde ſende in the companie of the duke of Burgoigne his Ambaſſadours vnto Troy[...]s in Champaigne ſufficientlye authoriſed to treate and conclude of ſo great a matter.

The King of Englande being in good hope that all his affayres ſhoulde take ſo good ſucceſſe as he coulde with or deſire,Ambaſſadors from K. Henry to the Frēch k. ſent to the Duke of Burgoigne his Vncle, the Duke of Exceter, the Earle of Saliſburie, the Biſhop of E[...], the Lorde F[...], the Lorde Fitz Hugh, ſir Iohn Robſert, and ſir Philip Hall, with diuerſe doctours to the number of fiue .C. horſe, which in the company of the Duke of Burgoigne came to the Citie of Troys the .xj. of March.

The king, the Queene, and the Ladie Katherine them receyued, & hartily welcomed, ſhewing great ſignes and tokens of loue and amitie.

After a few dayes they fel to counſel,The Articles of the peace concluded betwene K. Hēry and the French king. in which at length it was concluded, that king Henrie of Englande ſhould come to Troys, and marry the Ladie Katherine, and the king hir father after his death ſhould make him heire of hys realm, crown and dignitie.

It was alſo agreed, that king Henrie during his father in lawes life, ſhoulde in his ſleade haue the whole gouernment of the realm of France, as regent thereof, wyth many other couenantes and articles, as after ſhall appeare. To the perfourmaunce whereof it was accorded, that all the nobles and eſtates of the realme of France, as well ſpirituall as temporall, and alſo the Cities and cōmonalties, Citizens and Burgeſſes of townes that were obeyſant at that time to the French K. ſhould take a corporall othe.

Theſe Articles were not at the firſte in all poynts brought to a perfect concluſion. But after that the effect and meaning of them was agreed vpon by the commiſſioners, the Engliſh men departed towards the king their maiſter, and left ſir Iohn Robſert behinde, to giue his attendance on the Ladie Katherine.

King Henry being enfourmed by them of that which they had done, was well content with the agreement, and with all diligence prepared to go vnto Troys, and therevpon hauing all things in a redineſſe, he being accōpanied with his brethren the dukes of Clarence and Glouceſter, the Erles of Warwik, Saliſbury, Huntingdon, Eu, Tankeruile, & Longuile, & .xv.M. men of warre, went from Roane to Pontoyſe, and departing from thence the eight day of May, came to Saint Denis two leagues from Paris, and after to Pontchareton,Tho. VValſ. where he left a ſtrong garniſon of men, with ſir William Gaicoigne, to kepe the paſſage, and ſo then entring into Brie,Titus Liuius. he tooke by the way a Caſtell which was kept agaynſt him, cauſing them that ſo kept it ſome to bee hanged, and the reſidue to be led forth with him as priſoners. And after this keeping on his iourney by Prouins, and Nogent, at length he came to Troyes. The Duke of Burgoigne accompanyed wyth many Noble men, receyued him two leagues withoute the towne and conueyed him to his lodging:King Henry commeth to Troyes to the French king. All his armie was lodged in ſmal villages therabout. And after that he had repoſed himſelfe a little, he went to viſite the French King, the Queene, and the Ladie Katherine, whome he founde in Saint Peters Church,King Henry affreth the French kings daughter. where was a ioyous meeting betwixt thē. And this was on the .xx. day of May, and there the king of Englande, and the Ladie Katherine were affianced.

After this the two kings and their counſaile aſſembled togithers dyuerſe dayes, wherein the firſt concluded agreement, was in diuerſe poynts altered and brought to a certaintie, according to the effect aboue mentioned.

When this great matter was finiſhed, the kinges ſware for their partes to obſerue al the couenants of this league and agreement. Likewiſe the duke of Burgoigne and a great number of other Princes and Nobles which were preſent, receiued an othe,Titus Liuius. the tenor whereof as the Duke of Burgoigne vttered it in ſolēne wordes, thus enſueth accordingly as the ſame is exemplifyed by Titus Liuius de Fruloxiſijs. In Latine. 

The oth of the D. of Burgoigne. EGo Philippus, Burgundiae dux perme meos que haredes, ad ſacra dei Euangelia domino regi Hē rico Angliae, Franciae que , pro Car[...]lo rege regenti iuro, quod humiliter ipſi Henrico fideliter que [...]uncti[...] in rebus qua remp. ſpectant & Frācia coron[...] obediemus, & ſtatim poſt mortē Caroli dom[...] wyn, domino Herico regi ſuis que ſucceſſoribus in perp[...] ligei fideles erimus, nee alium quempiā pro do[...] noſtro ſupremo Franciae rege, quā Henritū & ſuis haredes habebimus, ne que patiemur. No crem[...] pratereae in conſilio vel cōſenſu cuiuſquàm dam[...] regis Hērici, ſuorum ve ſucceſſorū, vbi quicquam decrimeti patiantur capit is ſ[...]ue mēbri vel vitā perdāt fed praedicta (quārū in nobis fuerit) quàm tite[...] literis vel nuntijs, vt ſibi melius prouidere valeant, eis ſignificabimus.

The ſame is engliſhed thus.

I Philip duke of Burgoigne, for my ſelfe, and for mine heires, do here ſweare vpon the holy Euangeliſt of God, vnto Henry K. of England, & regēt of France for K. Charles, y^t we ſhal hūbly & faithfully obey the ſaid Hēry in al things which concerne the cōmon welth & crowne of France, & immediatly after the deceaſe of our ſoueraign L. king Charles, we ſhal be faithful liegemē vnto y^e ſaid K. Henry, & to his ſucceſſors for euer neither ſhal we take or ſuffer any other for our ſoueraign Lord & ſupreme K of France, but the ſame Henrie & his heires, neither ſhal we be of counſelor cō ſent of any hurt towards the ſaid K. Henry or his ſucceſſors, whereby they may ſuffer loſſe & detrymēt of life or limme, but that the ſame ſo farre as in vs may lie, wee ſhall ſignifie to them with all ſpeed, by letters or meſſengers, that they may the better prouide for themſelues in ſuch caſes.

The like othe a great number of the Princes and Nobles both ſpirituall and temporall which were preſent, receyued the ſame time.

This done, the Morrow after Trinitie Sunday, being the thirde of Iune, the mariage was ſolemnized and fully cōſummate, betwixt the K. of England, and the ſaid Ladie Katherine.

Herewith was the king of Englande named and proclamed heyre and Regent of Fraunce, and as the Frenche king ſent the Copie of thys treatie to euery towne in Fraunce, to the king of Englande ſent the ſame in Engliſh to euery citie and Market towne within his realme, to be proclaimed and publiſhed. The true copie whereof as wee finde it in the Chronicle of maiſter Hall, we haue thought good here to ſet downe, for the more full ſatiſfying of thoſe that ſhall deſire to pervſe euery clauſe and article thereof.

Tho. VValſ.The .xiiij. of Iune being Fryday, there was a ſolemne Proceſſion at London, and a Sermon at Paules Croſſe, in whiche the Preacher openly declared the effect of the kings maryage, and the articles cōcluded vpon the ſame, by reaſon wherof (he ſayd) there muſt be a new great ſeale deuiſed, and the olde broken, and in the newe the kings name with a newe addition of his tytle as Regent of Fraunce, & heyre apparant of that kingdome was to be engraued.

Beſide the league thus concluded by K. Henrie with the French king,A l[...]gue betweene king Henry and the Duke of Burgoigne. and the whole [...] of the realme of France, there was a priuate league accorded betwixt him and the Duke of Burg[...] the effect whereof was comprehended in articles as followeth.

