144. — Trois ans après. Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. 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Ils sont suivis de <persName key="charlot" type="fictif">Charlot</persName>, de <persName key="marthe" type="fictif">Marthe</persName>, de <persName key="mme_richard" type="fictif">Mme Richard</persName> donnant le bras à <persName key="m_cartier" type="fictif">M. Cartier</persName>, et de <persName key="m_dumay" type="fictif">M. Dumay</persName>, qui tient par la main une petite fille de dixhuit mois, <persName key="marguerite" type="fictif">Marguerite</persName>.</p> <p><persName key="marguerite" type="fictif">Marguerite</persName>, aux joues rondes, aux yeux clairs, rayon-<pb type="page" n="518" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_518.jpg"/> nants d'esprit et de bonté, est la chérie du vieillard, qui l'appelle <persName key="marguerite" type="fictif">Suzette II</persName>.</p> <p>Auprès d'elle, sa mère et <persName key="sylvain" type="fictif">Sylvain</persName> ; puis <persName key="m_valon" type="fictif">M.</persName> et <persName key="mme_valon" type="fictif">Mme Valon</persName> avec leurs enfants, et un grand garçon de bonne mine, le nez en trompette, M. <persName key="françois" type="fictif">François</persName>, maintenant mécanicien distingué.</p> <p>Toute la famille s'est réunie pour ce beau jour de septembre: c'est l'anniversaire du double mariage de <persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName> et de <persName key="jacques" type="fictif">Jacques</persName>, et c'est aussi l'anniversaire de naissance du père.</p> <p>Il a voulu rassembler tous les <orgName>Dumay</orgName>. Et ils sont venus se ranger autour du chef de la famille. Seul <persName key="pascal" type="fictif">Pascal</persName> manque.</p> <p><persName key="pascal" type="fictif">Pascal</persName> accomplit à cette heure le voyage d'exploration que, par un coup de mémoire anticipée, il était venu raconter jadis. Il a suivi l'expédition de <persName type="historique">Brazza</persName> et compte, au printemps prochain, faire une visite à ses vieilles connaissances, les <orgName>Touaregs</orgName>, le , etc.</p> <p>Sa mère donne de ses nouvelles, tout en montant la petite côte au haut de laquelle on va déjeuner sur l'herbe. Le déjeuner est arrivé le premier.</p> <p>C'est <persName key="ludivine" type="fictif">Ludivine</persName> qui, là-haut, garde les plats, les bouteilles, — la pauvre <persName key="ludivine" type="fictif">Ludivine</persName> décrépite*<note type="annotation">Décrépite. Usé, cassé comme un vieillard.</note>, misérable, ruinée par monsieur son fils, et qui vit maintenant des petites commissions qu'on lui donne dans les deux fermes. Avec ses secrets, c'est tout ce qui lui reste. Le père <persName key="benoît" type="fictif">Benoît</persName>, plus heureux qu'elle, est mort.</p> <p>La caravane familiale passe le long des champs. Complaisamment <persName key="m_dumay" type="fictif">M. Dumay</persName> en montre de joyeux, gras et choyés : ceux-ci sont de Fragicourt, ceux-là de BoisMaillard, les perles du pays ! </p> <p>Mais sa petite fille <persName type="fictif" key="marguerite">Marguerite</persName> le ramène à une autre question. Elle veut arriver la première à ces buissons, là-bas.</p> <p>Obéissant, il la met sur son dos.</p> <p>— Et vite, vite, grand-père ! </p> <p>Il presse le pas et si bien qu'il prend la tête. Bientôt, au haut de la colline, les deux silhouettes, la grande et la petite, se dessinent sur le fond clair du ciel. <pb type="page" n="519" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_519.jpg"/> Comme si elle avait conscience du radieux tableau qu'elle offre en ce moment à tous les regards, <persName type="fictif" key="marguerite">Marguerite</persName> pousse un triomphant cri de joie.</p> <p>Son visage, ses beaux et bons yeux d'enfant aimé, sain et charmant, jettent un rayonnement de vie qui pénètre tous les cœurs.</p> <p><persName key="sylvain" type="fictif">Sylvain</persName>, attendri, prend la main de sa femme. Il montre au loin la ferme, nichée dans la verdure.</p> <p>Et <persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName> presse cette main. Elle a compris : </p> <p>C'est ici, en ce même endroit, qu'un jour, le pauvre garçon solitaire, abandonné, avait rèvé le foyer, la famille, la communauté de tendresse, de peines et de joies qui sont le meilleur de cette vie.</p> <p>Et maintenant, il les avait !</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Quels petits personnages précédaient la famille ? </item> <item>— Qui venait derrière dans cette promenade ? </item> <item>— Faites le portrait de <persName key="marguerite" type="fictif">Marguerite</persName>.</item> <item>— Qui se trouvait auprès de la charmante enfant ? </item> <item>— A quelle occasion se réunissaient la famille et les amis ? </item> <item>— Qui manquait seul, et pourquoi ? </item> <item>— Que devait-on faire au sommet de la colline ? </item> <item>— Quel était le rôle de <persName key="ludivine" type="fictif">Ludivine</persName> dans cette réunion, et comment lu retrouvait-on ? </item> <item>— Que montrait <persName key="m_dumay" type="fictif">M. Dumay</persName> à ses hôtes ? </item> <item>— Que lui demanda <persName key="marguerite" type="fictif">Marguerite</persName> ? </item> <item>— Comment apparurent-ils tous deux au sommet de la colline ? </item> <item>— Quel aspect joveux présentait le visage de l'enfant ? </item> <item>— Que fit <persName key="sylvain" type="fictif">Sylvain</persName> ? </item> <item>— Que lui rappelait-ce lieu ? </item> <item> — Qu'avait-il maintenant ? </item> </list> </div> <fw>FIN DE SUZETTE.</fw> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
143. — Salut à la fermière ! 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"schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch143"> <pb type="page" n="512" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_512.jpg"/> <head>143. — Salut à la fermière ! </head> <div type="récit"> <p>Il avait fait une de ces chaudes journées de juillet, belles doreuses d'épis. La nuit tombait. <persName key="m_dumay" type="fictif">M. Dumay</persName> et <persName key="charlot" type="fictif">Charlot</persName>, après le grand labeur d'un premier jour de moisson, somnolaient, accoudés sur la table du souper.</p> <p>Assise dans la cour, à la délicieuse fraicheur du soir, <persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName> révait, les yeux sur la profondeur du firmament.</p> <p>La lune, montant de l'horizon, éclairait de sa blancheur la cour et la campagne endormies.</p> <p>Tout à coup, sur la route une voix s'éleva, une voix claire qui chantait : </p> <lg> <l>« Salut à la fermière ! elle est</l> <l>Si gentille et si douce ! </l> <l>C'est l'oiseau des bois qui se plait </l> <l>Loin du bruit, dans la mousse.</l> <l>Vieux vagabond qui tends la main, </l> <l>Enfant pauvre et sans mère,</l> <l>Puissiez-vous trouver en chemin</l> <l>La ferme et la fermière ! » </l> </lg> <p><persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName> s'était dressée, l'oreille tendue : </p> <p>La voix de <persName key="jacques" type="fictif">Jacques</persName> ? Ce serait la voix de <persName key="jacques" type="fictif">Jacques</persName> ? Mais non ! Il n'arrivait que dans huit jours ; sa dernière lettre le disait.</p> <p>Et aussitôt une autre voix, celle-là un peu tremblante, reprit :</p> <lg> <l>« De l'escabeau vide au foyer,</l> <l>Là, le pauvre s'empare,</l> <l>Et le grand bahut de noyer,</l> <l>Pour lui, n'est pas avare.</l> <l>C'est là qu'un jour je vins m'asseoir,</l> <l>Les pieds blancs de poussière ; </l> <l>Un jour.., puis en marche, et bonsoir</l> <l>La ferme et la fermière ! » </l> <l>(<persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/71475811/" role="aut">HÉGÉSIPPE MOREAU</persName>.)</l> </lg> <p>Un bruit de pas suivit la chanson. <persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName>, tout émue, courut à la porte.</p> <p>Sur la route, sous les arbres, s'apercevaient deux ombres. Elles arrivèrent en pleine clarté de la lune : et c'étaient deux soldats de l'infanterie de marine.</p> <pb type="page" n="513" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_513.jpg"/> <p><persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName> poussa un grand cri : </p> <p>— Père ! les voilà ! les voilà ! </p> <p>Et elle courut se jeter au cou de son frère ; puis elle tendit la main à <persName key="sylvain" type="fictif">Sylvain</persName>.</p> <figure> <caption>Sur la route, sous les arbres, s'apercevaient deux ombres.</caption> </figure> <p>Le père était déjà là avec <persName key="charlot" type="fictif">Charlot</persName> : </p> <p>— Mon fils ! mon <persName key="jacques" type="fictif">Jacques</persName> ! Ah ! que je te presse sur mon cœur... Et vous aussi, <persName key="sylvain" type="fictif">Sylvain</persName> ! mon brave <persName key="sylvain" type="fictif">Sylvain</persName> ! </p> <p>On entra dans la maison ; on haussa la flamme de la lampe. Ah ! qu'ils étaient beaux dans leur vareuse bleue, à boutons d'or ! à galons d'or ! Grandis, barbus, de vrais hommes ; et leur honnête cœur brillait sur leur visage épanoui.</p> <p>Ils avaient mis trois semaines seulement en mer au lieu de quatre ; et voilà la raison de la surprise ! Ils arrivaient de la ville à pied; n'ayant pas voulu attendre le courrier, qui n'en partait qu'à minuit.</p> <fw type="footer"><fw type="sig">29.</fw></fw> <pb type="page" n="514" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_514.jpg"/> <p><persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName> avait déjà placé sur la table tout ce qui restait de vivres. Et tandis que les voyageurs causaient et mangeaient en gens qui viennent de faire quinze cents lieues, on admirait de nouveau leur belle mine et leurs galons, les galons de sergent-major de <persName key="sylvain" type="fictif">Sylvain</persName>, dont on rappela la cause, et les galons de sergent de Jacques.</p> <p>A la fin du repas, <persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName> se plaignit de n'avoir pas de dessert à donner. Alors <persName key="sylvain" type="fictif">Sylvain</persName> alla prendre un paquet qu'il avait, en entrant, posé sur une chaise. Il l'ouvrit :</p> <p>Mademoiselle <persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName>, dit-il, je vous rapporte la petite bourriche que vous me confiâtes au départ. Mais les pommes, les poires, le petit pot de miel n'y sont <figure> <caption>Gingembre. Cette plante est cultivée dans les contrées tropicales de <placeName key="Americas" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q828">l'Amérique</placeName> ; on l'utilise en médecine et en cuisine. En <placeName key="England" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21">Angleterre</placeName> et en <placeName key="Germany" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q183">Allemagne</placeName>, on fait une grande consommation de racines fraiches de gingembre confites au sucre ; on en prépare aussi une sorte de confitures. Avec la poudre de gingembre, on fabrique de la bière et un vin de gingembre.</caption> </figure> plus. Pourtant, il y a du dessert, si vous me permettez de vous l'offrir.</p> <p>Elle prit la bourriche, l'ouvrit. Et là se trouvaient un beau régime*<note type="annotation">Régime. Rameau de bananier avec ses fruits.</note> de bananes, encore suspendu à sa branche, plusieurs bouts de canne à sucre, une noix de coco, d'odorantes gousses de vanille enveloppées de papier d'étain, et deux pots de confitures de cédrat*<note type="annotation">Cédrat. Citron d'une odeur fort agréable.</note>.</p> <p><persName key="jacques" type="fictif">Jacques</persName>, lui aussi, avait un paquet, dont il tira un sac de café vert, un autre de manioc en poudre et de la confiture de gingembre.</p> <p>Les deux Martinicains voulaient qu'on goûtât tout de suite aux confitures ; mais le père et la fille remirent la fête au surlendemain, où l'on inviterait <orgName>les Valon</orgName> et <orgName>les Cartier</orgName>.</p> <p>Car depuis la première visite de M. Cartier on s'était lié avec lui. Il ne lui restait qu'une fille, <persName key="cécile" type="fictif">Cécile</persName>, après la perte de sa femme et de deux garçons. <persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName> et Mlle <persName key="cécile" type="fictif">Cécile</persName>, une bonne personne, avec du naturel, qui est la plus aimable des grâces, s'étaient plu à première vue.</p> <pb type="page" n="515" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_515.jpg"/> <p>Comme on parlait d'elle, une voiture s'arrête à la porte ; et voilà que <persName key="m_cartier" type="fictif">M. Cartier</persName> et sa fille en descendent ; la seconde d'après, <persName key="m_valon">M</persName>. et <persName key="mme_valon" type="fictif">Mme Valon</persName> arrivent de leur côté.</p> <p>Ce furent de nouvelles embrassades, de nouvelles poignées de main.</p> <p>Hé ! s'écria M. <persName key="m_cartier" type="fictif">Cartier</persName> avec bonne humeur, ai-je eu bon nez de passer par ici en revenant du <placeName>Catelet</placeName> !</p> <p>On causa quelques instants et après avoir accepté pour le surlendemain l'invitation à dîner de M. <persName key="m_dumay" type="fictif">Dumay</persName>, M. <persName key="m_cartier" type="fictif">Cartier</persName> emmena <persName key="sylvain" type="fictif">Sylvain</persName>.</p> <p>En s'en retournant, <persName key="mme_valon" type="fictif">Mme Valon</persName> dit à son mari : </p> <p>— Je crois bien que nous irons cette année à la noce.</p> <p>— Et même à une double noce, répondit <persName key="m_valon" type="fictif">M. Valon</persName>.</p> <p>Elle ajouta : </p> <p>Sylvain est un cœur honnête et généreux ; le choix de ma <persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName> ne me fâchera pas.</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Comment avait été la journée ? </item> <item>— Que faisaient <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> et <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName>, accoudés sur la table du souper ? </item> <item>— Où était <persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— Récitez le couplet qu'elle entendit chanter.</item> <item>— Quelle voix reconnut <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> dans celle du chanteur ? </item> <item>— Que chanta ensuite une autre voix ? </item> <item>— Qu'apereut la jeune fille sur la route ? </item> <item>— Racontez la scène touchante du retour.</item> <item>— Où entra-t-on ? </item> <item>— Comment étaient les jeunes soldats ? </item> <item>— Quelle était la raison de leur retour imprèvu ? </item> <item>— Comment se passa le souper des nouveaux arrivants ? </item> <item>— A quelle occasion et en quels termes <persName type="fictif" key="sylvain">Sylvain</persName> offrit-il une bourriche à <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui s'y trouvait ? </item> <item>— Qu'avait apporté <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName> ? </item> <item>— Que voulaient les deux Martinicains ? </item> <item>— Quelle décision prit-on ? </item> <item>— Quelles relations s'étaient établies avec la <orgName>famille Cartier</orgName> ? </item> <item>— Quelles personnes survinrent ? </item> <item>— Racontez les incidents de cette dernière partie de la soirée.</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="complexe"> <head type="sujets">Géographie et Cosmographie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Quel nom donne-t-on à une bande blanchâtre, semée d'étoiles, qui traverse le ciel ? </item> <item>— De quoi est-elle formée ? </item> <item>— Qu'est le soleil ? </item> <item>— Donnez une idée de la vitesse de propagation de la lumière.