Firſt, that the duke of Burgoigne ſhould procure this peace lately before concluded, to be obſerued firme and ſtable in all couenants & poynts therof ſo farre as he by any meanes might [...] the ſame: in conſideration wherof, one of the brethren of king henry ſhould take to wife one of the ſaid duke of Burgoigne his ſiſters. That K. Hē rie ſhould euer haue in ſingular fauor the ſaid D. of Burgoigne, as his moſt dere brother, & ſupport him in all his rights. That the ſaid duke after the deceaſſe of king Charles ſhuld take an othe of [...] altie to be true to king Henrie & his heyres according to the forme & tenor therof before expreſſed, & ſhuld in al things be friend to k. H. & his heires foreuer. That k. Henry ſhuld do his vttermoſt endeuor, that due puniſhment might bee had for the murther of Duke Iohn, father to the ſayd Duke of Burgoigne, aſwell vpon Charles that named himſelfe Dolphin, as vpon others that were guiltie and priuie to that murther: If the ſayd Dolphin chanced to be takē, either in battail or town beſieged, or if any other chanced ſo to be taken, that ſhould be proued guiltie or priuie to the murther of the ſayd duke Iohn, he ſhould not be deliuered without iuſt puniſhment for his deches, nor without the cōſent of the two kings Charles and Henrie, & of the three eſtates of both the realmes. In conſideration of the great diligence, and painfull trauaile ſuſteyned by the duke of Burgoigne, it was alſo agreed, that he ſhould haue by Pa[...] graunted of king Charles and Queene Iſabella fee of .xx. thouſand pounds Pariſien, of yerely reuenues, aſſigned forth neare to the confines of his Countrey, to enioy the ſame to him and to hys wyfe the Duches Michel, and to the heires [...] betwixt them two lawfully begotten, to the obteyning whereof, king Henry ſhould ſhew all hys furtherance, & if it might not be brought to paſſe till king Henrie had obteyned the Crowne of Fraunce, then ſhould hee ſee the ſame perfor[...], vpon the receyuing of his homage.

The king of Englande after all the articles of the ſaid treaties and agreements were concluded,The effect of King Hen[...] Oration to [...] French king. paſſed & ſworne vnto, made to the French K. the duke of Burgoigne, & other the French Lordes, a ſumptuous banquet, & before they departed frō the ſame, he ſadly and ſoberly made to thē a eight pithie and ſentētious oration, declaring to thē [...]o[...] how profitable the ioyning of the two kingdomes ſhoulde bee to the ſubiectes of the ſame, [...] the right that hee had thereto, being by ly[...]all diſent of the womans ſide, (which is the [...],) rather a Frenchman than an Engliſhman, and though he was an Engliſhman borne, yet he aſſured them to tender the wealth of the Realme of France, as much as he would the aduancement of his owne natiue Countrey of England: herewith, hee inueyghed againſte Charles the Dolphin, being the head and onely mainteyner of all the ciuil diſcord, whoſe wicked nature, and cruel diſpoſition, did wel appeare in the murther of the late Duke of Burgoigne, he therfore willed thē, according to their duetie, othe, and agreement, to ſtand with him, and help to reduce ſuche a ſtubborne and diſloyall ſonne, vnto the obeyſance of his father K. Charles, that hee might ſhew himſelfe conformable vnto ſuche orders and decrees, as they had taken, appointed, and agreed vpon: and for his parte, he promiſed to worſhippe, loue, and honor his father in lawe y^e ſaid K. Charles, in place of his owne father, according to the true meaning of this concorde and agreemente, truſting the ſame to bee a peace finall. And to conclude, he promiſed, that if they ſhewed thēſelues true and loyall to him, according to the ſame agreement, the Ocean Sea ſhould ſooner ceaſſe to flow, and the bright ſunne loſe his light, than he woulde deſiſt from doing that whiche became a Prince to do to his ſubiect, or a father to his naturall child. When hee had thus perſwaded the nobilitie, and diſpatched his buſineſſe at Troies, he with all his armie, hauing with him the frēch King,It was rendred vp the tenth of Iune. Titus Liuius. Se[...]s & Monſtreau beſieged and taken The ſiege was layde the .xvi. [...]ne. and the Duke of Burgoigne, departed frō thence the fourth of Iune, and vpon the ſeuenth day of the ſame moneth, came before the towne of Sens in Burgoigne, which held on the Dolphins part, but after four days ſiege; it was yeelded vnto the King, and there he made Captaine, the Lord Genuille. From thence, hee remoued to Monſtreaw on fault Yonne, which towne was taken on the three and twentith day of Iune, by aſſault, and many of the Dolphins part apprehended, before they could get to the Caſtell.

Whileſt y^e ſiege lay there, and before y^e towne was entred, the Duke of Bedforde came thither vnto the K. bringing with him a faire retinue of Souldiers out of England. After the getting of the Towne, the Caſtell being well vittelled and manned, denyed to render, and therefore was it enuironed with a ſtrong ſiege, during y^e which, the Duke of Burgoigne [...] this what place of the towne the Duke his [...] her was [...] [...]ede, who was ſtaine the[...] before o[...] haue heard. And [...]w his corp[...] [...] vp aga[...] by his ſonne [...]ſe and ſea[...], and ſo co[...]p[...]ighed vnto Dige[...] [...] high Bu[...]goigne, & the[...] buryed by his father [...] Bycauſe they within the C[...]ſtall of M[...] ga[...] oppro[...]rious w[...] to the kings Ho[...] that was ſente to them, the King cauſed a [...] vp before the Caſtell, on the which were hanged twelue priſoners, all Gentlemen, and friendes to the Captaine named Monſ. de. Guit[...], who at length, perceiuing that by no meanes he could be ſuccoured, and fearing to be taken by force, begā to treate with the King of Englande, who for the ſpace of eight dayes would hearken to none of his offers, but in concluſion, hee and his rendred themſelues ſimply, their liues only ſaued,It held not out ſo lōg as ſhuld appere by Titus Liuius, who ſaith, that it was rendred the fourth of Iulye. Melun beſieged by kyng Henry. ſixe weekes after they had bin beſieged. The erle of Warwike was made Captaine, both of the Towne and Caſtell, who fortified it with men, munition, and vittailes. The King departing from thence, came to Melun vppon Seine, the thirtenth day of Iuly, and beſieged it rounde about, hauing then in company with him y^e french King, and the yong King of Scottes, the dukes of Burgoigne, Clarence, Bedford, Glouceſter, & Bar, the Prince of Orange, and one and twentie Earles, beſides Lords, Barons, and knights, equall to Lordes in degree, to the number of 57. what of England and Frāce,Eighteene wekes haue the Chronicles of Flaunders. Titus Liuius. and beſide alſo fifteene maiſter ſouldiers. This ſiege continued the ſpace almoſt of ſeauen monethes, or as Thomas Walſ. hathe, fourteene weekes, and foure days, with ſkirmiſhing, ſcaling, aſſaulting, and defending, to the loſſe no doubt of both partes.Monſieur de Barbaſon a valiant captaine. Captain of this towne, was one Monſ. de Barbaſon, a Gaſcoigne of ſuche experience and approued vahā [...]t in warres, that his renowne was ſpred through the world. At the firſt laying of the ſiege, he called all the Souldiers there in garriſon, and likewiſe the towneſmen afore him, and warned them all on paine of deathe, that none of them ſhould bee ſo hardie, as to treate, or once to motion any word of ſurrendring the towne, or of comming to any compoſition or agreemēt with the two kings, except they made him being their Captaine, priuie thereto, before they attēpted any ſuch thing. In the meane ſeaſon, y^e frēch Queene, the Queene of England, and the Duches of Burgoine, lying at Corheill, came dyuers times to viſit their huſbāds, and to ſee theſe friendes, whome the King of Englande highly feaſted, & louingly enterteined, that euery creature reported great honor of him.Titus Liuius This Towne of Melun ſeemed very ſtrong, both by reaſon of the riuer of Saine, which compaſſed part therof, alſo he ſtrong walles, [...]rrers ditches, and bulw[...]ckes made about it. The K. therefore to take away all the [...] & entries from them within, made [...]bridge ouer the riuer, able to beare horſes and carriage and againe, appointed dyuers boares, [...]ſhed with men of warre, to keepe the ſ[...]reathe, ſo y^t they [...]hin ſhould haue no way is co[...]e [...] by water or la[...] yet one day, the French [...] forth, and affected y^e Engliſh [...]gings, [...] the [...] encamped on the Eaſt ſide of the towne, not far from the D. of Burgoigne, but by the valiaunt prowes & manly courage of the Engliſhmen, the enimies were eaſily beaten backe, and conſtreyned to retire into the Towne againe, with theyr loſſe. Heere is to be remembred, that during thys ſiege before Melun, there came to the K. the D. of Bauiere,The duke of Ba[...]ere commeth to king Henry with a number of horſemen. y^e kings brother in law, but the kings ſiſter that had bin married to him, was not then liuing, and brought with him ſeuen hundred wel appointed horſemē, which were reteined to ſerue the K. and right worthely they bare themſelues, and therefore moſt liberally recompenced at the kings hande, for the time they continued in hys ſeruice. The K. enforced this ſiege by all wayes & meanes poſſible, to bring the towne into ſubiection, as well by mines as otherwiſe, but they within y^e towne ſo valiantly behaued thēſelues, as well by coūtermines, whereby at length they entred into y^e kings mines, as by other wayes of reſiſtaunce, that by force of aſſaultes it was not thought any eaſie matter to winne the ſame. It fortuned one day,The tranſlator of Tit. Liuius. that whileſt ther roſe a cōtention betwixt two Lords of the kings hoſt, who ſhould haue the honor to goe firſt into y^e mine, to encounter with y^e frēchmen, y^t now had brought their mine through into y^e engliſh mines, & made barriers betwixte, that they might ſafely come & ſight with the Engliſhmen: the K. to auoide the ſtrife,K. Henry and Monfire Barbaſon fighte hand to hand. entred the mine himſelfe firſt of all other, & by chance, came to fight hande to hand with the L. Barbaſon, that was likewiſe entred y^e myne before all other of them within the towne, & after they had fought a good ſeaſon togither, at lēgth they agreed to diſcouer to eyther other their names, ſo as y^e L. Barbaſon, firſt declaring what he was, y^e K. likewiſe tolde him, that he was the K. of England, wherevppon. Barbafon perceyuing with whome he had fought cauſed y^e barroces forth with to be cloſed, and withdrew into y^e Citie, & the K. returned backe to his campe. At length, vittailes within the to[...] began to faile, & peſtilence began to waxe hote, ſo that the Lord Barbaſon began to treate, and in concluſion, aboue the middes of Nouember (as Fabian ha[...] the towne was yeelded vpon certaine conditiōs,It was [...] dred about all [...]l[...]ide, as Tho. Wal[...] [...]o[...]. Mel[...] yelded vp to K. Henry whereof one was, that all y^t were conſenting to the death of y^e D. of Burgoigne, ſhoulde be delyuered to y^e K. of England, of whom the L. Barbaſon was ſuſpected to be one. The K. ſente them vnder the conduct of his brother the D. of Clarence, to the Citie of Paris, whereof y^e french K. made him Captaine, & ſo at his cōming thither, he toke poſſeſſiō of y^e Baſtill of S. Anthonie, the Loure, y^e houſe of Neelle, & the place of Boys de Vincennes.Titus Liuius. Monſ. de Barbaſon was accuſed by the D. of Burgoigne, and his ſiſters as giltie to their fathers death, but he in open Court defended himſelfe, as not giltie of that crime, granting indeede and cōfeſſing, y^t he was one of y^e familiar ſeruants to the Dolphin, but y^t he was priuie of cōſenting to y^e death of the D. of Burgoigne he vtterly denied: where vpon, he was not condemned, neither yet acquited, by reaſon of ſuche preſumptions & coniectures as were alledged and brought againſt him, ſo y^t he remained in priſon at Paris & elſe where, y^e ſpace of nine yeres, til at length, beeing broughte vnto Caſtel Galliard, it chanced y^t the ſame Caſtell was won by thoſe of the Dolphins partie, & he being as then priſoner there, eſcaped out of danger, & ſo by that meanes was ſet at libertie, as after ſhall appeare.Now this Appeale. Some write, y^t he had bin put to death, if he had not appealed from K. Henries ſentence, vnto the iudgement of y^e officers at armes, alledging, that by y^e lawe of armes, no man hauing his brother in armes within his danger, afterwardes ought in put him to deathe for any cauſe or quarell, & that he was the kings brother in armes he proued it, for y^t he had fought with him hād to hand within y^e mines (as before ye haue heard) which combate was thought of equall force by the Heraults as if he had fought w^t the K. body to body, th[...] ſolemne liſtes. But for y^e credite of this mother, we leaue it to y^e cōſideration of y^e Readers. The erle of Hūtingeō, was made Captaine of Melū, & from thence, y^e K. departed with his army vnto E[...]rbeil, where y^e french K. & the two Queene then ſo iourned, & after, both y^e kings accompanied w^t the dukes of Bedford, Burgaine, Conteſtor, & Exeter, & the Erles of Warwike & Saliſburie, w^t a great nūber of noble mē & knights, ſet forth towards Paris, whome the Citizens [...] good order met without the gates,King Henry [...] receiued in a Paris. & the Clergie alſo w^t ſolemne proceſſiō: all the [...]tes wer hā ged with rich clothes, the two kings rode togyther (the K. of England giuing y^e vpper hand [...] his father in lawe) through y^e great Citie of Paris, to our Lady Church, where after they hadde ſaide their deuotions, they departed to their lodgings, the french K. to y^e houſe of S. Paule, and y^e K. of Englād to y^e Caſtel of Loure. The next day, the two Queenes made their entrie, & were receiued with like ſolemnities, as their huſbands were y^e day before. During y^e ſeaſon y^t theſe two Kings lay in Paris, there was a great aſſemble called, as wel of y^e ſpiritualtie, as of the nobles of y^e tēporaltie, in y^e whiche, the kings ſate as Iudges,The duches of Burgoigne hir appeal[...]. before whom, the Duches of Burgoigne, by hir proctor, appealed the Dolphin, & ſeuen other, for the murther of D. Iohn hir huſband. To the which appeale, the counſell of y^e other part made diuers offers of amēds, as wel of foundations of Chātries for prieſts, to pray for y^e foule, as recō pence of money to the widowe & children, for the final determination wherof, y^e kings to take further aduice therein, appointed another day. At this ſame time, y^e three eſtates of the Realme of France aſſembled at Paris,The othe of the three eſtates of France. & there euery perſon ſeuerally ſware vpō the holy Euāgeliſt, to kepe, ſupport, mainteine, & defend the treatie and finall accord, which was concluded betweene the two kings, & therto euery noble mā, ſpirituall gouernor, & tēporal ruler, ſet too their ſeales, which inſtrumēts wer ſent to y^e kings treaſurie of his Eſchequer at Weſt. ſafely to be kept, wher they yet remaine. The french K. at y^e ſame time, being in good & perfect ſtate of health, opēly there in Parliamēt declared, y^t the peace was cōcluded, accorded, & made by his free aſſent, & with y^e aduice of al y^e counſell of France, & that he woulde for hys owne part, & that his ſucceſſors ought for theyr parts, obſerue & keepe y^e ſame, with al the articles therin cōteined. And likewiſe, that al his ſubiects were bound for euer, to obſerue & keepe the ſame, without breaking or doing any thing preiudicial therto. During the time y^t the two kings thus ſoiourned in Paris, the french king kept a ſmall port, very few, & thoſe of y^e meaner ſort reſorting vnto his Court, but the K. of Englād kept ſuch a ſolemne ſtate, w^t ſo plētifull an houſe, & ſhewed himſelfe ſo bountiful in giftes, & ſetting forth of warlike ſhewes & princely paſtimes, that all the noble mē & other reſorted to his palace, to ſee his eſtate, & to do him honor. He toke vpō him as regēt of France,King Henrye taketh vppon him the office o[...] Regent of France. to redreſſe cauſes, remoue officers, reforme things y^t were amiſſe, and cauſed a newe coigne to be made, called a Salute, wherin were y^e armes of France, & the armes of England and Frāce quarterly ſtamped. Alſo, to ſet al things in quiet, he cōſtituted ſir Gilbert Vmfreuile Captain of Melū, w^t a good nūber of valiant Souldiers, to remaine there in garriſon, & the Earle of Hūtingtō, couſin germaine to the K. was deputed Captaine at Blois de Vincenes, & the Duke of Exeter, w^t fiue C. men of warre, was aſſigned to keepe Paris. The D. of Bauier about y^e ſame time, w^t the kings licence, departed into his coū trey, both he & his retinue, receiuing large giftes of y^e kings greate liberalitie, and amongſt other things, the K. gaue to him a cup of golde, garniſhed & ſet with pretidus ſtones of great price and value. Moreouer, he had a penſiō giuen him of a M. markes by yere, vnder the kings letters pattents, to be had & receiued of y^e kings free & liberal grant, during the life of the ſaid Duke.