</item> <item>— Combien la lumière met-elle de temps pour nous parvenir des étoiles les plus rapprochées ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Pendant les belles nuits, on aperçoit dans le ciel, et à peu près dans la direction du nord au sud, une grande trainée lummeuse qui se divise en deux branches principales, sur près de moitié de sa longueur ; c'est la voie lactée. Elle forme comme un cercle dont nous ne verrions que la moitié.</p> <p>La voie lactée est une immense agrégation d'étoiles ; on estime qu'elle n'en contient pas moins de 18 millions dans la partie accessible à nos regards. Le soleil est l'une de ces étoiles, et il paraît comme perdu, dans cette fourmilière de mondes, avec son cortège de pianêtes ; c'est un atome dans la poussière lumineuse de la voie lactée.</p> <p>On sait que la lumière parcourt en une seconde au moins 300,000 kilomêtres, soit environ huit fois la circonférence du globe ; or les dimensions de la voie lactée sont si prodigieuses que, pour franchir l'espace <pb type="page" n="516" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_516.jpg"/> qui sépare ses deux extrémités, un rayon lumineux mettrait plus de dix mille années. Cependant elle-même n'est qu'un point dans l'immensité du ciel, où l'on a déjà reconnu près de 4,500 amas semblablès d'étoiles. Quelques-uns sont si éloignés que leur lumière met deux millions d'années à nous parvenir.</p> <p>La lumière des étoiles emploie un temps considérable à franchir la distance qui les sépare de la terre : ainsi, celle de la plus proche de nous met 3 ans et demi ; il faut 21 ans à celle de l'éclatant Sirius, le plus bel astre du ciel ; à celle de l'étoile polaire, 50 ans ; à celle de la ; Chèvre, 72 ans.</p> <p>L'imagination est confondue en face de tels nombres et de ces espaces prodigieux où l'œil de l'homme n'avance que pour rencontrer d'autres éspaces, et où la pensée se perd anéantie devant la toute-puissance du Créateur.</p> </div> </div> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head type="sujets">Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Que savez-vous des bananes ? — des noix de coco? — des cédrats, du gingembre ? </item> <item>— Où croit le thé ? </item> <item>— Que recherche-t-on dans cet arbrisseau ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Les bananes sont des fruits des pays tropicaux qui croissent par groupes ou régimes sur un arbre appelé bananier. Elles ressemblent à des concombres de 0m,10 à 0m,12 dé longueur ; leur couleur est jaunâtre, leur saveur douce et sucrée : c'est le fond de l'alimentation de la classe laborieuse dans les pays chauds de l'Amérique.</p> <p>On appelle noix de coco le fruit du cocotier. Elle est composée d'une enveloppe filamenteuse, ovale et très dure, qui renferme une amande creuse, blanche et succulente, laquelle contient une liqueur laiteuse, agréable au goût.</p> <p>Le cédrat est un citron d'une odeur fort agréable.</p> <p>Le gingembre est une plante originaire des Indes dont la racine est d'un goût approchant de celui du poivre.</p> <p>Le thé, arbrisseau de la famille des camélias, est originaire de la <placeName><country ref="chine"><placeName key="China" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q29520">Chine</placeName></country></placeName> et du <placeName><country ref="japon"><placeName key="Japan" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17">Japon</placeName></country></placeName> ; il s'élève à une hauteur de 1m,30 à 2 mêtres. On n'en utilise que les feuilles, lesquelles sont récoltées deux fois par an, au printemps et en automne, lorsqu’elles commencent à s'épanouir. Après les avoir fait sécher un peu au soleil, on les expose sur des plaques de fer chauffées, puis on les roule sur des nattes avec la paume de la main. On répête plusieurs fois ces opérations, et lorsque le thé, bien desséché, a été privé du principe âcre qu'il renfermait, on le met dans des caisses doublées de lames de plomb où on le tasse autant que possible, pour l'expédier en <placeName><placeName key="Europe" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q46">Europe</placeName></placeName> et on <placeName><placeName key="Americas" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q828">Amérique</placeName></placeName>. L'usage du thé a été introduit en Occident vers la fin du dix-septième siècle ; on en fait surtout usage en <placeName><country ref="angleterre"><placeName key="England" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21">Angleterre</placeName></country></placeName>, en <placeName><placeName key="Holland" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q102911">Hollande</placeName></placeName> et aux <placeName><placeName key="United States of America" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q30">Etats-Unis</placeName></placeName>.</p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="économie_domestique" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujeco_143"> <head type="sujets">Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Comment prépare-t-on une tasse ou infusion de thé ? </item> <item>— Usages de cette infusion.</item> <item>— Comment sert-on le thé ? </item> <item>— De quoi se compose un dessert ? </item> <item>— Comment sert-on et mange-t-on les gâteaux, les fruits, les confitures ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Il y a lieu de rappeler que les espèces vertes de thé ont plus de force et d'arome que les espéces noires ; mais elles irritent et agitent les nerfs ; leur mélange par moitié n'a pas ces inconvénients.</p> <p>On met dans la théière la quantité de thé nécessaire, laquelle varie selon le goût ou le besoin que l'on a d'une infusion plus ou moins forte (1). On verse dessus de l'eau bouillante, et l'infusion est parfaite <fw type="footer">(1) Il faut environ 8 grammes de thé ou une forte cuillerée à café pour 2 tasses ; pour 4 tasses, 12 grammes ; 30 grammes suffisent pour 12 tasses.</fw> <pb type="page" n="517" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_517.jpg"/> aussitôt que les feuilles sont développées et tombées au fond (de 5 à 10 minutes). On verse alors le thé dans une tasse ; on sucre et l'on additionne quelquefois de lait ou d'une petite quantité de rhum.</p> <p>Le thé, pris après le repas, facilite la digestion des aliments. Presque indispensable aux grands mangeurs, il est très utile aux gens sobres dont les forces digestives ont décliné ; aux personnes replètes, lymphatiques ; aux constitutions rhumatismales ; à ceux qui se nourrissent d'aliments gras, huileux ou farineux ; aux habitants de climats humides ; enfin, aux vieillards. Il agit avec une merveilleuse efficacité dans les fatigues d'estomac, dans la paresse de digestion qui succèdent aux excès de table et aux veilles.</p> <p>Quelquefois le thé sert de demi-repas, de collation, comme pour le premier déjeuner et le second souper. Alors il est accompagné de pâtisseries et de pains au beurre, qu'on pose sur la table en même temps qu'un pot de lait et un flacon de rhum. Il constitue ainsi un aliment réparateur.</p> <p>Un dessert se compose de fromages, de pâtisseries, telles que brioches, babas, gâteaux feuilletés, biscuits de Savoie, biscuits en caisse, nougats, massepains, macarons, meringues ; de compotes diverses, de tranches de pêches au sucre, de prunes, d'oranges, de pommes, de poires, etc., de gelées, de raisins, de conserves, etc.</p> <p>Pour bien servir un dessert, on l'apprête à l'avance en arrangeant sur chacune des assiettes le couvert et le couteau destinés aux convives, et on les dispose en attendant sur une desserte ou une table supplémentaire. On garnit ensuite de grandes assiettes à fruits ayec des feuilles vertes ou de la mousse sur lesquelles on pose les fruits en pyramide, puis on s'occupe des sucreries. Sur le milieu de la table, et au moment voulu, on dispose une pièce plus grande que les autres, telle qu'une pâtisserie, une crème ; aux deux extrémités sont des vases en cristal pour les fruits à l'eau-de-vie et les confitures ; les autres assiettes sont placées dans les intervalles des lumières, des bouteilles et carafons. Une assiette doit toujours avoir son assiette correspondante.</p> <p>On sert dans l'ordre suivant : le fromage, les pâtisseries, les fruits, les compotes, les petits fours et les sucreries.</p> <p>On mange les gâteaux en les portant délicatement à la bouche avec la main droite ; les fruits doivent être pelés et coupés auparavant, excepté, bien entendu, les cerises, les raisins et autres analogues. Quant aux confitures, on les mange à l'aide d'une cuiller à dessert et jamais avec son couteau.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
142. — Un sauvetage. 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"schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch142"> <pb type="page" n="508" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_508.jpg"/> <head>142. — Un sauvetage. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>Encore une fois la terre avait parcouru le long chemin qui la mène du noir hiver au gai printemps. Le soleil avait reparu, le bon et adoucissant soleil. Et devant lui fuyait la grande misère du village. Grâce à une reprise du travail, les salaires se relevaient et les ménagères, entreprises par <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> et <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, commençaient à mettre en commun leurs dépenses et se réjouissaient de voir la maisonnée manger plus et mieux, à moins de frais.</p> <p>Les gazons étaient pleins de fleurs, les arbres de chansons ; l'abeille reprenait ses courses à travers prés et vallons, et <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> voltigeait aussi, ce jour-là, de fleur en fleur, dans son jardin. De roses de mai, de petits œillets blancs, de narcisses, de pervenches elle composait de ces jolis bouquets qu'aimaient tant les belles dames de <placeName>Saint-Quentin</placeName> : c'était demain samedi, et on l'attendait au marché.</p> <p>Elle tournait le fil autour des tiges d'un paquet d'œillets blancs, lorsque son père parut, en compagnie de <persName type="fictif" key="m_cartier">M. Cartier</persName>, le fermier du <placeName>Bois-Maillard</placeName>.</p> <p>— Hé ! <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, voilà <persName type="fictif" key="m_cartier">M. Cartier</persName> qui nous apporte des nouvelles... des nouvelles de la <placeName>Martinique</placeName> ! </p> <p>—De la <placeName>Martinique</placeName>, Monsieur ? </p> <p>— Oui, Mademoiselle, de la <placeName>Martinique</placeName>... d'où pourtant je ne viens pas. Je n'arrive que de <placeName>Cherbourg</placeName>. Et ouvrant un journal qu'il tenait à la main : — Voici un journal, Les Colonies, qui m'est tombé sous les yeux dans une auberge.</p> <p>Lis-moi ça, ma fille, quoique <persName type="fictif" key="m_cartier">M. Cartier</persName> m'en ait déjà touché un mot.</p> <p>Assez timidement, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, qui connaissait très peu <persName type="fictif" key="m_cartier">M. Cartier</persName>, commença cette lecture : </p> <p>« Un événement dramatique vient de jeter l'émoi*<note type="annotation">Émoi. Émotion mêlée d'inquiétude.</note> dans la population de <placeName><placeName key="Fort-de-France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q81621">Fort-de-France</placeName></placeName>.</p> <pb type="page" n="509" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_509.jpg"/> <fw>UN SAUVETAGE. 509</fw> <p>« Jeudi dernier, le jeune <persName type="fictif">Paul Cellier</persName>, fils de <persName type="fictif">M. Cellier</persName>, planteur*<note type="annotation">Planteur. Habitant des colonies qui cultive le sol en grand.</note>, prenait un bain à la marée montante, tout en riant de la peur de sa mère qui l'appelait de la plage.</p> <p>« Les vagues devenaient houleuses*<note type="annotation">Houlouse. Formant de fortes ondulations.</note>. Le petit téméraire, obéissant enfin à un dernier appel d'effroi, se résignait à venir, quand il est brusquement saisi par une lame*<note type="annotation">Lame. Vagne très coute sur la mer.</note> et emporté.</p> <p>« <persName type="fictif">Mme Cellier</persName>, jetant des cris de détresse, se précipite au secours de son fils, parvient à le rejoindre, à le saisir... Une autre lame le lui arrache.</p> <p>« De la plage, quelques personnes qui voient ce spectacle frémissent, hèlent un canot... Sous leurs yeux, la mère est emportée aussi ! Tour à tour, les deux corps apparaissent, disparaissent. On s'écrie : Plus d'espoir ! le sauvetage est impossible ! </p> <p>« Mais un jeune soldat qui passait est accouru. Impétueusement il se jette à l'abime. On le suit des yeux dans sa lutte contre les flots. Il disparaît : lui aussi, il est perdu !.... » </p> <p>Ici Suzette, toute palpitante, courut au dernier alinéa ; puis, avec un soupir de soulagement, reprit : </p> <p>« Après deux secondes qui sont deux siècles, on le revoit. Il avance ; nageur intrépide, il lutte contre la fureur des vagues, se maintient ; le voici qui nage vers la plage... Il aborde. Il les a sauvés tous les deux ! la mère est évanouie, l'enfant presque mourant est cramponné aux vêtements maternels.</p> <p>« Alors ce sont des acclamations, des pleurs de joie. On cherche le sauveur. Il est déjà parti.</p> <p>« Mais le nom d'un brave est bon à apprendre et doux à proclamer. On s'informe à la citadelle. Et ce nom est celui du sergent <persName type="fictif" key="sylvain">Sylvain Manceau</persName>. »</p> <p>Nous savions, dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, les yeux humides, nous savions ici que <persName type="fictif" key="sylvain">Sylvain</persName> a du cœur.</p> <p>— Nous le savions depuis longtemps ! ajouta <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName>.</p> <p>Et <persName type="fictif" key="m_cartier">M. Cartier</persName> conclut : </p> <p>— C'est de vous que je tiens ce brave garçon ! Vous <pb type="page" n="510" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_510.jpg"/> <fw>510 SUZETTE.</fw> ne sauriez croire quel attachement j'ai pour lui et combien je souhaite son retour.</p> <p>Ami <persName type="fictif" key="sylvain">Sylvain</persName>, qu'en ce moment elles durent joyeusement tinter, vos oreilles, là-bas, à quinze cents lieues ! et deux jours après encore, quand arriva une lettre de <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName> répétant la nouvelle de votre beau courage ! </p> <p>L'excellent <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName> était ravi : son frère, comme il l'appelait, allait passer sergent-major. Enfin, pour le complément de la fête, l'heure du retour approchait ! </p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui venait de s'écouler ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui s'était amélioré ? </item> <item>— Que faisaient les ménagères et qu'en résultait-il ? </item> <item>— Dites un mot de l'aspect de la campagne.</item> <item>— Que composait <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> au jardin ? </item> <item>— Quelles personnes vinrent la trouver au jardin ? </item> <item>— Quelles nouvelles apportait <persName type="fictif" key="m_cartier">M. Cartier</persName> ? </item> <item>— Quel accident était survenu sur la plage à <placeName><placeName key="Fort-de-France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q81621">Fort-de-France</placeName></placeName> ? </item> <item>— Que fit la mère de l'enfant ? </item> <item>— Racontez l'acte courageux d'un jeune soldat.