When the King had thus ordred his buſines, he w^t the Q. his wife, the princes, & nobles of the Realme departed frō Paris y^e ſixth of Ianuarie,1421 & came to Rouen, but firſt before his departing, he cauſed proces to be made & awarded forth againſt Charles y^e Dolphin, cōmanding him to appeare at the marble table at Paris, where for lacke of appearance, hee was with al ſolemnitie in ſuch caſe requiſite, denoūced giltie of y^e murther & homicide of Iohn D. of Burgoigne, & by the ſentence of Parliament, baniſhed the realme: but y^e Dolphin withdrew into Languedoc, and after to Poictiers, getting to him ſuch friends as he could, & namely, he found y^e erle of Arminacke very faithfull to him, not only aiding him with men, but alſo in his owne perſon, he continually ſerued him againſt all his aduerſaries. The K. of England comming to Roane, ſoiourned there a certain time, & receiued y^e homage of all y^e nobles of Normādie, amōgſt whom, y^e erle of Stafford did homage for y^e countie of Perche,Theſe Counties they enioyed of the kings gift. and Arthur of Britaigne lykewiſe for the countie of Ivrie,

He alſo ordeined his Lieutenaunt generall, both of France & Normandy, his brother Tho. D. of Clarence, & his deputie in Normādy was the Erle of Saliſburie. Whē the feaſt of Chriſtmas was paſſed, hee departed frō Roane, w^t the Q. his wife, & by Amiens came to Calais, wher he tooke ſhip the morow after Candlemas day,He landed at Douer on Cā delmaſſe euen ſayeth Tho. Walſingham. & landed at Douer, & came to Canterburie, & from thēce to Eltham, & ſo through Londō to Weſt. I paſſe ouer to write what ioy & triumph was ſhewed by the Citizens of Londō,K. Henry returneth into England with his new wyfe. and of al other his ſubiectes in euery place where he came. The King hymſelfe to render vnto God hys moſt humble and hartie thankes, cauſed ſolemne proceſſions to be obſerued and kept fiue dayes togyther in euery Citie and towne. After that done,Tho. Walſing. ſaith, ſhe was crowned the firſt Sunday in Lent, whiche that yeare fell vpon the ninth of February. The coronation of Queene Catherine. he made great pu[...]ueyance for the coronation of his Q. & ſpouſe, the faire Lady Katherine, whiche was done the daye of S. Mathie, beeing the 24. of February, with all ſuch Ceremonies and princelyke ſolemnitie as apperteined, and as in y^e Chronicles of Robert Fabian is at large expreſſed. After the ſolemne feaſt of the Coronation once ended, the King as well to viſit certayne places for deuotion, by way of pilgrimage, as alſo to ſee in what ſtate and ord[...]r diners parts of his Realm ſtoode, departed from the Q. appointing day and place where ſhe ſhould meete hym, and ſo iourneyed forthe from place to place, thorough ſundry Countreys, as well of Wales as Englande, and in euery quarter where he came, hee heard with diligent eare the complaintes of ſutors,Iuſtice miniſtred by kyng Henry in progreſſe. & tooke order for the adminiſtration of iuſtice both to high and lowe, cauſing manie myſdemeanors to be reformed. At length he came to the town of Leyceſter, where he foūd the Quene according to the appointment before taken.

An. reg. 9. Heere at Leiceſter, he held the feaſt of Eaſter: but while theſe things wer thus adoing in England, the D. of Clarence, the Kings Lieutenant in France and Normandie, aſſembled togither all the garriſons of Normandie, at the Towne of Bernay, and from thence departed into y^e coū trey of Maine, and at Pont le Gene he paſſed the riuer of Yonne, and rode through all the Countrey to Lucie,The duke of Clarence made a roade into Aniow. where he paſſed the riuer of Loire, and entred into Aniou, and came before the Citie of Angiers, where he made many Knightes, that is to ſay, ſir William Ros, ſir Henry Goddard, Sir Rowlande Rider, ſir Thomas Beaufort, called the baſtard of Clarence, and diuers other and after that hee had forrayed, brente, and ſpoiled the countrey, hee returned with pray and pillage, to the towne of Beaufort, in the valley, where he was aduertiſed, that a great number of his enimies, Frenchmen, Scottes, Spanyards, and other, were aſſembled togither, at a place called Viell Bauge, that is, olde Bangie,Viel Bauge or Bangie. with the Duke of Alanſon, calling hymſelfe Lieutenant generall for the Dolphin. The D. of Clarence had a Lombard reſorting vnto him,Forguſa, a Lumbard, betrayeth the duke of Clarence. reteined with the parte aduerſe (his name was Andrewe Forguſa) of whome the Duke enquired the number of his enimies, to whome he reported, that their number was but ſmall, and not of puiſſance to match with halfe the power of hys ſtrong armye, entiſing him with aſſurance of victorie, to ſet on the Frenchmē. The Duke like a couragious Prince, aſſembled togither all the horſemen of the army, and left the archers vnder the guiding of the baſtard of Clarence, and two Portingales, Captaines of Frefney le Vicount, ſaying, that he onely and the nobles would haue y^e honor of that iourney. Whē the D. was paſſed a certaine ſtraight and narrow paſſage, he eſpied his enimies raunged in good order of battell, by the monition of the Lombard, which had ſold him to his enimies, and his aduerſaries had laid ſuch buſhments at the ſtraights, that y^e duke by no waies without battell, coulde either retire or flee. The Engliſhmen ſeing this, valiantly ſet on their enimies, which was four to one,The Engliſhmen diſco[...] ted. by reaſon wherof, at length the Engliſhmen were oppreſſed with multitude, & brought to confuſion.

The duke of Clarence and dyuers nobles of Englande ſlayne.There were ſlaine, the Duke of Clarence, the Earle of Tankeruile, the Lord Ros, ſir Gilberte Vmfreuile Earle of Angus, and ſir Iohn Lomley, Sir Robert Verend, and almoſt two thouſand Engliſhmen: and the Earles of Somerſet, Suffolke, and Perche, the Lorde Fitz Water, ſir Iohn Barkeley, ſir Raufe Neuile, Sir Henrye Inglis, ſir William Bowes, ſir William Logton, ſir Thomas Borough, and diuers other taken priſoners. And of the Frenchmen wer ſlaine aboue twelue hundred of the beſt men of warre they had, ſo that they gained not much. The baſtard of Clarence which tarried at Beaufort, being enformed of the great number of the Frēchmen, made forward with al the archers, to come to the ſuccoure of the Duke, but they came too late, for the Frenchmē hearing of the approching of the archers, fledde with their priſoners, and lefe the body of the Duke, and other the dead carcaſes behind them. The archers buried them all ſauing the Dukes corps, whiche with great ſolemnitie was ſent into England, and buried at Canterburie beſide his father. After this, y^e Engliſhmen brent & ſpoiled the Countrey of Maine, and ſo returned to Alanſon, and after departed euery man to his garriſon. This battell was ſought on Eaſter euen, in the yeare .1421. But now to returne to the king. After he had kept his Eaſter at Leiceſter, hee with the Queene remoued, and wente Northwarde, till they came to Yorke, where they were receiued with great ioy of the Citizens and other the nobles and Gētlemen of the countrey. The K. went vnto Beuerley, to viſit the ſhrine of S. Iohn, and immediately vpon his departure frō thence, the ſorowful newes of his brother y^e D. of Clarence his death, came to him, for the which he was right penfite: but ſith mourning would not auaile, he called to remembrance what he had to do, and therevpon without delay,The Earle of [...]raigne [...]de Internat [...] of Normandy. ſente Edmōd erle of Morraigne, brother to the Erle of Sōmerſet into Normandie, giuing to him like authoritie & preheminēce, as his brother the late deceaſſed D. of Clarence had before enioyed.A parliament. After this, he called hys hygh Court of Parliament, in the whiche, he declared with ſuch great wiſedome and grauitie, the actes which had bin done in Fraunce, the eſtate of the time preſent, and what was neceſſarie to be prouided for the time to come (if they woulde looke to haue that iewell and high kingdome, for the whych they hadde ſo long laboured and fought) that the communaltie gladly granted a fifteene, and y^e Clergie beneuolē [...]y offred a double diſme, and bycauſe no delay ſhoulde bee in the Kings affaires for lacke of paiment, the B. of Wincheſter the kings vncle leant vnto him twentie M. pound, to be receiued of y^e ſame diſmes. Whē al things neceſſary for this iourney were ready and prepared, he ſent his brother the D. of Bedforde before him to Calais, with al his army, being as ſome write, four M. men of armes, and twentie M. archers and others,King Henry [...]eth into [...]ance a [...]ine. [...]e tooke Sea [...] Douer the [...]e of [...]es, as Titus [...] hathe [...]d ſo haue [...]e chronicles F[...]nders. (though ſome haue written, that the whole armie paſſed not twelue M. of one and other.) The K. himſelfe ſhortly after, about y^e middle of May, paſſed the Seas to Calais, & ſo frō thēce, he marched through y^e Countrey vnto Boyes, de Vincennes, where y^e french K. and the Quene as then ſoiourned. The D. of Burgoigne alſo that had receiued him at Monſtruell, attended him to Dowaſt in Ponthiew, & there hauing taken leaue of him for ſixe days, returned now again to him, according to his promiſe. Then did they cōſult togither, about their affaires, & appointed in al haſt to fighte with the Dolphin, & to reiſe the ſiege of Chartres whiche he had there plāted. Herevpon, the K. of Englād with al his puiſſance, came to y^e town of Maūt, & thither repaired the D. of Burgoigne, but ere they departed from thence, they had knowledge, that the Dolphin hearing of the puiſſant army of the K. of England, approching towards him, was reculed with his people towardes Touers in Towraine, wherefore the K. of England incontinently, did not onely ſend backe the Duke of Burgoigne into Picardie, to reſiſt y^e attempts of ſir Iaques de Harecourt, which made war in that countrey for the Dolphin, but alſo appoynted the K. of Scottes, with the D. of Glouceſter,The King of Scots ſerueth King Henry. Dreux beſieged, and rendred to the engliſhemen. to beſiege the towne of Dreux. They comming thither about the .18. of Iuly, planted ſiege on euery ſide, both of towne & Caſtell, & what with power of baterie, and other forcible meanes, ſo cōſtreined thē within, y^e on the .8. day of Auguſt, they cōpounded, that if no ſufficient reſcue came to reiſe the ſiege, before the end of twelue dayes next enſuing, both the towne and Caſtell ſhould be deliuered to the K. of Englands vſe, ſo as the ſouldiers might depart with their goods whither they would, except one Engliſhmā, which was knowen to be amōgſt thē, being fledde for treaſon out of the kings dominions. On the twētith day of Auguſt, which was the day of the apointment, y^e K. of Scottes receiued the towne & Caſtell, to the behoofe of his ſoueraigne L. the kyng of England, who during al the time of the ſiege, lay at Moraumall. The Towneſmen y^t would remaine ſtill in their houſes, were ſworne to bee true ſubiectes to the K. and the other whyche refuſed, departed with the ſouldiers. The Engliſhman y^t was excepted, was deliuered, according to the couenantes, and after executed, as hee had deſerued. The Earle of Worceſter was made Captaine of Dreux, and ſir Henrye Mortimer Bailife there. This done, the K. hearing that the Dolphin ſhould be at Baugencie aſſembling his power, haſted thitherwards, but at his comming into thoſe parties, he founde no appearance of enimies in y^e field, & ſo he remained there a fifteene dayes, in which meane while, the Erle of Suffolke was ſent forth, to diſcouer the Countrey, & the K. wan by aſſault the towne of Baugencie, & after when vittailes began to faile, hee marched forward, meaning to purſue the Dolphin,King Henry purſueth the Dolphin. but y^e Dolphin doubting the Engliſh puiſſance, conueyed al y^e vittailes forth of thoſe quarters, & retired himſelfe to Bourges in Berrie, choſing that place as his ſureſt refuge, and therefore determined there to remaine, till Fortune turning hir wheele, ſhould looke on them with a more fauorable countenance: heereof in ſcorne was he cō monly called K. of Berrie.The Dolphin, why called K. of Berry. The K. of England followed, till vittailes and forrage began ſore to faile on al ſides, & then returning, paſſed towards Orleans, taking the Caſtel of Rouge Mont by aſſault: he ſtayed three dayes before Orleans, & from thence for want of vittailes, marched thorough Gaſtinois, til he came to Vigny-ſur Yō ne, where he remained for a ſeaſon, to refreſh his people that were fore trauelled, in that painefull paſſed iourney,Titus Liuius. in which y^e K. loſt not only many of his menne for lacke of vittailes, but alſo a great nūber of horſes and carriages. Some haue written▪ that about y^e ſame time, he ſhould win the Citie of Sens, otherwiſe called y^e kings new towne by ſurrender,Les hiſtories des duez de Normandie. but after hee had remained for a time at Vignie, wee finde that he remoued to Paris, where he was honorably receiued.

Shortly after, he conſidering with himſelfe y^t the towne of Meaux in Brie beeing repleniſhed with enimies, was not to be ſuffered to remayne in that ſtate, in the middes of his new gottē ſubiects, determined to take away the open ſcruple y^t might poiſon and infect the members, dwelling hard by: wherfore with a great number of Erles and Barons in his company, he came to beſiege it. This towne was no leſſe well vittelled than manned, and no better manned than fortified, ſo that the King could neither haue it to him delyuered at his pleaſure, nor gaine it by aſſaulte, without y^e great loſſe of his people, yet neuertheleſſe, he determined not to depart, til he had gote it by one meane or other. The riuer of Marne deuided this towne into two parts, ſo that there was no entrie from the one into the other, but by a bridge, reiſed vp, & made ouer y^e riuer, ſuſteined with many arches. The one parte is called the city, and the other Le marche, being the ſtrongeſt & beſt fortified. The K. firſt lodged a mile off, in a Caſtel,The ſtrong towne of Meaux beſieged by the Engliſhmen. and ſente the D. of Exeter to begin the ſiege, which he did, according to his inſtructions, vpon the ſixth of October. Shortly after, the K. himſelf came, & lodged in the Abbey of Pharon, the D. of Exeter in the Abbey de Chage, the erle of March at the grey F[...]iers, & the Erle of Warwike directly againſte that parte that is called la Marche. They within defended themſelues right valiantly, ſo that the Engliſhmen were not al at their caſe, but ſpecially through lacke of vittailes many dyed, & many fel ſicke, by reaſon whereof, no ſmall nūber returned home into Englande, where in y^e meane time,A Parliament called by the Duke of Bedforde, the king beeing in France. on the firſte of Decēber, a Parliamente was called and holden at Weſt. by the D. of Bedford, gouernor of the Realm in the kings abſence. In this Parliament, a fiftēth was granted to the K. towards the maintenāce of the warres, the one moitie to be paid at Cādlemas, and the other at Martiumas, of ſuch money, as at the time of the grante was currante.

Windſore. The birth of King Henry the ſixte.This yeare at Windſor, on the day of Sainct Nicholas in December, the Queene was delyuered of a ſon named Henry, whoſe Godfathers were Iohn Duke of Bedford, and Henry B. of Wincheſter, and Iaquete, or as the Frenchmen called hir, Iaqueline of Bauiere, Coūtes of Holland was his Godmother. The K. beeing certified hereof, as he lay at ſiege before Meaux, gaue God thankes, in that it hadde pleaſed his [...] prouidence to ſende him a ſon, which might ſucceede in his Crowne & ſcepter. But whē he heard reported the place of his natiuitie, were it that hee fantaſied ſome olde blind prophecie, o[...] hadde ſome foreknowledge, or elſe iudged of his ſonnes fortune, he ſaide to the Lord Fitz Hugh his truſtie Chamberlaine theſe wordes,King Henry prophecieth of his ſonne My [...] Henrie borne at Monmouth, ſhall ſma[...] [...] reigne, and much get, & Henrie borne at [...] ſore, ſhall long reigne, and all leeſe, but [...] will, ſo be it. The King held his Chriſt[...] the ſiege before Meaux, for he would not giue ouer that ſiege, although his army was greately diminiſhed, by reaſon of lacke of vittailes, extreame colde, foule weather, and other diſcommodities, that bredde great ſtore of diſeaſes and ſicknes among his people: notwithſtanding,Tit. Liuius. all the helps and meanes that might bee, he deuiſed to remedie the ſame, ſo that beſide ſuch as dyed, as well of ſickneſſe as by the enimies hand, many returned home into their Countreys.1422 But yet he ceaſſed not to continue the ſiege, beatyng the walles with hys ordinaunce, and caſting downe bulwarkes and rampiers on eache ſyde the Towne, made approches as well by water as land, with mightie engines deuiſed of bourds to defende the Engliſhmen, as they approched the walles, and gaue aſſaultes. The walles alſo were in diuers places vndermined. After this, the Engliſhmen found meanes, by bridges made of boates, to paſſe the riuer, but yet the Souldiers and other within, defended their rampiers, and breaches moſt ſtoutely, and with gunnes and quarrels ſtill ſhot at the Engliſhmen, of whome they ſlew many, and among other, the Earle of Worceſter was ſlaine, with a bullet of the great Artillerie, and the Lord Clifford, with a quarrel of a Croſſebowe, but yet the Engliſhmen ſtill wanne ground, and got neerer and neerer to the walles. They alſo wonne the chiefeſt part of a bridge from the enimies, and kepte watche and ward vppon and about the ſame. The Earle of Warwike had alſo taken a Vaumure from thē of the market place, built on the South ſyde thereof, able to receiue and lodge a good number of men, whiche ſeruing to good purpoſe, for the better brideling of them within, he cauſed to bee kept, and thus were they within Meaux ſore oppreſſed on euery ſide, ſo that in February, y^e Captaines doubting leaſt the Citie could not be defended long, cauſed all the vittailes and goods to be conueyed into the market place, and retired all the men of warre into the ſame, leauing none in the other part of the Citie, but the commons, and ſuch as were not able to do any auailable ſeruice in warre. The King aduertiſed hereof, commā ded in all haſt to aſſaulte the Citie, whiche was quickly done,M[...] I taken by aſſault. ſo that the Citie by fine force, was within three houres taken and ſpoyled, and the ſame day, was the market place beſieged round about, and a Mille wonne, adidyning to the ſame.