</item> <item>— Qui était-il ? </item> <item>— Quelle fut la réfiexion de <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— Qu'ajouta <persName type="fictif" key="m_cartier">M. Cartier</persName> à la réponse de <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">f</persName> ? </item> <item>— Quelle lettre confirma la nouvelle ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="morale"> <head type="sujets">Morale.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— DÉVOUEMENT.</item> <item>— Pourquoi n'est-on pas rigoureusement obligé d'exposer sa vie pour sauver celle d'autrui ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que se dévouer ? </item> <item>— Quelles qualités suppose le dévouement ? </item> <item>— Citez des actes de dévouement dont les auteurs sont des femmes.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Notre bien le plus précieux est la vie ; d'ailleurs, elle ne nous appartient pas tout entière : fils, fille, nous devons en consacrer une part aux auteurs de nos jours : père, mère ; elle est en quelque sorte à notre famille ; donc nous ne sommes pas tenus de nous exposer à la perdre pour sauver celle d'autrui.</p> <p>Mais il est des circonstances où l'homme, en présence du danger qui menace la vie du prochain, s'élance sans calculer au secours de l'individu en péril et brave la mort pour le sauver. Tel est le dévouement ; rien ne montre mieux la grandeur de l'âme que ces mouvements d'une générosité spontanée ; ils honorent la nature humaine.</p> <p>Il existe encore d'autres dévouements qui, pour être moins éclatants, n'en sont pas moins méritoires, parce qu'ils supposent une volonté héroïque dans sa persévérance. Qui ne connaît le dévouement des mères que rien ne rebute ni ne décourage lorsqu'il s'agit de leurs enfants ? — des maîtres et maîtresses qui se consacrent avec joie, avec cœur à la tâche ingrate de l'éducation de la jeunesse ? — des médecins, des sœurs de charité qui s'exposent mille fois à la mort au chevet des malades et souvent avec la certitude d'y contracter les germes d'un mal incurable ? Ils peuvent marcher de pair avec nos braves soldats, les pompiers héroïques, les marins de nos ports, les sauveteurs dont les associations sont si nombreuses dans notre généreuse France.</p> <p>Le dévouement suppose l'oubli de soi-même et cet esprit de sacrifice qui met les satisfactions du devoir au-dessus de toutes les autres.</p> <p>(C'est aux élèves à trouver les actes de dévouement qu'on leur demande de citer ; elles devront les choisir de préférence parmi ceux dont les héroines sont des jeunes filles.)</p> </div> </div> <div type="composition"> <head type="sujets">Composition.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item> — Décrire soit votre jardin, soit celui d'un voisin, <pb type="page" n="511" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_511.jpg"/> <fw>UN SAUVETAGE. 511</fw> dans la saison des fleurs, ou un jardin publie, un square, si vous habitez la ville.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>(Voir <title>COURS DE COMPOSITION FRANÇAISE (Degré élémentaire et moyen) par <persName type="historique">E. LAPORTE</persName>, Partie du maître</title>, page 240, et page 239, Degré supérieur.)</p> </div> </div> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head type="sujets">Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— LES FLEURS.</item> <item>— Quelles sont les fleurs particulières : 1° aux champs ; 2° aux prairies ; 3° aux bois ? Donner quelques détails sur les plus belles.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Rien de charmant comme les fleurs ! Elles sont semées à profusion dans les champs, les prairies et les bois ; elles les parent, les embaument et en font une fête pour les regards.</p> <p>Dans les champs, on aperçoit les coquelicots aux larges pétales d'un rouge éclatant, l'azur des bluets qui tranche sur les teintes blondes des blés, les liserons aux clochettes d'argent qui escaladent les haies, les jaunes pissenlits dont chaque tête est un soleil d'or, etc., etc.</p> <p>Dans les prairies se balancent au souffle du vent les blanches marguerites ; le myosotis brille au bord des ruisseaux, les renoncules étincellent sous les rayons du soleil.</p> <p>A l'ombre des bois croissent les pâles anémones bordées d'un liséré rose, les violettes parfumées, les clochettes délicates du muguet, les grandes digitales pourprées, les ancolies bleues, etc., etc. (Les élèves poursuivront de cette manière ; on pourra leur demander de former des bouquets de ces fleurs qu'ils étiquèteront chacune.)</p> </div> </div> <div type="géographie"> <head type="sujets">Géographie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qu'appelle-t-on marées ? </item> <item>— Causes des marées.</item> <item>— Aspect du rivage au moment du flux ; — du reflux.</item> <item>— Hauteur des marées sur certains points de nos côtes.</item> <item>— Quelle grande mer n'a point ou presque point de marées ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>On appelle marées les mouvements des eaux de la mer qui, deux fois par jour, les soulèvent, les portent en avant sur le rivage, et, deux autres fois, les ramènent au point de départ.</p> <p>Ces phénomènes, dont le premier est connu sous le nom de flux et l'autre sous celui de reflux, sont attribués à l'attraction qu'exercent le soleil et la lune sur la surface du globe.</p> <p>C'est au <placeName key="Le Mont-Saint-Michel" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q20892">mont Saint-Michel</placeName>, au sud-ouest de la presqu'ile de <placeName><placeName key="Cotentin Peninsula" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q463529">Cotentin</placeName></placeName>, que la marée modifie le plus l'aspect du rivagé. « A mer basse, l'immense plaine de sable de 250 kilomêtres carrès qui entoure le mont, ressemble à un lit de cendres que borne au lointain le liséré d'écume de l' ; mais lorsque la marée, plus rapide qu'un cheval au galop, remonte en écumant la pente presque insensible, il lui suffit de quelques heures pour transformer toute la baie en une nappe d’eau grisâtre. Au reflux, les eaux se retirent avec la même rapidité à plus de 10 kilomêtres du rivage et laissent à nu la grande plage déserte que parcourent des ruisseaux, en formant çà et là des gouffres perfides de vase molle où les voyageurs risquent de s'engloutir. » (D'après <persName ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/315643242/">E. RECLUS</persName>, <title><title level="m">L'Océan</title></title>.)</p> <p>La hauteur de la marée est plus grande dans les golfes que sur les plages largement découvertes. Au fond de la baie du <placeName><placeName key="Le Mont-Saint-Michel" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q20892">mont Saint-Michel</placeName></placeName>, elle marque 14 à 15 mêtres entre le niveau du flux et celui des plus basses eaux ; elle n'est que de 5 à 6 mêtres à <placeName key="Dunkirk" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q45797">Dunkerque</placeName> et au <placeName key="Le Havre" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q42810">Havre</placeName>.</p> <p><placeName key="Mediterranean Sea" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4918">La ,</placeName> qui est une mer fermée, a des marées presque insensibles. Sur nos côtes et celles d'<placeName><placeName key="Spain" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q29">Espagne</placeName></placeName> ou d'<placeName><placeName key="Italy" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q38">Italie</placeName></placeName>, la difference n'est que de 0m,30 entre le flux et le reflux ; de 0m,60 à 0m,90 à <placeName><placeName key="Venice" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q641">Venise</placeName></placeName>. au fond de l' ; de 0m,15 à l'<placeName><placeName key="Zakynthos" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q144880">ile de Zante</placeName></placeName> et de 0m,020 à <placeName key="Corfu" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q121378">Corfou</placeName>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
141. — Quatre lavandières. 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Action de plonger dans l'eau." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch141"> <pb type="page" n="502" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_502.jpg"/> <head>141. — Quatre lavandières. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>Le surlendemain jeudi, au coup de midi, comme le gravier de la rue résonnait sous une multitude de petits sabots sabotant, plusieurs de ces sabots s'arrêtèrent à la porte de la ferme.</p> <p>Deux écolières, en sarrau de cotonnade, entrèrent, et une demi-douzaine, les yeux curieux, restèrent sur le seuil de la porte.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> sortit du fournil, où elle veillait au coulage de la lessive. Les deux premières fillettes lui présentèrent l'une un paquet, l'autre un billet de <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName>.</p> <p>— Bon, dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, après avoir lu.</p> <p>Elle délia le paquet. C'étaient les objets de la layette <pb type="page" n="503" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_503.jpg"/> <fw>QUATRE LAVANDIERES. 503</fw> emportés à l'école. Après avoir examiné le travail et coiffé son poing d'un petit béguin : </p> <p>— Bien, très bien. C'est toi, <persName type="fictif">Margot</persName>, qui as cousu cela ? </p> <p><persName type="fictif">Margot</persName>, qui venait de remonter ses bas, se baissa, les remonta de nouveau et, se redressant : </p> <p>— Oui, dit-elle, et <persName type="fictif">Adèle</persName> a cousu les chemises.</p> <p><persName type="fictif">Adèle</persName> appuya de la tête.</p> <p>— <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> m'écrit de vous donner une récompense. Eh bien ! que voulez-vous comme récompense ?</p> <p>— <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> nous a dit que, peut-être, vous nous feriez laver cette layette, répondit <persName type="fictif">Margot</persName> doucément, comme si elle craignait un refus.</p> <figure> <caption>— Ah ! Madame, que c'est amusant, la lessive ! </caption> </figure> <p>— Très bien, vous reviendrez cette après-midi.</p> <p>— Reviendrons-nous avec <persName type="fictif">Rose</persName> et <persName type="fictif">Louise</persName>, qui ont aussi bien travaillé à la layette que nous, mademoiselle <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ? </p> <p>— Avec <persName type="fictif">Rose</persName> et <persName type="fictif">Louise</persName>, c'est entendu. Plus il y a de lavandières, plus vite va le lavage. Je vous attends à une heure.</p> <p>Quand, à l'heure dite, parurent les lavandières, le gros poêle ronflait. Auprès de la couleuse à lessive, un chaudron de cuivre, plein d'eau déjà fumante, attendait ; sur l'aire, un peu plus loin, un petit baquet posé sur un trépied.</p> <p>—Approchez ! ajustez devant vous ce grand torchon propre ! et retroussons nos manches, haut !.. plus haut... jusqu'aux coudes ! </p> <p>Alors <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> mit au baquet toute la layette, qui y fit <pb type="page" n="504" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_504.jpg"/> <fw>504 SUZETTE.</fw> un assez joli tas ; puis elle versa l'eau chaude dessus et tâta ; trop chaude ! Elle l'additionna d'eau froide jusqu'au degré voulu. Les fillettes regardaient ces préparatifs, tout impatientes de barboter. Et de temps en temps la brunette <persName type="fictif">Margot</persName> remontait activement ses bas, comme si cela eût dû hâter l'affaire.</p> <p>Enfin nous y sommes ! les bras se trémoussent dans le chaudron, le savon mousse ; une neige légère, diaprée, voltige en flocons, et parfois se pose sur la face, sur le nez des laveuses. Mais on fait bien attention à cela ! on barbote, on barbote ! </p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> surveille l'opération. A mesure qu'une bavette, une chemise, une brassière est lavée, elle la prend, l'examine, et, suivant le cas, la rejette aux lavandières ou la plonge dans le baquet d'eau claire placé un peu plus loin.</p> <p>— Et frottons, frottons vivement ! — C'est <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> qui entre avec cette invitation à ne pas muser.</p> <p>— Ah ! Madame, que c'est amusant, la lessive ! s'écrie la brunette ; et elle profite de la circonstance pour remonter ses bas.</p> <figure> <caption>La lessiveuse. Le nettoyage du linge par l'action des cendres, ou lessive, est une opération très importante. On dispose le linge sale dans une grande cuve, audessus on met une couche de cendres, puis l'on verse de l'eau chaude sur le tout. Cette eau filtre au travers du linge et le débarrasse de ses souillures ; on la recueille par un orifice laissé ouvert dans le fond du baquet, pour la remettre sur le feu et la verser de nouveau sur les cendres, dès qu'elle est chaude. Il faut toute une journée pour faire ce travail. Les appareils à lessiver rendent un réel service en ce sens qu'ils suppriment la personne employée à faire la lessive, puisqu'il n'y a que le feu à entretenir. Ces appareils se composent de deux parties principales : 1° une chaudière et son fourneau ; 2° une cuve dans laquelle on met le linge. L'eau en ébullition dans la chaudière se répand en jet d'eau par la pomme d'arrosage fixée à l'extrémite supérieure d'un tube dont l'autre bout communique avec la chaudière ; il s'établit, a travers toutes les couches du linge sur lequel on a jeté des cendres ou du carbonate de soude, un courant d'eau savonneuse qui détache et entraine les impuretés dont le linge est souillé.</caption> </figure> <p>— <persName type="fictif">Margot</persName>, à force d'être tiraillés, tes bas sont tout de travers, dit la maîtresse ; et tes idées sur la lessive le sont aussi. Tu fais là, non la lessive, mais seulement le savonnage, qui en est la seconde partie.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> découvre alors la couleuse, y montre le <pb type="page" n="505" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_505.jpg"/> <fw>QUATRE LAVANDIERES. 505</fw> linge en train de se nettoyer une première fois par le carbonate de soude.</p> <p>— La layette n'a pas passé par là parce qu'elle était déjà presque propre avant de voir l'eau, ajoute <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName>.</p> <p>Le savonnage achevé, et dans les règles, car il y a là deux paires d'yeux joliment ouverts, on commence le rinçage. Attention ! il s'agit maintenant de noyer les derniers vestiges de savon, qui prendraient en séchant une teinte rousse et gâteraient le meilleur blanchissage.</p> <p>On plonge, on presse la layette dans deux eaux claires ; car la peau tendre et irritable des bébés veut un linge pur. On parachève <note type="annotation">Parachever. Terminer avec soin.</note> par une immersion <note type="annotation">Immersion. Action de plonger dans l'eau.</note> dans un baquet d'eau azurée.</p> <p>Puis on tend des cordes, on y suspend tout l'attirail et même une petite robe d'indienne à mille raies blanches et roses, qui habilla jadis l'enfance de <persName type="fictif">Mlle Lucie Valon</persName>. La petite déshéritée qui vient de naître sera gentiment nippée pour quelque temps.</p> <p>Vous pouvez maintenant aller jouer, les quatre lavandières ! et vous, <persName type="fictif">Margot</persName>, remonter vos bas tout à l'aise, la layette séchera pendant la nuit.