An. reg. 10. Queene [...]a [...]e faileth into Fraunce.In April, the Queene paſſed ouer into Frāce, with a faire retinue of men, vnder the conduit of the Duke of Bedforde, the Duke of Glouceſter remayning Lorde gouernour of the Realme in his place.

At hir comming thither, ſhe was ſo welcommed, and honorably receiued, firſt of hir huſbād, and after of hir father and mother, that ſhee appeared to be no leſſe loued of hir noble huſbande, than of hir deere and naturall parents.

Whileſt the ſiege ſtill continued before Meaux,Oliuer Māny Oliuer Manny, a valiant man of warre of the Dolphins part, (which before was Captaine of Faleife, and yeelding it, ſware neuer to beare armour againſte the King of England) aſſembled a great number of menne of warre, as well Britaines as Frenchmen, that is to ſay, the lord Montborchier, the Lord of Coynon, the Lorde of Cha[...]giron, the Lord Ti[...]gnace, the Lord de la Howſſay, and diuers other, whiche entred into the Countrey of Conſtantine in Normandie, and robbed and killed the Engliſhmenne, where they mighte either eſpie or take them at their aduantage, but the Earle of Suffolke, keeper of thoſe marches, hearing of their doings, ſent for the Lord Scales, ſir Iohn Aſton Bailife of Conſtantine, Sir William Hall, Sir Iohn Banaſter, and many other, out of the garriſons within that territorie, the which encountred with their enimies, at a place called le Barke leueſque, in Engliſh, the Biſhops Parke.A ſore conflict There was a ſore fight and a long betwixte them, but finally, the Frenchmen were put to flight ſo that in the conflict and chace were ſlaine, the Lorde of Coynon, the Lord of Caſtellgiron, and three hundred other: and there wer taken priſoners, the Lord de la Howſay, and Sir Oliuer Manny, with threeſcore others. The King pardoned ſir Oliuer Manny his life, though he ill deſerued ſo great a benefite, for that he had broken his othe and promiſe, but he was ſent into Englād, there to learne to ſpeake Engliſh, and ſo beeing brought to London, ſhortly after dyed, being as then a very aged man, and was buried in the white Friers.

The King lying ſtill before the market place at Meaux in Brie (as ye haue hearde) ſore beate the walles with his ordinance, and caſt downe Bulwarkes and tampiers on euerye ſide the Towne, ſo that he hadde made an open breache for his people to enter, wherof the Lord of Offemont beeyng aduertiſed, with a companye of choſen perſons ſente by the Dolphin, aſſayed in the night ſeaſon to enter the Towne, to the ſuccours of them within: but though diuers of hys people got ouer y^e walles, by help of ladders whiche they had ſet vp, yet ſuch was his chance, that as be paſſed a plāke, to haue come to the walles, he fell into a deepe ditche, and in the meane time, the Engliſhmen perceyuing by the noyſe what the matter meant, came running to the ditche, tooke the Lorde of Offemont, and ſlewe dyuers of his company that ſtoode in defence.

The Captaines within,Continuation des Chroniques de Flandres. perceyuing in what caſe they ſtoode, by reaſon their ſuccours were thus intercepted, and doubting to be taken by aſſault, for that they wanted monition and weapon, began to treate with the King of England, who appointed the Earle of Warwike, and the Lord Hungerford, to commune with them, and in concluſion, an accord was taken, and ſo the Towne and market place, with al the goods, were deliuered into the Kyng of Englandes handes, the tenth daye of May, in the yeare 1422.

The appoyntmente taken with them of thys towne was this, Tit. Liuius. The conditiōs of the ſurrender of Meaux into the kings handes. that they ſhould yeeld thēſelues ſimply to the kings pleaſure, their liues only ſaued: and here vpon, many of thē were ſente ouer into England, amongſt whome, was the B. of y^e towne, which ſhortly after his ariuall heere, fel ſicke and dyed. There were alſo foure perſons excepted, agaynſt whome, the Kyng myghte by order of lawe and iuſtice, proceede as hee ſawe cauſe, for theyr faultes and treſpaſſes committed. As firſte, the Capitaine of the towne, named the baſterde of Vaureu, the whiche hadde done many greeuous oppreſſions to the people of the Countrey thereaboutes, in ſpoylyng them of their goodes, and ranſoming them at his pleaſure. He had alſo put diuers to death moſt cruelly, when they were not able to pay ſuch finance and raunſomes as he demaunded: wherevppon, being now put to deathe himſelfe, his body was hanged vppon a tree that ſtoode on an hill without the towne, on the which, hee had cauſed both huſbandmen, and towneſmen, and other priſoners, to be hanged before time.

His ſtādert alſo which was wont to be borne before him in battell, was ſet vp in the ſame tree.

The Bailife alſo of the towne, and two of the chiefeſt burgeſſes that had bin of counſell with him in his vnlawful doyngs, were lykewiſe executed.

Alſo beſyde theſe, there were founde in thys towne diuers that were accuſed to be giltie of the Duke of Burgoigne his deathe, wherefore they were putte to theyr triall, in the Parliamente at Paris, and ſome of them beeing founde giltie, were executed.

When the deliuerie of the ſtrong towne of Meaux was publiſhed through the Countrey, all the Townes and fortreſſes in the Iſle of Fraunce, in Lannoys, in Brie and in Champai[...]ne, yeelded themſelues to the King of England, which appointed in the ſame valiant Captaines, and hardie ſouldiers.

After that hee had thus got poſſeſſion of Meaux, and the other fortreſſes, he returned agayne to Boys de Vincennes, and beeing there receiued of the King and Queene of Fraunce, and of the Queene his wife the thirtith day of May, being Whitſon euen, they remoued altogither vnto Paris, where the King of England lodged in the Caſtell of Loure, and the Frenche King in the houſe of Saint Paule.

Theſe two kings kept great eſtate with their Queenes,The royall port of the K. of Englande. at this high feaſt of Pentecoſt, but the King of Englandes Court greatly exceeded, ſo that al the reſort was thither. The Pariſiēs that beheld his princely port and high magnificence, iudged him rather an Emperour than a Kyng, and their owne King to be in reſpect to him like a Duke or a Marques. The Dolphin hauyng knowledge by eſpials where the King of England and his power lay, came with all his puiſſance ouer the riuer of Loyre, and beſieged Coſney,Coſney beſieged by the Dolphyn. a towne ſcituate vpon that riuer, a ſixe ſcore miles diſtant from Paris, and appointed parte of his army to waſt and deſtroy the confynes of the Duchie of Burgoigne, to the intēt to deuide the power of the Kyng of Englande, from the ſtrength of the Duke of Burgoigne, ſuppoſing as it came to paſſe indeede, that the Duke would make haſt towardes Burgoigne, to defende hys owne lands. In the meane time, they within Coſney were ſo hard handled, that they promiſed to render their towne to the Dolphin, if they were not reſcued by the King of Englād within tenne dayes. King Hēry hearing theſe newes, woulde not ſend any one creature, but determined to goe himſelfe, to the reyſing of that ſiege, and ſo with all deligence came to the Towne of Corbeil, and ſo to Senlis, where,The king falleth ſicke. (whithout were with heate of the ayre, or that he wiſh hys daily labour were [...]obled or weakened) he began to ware ſicke, yea and ſo ſicke, that hee was conſtreyned to tarrie, & ſend his brother the Duke of Bedford to reſcue them of Coſney, which he did,Coſney reſcued by the duke of Bedford. to his high honor, for the Dolphin hearing that the Duke of Bedford was comming to reiſe his ſiege, departed thence into Berrie, to his greate diſhonor, and leſſe gaine.

Aboute the ſame time, the Duke of Britaine ſent his Chancellor y^e Biſhop of Mauntes, Titus L[...]. The Duke of Britayne ſeadeth ambaſſadors to the K. of England. with the Biſhop of Vannes, and others of his counſell, as Ambaſſadors from him vnto K. Henrye, with full commiſſion, to ratifie and allowe for him and his people the peace cōcluded at Troyes: but by reaſon of the Kings greeuous ſicknes, nothing as then was done in that matter.