</p> <p>Le lendemain matin, après y avoir donné un coup de fer, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> alla la porter chez <persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName>. Pauvre maison ! </p> <p>Les quatre enfants tâchaient de se chauffer autour du poêle, brûlant à peine. Le cinquième, emmailloté du châle et du peu de linge donnés la veille. était sur les bras de la mère aux joues creuses. Dans la pièce à côté, <figure> <caption>Dentelle au crochet et mignardise. Ce genre de dentelle sert spécialement à garnir la lingerie et les vêtements d'enfants.</caption> </figure> s'entendait le terlic-terlac du jacquard d'<persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName>.</p> <p>Devant toute la richesse étalée la mère appela le tis-<fw type="footer">SUZETTE (Maîtresse). <fw type="sig">29</fw></fw> <pb type="page" n="506" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_506.jpg"/> <fw>506 SUZETTE.</fw> seur. Il vint, le visage adouci. Le bébé, dont les yeux grands ouverts regardaient le plafond, fit une légère grimace, pendant que <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> montrait à la mère un petit bonnet, garni d'un bout de dentelle au crochet.</p> <p>— Voyez, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette Dumay</persName>, voyez ! elle sourit ; elle est contente aussi ! </p> <p>— Vous reviendrez nous voir, <persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName>, dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>.</p> <p>— Oui.</p> <p>Et comme elle sortait :</p> <p>— Savez-vous, reprit-il, qu'il devrait y avoir beaucoup de braves gens comme vous ?</p> <p>— Peut-être, répondit-elle, tout le monde ne sait-il pas la joie qu on peut donner avec un peu de vieux linge.</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Qu'entendit-on le surlendemain jeudi, au coup de midi ? </item> <item>— Qui entra dans la ferme ? </item> <item>— Que fit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> et que lui présenta-t-on ? </item> <item>— Que trouva-t-elle dans le paquet ? </item> <item>— Reproduisez la conversation avec les deux fillettes.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui fut décidé pour <persName type="fictif">Rose</persName> et <persName type="fictif">Louise</persName> ? </item> <item>— Que virent les petites lavandières à leur retour ? </item> <item>— Que leur dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— Comment <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> mit-elle la layette au baquet ? </item> <item>— Quelle manie avait <persName type="fictif">Margot</persName> ? </item> <item>— Pourquoi ? </item> <item>— Dites comment on savonne le linge.</item> <item>— Que faisait <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> quand une plèce de la layette était savonnée ? </item> <item>— Que dirent les fillettes à <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> qui entrait ? </item> <item>— Quel conseil fut donné à <persName type="fictif">Margot</persName> ? </item> <item>— Où le linge fut-il placé par <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— Exposez la manière de rincer le linge ; — de le faire sècher.</item> <item>— Comment renvoya-t-on les bonnes petites fillettes ? </item> <item>— Quel aspect présentait, le lendemain matin, la chambre du logis d'<persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName> ? </item> <item>— Que fit la mère ? </item> <item>— Que devait penser le père ? </item> <item>— Reproduisez la conversation qui s'engagea.</item> <item>— Par quelle réflexion touchante <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> la termina-t-elle ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="industrie"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Décrire une lessiveuse extérieurement et intérieurement.</item> <item>— Avantages de cet appareil.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui est nécessaire pour couler les grosses lessives à la campagne ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>(Voir, pour la première question, la note de la page 305, Livre de l'élève, placée au-dessous de la lessiveuse.)</p> <p>Les lessiveuses présentent de grands avantages dans les villes et dans les campagnes où il n'existe point de rivières ni de ruisseaux propres au lavage en grand du linge, par la raison qu'elles exigent peu de place, peu de combustible, et que, de plus, l'opération peut être conduite sans qu'on cesse de s'occuper des soins du ménage. Si l'on sait doser convenablement les matières propres au blanchissage et bien diriger l'appareil, on obtient d'excellents résultats.</p> <p>Pour couler une grosse lessive, il faut une cuve de grandes dimensions qu'on pose sur un solide trépied, et un fourneau sur lequel on puisse faire bouillir une quantité d'au moins 12 à 15 litres d’eau à la fois. On doit se munir de bois sec, susceptible de donner une flamme claire, ainsi que d'une certaine quantité de bonnes cendres de bois.</p> <p>On commence par laver avec du savon, dans de l'eau froide, le linge à mettre en lessive, puis on en remplit la cuve en le froissant et non en le pliant, et en plaçant au fond le linge le plus sale ; au-dessus les draps, puis les chemises, enfin les linges de cuisine. On vers l'eau froide sur le tout, et on laisse tremper pendant une nuit.</p> <pb type="page" n="507" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_507.jpg"/> <fw>QUATRE LAVANDIERES. 507</fw> <p>Le lendemain, on recouvre la cuve d'une ample et forte toile sur laquelle on répand la quantité voulue de cendres en couches d'égale épaisseur. On verse sur ces cendres d'abord de l'eau froide qui dissout la potasse et la soude qu'elles contiennent, filtre à travers le linge et s'écoule lentement par le robinet dans un baquet destiné à la recueillir. Dès que le baquet est plein, on en verse l'eau dans une chaudière d'où, une fois tiède, on la retire pour la verser de nouveau sur les cendres. On soutire l'eau à nouveau et on la fait chauffer de plus en plus de façon à obtenir un liquide porté à l'ébullition, qu'on appelle lessive, et qui est versé une dernière fois dans la cuve, où la chaleur finit ainsi par pénétrer. On n'enlève les cendres que lorsque la température est la même partout, et l'on continue à couler après avoir mis sur la cuve les tissus fins, tels que les rideaux. L'opération entière dure de 12 à 14 heures, suivant la quantité du linge ; le robinet doit rester ouvert toute la nuit.</p> <p>Le lendemain, on lave le linge dans de l'eau chaude, puis on le rince à l'eau froide en le battant pour le débarrasser des dernières parcelles de lessive. La meilleure eau pour cette dernière operation est celle des rivières ou celle de pluie.</p> </div> </div> <div type="économie_domestique"> <head type="sujets">Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— En quoi peut-il être utile de faire un peu de crochet dans ses moments de loisir ? </item> </list> <list> <item>Qu'est-ce que les cristaux de soude ? </item> <item>— Quelles en sont les propriétés ? </item> <item>— A quelle dose convient-il de les employer ? </item> <item>— Quelle est la meilleure méthode de laver le linge ? </item> <item>— Que pensez-vous de l'emploi des brosses ? </item> <item>— Comment doit être l'eau du lavoir pour que le linge soit propre, blanc et sain ? </item> <item>— Que voit-on souvent à la campagne dans certains lavoirs ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Pendant ses moments de loisir, principalement pendant les longues soirées d'hiver ou les jours durant lesquels il pleut, au cours des voyages encore, une jeune fille s'occupe agréablement et utilement à confectionner quelques ouvrages de crochet ; ce travail est de beaucoup préférable aux conversations oiseuses, à la lecture des journaux ou à l'observation de choses sur lesquelles il est bon que les regards des jeunes filles ne se portent jamais.</p> <p>Les cristaux ou carbonate de soude sont un sel blanc, âcre, légèrement caustique, très soluble dans l'eau, et plus à chaud qu'à froid, qu'on tire de la soude du commerce. On s'en sert de préférence aux cendres dans le blanchissage du linge, et lorsqu’on n'en exagère pas la dose, ils donnent les résultats les plus satisfaisants.</p> <p>Dans une lessiveuse de 0m,38 de profondeur sur 0m,30 de diamètre moyen, on peut entasser 3 kil. 500 de linge. Cette quantité nécessite l'emploi de 200 grammes de carbonate de soude et 100 grammes de savon, soit 100 grammes de carbonate de soude et 50 grammes de savon pour 1 kil. 750 de linge.</p> <p>La meilleure manière de laver le linge est de le frotter à la main pour y faire pénétrer le savon, et de le frapper ensuite avec des battoirs de bois. On l'use énormément en le lavant à la brosse et surtout en le tordant. Aujourd'hui, on emploie avec grand avantage l'épureuse à force centrifuge, ou mieux encore l'essoreuse, formée de deux cylindres de bois revêtus de caoutchouc ontre lesquels on fait passer le linge môuillé pour en extraire l'eau avant de l'étendre à l'air sur la corde.</p> <p>L'eau du lavoir doit être courante afin d'être constamment renouvelée ; sinon elle se charge d'impuretés et donne le spectacle d'une bouillie infecte qui empoisonne le linge et y introduit le germe de maladies de peau. Ce triste état de choses se constate trop fréquem<pb type="page" n="508" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_508.jpg"/> <fw>508 SUZETTE.</fw> ment encore dans certaines campagnes où l'eau est rare ; dans ce dernier cas, on aura toujours avantage à se rendre à un ruisseau ou à une fontaine, quelle qu'en soit la distance.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
140. — En taillant une layette. 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"LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch140"> <pb type="page" n="496" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_496.jpg"/> <head>140. — En taillant une layette. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>Le repas ne fut pas long. Le couvert ôté, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> chercha dans l'armoire, et elle en tirait un vieux drap et un jupon de piqué encore bon, quand <persName type="fictif" key="m_valon">M</persName>. et <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> entrèrent pour passer la soirée, comme cela leur arrivait assez souvent.</p> <p>— Madame, je vais faire une layette pour un petit enfant.</p> <pb type="page" n="497" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_497.jpg"/> <fw type="footer"><fw type="sig">28</fw></fw> <figure> <caption>Pièces d'habillement composant la layette d'un jeune enfant. Les diverses pièces qui constituent généralement la layette d'un jeune enfant sont : 1. la robe de dessus ; — 2. la capote ; — 3, la brassière en laine ; — 4. le petit bonnet de mousseline ; — 5. les chaussons de laine tricotés ; — 6. le corset ; — 7. la chemise, qui devra étre aussi fine que possible pour ne pas écorcher la peau du bébé ; — 8. les bas de laine tricotés ; — 9, la bavette en piqué ; — 10. le béguin de toile, sans oublier les jupons de laine et de finette. Pour les tout jeunes enfants, il faut encore ajouter à cette nomenclature les couches, les langes et les maillots en laine.</caption> </figure> <pb type="page" n="498" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_498.jpg"/> <fw>498 SUZETTE.</fw> <p><persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> conta la visite d'<persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName>, et M<persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">me Valon</persName>, renfermant dans son sac à ouvrage un tricot qu'elle venait d'en tirer :</p> <p>Mais tout de suite ! il faut la faire tout de suite, cette layette ! Et comme cela me connaît, passe-moi les ciseaux.</p> <p>Sans hésitation, les ciseaux taillèrent vivement dans le drap et dans le jupon de piqué. Car, bien que <persName type="fictif">Georges</persName> et <persName type="fictif">Lucie Valon</persName> fussent maintenant de belle taille, leur mère n'avait pas oublié les mesures des petits messieurs, des petites demoiselles au berceau.</p> <p>Les ciseaux posés, elle prit une à une les pièces qui ressemblaient beaucoup à des vêtements de poupée.</p> <p>— Voici, dit-elle, des béguins, des bonnets, des brassières, des chemises, des bavettes, des couches. Je t'en emporterai une forte partie, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ; je ferai coudre cela demain, en récompense, à mes meilleures élèves. Elles seront contentes de s'associer à un bon acte de fraternité.</p> <p>— Oui ! dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, je vais leur faire concurrence.</p> <p>Elle prit l'aiguille, se mit à une petite chemise et ses doigts volèrent. Ceux de <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> battirent aussitôt, la même marche sur un béguin.</p> <p>Après un silence, elle dit :</p> <p>— Nous ne pouvons pourtant pas nous laisser ainsi frapper par les événements sans nous rebiffer un peu. <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> et moi, nous causions récemment de la misère du village.</p> <p>— J'allais en parler à mon père quand <persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName> est entré. </p> <p>— Eh bien ! parle-lui-en.</p> <p>Mais <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> passa la parole à <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName>, qui la passa à son mari ; et celui-ci la laissa aux dames.</p> <p>— Eh bien ! reprit <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName>, n'y a-t-il pas un remède à la maladie de la misère ?</p> <p>— Si vous le trouvez, Madame, dit <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName>, ni vous ni le pauvre monde n'aurez perdu votre journée.</p> <p>— Je parle d'un remède pressant. Voyons ! les salaires, déjà bas, des ouvriers d'ici ont baissé de cinquante centimes.</p> <pb type="page" n="499" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_499.jpg"/> <fw>EN TAILLANT UINE LAYETTE. 499</fw> <p>— C'est énorme !</p> <p>— Oui, c'est énorme, mais pourquoi ? Parce qu'avec trente sous la pauvre mère de famille ne peut plus se procurer ce qu'elle avait pour quarante. Eh bien ! supposez que demain, brusquement, le prix des vivres diminuât de moitié ? Combien vaudraient les trente sous des ouvriers ? Trois francs, du coup. Or ne pouvons-nous pas diminuer le prix des vivres ?</p> <p>—De moitié ?</p> <p>— Non, pas de tant. Mais que diriez-vous d'une ménagère qui achêterait directement au producteur, ou, à défaut du producteur, au marchand en gros*<note type="annotation">Marchand en gros. Celui qui vend les marchandises par quantités considérables.</note> ? Voilà tout de suite une économie plus large encore que ne la fit autrefois <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> sur le café en l'achetant par demi-kilo, et non plus par quart. Cette ménagère va trouver ses commères en petite bourse et en grosses dépenses. Elle leur dit : Il nous faut à chacune un demi-kilo de graisse, de sucre, de café, de haricots, de savon, sans compter le pétrole et le reste. Mettons en commun le prix de ce demi-kilo ; achetons pour nous toutes, et nous aurons chacune un kilo, ou peu s'en faut, au lieu d'un demi, avec le même argent. Et de la sorte, nous rattrapons, et au delà, les quarante sous de la journée de nos hommes ! Quand on est dans le fossé, il faut s'ingénier*<note type="annotation">S'ingénier. Voir n° 49.</note> pour en sortir ; quand on peut créer de meilleures conditions d'échange de sa pauvre monnaie, c'est une sottise que de continuer à souffrir. Le plus douloureux chez nous, c'est que chacun vit pour soi, quand il faudrait s'associer pour l'aide et le profit communs.</p> <figure> <caption>Haricots. Les graines de haricots se mangent soit à l'état sec, soit à l'état frais. La gousse, cueillie bien avant la maturité et lorsque les grains sont encore tout petits, constitue un légume nourrissant, connu seus le nom de haricots verts, et qu'on peut conserver indéfiniment dans des boites en fer-blanc bien fermées.</caption> </figure> <p>Sur ces mots, <persName type="fictif" key="m_valon">M. Valon</persName> raconta une histoire fort <pb type="page" n="500" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_500.jpg"/> <fw>500 SUZETTE.</fw> connue, mais qu'il est toujours bon de répéter : celle d'une poignée d'ouvriers anglais qui, il y a environ cinquante ans, devant une situation pareille à celle des ouvriers de <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName>, eurent un jour l'idée, leur salaire abaissé, de réduire non pas leur chère, car réduire sa chère c'est diminuer ses forces, mais leurs frais d'achat.</p> <p>Ils se cotisèrent, achetèrent en commun, et du coup mangèrent plus abondamment. Puis ils étendirent leurs achats, et purent bientôt ouvrir une boutique où ils cédèrent, avec très peu de bénéfices, à leurs frères ouvriers, les marchandises de première nécessité. </p> <p>A la longue, par le nombre croissant des associés, ces tout petits bénéfices devinrent si considérables qu'il s'en fit trois parts, une qui se divisa entre tous les acheteurs ; une autre qui fonda des écoles, des bibliothèques et des asiles pour les vétérans*<note type="annotation">Vétéran. Vieil ouvrier incapable de travail.</note> et les infirmes de l'atelier. La troisième, réservée à l'extension de la société, créa des magasins de vêtements, de cordonnerie, d'ameublement, d'ustensiles de ménage, et aussi des filatures, des tissages mécaniques pour alimenter ces magasins. Aujourd'hui, les Pionniers de <placeName>Rochdale</placeName> — c'est leur nom — ont des vaisseaux à eux qui vont chercher au loin, à leur source même de production, les matières premières*<note type="annotation">Matières premières. Celles qui constituent la base de toute fabrication.</note>, les laines d'<placeName key="Australia" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q408">Australie</placeName>, les cuirs de <placeName key="Buenos Aires" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1486">Buenos-Ayres</placeName>*<note type="annotation">Buenos-Ayres, Ville de l'<placeName key="South America" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q18">Amérique du Sud</placeName>.</note>, les épices des îles ! Cela a l'air d'un conte ; ce n'est pourtant que la véridique histoire d'une association de gens pratiques.</p> <p>— Mais, s'écria <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> en se levant, allons vite la conter aux ouvriers de <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName> !</p> <p>— Ils la savent depuis longtemps, répondit <persName type="fictif" key="m_valon">M. Valon</persName> avec un soupir.</p> <p>— C'est aux femmes qu'il faut la conter ! reprit vivement <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> ; c'est elles, les pauvres acheteuses, qu'il faut gagner à l'idée d'association ! Et je voudrais bien savoir si la fraternelle idée des Pionniers de <placeName>Rochdale</placeName> n'a pas été inspirée par quelque bonne et ingénieuse femme d'ouvrier ! Il y a des questions que nous entendons plus vite que les hommes.</p> </div> <pb type="page" n="501" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_501.jpg"/> <fw>EN TAILLANT UNE LAYETTE. 501</fw> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Que fit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> après le repas ? </item> <item>— Quelles personnes survinrent ? </item> <item>— Que décida <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> ?</item> <item>— Que tailla-t-elle ?</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'elle n'avait point oublié ? </item> <item>— Quels vêtements d'enfants prépara-t-elle ? </item> <item>— Comment se proposa-t-elle de les faire coudre ? </item> <item>— A quoi s'occupèrent ces dames pendant la veillée ? </item> <item>— De combien avaient baissé les salaires ? </item> <item>— Quelle supposition fit <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> à propos de la baisse des salaires ? </item> <item>— Comment peut-on diminuer le prix de revient des objets de consommation journalière ? </item> <item>— Que pourrait alors proposer une ménagère à ses voisines ?</item> <item>— Que faut-il faire lorsqu’on est dans le fossé, c'est-à-dire dans l'embarras ?</item> <item>— Racontez l'histoire des Pionniers de <placeName>Rochdale</placeName>.</item> <item>— Que possède et que fait aujourd'hui cette société ? </item> <item>— Que proposa <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> ? </item> <item>— Qui avait déjà conté cette histoire aux gens de Fragicourt ? </item> <item>— Que proposa <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="morale"> <head type="sujets">Morale.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Que pensez-vous de <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, et pourquoi aimeriez-vous avoir une amie telle que cette jeune fille ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Je pense que <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> est une jeune personne d'un excellent cœur, active, raisonnable et pratique. Il ne faut pas se contenter de voir le bien à faire, mais, comme elle, se mettre à l'ouvrage résolument, promptement et vivement. <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> pratique la vraie charité, celle qui ne fait pas attendre, qui n'humilie pas et qui sait ce qu'il convient de donner. Que d'autres sont prodigues de plaintes, de condoléances et qui pensent avoir rempli leur devoir lorsqu'elles se sont apitoyées sur les misères d'autrui !</p> <p>J'aimerais à avoir une amie telle que <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, car auprès d'elle je ne trouverais que de bons exemples et des encouragements à faire le bien.</p> </div> </div> <div type="industrie"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'une layette ? </item> <item>— un béguin ? </item> <item>— des brassières ? </item> <item>— une bavette ? </item> <item>— des langes ou couches ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>On donne le nom de layette au linge et aux effets destinés à un enfant nouveau-né.</p> <p>Un béguin est une coiffe pour les enfants qui s'attache sous le menton avec une petite bride.</p> <p>Les brassières ne sont autre chose qu'une petite camisole qui sert à maintenir le corps, et qui est particulièrement à l'usage des enfants.</p> <p>Une bavette est une petite pièce de toile qu'on attache sur la poitrine des jeunes enfants pour recevoir la salive qui tombe de leurs lèvres.</p> <p>On appelle langes ou couches des pièces d'étoffes ou de toile dont on enveloppe les enfants au berceau ; on en fait en toile, en molleton, en piqué.</p> </div> </div> <div type="économie_domestique"> <head type="sujets">Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Etablissez le détail des pièces d'une layette telle que celle dont votre mère eut besoin pour vous. </item> <item>— Faites le compte de ce qu'on a dépensé pour la préparer (achat, couture, repassage).</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Chaque entant demandera à sa mère la liste des effets en question, puis elle disposera le compte, pour chacun, de la manière suivante :</p> <table><row><cell>Etoffe pour un béguin... mèt. à</cell><cell>............</cell><cell> = </cell></row> <row><cell>Façon et fournitures, repassage</cell><cell>............</cell><cell> = </cell></row> <row><cell>Prix de... béguins = X</cell> <cell>............</cell> <cell>=</cell></row></table> <list> <item>Qu'est-ce qui produit la cherté des vivres, même quand le producteur les vend à bon compte ? </item> <item>— Citez des exemples. </item> <item>— Comment pourrait-on, dans votre pays, ramener les prix à un taux raisonnable ?</item> </list> <p>La cherté des vivres provient le plus souvent de leur rareté ; elle est encore causée par la multiplication exagérée des maisons de vente. <pb type="page" n="502" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_502.jpg"/> <fw>502 SUZETTE.</fw> Écrasés par les frais d'installation et de loyer, vendant peu, ces établissements élèvent les prix à un taux ruineux pour le consommateur ; la chose se produit souvent dans les grandes villes et dans leur banlieue.</p> <p>On pourrait ramener les prix à un taux raisonnable en opérant ainsi que les Pionniers de <placeName>Rochdale</placeName>, ou bien encore en s'entendant à plusieurs pour se fournir exclusivement chez le marchand qui débiterait des produits de bonne qualité à des prix modérés, et non au double du prix d'achat sur les lieux de production, comme cela se voit fréquemment.</p> </div> </div> <div type="hygiène"> <head type="sujets">Hygiène.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Comment doit-on s'y prendre pour emmailloter un bébé pour la nuit ?</item> <item>— Donnez un aperçu des soins que réclament les tout jeunes enfants.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Lorsqu’on veut emmailloter un enfant pour la nuit, il faut l'envelopper avec un lange de toile très douce qu'on'attachera sur le pourtour du corps plutôt avec des cordons qu'avec des épingles ; par-dessus, on mettra de la même manière un lange de laine ou de molleton, en observant les mêmes précautions, et l'on se gardera d'emprisonner les jambes de manière à leur interdire tout mouvement ; par la gêne qu'imposerait une telle situation à une grande personne, on pent juger de la souffrance que ressentirait l'enfant, dont les membres sont si délicats.</p> <p>Les bébés doivent être tenus avec une extrême propreté si l'on ne veut pas les exposer à de douloureuses affections de la peau ; on leur donnera à manger fréquemment, à des heures réglées, et selon que leur age l'exigera. Les mettre trop tôt au régime des soupes, des bouillies, c'est s'exposer à fatiguer leur estomac et à provoquer soit des indigestions, soit des dérangements d'entrailles dont les conséquences peuvent être fatales.</p> <p>L'enfant passe presque entièrement à dormir les premiers temps de sa vie. L'usage veut encore aujourd'hui qu'il repose dans un berceau, quoiqu'on ne le berce plus guère, car les médecins blâment ce moyen généralement adopté autrefois pour amener le sommeil. Ce petit lit doit être bien simple, assez long pour que le bébé puisse y coucher jusqu'à six ou sept ans, garni d'une paillasse rembourrée de feuilles de mais, d'une couverture de laine, et surmonté d'un rideau léger de mousseline.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
139. — Il se faut entr'aider. 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Vieille et pauvre\n maison." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch139"> <pb n="492" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_492.jpg"/> <head>139. — Il se faut entr'aider. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>Bientôt commença la procession des affamés, des mal vêtus, le long des portes où l'on pouvait frapper. La neige tombait toujours, gelant les gens et la terre. Heureux les toits dont les cheminées fumaient encore !</p> <pb n="493" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_493.jpg"/> <fw type="header">IL SE FAUT ENTR'AIDER. 493 </fw> <p>La lampe était allumée ; <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> et <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> se chauffaient les pieds sur la pierre du poêle. <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> faisait ses comptes. Plume en main, attentive, elle semblait fureter le long des colonnes de chiffres pour y trouver quelque chose de précieux qui s'y serait caché. Puis, ayant fermé le livre, et après un moment de silence.</p> <p>— Voilà ! dit-elle, je ne trouve que ceci : d'abord nous priver d'habits neufs, cette année, en prolongeant les vieux par des reprises et des pièces. Cela ne coûtera qu'un peu de fil et de sommeil ; nous pourrons ainsi distribuer cinq kilos de pain par semaine.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> secoua la tête. Il trouvait sa sœur déjà assez occupée et s'attristait de ce surcroît de besogne.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> reprit :</p> <p>— Autre chose encore : nos abeilles qui, jusqu'ici, ont travaillé à mettre du linge dans cette armoire, butineront cette année pour faire cinq kilos de pain à ajouter aux cinq autres. Plaise au printemps d'être doux et fleuri ; elles nous rendront bien ce que nous allons donner à l'avance ! Donc, dix kilos de pain par semaine.</p> <p>On approuva. Elle hocha la tête : </p> <p>— Mais cela ne suffit pas ; l'aumône ne tire pas les gens d'affaire. Il faut encore, comme le dit <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName>.....</p> <p>La porte venait de s'ouvrir brusquement. Un homme hâve*<note type="annotation">Hâve. Pâle et maîgre.</note>, farouche, était là, immobile au milieu de la pièce, les deux mains appuyées, avec une visible ostentation, sur un gros gourdin.</p> <p>— Du pain ! dit-il d'une voix brève. Il m'en faut !</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> s'était levé : </p> <p>— Tu auras du pain, <persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName>, répondit-il ; mais pourquoi, toi, un jeune homme, t'appuies-tu ainsi comme un vieillard sur ce bâton ? </p> <p>Les yeux d'<persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName> regardèrent un moment avec fixité le fermier, qui le regardait aussi. Puis, lentement, sans un mot, il alla rouvrir la porte, jeta le bâton dans la rue et revint :</p> <p>— J'ai dans la cassine*<note type="annotation">Cassine. Vieille et pauvre maison.</note>, dit-il, quatre petits qui pleurent la faim. Et pas même une loque de linge pour <fw type="footer">SUZETTE (Maîtresse). 28</fw> <pb n="494" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_494.jpg"/> <fw type="header">494 SUZETTE.</fw> habiller le cinquième, une petite fille, qui vient de naître. A quatre portes on m'a repoussé, sous prétexte que je suis un homme de cabaret... Alors j'ai pris ce bâton. On ne peut pas laisser mourir ainsi ses enfants, sa femme !... </p> <p>— Oui, <persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName>, tu es malheureusement un homme de cabaret ; mais, tu devrais le savoir, moi et les miens nous avons toujours fait profession de croire que les torts du père ne doivent pas être la condamnation des enfants ! Assieds-toi ; ma fille va revenir.</p> <p>En effet, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, qui venait de sortir, rentra presque aussitôt. Elle tenait un pot à fleurs bleues, un pain et un paquet.</p> <p>— Tenez, dit-elle, voilà du pain et du lait, de quoi faire une soupe. Et voici du linge doux et un petit châle pour envelopper l'enfant. Il y aura autre chose. J'irai voir votre femme.</p> <p>Il prit ce qu'on lui tendait, essaya de remercier, ne le put, et s'en alla.</p> <p>Puis <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> servit le souper, une maigre fricassée de pommes de terre. Ah ! ce n'était plus le temps de la bonne cuisine ! On se mit à table en silence, mais c'est du bout des dents qu'on mangeait. A la troisième bouchée, <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> repoussa son assiette :</p> <p>— Non, dit-il, je ne peux pas ; les morceaux m'étranglent... Trop de misère en ce monde ! Ce sont nos frères, ces malheureux ! En vérité, cette terre est-elle si avare, si impuissante à nourrir tous ses fils ? ou bien l'humanité, faute de science et de justice, ne sait-elle pas se conduire ?</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire</head> <list> <item> — Quelle triste procession commença ?</item> <item>— Que faisait <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ?</item> <item>— Pourquoi revoyait-elle son livre de comptes ?