Neuertheleſſe, the Duke himſelfe in perſon came afterwardes to Amiens, and there performed that which he had appoynted his Ambaſſadors at this time in his name to haue done, and accompliſhed.

In the meane ſeaſon,The king of Englande is brought ſick[...] to Boys de Vincennes. King Henrye waxed ſicker, and ſicker, and ſo in an horſelitter was cō ueyed to Boys de Vincennes, to whome ſhortly after repared the Dukes of Bedforde & Glouceſter, and the Earles of Saliſburie and Warwike, whome the King louingly welcomed, and ſhewed himſelfe right glad of their preſence: and when he ſaw thē penſiue for his ſickneſſe & great danger of life wherin he preſently laye,His aduice vpon his death bedde. he with many graue, curteous, & pithie words, recomforted them the beſt he could, and therwith exhorted them to be truſtie and faithfull vnto his ſon, and to ſee that he might be wel and vertuouſly brought vp, and as cōcerning the rule and gouernāce of his realmes, during the minoritie & yong yeares of his ſaid ſonne, he willed them to ioyne together in frendly loue and concorde, keping continuall peace and amitie with the duke of Burgoigne, and neuer to make treatie with Charles that calleth himſelfe Dolphyn of Vyenne, by the whyche any part eyther of the crown of France, or of the Duchies of Normandie and Guyenne may be leſſened, or dimyniſhed, and further, that the Duke of Orleauns, and the other Princes ſhoulde ſtyll remayne Priſoners, tyll hys ſonne came to lawfull age, leaſt retournyng home againe, they myght kindle more fyre in one day, than myght be quenched in three. He further aduiſeth thē, that if they thought it neceſſarye, that it ſhoulde be good to haue his brother Humfrey duke of Gloceſter to be protector of Englande, during the nonage of his ſonne, and his brother the duke of Bedford, with the helpe of the duke of Burgongne to rule and to be regent of France, commaunding him with fire and ſword to perſecute the Dolphyn, til he had either brought him to reaſon and obeyſance, or elſe to driue and expell hym out of the realme of Fraunce. And herewith he proteſted vnto them,Titus Liuius. that neyther the ambitious deſyre to enlarge his dominions, neyther to purchaſe vayne renowne and worldlye fame, nor any other conſideration hadde moued him to take the warres in hande, but onely that in proſecuting his iuſt title, he might in the end atteyn to a perfect peace, and come to enioy thoſe peeces of his inheritance, whiche to him of right belonged, and that before the beginning of the ſame warres, he was fully perſwaded by menne bothe wyſe and of greate holyneſſe of lyfe, that vppon ſuche intent, he myghte and ought bothe beginne the ſame warres, and follow them til he had brought them to an end iuſtly and rightly, and that without all daunger of Gods diſpleaſure or perill of ſoule.

The noble men preſent, promiſed to obſerue his preceptes, and to perfourme his deſires, but their hearts were ſo penſife, and repleniſhed with ſorow, that one could not for weping, behold an other. Then he ſayd the .vij. pſalmes, and receyued the ſacrament, and in ſaying the Pſalmes of the Paſſion, [...]e departed [...] life. ended his dayes here in this world, the laſt of Auguſt, in the yere a thouſand, foure hundred twentie and two.

The c[...]mend[...] of kyng Henry the fifte, [...] expreſſed by [...]er Hall.This Henry was a king, whoſe lyfe was immaculate, and his liuing without ſpotte. Thys king was a Prince whome all men loued, and of none diſdayned. This Prince was a captain againſt whome fortune neuer frowned, nor miſchance once ſpurned. This captain was a ſhepheard, whom his flocke both loued and obeyed.

This ſhephearde was ſuche a Iuſticiarie, that lefte no offence vnpuniſhed, nor frendſhip vnrewarded. Thys Iuſticiarie was ſo feared, that all rebellion was baniſhed, and ſedition ſuppreſſed. Hys vertues were no more notable, than his qualities were worthie of praiſe: for in ſtrengthe and nimbleneſſe of bodie from his youthe, fewe were to hym comparable, for in wraſtling leaping, and running, no mā almoſt durſt with him preſume, in caſting of great iron barres and heauie ſtones he excelled commonly all menne. No colde made him ſlouthfull, nor heat cauſed him to ſhrinke, and when he moſte laboured, his head was vncouered. He was no more weary of harneſſe, than of a lyght cloake. Hunger and thirſte were not to him noyſome. He was neuer afearde of a wounde, nor ſorrowed for the pain: He neyther tourned his noſe from euill fauour, nor from ſmoake or dull, hee woulde not cloſe his eyes. No man coulde be founde more temperate in eatyng and drynkyng, whoſe dyed was not to delicate, but rather more meete for menne of warte, than for dayntie and de[...]e perſons. Euery honeſt perſon was permitted to come to him, ſitting at his meale, and eyther ſecretely or openly to declare his mynde and intente. Highe and weyghtie cauſed as well betwene men of wee & other, he wold gladly he[...], and either determined them himſelf, or cōma[...]d them to other to giue ſentence▪ he ſlept very little, and that onely by reaſon of bodily labor and vnquietneſſe of minde, from the which, no ſmall noiſe coulde awake him, in ſo muche that when his ſouldiors either ſong in the nightes, or theyr mynſtrels played, that the campe ſounded therwith, he then ſlept moſt ſoundly: his corage was inuincible, and his heart ſo vnmutable, that fear was baniſhed from him. If any alarum chaunced to be raiſed by his enimies, he was firſt in armure, and the firſt that was ſet forward. In the time of warre he found meanes to get knowlege not only what his enimies didde, but what they ſaid, and intended, ſo that al things to him were knowne, and of his deuices fewe perſons before the thing was at the poynt to be done, ſhould be made priuie. He had ſuch knowledge in ordring and guiding an armie, and ſuch a gift to encourage his people, that the Frenchmē ſayd he could not be vanquiſhed in battayle. He had ſuch wit, ſuche prudence, and ſuche policie, that he neuer enterpriſed anye thyng, before he had fully debated it, and foreſeene all the mayne chaunces that mighte happen, and when the ende was once concluded, hee wyth all diligence and courage, ſette hys purpoſe forewarde. What pollicie he hadde in fyndyng ſodayne remedies, for preſente myſchieues, and what practiſe hee vſed in ſauyng him ſelfe and his people in ſodayne diſtreſſes, excepte by hys actes they dyd playnely appeare, I thinke it were a thyng almoſt incredible to be tolde. Meruayle it is to heare, howe he didde continually abſteyne hymſelfe from laſciuious lyuing and blynde auarice, in ſuche eſtate of wealth, richeſſe, and prouoking youth: yea in the tyme of loſſe he was no more ſadde, than in the time of victorie, whiche conſtancie fewe menne can vſe.