</item> <item>— Quelles économies trouva-t-elle d'abord à proposer ?</item> <item>— Que pensez-vous de <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ?</item> <item>— A quoi destinait-elle le produit des ruches, et comment en parla-t-elle à son père ?</item> <item>— Qu'ajouta-t-elle ?</item> <item>— Qui entra brusquement ?</item> <item>— Que demanda l'homme et que répondit le fermier ?</item> <item>— Que fit <persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName> et que dit-il ensuite ?</item> <item>— Pourquoi <persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName> était-il si misérable ?</item> <item>— Qu'aurait-il dû faire ?</item> <item>Que lui répondit <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> ?</item> <item>— Que lui apporta <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ?</item> <item>— Quelles bonnes paroles ajouta-t-elle ?</item> <item>— Quel fut le souper de la ferme ?</item> <item>— Pour quoi en était-il ainsi ?</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui empéchait le bon fermier de manger ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="morale"> <head type="sujets">Morale.</head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item> — Qu'entend-on par pauvres, en général ?</item> <item>— par vrais <pb n="495" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_495.jpg"/> <fw type="header">II SE FAUT ENTR'AIDER. 495</fw> pauvres, mauvais pauvres, pauvres honteux ?</item> <item>— Quels sont nos devoirs à l'égard des pauvres ?</item> <item>— Manière de donner et de secourir pour que l'aumône n'humilie pas et ne soit pas un encouragement à la paresse.</item> <item>— Comment un pauvre doit-il solliciter l'aumône ?</item> <item>— Montrez que chacun peut faire l'aumône.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>On entend par pauvres ceux qui manquent du nécessaire ou qui ne se le procurent qu'à grand'peine.</p> <p>Les vrais pauvres sont les gens qu'une incapacité réelle de travailler, le chômage ou un excès de charges mettent dans l'impossibilité de gagner ce qui est indispensable à leurs besoins et à ceux de leur famille. Ce sont d'honnêtes gens que le malheur frappe et qui ont droit à toute notre pitié.</p> <p>Les mauvais pauvres sont des paresseux, des débauchés, des ivrognes ennemis du travail, qui sont réduits à solliciter l'aumône et qui ne rougissent pas d'en faire un métier.</p> <p>Les pauvres honteux n'osent pas demander les secours que leur position réclame ; ils préfèrent souffrir. Nulle infortune n'est plus touchante que la leur : c'est une obligation de la découvrir et de la soulager.</p> <p>L'aumône est le premier devoir qu'impose la charité ou amour du prochain ; lorsqu'un homme s'offre à nous avec la recommandation du malheur, ne demandons rien de plus ; aidons-le, secourons-le. La plus belle aumône à faire aux gens de cœur à qui le travail manque, c'est de leur en procurer ; quant aux autres, donnons avec mesure ce qui convient et en proportion de nos ressources ; donnons de préférence aux vieillards impotents, aux malades, aux infirmes incapables de se livrer à un métier quelconque ; mais gardons une certaine réserve et montrons du discernement. S'il en était autrement, on courrait le risque d'augmenter le nombre de ces incurables vagabonds de tout âge à qui l'aumône fournit les moyens de satisfaire les honteuses passions de l'ivrognerie et de la fainéantise.</p> <p>Dans les villes, il est sage de remettre son offrande aux bureaux de bienfaisance, dont la mission est de répartir les secours selon ce qu'exigent les circonstances. Donner à ces mendiants valides et importuns qui pullulent dans certains quartiers, est une mauvaise action ou plutôt une générosité imprudente.</p> <p>Un pauvre doit solliciter l'aumône poliment et remercier, quelle que soit l'offrande.</p> <p>Chacun peut faire l'aumône, et la plus profitable est souvent un conseil, une indication grâce à laquelle on trouve du travail ; les enfants mêmes doivent se montrer charitables et ne point hésiter à se priver du superflu pour soulager d'honorables et pressantes misères. Ils donneront de bonne grâce, avec un mot aimable, encourageant ; on l'a dit avec raison : « La manière de donner vaut mieux que ce qu'on donne. ».</p> </div> </div> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head type="sujets">Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item> — Que sont les nuages ?</item> <item>— Que s'y formet-il selon les saisons ?</item> <item>— Expliquer ce qu'est : la pluie, la neige, le grésil, la grêle.</item> <item>— Que marque le baromêtre ?</item> <item>— Sur quoi peut-il donner des indications ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Une partie de l'eau des mers, des rivières, des lacs et de celle que contient le sol, se réduit en vapeur.</p> <p>Quand cette vapeur, dont l'air est imprégné, se refroidit, elle prend une teinte grise qui indique qu'elle se condense, c'est-à-dire revient à l'état liquide sous forme de bulles infiniment petites.</p> <p>Les brouillards sont des masses de vapeur d'eau qui, volatilisées dans l'atmosphère, en occupent les basses régions.</p> <pb n="496" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_496.jpg"/> <fw type="header">496 SUZETTE.</fw> <p>Les nuages ne sont autre chose que des amas de vapeurs transformées en petites gouttelettes, et qui se maintiennent dans les hautes régions de l'atmosphère. Selon les saisons, il s'y forme de la pluie, de la neige, du grésil, de la grêle.</p> <p>La pluie est la chute, à l'état de gouttelettes, de l'eau provenant de la condensation des vapeurs nuageuses.</p> <p>La neige est de la vapeur condensée que le froid a solidifiée en petits cristaux étoilés, d'une blancheur très pure, et qui flottent dans l'atmosphère avant de tomber sur le sol.</p> <p>La pluie qui tombe sur la terre glacée forme du verglas.</p> <p>Le grésil est la chute de petits grains de vapeurs condensées et gelées ; elle a lieu surtout aux mois de mars et d'avril. La grèle est une chute de morceaux de glace, plus ou moins arrondis et volumineux, qui a lieu durant la saison d'été et aux heures les plus chaudes de la journée ; elle accompagne ordinairement les orages.</p> <p>Le baromètre est un instrument qui sert à mesurer la pression de l'air, à la surface du sol principalement. Il est formé d'un tube rempli de mercure, recourbé et ouvert à l'extrémité de sa plus petite branche. Selon que la pression de l'air est plus ou moins forte, le niveau du mercure descend ou monte dans la plus petite branche et, par conséquent, monte ou descend dans la plus grande, divisée en degrés.</p> <p>On a remarqué que les plus fortes pressions atmosphériques coincidaient avec le beau temps, et les plus basses avec la pluie et les orages. On a tiré de là des indications précieuses relatives aux changements de temps.</p> </div> </div> <div type="économie_domestique"> <head type="sujets">Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item>— Etablir pour un mois, et par doit et avoir le livre de caisse d'un ménage.</item> <item>— Balancer les comptes à la fin de chaque semaine.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <head>LIVRE DE CAISSE</head> <table> <row> <cell/> <cell>Doit.</cell> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>Avoir.</cell> <cell/> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>fr.</cell> <cell>c.</cell> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>fr.</cell> <cell>c.</cell> </row> <row> <cell>Juillet</cell> <cell>1er</cell> <cell>4 k. 500 pain à 9,45.</cell> <cell>2</cell> <cell>02</cell> <cell>Juillet</cell> <cell>1er</cell> <cell>Montant de la semaine</cell> <cell/> <cell/> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell>»</cell> <cell>1 k. 250 veau à 2, 10.</cell> <cell>2</cell> <cell>62</cell> <cell/> <cell>de travail du père..</cell> <cell>30 »</cell> <cell/> <cell/> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell>2</cell> <cell>0 k. 500 sel à 0,30..</cell> <cell>»</cell> <cell>15</cell> <cell/> <cell>»</cell> <cell>Coupon de rente 4 1/2</cell> <cell>15</cell> <cell>25</cell> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell>»</cell> <cell>4 m. 25 toile à 1, 80.</cell> <cell>7</cell> <cell>65</cell> <cell/> <cell>4</cell> <cell>Vente d'une vielle</cell> <cell/> <cell/> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell>»</cell> <cell>1 paire de bottines.</cell> <cell>12</cell> <cell>50</cell> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>table .....</cell> <cell>3</cell> <cell>70</cell> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell>»</cell> <cell>1 l. 250 hulle pètrole</cell> <cell>»</cell> <cell>00</cell> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> <cell/> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>....</cell> <cell/> <cell>__</cell> <cell>__</cell> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>——</cell> <cell>——</cell> </row> <row> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>Total de la semaine.</cell> <cell>»</cell> <cell>»</cell> <cell/> <cell/> <cell>Total de la semaine.</cell> <cell>»</cell> <cell>»</cell> </row> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
138. — Mauvais temps. 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"schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch138"> <pb n="488" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_488.jpg"/> <head>138. — Mauvais temps. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>La bise sifflait, balayant les feuilles mortes. Déjà, aux derniers jours d'octobre, des flocons de neige voltigeaient dans l'air. Sous le ciel gris, le rude hiver s'avançait.</p> <p>Ce jour-là, le village de <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName> paraissait triste, quoiqu'on y connût depuis longtemps la bise et la neige ; les fronts étaient soucieux. </p> <p>Des bruits d'arrêt de travail et de baisse de salaire arrivaient des environs. Et, comme au spectacle de la grêle ravageant les champs voisins le laboureur tremble pour les siens, les tisseurs de <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName> tremblaient de voir fondre aussi sur eux la grande misère du chômage*<note type="annotation">Chômage. Temps pondant lequel le travail est suspendu.</note>. </p> <p>La ferme, moins directement intéressée à la crainte générale, n'en était pas moins préoccupée, car on y savait penser à la peine d'autrui.</p> <p>Suzette achevait de ranger dans l'armoire son linge tout éblouissant de blancheur.</p> <p>Certes, il n'y avait pas de luxe, et les draps, par exemple, n'étaient pas de cette toile dont vingt aunes*<note type="annotation">Aune. Ancienne mesura égale à 1m20.</note> <pb n="489" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_489.jpg"/> <fw type="header">MAUVAIS TEMPS. 489</fw> roulées passaient, comme dit le vieux conte, par le trou d'une aiguille ; non, mais c'était de bonne toile de lin au fil bien rond, bien tors, rappelant celui que filaient jadis à la quenouille les « fileresses », nos mères.</p> <p>Quelle bonne odeur fraiche en sortait après la lessive, l'herbée*<note type="annotation">Herbée.Exposition du linge sur l'herbe.</note>, le repassage ! Et comme on le choyait ! Ne nous parlez pas d'une ménagère sans souci de son linge. Ici on avait une devise : « Fais bien ce que tu fais. » Aussi repassait-on comme on lessivait et rangeait. C'est une besogne proprette que le repassage. Et <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> la faisait d'ordinaire en caraco rose ou lilas, ce qui lui donnait un air de fleur printanière.</p> <figure> <caption> Fers à repasser. 1 et 2. Fer ordinaire des blanchisseuses ; — 3 et 4. Fers creux dans lesquels on met de la braise ou un charbon allumés ; — 5. Fer spéclal pour repasser les bonnets : on chauffe la demi-boule qui surmonte la tige et l'on passe ensulte sur cette demi-boule le bonnet, que l'on tient avec les mains ; — 6. Fer à tuyauter pour les étoffes empesées et les dentelles.</caption> </figure> <p>Tant qu'il s'agissait du linge plat, mouchoirs, taies d'oreillers, serviettes, etc., elle chantait. Et pan ! pan ! pan ! allez, le fer ! Et pan ! pan ! pan ! revenez-y !</p> <p>Mais au linge empesé, cols, manchettes, chemises d'homme, son visage devenait sérieux. Attentivement <pb n="490" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_490.jpg"/> <fw type="header">490 SUZETTE.</fw> elle approchait de sa joue le fer pour bien juger de son degré de chaleur. Et alors, c'était une façon posée de le glisser sur les cols, les poignets, les plastrons, de souffler sur la moindre poussière, de gratter prestement les petits amas d'amidon pour les empêcher de se fixer là, d'y former ces sortes de galettes si laides à l'œil et qui affichent si bien l'inexpérience de l'ouvrière.</p> <p>Elle n'était pas arrivée du premier coup à ce talent. <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName>, que la coquetterie n'étouffait pourtant pas, avait jadis plus d'une fois souri devant les arabesques de faux plis, les empreintes de fer décorant ses plastrons de chemise.</p> <p>Aujourd'hui, vous pouvez mettre vos lunettes, papa, regarder ! même au microscope*<note type="annotation">Microscope. Instrumuent qui grossit les objets qu'on y regarde.</note>... non, pas ça à reprendre Et alors, c'était une façon posée de le glisser sur les cols, les poignets, les plastrons, de souffler sur la moindre poussière.... Comme elle posait sur le dernier rayon de l'armoire la dernière rangée de mouchoirs de poche, <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> entra, le visage grave. Elle se retourna :</p> <p>— Père, qu'y a-t-il ?... Ah ! le chômage ! </p> <p>— Non, ma fille, pas encore, mais la baisse des salaires. Les meilleurs ouvriers, ceux qui gagnaient quarante sous, ne pourront aller au delà de trente ou trente-cinq.</p> <p>Elle leva les mains au ciel. Elle savait ce que sont trente sous et même quarante, dans une maison de quatre, six, huit personnes :</p> <p>— Que vont faire ces pauvres gens ?</p> <pb n="491" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_491.jpg"/> <fw type="header">MAUVAIS TEMPS. 491</fw> <p>— L'entrepreneur*<note type="annotation">Entrepreneur, Celui qui se charge d'exécuter un travail considérable.</note> n'est pas un méchant homme ; il leur a montré ses comptes ; la concurrence étrangère l'écrase. Ils ont accepté. </p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Décrivez les premiers jours de la mauvaise saison.</item> <item>— Quels bruits arrivaient des environs ?</item> <item>— Quelle sorte d'ouvriers renfermait le village ?</item> <item>— Pourquoi s'affligeait-on à la ferme de la baisse des salaires ?</item> <item>— Que faisait <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> durant l'après-midi ?</item> <item>— Qu'était son linge ?</item> <item>— Quels soins lui donnait-elle ?</item> <item>— Quel est l'objet du repassage ?</item> <item>— Faites connaître les diverses sortes de fers.</item> <item>— Comment s'y prenait la jeune fille pour repasser : 1° le gros linge,</item> <item>— 2° le linge fin ?</item> <item>— Que savez vous de ses débuts dans l'art de repasser ?</item> <item>— Pourquoi <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> avait-il le visage grave en rentrant ?</item> <item>— Que dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ?</item> <item>— Qu'entend-on par concurrence ; — par concurrence étrangère ?</item> <item>— Quel était l'effet de cette dernière concurrence ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="composition"> <head type="sujets">Composition.</head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item> — Aspect que présente en hiver soit un village avec la campagne environnante, soit la ville.</item> <item>— Plaisirs et misères de l'hiver.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>(Voir <title>COURS DE COMPOSITION FRANÇAISE (Degré supérieur), Partie du maître, par <persName type="historique">E. LAPORTE</persName></title>, page 300.)</p> </div> </div> <div type="industrie"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item>— DE LA TOILE.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que la toile ?</item> <item>— De quelles plantes textiles proviennent les fils avec lesquels on fabrique les toiles ?</item> <item>— Qualités et défauts de chacune de ces sortes de toiles.</item> <item>— Blanchiment des toiles.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>La toile est un tissu de fils de lin, de chanvre et de coton. Par analogie, on donne encore ce nom à quelques autres tissus : toiles métalliques, toile d'amiante. On fabrique la toile avec des métiers mis en œuvre par les tisserands, qui sont très nombreux dans les villes manufacturières du <placeName>Nord</placeName>, de l'<placeName>Est</placeName> et dans quelques villes des autres régions, telles que <placeName key="Flers" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q148263">Flers</placeName>, <placeName key="Cholet" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q185066">Cholet</placeName>, <placeName key="Rouen" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q30974">Rouen</placeName>.</p> <p>Les toiles de lin et de chanvre sont résistantes et de longue durée ; elles ne blessent pas les peaux délicates, mais elles donnent une sensation désagréable de froid lorsqu'elles sont mouillées par la transpiration. Celles de coton sont plus chaudes et ne présentent pas l'inconvénient que nous venons de signaler ; mais elles ont le défaut de causer souvent des démangeaisons par les aspérités de leur tissu. Enfin, si elles ont l'avantage de coûter moins que les autres, elles durent peu, surtout dans les villes, où l'on use de procédés destructeurs pour blanchir le linge.</p> <p>BLANCHIMENT DES TOILES. — Le blanchiment qu'il ne faut pas confondre avec le blanchissage, est une opération qui a pour objet de donner une blancheur convenable aux toiles récemment tissées qui ne sont pas destinées à être teintes.</p> <p>Le procédé le plus commun consiste à laver la toile dans une dissolution de potasse et de soude, puis de l'étendre pendant des semaines entières, jour et nuit, sur l'herbe des prairies. On emploie une méthode beaucoup plus expéditive dans les grandes fabriques, au détriment toutefois de la solidité de la toile ; on plonge le tissu dans une dissolution de chlore ou on l'expose simplement à l'action de ce gaz.</p> <p>N. B. — Le chlore est un gaz de couleur verdâtre qui provoque une toux violente quand on le respire, et qui jouit de la propriété de détruire les couleurs végétales. Aussi ne l'emploie-t-on jamais pour la <pb n="492" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_492.jpg"/> <fw type="header">492 SUZETTE.</fw> laine et la soie, qu'il réduirait en bouillie. On blanchit la laine à la vapeur du soufre.</p> </div> </div> <div type="économie_domestique"> <head type="sujets">Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item> — Avec quelle toile feriez-vous de préférence : des draps de lit, des nappes, des serviettes, des essuie-mains, des torchons, des mouchoirs, du linge de corps ?</item> <item>— Manière de préparer l'amidon et le linge qu'on veut repasser.</item> <item>— Comment fait-on chauffer les fers ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Les meilleures toiles pour le linge de ménage, comme draps, serviettes, nappes, essuie-mains, torchons, sont celles de chanvre. On préfère cependant la toile de lin pour le linge fin. Celle de coton s'emploie pour les chemises, guimpes, cols, poignets, jupons ; elle ne coûte guère et prend au blanchissage une belle couleur blanche.</p> <p>En faisant tomber de l'eau sur de la farine, cette eau entraîne une substance qui la colore en blanc et se dépose au fond du vase où l'on a recueilli le liquide. Séchée et réduite en poudre, on lui donne le nom d'amidon. L'autre partie de la farine est une matière molle, gluante, élastique qu'on appelle gluten ; c'est la partie nourrissante au pain. On trouve encore l'amidon dans les pommes de terre, les haricots, les pois, mais alors on le désigne sous le nom de fécule.</p> <p>L'amidon est sans odeur ni saveur : c'est une poudre blanche et brillante, insoluble dans l'eau froide. Traitée par l'eau bouillante, elle se convertit en une gelée connue sous le nom d'empois, qui sert à donner au linge qu'on repasse une certaine fermeté et un certain éclat.</p> <p>On fait chauffer les fers sur un fourneau à charbon qu'on a soin de placer sous le manteau d'une cheminée ou au dehors, à cause du dégagement de gaz malsains qui se produirait sur un poêle, un fourneau de cuisine et même devant le foyer. On se sert encore pour cet usage de la flamme du gaz d'éclairage.</p> </div> </div> <div type="calcul"> <head type="sujets">Calcul.</head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item> — Que coûtent, dans votre commune, le blanchissage et le repassage de 3 bonnets de nuit, de 6 cols, de 4 guimpes, de 12 mouchoirs de poche, de 3 pantalons, de 2 jupons blancs tuyautés ? (Disposer ce compte sous forme de facture.)</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p><persName type="fictif">FOURNER Eléonore</persName>, blanchisseuse à <placeName key="Chailly-en-Bière" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1168042">Chailly-en-Bière</placeName> (S.-et-M.).</p> <p>Doit <persName type="fictif">Mlle LENOIR Henriette</persName>, le blanchissage de :</p> <p>3 bonnets de nuit à .. fr... l'un........</p> <p>6 cols... ... à .. fr... l'un ...</p> <p>—</p> <p>TOTAL...... </p> <p>Pour acquit :</p> <p><placeName key="Chailly-en-Bière" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1168042">Chailly-en-Bière</placeName>, le 28 juillet 1878.</p> <p><persName type="fictif">E. FOURNIER</persName>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
136. — Extraits des Lettres de Jacques. 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"schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch136"> <pb type="page" n="478" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_478.jpg"/> <head>136. — Extraits des Lettres de Jacques. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>« <placeName>Fort-de-France</placeName>, <placeName>Martinique</placeName>.</p> <p>« Cher père,</p> <p>« Ma première lettre d'arrivée ne contenait que quelques mots ; le courrier pour la <placeName>France</placeName> allait partir. Voici la seconde que je vous promettais.</p> <p>« C'est par le chemin des écoliers que nous sommes venus ; on a voulu nous aguerrir à la mer, nous dit le commandant. De <placeName key="Cherbourg" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3667188">Cherbourg</placeName> à <placeName key="Brest" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12193">Brest</placeName>, à <placeName key="Saint-Nazaire" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q152027">Saint-Nazaire</placeName>, à <placeName key="Bordeaux" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1479">Bordeaux</placeName>, puis aux côtes de l'<placeName key="Spain" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q29">Espagne</placeName>, du <placeName key="Portugal" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q45">Portugal</placeName> et de l'<placeName key="Africa" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15">Afrique</placeName> jusqu'au <placeName key="Senegal" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1041">Sénégal</placeName>, et même à la <placeName key="Guinea" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1006">Guinée</placeName>, nous avons touché un peu partout, mais sans le loisir de regarder beaucoup autour de nous.</p> <p>« Pendant ce temps, notre <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, comme elle me l'avait annoncé par sa dernière lettre, suivait attentivement des yeux, sur la carte, notre vaisseau de parallèle* <note type="annotation">Parallèle. Cercle parallèle à l'équateur figuré sur la sphère ou les cartes.</note> en parallèle, de méridien* <note type="annotation">Méridien. Cercle qui fait le tour de la terre en passant par les pôles.</note> en méridien, par la ligne directe de <placeName key="Cherbourg" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3667188">Cherbourg</placeName> à la <placeName key="Martinique" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17054">Martinique</placeName>.</p> <p>« Enfin nous touchons l'île que <persName key="Christopher Columbus" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7322">Christophe Colomb</persName> découvrit le 12 octobre 1492.</p> <p>« Ah ! c'est une douce émotion de retrouver la patrie à quinze cents lieues d'elle, de pouvoir presser des mains <pb type="page" n="479" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_479.jpg"/> de tout côté tendues ! Toute la ville a joyeusement fêté les nouveaux venus de la grande <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName>.</p> <p>« Mais c'est le soir de l'arrivée que j'ai vu la marque la plus touchante de sympathie. Je prenais l'air aux abords de la citadelle pour reconnaître un peu les environs. Un nègre passait, en train de manger un morceau de canne à sucre. Il s'arrêtà, nous liâmes conversation : </p> <p>« — Hé ! dit-il de son accent créole, vous arrivez de <figure> <caption>Vaisseau de guerre cuirassé, Certains vaisseaux de guerre sont revêtus de plaques d'acier qui les protègent contre les boulets et les obus. Les vaisseaux de guerre sont attachés aux ports militaires de <placeName key="Cherbourg" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3667188">Cherbourg</placeName>, <placeName key="Brest" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12193">Brest</placeName>, <placeName key="Lorient" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q71724">Lorient</placeName>, <placeName key="Rochefort" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q207587">Rochefort</placeName> et <placeName key="Toulon" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q44160">Toulon</placeName> ; ils sont destinés à défendre les côtes de la <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName>, les colonies et à lutter, en cas de guerre, contre les navires des autres puissances.</caption> </figure> <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName> ? — Et chaleureusement il me parla de son désir de voir, avant de fermer les yeux, la terre libératrice ; puis il ajouta : </p> <p>« —Les pauvres pères noirs ! ils vécurent et moururent méprisés, fouaillés comme des chiens. Mais la loi française a aboli l'esclavage ; leurs fils sont Français ! citoyens d'une grande République !</p> <p>« — Oui, lui dis-je, nous sommes frères ! </p> <p>« A ce mot, il se mit à pleurer en me pressant la main.</p> <p>« II s'appelle <persName type="fictif">Philémon</persName>. Il est menuisier. Sur sa demande, je suis allé le voir. Il m'a présenté sa femme, ses deux enfants, bonnes gens très doux. Voilà des amis.</p> <p>« Le soldat porte ici, comme un bourgeois, un vaste <pb type="page" n="480" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_480.jpg"/> chapeau de paille contre les insolations* <note type="annotation">Insolation. Grave maladie causée par une trop longue station au soleil.</note> . Car ce soleil du tropique* <note type="annotation">Tropiques. Cercles figurés au N. et au S. de l'équateur à 13°27' de distance.</note> ne flâne jamais comme chez nous. Toujours en train de chauffer, de brûler. Et malgré la soif, ordre de ne pas boire, surtout de liqueurs fortes. Les intempérants sont enlevés en peu de jours.</p> <p>« Dans les premiers moments, <persName type="fictif" key="sylvain">Sylvain</persName> et moi, nous avons beaucoup plus souffert ici de la soif que le cousin <persName type="fictif" key="pascal">Pascal</persName> dans le désert du , quand il n'y trouvait pas l'oasis — vous vous rappelez ? — Mais la raison et la volonté nous ont acheminés assez vite à l'habitude qui fait tout endurer.</p> <p>« Contre le soleil aussi, il faut une nourriture légère. A la <placeName key="Martinique" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17054">Martinique</placeName>, bien des gens se contentent pour leur repas d'un morceau de canne à sucre, de lait de coco ou de quelque igname, patate, banane, mangue, <figure> <caption>Tige de manioc.</caption> </figure> orange ; tous ces fruits sont délicieux, avec des saveurs intenses que leur donne le soleil.</p> <p>« Le pain est assez étrange et mauvais, fait de râpures de manioc ; ce manioc, vous le connaissez au moins par sa fécule que nous appelons, en <placeName key="Europe" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q46">Europe</placeName>, tapioca. On n'a pas pu décider le froment à s'acclimater ici.</p> <p>« Figurez-vous qu'hier, en promenade, nous avons traversé un bois d'orangers. Quelle merveille pour les yeux et l'odorat que tout cet or et ce parfum ! Chacun, après s'être désaltéré et rassasié d'oranges, en a rempli ses poches.</p> <p>« Mais quelque chose de plus singulier encore, c'est, au retour, le spectacle d'un légume trônant, sur la place, au milieu d'un étal de fruitière.</p> <p>« Celle-ci, une mulâtresse, coiffée d'un madras jaune, <pb type="page" n="481" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_481.jpg"/> se tenait derrière, avec un sourire de triomphe. Autour d'elle, un cercle de curieux en arrêt. Et quel était ce prodige, s'il vous plait ?</p> <p>« Eh bien ! c'était un chou cabus, et pas trop frais, ni trop beau. Nous regardions ce pauvre compatriote avec attendrissement. Il avait été cédé à la fruitière par le cuisinier d'un navire venu de <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName> ; elle nous le dit.</p> <p>« Puis des amateurs sont arrivés. Et comme il fallait contenter tout le monde, le cabus s'en est allé, feuille par feuille, à quatre, six, huit et même dix sous la feuille, selon la qualité. Elle en a retiré six francs. La rareté, c'est la cherté.</p> <p>« <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, ma mignonne, si vous ne trouvez pas à placer vos choux au marché de <placeName key="Saint-Quentin" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q182744">Saint-Quentin</placeName>, vous avez ici un superbe débouché. Il n'est qu'à quinze cents lieues ; mais nous avons bien fait ce bout de chemin !</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Quelle route suivirent <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName> et <persName type="fictif" key="sylvain">Sylvain</persName> pour se rendre de <placeName key="Cherbourg" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3667188">Cherbourg</placeName> à la <placeName key="Martinique" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17054">Martinique</placeName> ? </item> <item>— Où <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> trouva-t-elle le tracé de cette route ?</item> <item>— Que rappelle la date du 12 octobre 1492 ? </item> <item>— Que retrouvèrent-ils en débarquant ? </item> <item>— Racontez la rencontre que <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName> fit d'un nègre affranchi. </item> <item>— Quel est le costume du soldat aux colonies ? </item> <item>— Quelle règle d'hygiène lui est imposée en ce qui concerne les boissons ?</item> <item>— Quelle fut, au début, la plus grande souffrance des doux jeunes militaires ? </item> <item>— Quel régime de nourriture suit-on dans les climats tropicaux ? </item> <item>— De quelle matière est fait le pain ? </item> <item>— Racontez l'épisode du bois d'orangers.