What ſhoulde I ſpeak of his boimtyfulneſſe and liberalitie? No mā could be more free, gentle, and liberall, in beſtowyng rewardes to all perſons, according to their deſer[...]s ſaying that he neuer deſyred money to kepe, but to giue and ſpend. What ſhuld I ſay, he was the blaſing comete and apparant lanterne in his days. He was the myrroure of Chriſtendome, and the glorye of his countrey, the floure of kings paſſed, and the glaſſe of them that ſhoulde ſucceede. No prince had leſſe of his ſubiectes, & no kyng conquered more, whoſe fame by hys deathe liuely floriſhed, as his acts in his life were ſeene and remembred. The loſſe of ſuch a prince (ye may be ſure) was exceedingly lamented of his ſubiects, blaming fortune, whiche had taken away ſo precious a Iewell, ſo noble ornament, and ſure defēce: for no doubt as much hope as was taken away from the engliſhmē for the getting of Fraunce, by his ſodain deathe, ſo much truſt was encreaſſed in the ſtomackes of the Frenche nation, to recouer their late loſſes. Peter Baſſet eſquier, whiche at the time of his death was his chāberlain affirmeth, that he died of a pleureſie, though other writers alledge otherwiſe: as the Scots, whiche write that hee died of the diſeaſe of ſaint Fiacre, which is a palſey and a crampe: Enguerant ſaith, that he died of ſaint Anthonies fier: but bycauſe a pleureſie was ſo rare a ſickneſſe in that ſeaſon, and ſo ſtrange a diſeaſe, that the name was to the moſt parte of men vnknowen, and phiſitions were acquainted as little with any remedy for the ſame, and therfore euery man iudged as he thought, and named a ſickneſſe that bee knewe, ſhooting not nere the prick nor vnderſtandyng the nature of the diſeaſe. This king reigned .ix. yeres .v. moneths and .xxiij. daies, and liued not full .38. yeares.He vvas of an indifferent ſt[...] ture n[...]er to high n[...] [...]o lovv of bodye ſlender and leane, but of a maruelou[...]e ſtrength, as Titus [...]uins vvriteth. He was of ſtature higher than the common ſort, of body leane, well mēbred & ſtrongly made, of face beautiful, ſomwhat long necked, blacke heared ſtoute of ſtomacke, eloquent of tong, in martiall affaires a perfect maiſter, & of chiualry the very paragone. His body was embalmed and cloſed in lead, & layd in a chariot royall, richly apparelled with cloth of gold, vpon his corps was laid a repreſentation of his perſon, adorned with robes, diademe, ſcepter, & ball, lyke a king, the whiche chariot .vi. horſes drewe richly trapped, with ſeuerall armes, the firſt with the armes of ſaint George, the ſecond with the armes of Normandy, the thirde with the armes of king Arthur, the fourth with the armes of ſaint Edwarde, the fifte with the armes of Fraunce, and the ſixte with the armes of Englande and Frāce. On this chariot gaue attendaunce Iames king of Scots, the principall mourner, his vncle Thomas duke of Exceter, Richarde earle of Warwicke, the erle of Marche Edmund, the earle of Stafforde Hū frey, the earle of Mortaigne Edmunde Beaufort, the lord Fitz Hughe Henry, the lorde Hū gerford Walter ſir Lewes Robſert L. Bourchier, ſir Iohn Cornwall lord Fanhope, and the lord Crumwell were the other mourners. The lord Louell, the lord Audeley, the lord Morley, the lord Sowche bare the baner of ſaints, [...] the baron of Dudley barethe ſtander[...], and the earle of Longuile bare the ban[...]. The ba[...] mentes were borne onely by Captaines to the number of .xij. and roūd about the chariot ro[...]e v.C. mē of armes all in black armour and their horſes barded blacke with the but ends of their ſpeares vpwards. The conduit of this dolorous funeralles was cōmitted to ſir William Phillip, Threaſourer of the kings houſhold, and to ſir Wiliam Porter, his chief caruer, and other. Beſide this, on euery ſide of the chariot wente iij.C. perſons, holding long torches, and lords bearing baners, baneroles, and penons. With this funerall pompe he was conueied frō Bais de Vincēnes, to Paris, and ſo to Roan to Abuile, to Calais, to Douer, and ſo through Londō to Weſtminſter, where he was buried with ſuche ſolemne ceremonies, ſuche mourning of lordes, ſuch prayer of prieſtes, ſuch lamenting of cōmons, as neuer was before thoſe days ſene in the Realme of England. Shortly after this ſolempne buriall, his ſorowfull Queene returned into England, and kepte hir eſtate with the king hir yong ſon. Thus ended this puiſſaunte Prince hys moſte noble and fortunate, raigne, whoſe life (ſaith Hall) althoughe cruell Atropos abbreuiated, yet neyther fyre, ruſt nor fretting time ſhall amongſt vs engliſhmen, eyther appall his honor, or blot out his glory, whiche in ſo few yeares, and ſhorte dayes, atchieued ſo high aduētures. Of lerned men & writers, theſe I finde remembred by Baleand others, to haue liued in the dais of this noble and valiant king Henry the fift. Fyrſt Alain de Linne, borne in Lynne, and profeſſed a Carmelite Frier in that town, and at length became Prior of that conuent, but proceeded doctor of diuinity in the Vniuerſitie of Cambridge, and wrote manye treatiſes: Thomas Otterborne that wrote an hiſtorie of Englande, is thought to liue aboute this ſeaſon, he was a Franciſcan or grey Frier, as they called them, and a greate ſtudent bothe in diuinitie and philoſophy: Iohn Seguarde and excellent Poet, and a Rhetoritian, he kepte a ſchoole, and read to his ſchollers in Norwich, as is ſuppoſed, writing ſundry treatiſes, reprouing aſwell the profaning of the Chriſtian religion in Monkes and Prieſtes, as the abuſe of poetrie in thoſe that tooke vppon them to write filthye Verſes, and rithmes: Roberte Roſe a Frier of the Carmelites order in Norwiche commonly called the white Friers, both an excellent Philoſopher, and a diuine, hee proceeded Doctor at Oxforde, he was promoted to bee Priour of his houſe, and wryting diuers treatiſes: amongeſt all the Sophiſtes of his tyme (as ſayeth Bale,) he offended none of the Wicleuiſts, which in that ſeaſon ſet foorth purely the worde of God, as maye appeare by hys workes: Iohn Lucke, a Doctor of diuinitie in Oxford, a ſore enimie to the Wicleuiſts: Rich. Caiſter borne in Norffolke, Vicar of S. Stephens in Norwiche, a man of greate holyneſſe and puritie in lyfe, fauoring though ſecretly, the doctrine of Wicliffe, and reprouing in his Sermons, the vnchaſte manners and filthie example that appeared in the Clergie: Of Sir Iohn Oldcaſtell Lord Cobham ye haue heard before: William Walleys a blacke Frier in Lyn, and prouinciall of his order here in England: Rich. Snetiſham, a ſtudent in Oxford, where he profited ſo greatly in lerning and wiſedome, that he was accōpted for the chiefeſt in all that vniuerſitie, in reſpect wherof he was made chancellor of the ſaint, he was choſen alſo to be one of the xij. to examine and iudge vpon Wiclifes doctrine by the Archbi. of Canterbury: Iohn Langdene a monk of Chriſts church in Canterbury, another of the .xij. that were choſen to iudge of Wiclifes opinions: William Taylor a prieſt, and a maiſter of arte in Oxford, a ſtedfaſt follower of Wiclefes doctrine, and was brente for the ſame in Smithfield at London, the ſecōd day of March in the yeare of our Lord .1422. and laſt of Kyng Henry the fifths reigne: Richard Graſdale ſtudied in Oxforde, and was one of thoſe .xij. that were appointed to iudge of Wiclefs doctrine.

William Lyndwood a lawyer excellently learned, as well in the Ciuill as Canon lawes, hee was aduaunced to the ſeruice of this king Henry the fifth, and made by hym keeper of the priuye Seal, was ſent in ambaſſade bothe to the kyng of Spayne and of Portingale, aboute buſineſſe of moſt weightie importance. It is ſaid that he was promoted to the Biſhopryke of S. Dauid: Bartholomew Florarius, ſuppoſed (as Bale ſaieth) by Nicholas Brigham, to be an engliſhmā, wrote a treatiſe called Florarium, wherof he took his ſurname, and alſo an other treatiſe of abſtinence, in whiche he reproueth certaine corrupte maners in the clergie, and the profeſſion of Friers mendicants: Adā Hemmelington, a Carmelite Frier, ſtudied both in Oxford and in Paris: William Batecon be is placed by Bale, about the tyme of other learned men, which liued in king Henry the fifthes tyme, but in what ſeaſon he liued, he ſaith he knoweth not: he was an excellent Mathematician, as by the title of hys workes which he wrote it ſhoulde appeare. Titus Liuius de Foro Luviſijs lyued alſo in theſe dayes, and wrote the lyfe of this Henry the fifth, an Italian borne: but ſith he was bothe refiant here, and wrote the lyfe of this Kyng, I haue thought good to place him among other of oure Engliſhe writers. One there was that tranſlated the ſayd hiſtorie into Engliſhe, adding as it were by waye of notes in manye places of that booke ſundrye thinges for the more large vnderſtanding of the hiſtorie, a copie wherof I haue ſeene belonging to Iohn Stow citizen of London. There was alſo aboute the ſame tyme an other writer, who (as I remember) hath followed the ſayd Liuius in the order of his booke, as it were chapiter for chapiter, onely chaunging a good, familiar and eaſy ſtile, which the ſaid Liuius vſed, into a certayn Poeticall kinde of writing, a copie wherof I haue ſeene (and in the life of this king partly followed) belonging to maiſter Iohn Twine of Kent, a lerned Antiquarie, and no leſſe furniſhed wyth olde and autentike monumentes than ripe iudgemente and ſkilfull knowledge for the perfect vnderſtanding therof, as by the fruites of his labors, parte wherof (as I am enfourmed) he meaneth to leaue to poſteritie, it will (no doubt,) ryght euidently appere.