</item> <item>— Racontez encore comment un chou fut reçu, dépecé et acheté par les Européens sur le marché de <placeName key="Fort-de-France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q81621">Fort-de-France</placeName>.</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="géographie"> <head type="sujets">Géographie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Croquis de l' ; y figurer par une ligne pointée le voyage de <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName>.</item> <item>— Indiquer l'équateur, les tropiques, par de grosses lignes, — le 40° méridien à l'ouest de <placeName key="Paris" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q90">Paris</placeName> et le 20° paralièle nord.</item> <item>— Dessiner le groupe des <placeName key="Antilles" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q166131">Antilles</placeName>.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>(L'<placeName key="Atlantic Ocean" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q97">Atlantique</placeName> est compris entre le littoral de l'<placeName key="Europe" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q46">Europe</placeName> et de l'<placeName key="West Africa" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4412">Afrique occidentales</placeName> et celui de l'<placeName>Amérique orientale</placeName> ; on tracera ces limites. Le groupe des <placeName key="Antilles" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q166131">Antilles</placeName> fera l'objet d'une seconde carte ; il comprendra les grandes et les <placeName key="Lesser Antilles" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q93259">petites Antilles</placeName>, et l'on indiquera le littoral, dans tout le pourtour du grand golfe où émergent ces îles.)</p> </div> </div> <div type="composition"> <head type="sujets">Composition.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Récit de la découverte de l'<placeName key="Americas" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q828">Amérique</placeName>.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <note>(Voir page 294 de ce livre.)</note> </div> </div> <div type="industrie"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Dire ce qu'est un bateau, une chaloupe, un vaisseau.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>On appelle bateau une construction de bois creusée à l'intérieur, et à laquelle on donne une forme allongée en pointe à l'avant pour l'aider à mieux fendre l'eau. On fait avancer un bateau avec une perche là où le lit de la rivière a peu de profondeur, à la rame ou à la voile dans les autres cas.</p> <p>Une chaloupe est un fort bateau non ponté dont on se sert principa<pb type="page" n="482" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_482.jpg"/> lement dans les vorts et les rades ; on l'embarque aussi sur les navires pour le service des marins.</p> <p>Un vaisseau est un grand bateau ponté, c'est-à-dire recouvert d'une sorte de plancher sa partie supérieure ; il est construit de manière à pouvoir transporter des hommes et des marchandises sur mer et sur les grands fleuves. On donne le nom de vaisseau aux navires de guerre.</p> </div> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>DESCRIPTION D'UN VAISSEAU. </item> <item>— Parler de la coque, de la quille, de la cale, des ponts, des sabords, de la proue, de la poupe, du gouvernail, de l'ancre, des mâts, des vergues, des voiles. </item> <item>— Quels services rendent les navires de guerre (1) ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>La première chose que l'on remarque dans un vaisseau, est l'enveloppe extérieure, ou coque, faite de fortes planches de chne clouées sur des madriers fixés à la partie inférieure d'une longue pièce de bois connue sous le nom de quille. Il existe des vaisseaux dont la coque est en fer. On appelle cale l'espace réservé aux marchandises dans la partie intérieure du navire. Afin d'empêcher l'accès des vagues dans l'intérieur du bâtiment, on recouvre la coque d'un solide plancher, ou pont, au-dessous duquel d'autres ponts divisent le vaisseau en plusieurs étages. Pour la ventilation et pour donner accès à la lumière, on pratique sur le pourtour de petites ouvertures, les sabords, dont un certain nombre donnent passage à la gueule des canons. L'avant du navire, autrement dit, la proue, est tranchant ; l'arrière est arrondi : c'est la poupe, à laquelle le gouvernail est fixé ; le gouvernail est une pièce mobile de bois qui, selon la position qu'on lui donne, imprime au bâtiment telle ou telle direction. A la proue sont suspendues les ancres, énormes pièces de fer dont les branches recourbées et aigus se fixent au fond de la mer pour arrêter le vaisseau et le maintenir on un endroit donné. La balustrade qui entoure le pont est connue sous le nom de bastingages.</p> <p>Sur le pont, on remarque les mâts, longues pièces de bois ou de fer maintenues par de solides cordages et croisées par les vergues, barres transversales qui portent les voiles. Le mât du milieu est le grand mat ; celui qui est à l'avant est le mât de beaupré ; l'autre, le mât d'artimon.</p> <p>Actuellement, la plupart des vaisseaux de guerre sont pourvus d'une machine à vapeur faisant tourner une hélice, pièce de cuivre formée de quatre branches inclinées qui impriment au bâtiment une vitesse considérable, quelque chose comme 20 à 30 kilomètres à l'heure.</p> <p>Les vaisseaux de guerre défendent les côtes et les ports contre l'attaque des ennemis ; ils protègent sur mer les vaisseaux marchands et poursuivent les pirates.</p> </div> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>LA BOUSSOLE. </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que l'aimant ; — du fer aimante ? </item> <item>— Propriétés d'une aiguille aimantée librement suspendue.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'une boussole ? </item> <item>— Services qu'elle rend.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>L'aimant est un oxyde de fer qui jouit de la propriété d'attirer le fer et quelques autres métaux tels que le nickel, le cobalt et le chrome.</p> <p>Le fer aimanté ou plutôt l'acier aimanté est une barre ou une aiguille d'acier qui, par des frictions avec un aimant, en a acquis les propriêtés. Le fer aimanté de cette manière ne garde pas cette propriété.</p> <p>Une aiguille aimantée librement suspendue, à un fil, par exemple, ou posée sur un pivot autour duquel elle peut facilement tourner, se fixe, après une suite d'oscillations et de mouvements, dans la direction de la ligne du nord au sud.</p> <note cert="high" evaluate="all" place="top" type="footer" xml:space="default">(1) On donne le nom de navires aux vaisseaux affectés au transport des marchandises ; les paquebots sont ceux à qui l'on confie le service de la poste.</note> <pb type="page" n="483" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_483.jpg"/> <p>L'action directrice de la terre sur l'aiguille aimantée (dont la pointe se tourne vers le nord) a reçu une importante application dans la boussole marine. C'est une sorte de boite circulaire qui renferme une aiguille aimantée, posée sur un pivot. En la consultant, les marins reconnaissent immédiatement la direction du nord à toutes les heures et par tous les temps, ce qui leur permet de suivre sans erreur la route qui les doit mener à destination.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
135. — Affaires de cuisine et de famille. 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Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" 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Affaires de cuisine et de famille. </head> <div type="récit"> <p><persName type="fictif" key="madeleine">La Parisienne</persName> <eventName>manipula</eventName> les <objectName>œufs</objectName>, le<objectName> lait</objectName>, le <objectName>sucre</objectName> qui attendaient sur la<objectName> table</objectName>. Le <objectName>lait</objectName>, <objectName>sucré</objectName>, bouillit, se <eventName>mélangea</eventName> avec les <objectName>œufs battus</objectName>, le tout <objectName>aromatisé de vanille</objectName>, puis attendit. Une autre portion de <objectName>sucre</objectName> <eventName>cuisait</eventName>, et remplissait la maison d'une odeur particulière.</p> <p>— Ça <eventName>brûle</eventName> ! cria <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> qui entrait.</p> <p>— Ça ne <eventName>brûle</eventName> pas ! c'est le <objectName>caramel</objectName> !</p> <p>C'était le <objectName>caramel</objectName>, en effet. Il était là transparent, joliment vitrifié autour du <objectName>moule</objectName>.</p> <p>Un moment plus tard, la <objectName>crème</objectName> <eventName>se coagulait</eventName>*<note type="annotation"> Coaguler. Se dit d'un liquide épais qui prend de la consistance. </note> irréprochable, dans le<objectName> four du poêle</objectName>. Et, bientôt, une main légère et vive la <eventName>renversait</eventName> sur le<objectName> <objectName>plat</objectName></objectName>, tout d'une pièce, admirablement moulée, onctueuse, brune, caramélisée.</p> <p>—A toi, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ! A la <objectName>tarte</objectName> !</p> <p>Elle s'y mit.</p> <p>Ce fut d'abord un mélange assez confus des in-<pb type="page" n="474" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_474.jpg"/> grédients de la <objectName>pâte</objectName>, et au-dessus une paire de mains enfarinées qui <eventName>pétrissaient</eventName>, <eventName>allaient</eventName>, <eventName>voltigeaient</eventName>, <eventName>jouant</eventName> du <objectName>rouleau</objectName>, du <objectName>couteau</objectName> ; et ce fut ensuite une jolie <objectName>assiette de pâte</objectName> au triple bord gentiment tuyauté, et relevé encore d'un savant petit coup de <objectName>doroir</objectName>*<note type="annotation"> Doroir. Sorte de plume avec laquelle on dore les <objectName>pâtisseries</objectName>. </note>. Les <figure> <caption><objectName>Moules</objectName> à <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moules" xml:space="default">pâtisserie</objectName>. 1. <objectName>Moule</objectName> pour <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moules " xml:space="default">fromages</objectName> et <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moules " xml:space="default">crèmes</objectName> ; — 2. <objectName>Moule</objectName>, pour <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moule" xml:space="default">gâteau de riz</objectName> ; — 3. <objectName>Moule</objectName> pour <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moule" xml:space="default">gâteaux</objectName> divers ; — 4. <objectName>Mo<objectName/>ule</objectName> pour <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moule" xml:space="default">madeleines</objectName>; — 5. <objectName>Moule rond</objectName> pour <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moule" xml:space="default">pâ<objectName/>tés</objectName> ; — 6. <objectName>Moule ovale</objectName> pour <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moule ovale" xml:space="default">pâtés</objectName> ; — 7. <objectName>Moule</objectName> pour <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moule" xml:space="default">biscuits</objectName> ; — 8. <objectName>Cercle</objectName> pour les <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Cercle" xml:space="default">tartes</objectName> ; — 9. <objectName>Plaque</objectName> pour <eventName>mettre</eventName> au <objectName>four</objectName> les <objectName>galettes</objectName> et les <objectName>tartes</objectName>.</caption> </figure> <objectName>prunes de reine-Claude</objectName> préparées à l'avance, débarrassées de leurs <objectName>noyaux</objectName>, s'y rangèrent ; quelques bonnes pincées de<objectName> sucre en poudre</objectName> : — et preste au <objectName>four</objectName> vif !</p> <p>Quand elle en <eventName>sortit</eventName>, pour une <objectName>tarte</objectName> aux <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="tarte" xml:space="default">prunes</objectName>, c'était une <objectName>tarte</objectName> aux <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="tarte" xml:space="default">prunes</objectName> ! </p> <p>On la <eventName>posa</eventName> en face de la <objectName>crème renversée</objectName>. Les deux cordons bleus se regardèrent en souriant ; et se tournant ensemble du côté de la porte :</p> <p>— A table ! pour le prix ! crièrent-elles.</p> <p>Mais on ne vint pas. De l'autre côté de la porte, s'accomplissait aussi une importante affaire, entre <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> et le neveu <persName type="fictif" key="louis">Louis</persName> :</p> <p>— Vraiment ! tu veux l'emmener à <placeName>Paris</placeName>, le faire instruire dans la mécanique ?</p> <p>— Oui, mon oncle ; mieux vaut être un bon méca-<pb type="page" n="475" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_475.jpg"/> nicien qu'un mauvais laboureur. Vous traitez vos terres suivant leurs qualités ; il est bon aussi de traiter les esprits suivant leurs facultés. J'ai fait causer <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> ; ce n'est point un sot.</p> <p>— Parbleu, je le sais bien qu'il n'est point un sot !... Et <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> est de ton avis?</p> <p>— Oh ! il y a longtemps !</p> <p>— Voyez-vous ça !</p> <p>Visiblement, <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> achevait de se débattre, et quand <persName type="fictif" key="madeleine">Madeleine</persName> cria de nouveau : A table ! et que la porte s’ouvrit, il était complètement rendu.</p> <p>Un moment, en présence des deux<objectName> friandises</objectName>, la famille, avant de s'asseoir, tint conseil. <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> en fut. Il accepta la succession de <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName>, car celle de <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> ne comptait pas.</p> <p>— Eh bien, soit ! puisque tout le monde le veut, dit enfin le père.</p> <p>M. <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName>, qui, averti de la délibération, se tenait fort anxieux*<note type="annotation">Anxieux. Qui est en peine, embarrassé d’esprit. </note> au jardin, fut appelé. On l'informa de la décision. Tout ému de joie, il sauta successivement au cou de tout le monde.</p> <p>On se mit alors à table, où l'on prit une autre décision, également unanime, sur la question de la <objectName>crème renversée</objectName> et de la <objectName>tarte aux reines-Claude.</objectName></p> <p>Toutes deux <eventName>furent</eventName> couronnées ex æquo*<note type="annotation"> Ex æquo. A mérite égal. </note> — et achevées jusqu'à la dernière <objectName>miette</objectName>.</p> <p>Deux jours après, M. <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> bien chapitré, bien embrassé, partait pour la capitale avec <persName type="fictif" key="louis">Louis</persName> et <persName type="fictif" key="madeleine">Madeleine</persName>.</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Exposez la manière dont <persName type="fictif" key="madeleine">Madeleine</persName> <eventName>prépara</eventName> la <objectName>crème renversée.</objectName> </item> <item>— A quel moment <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> se mit-il à crier ?</item> <item>— Comment <eventName>acheva</eventName>-t-on la <objectName>crème</objectName> ?</item> <item>— Dites comment <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> s'y prit pour <eventName>confectionner</eventName> une <objectName>tarte aux prunes</objectName>.</item> <item>— Que <eventName>fit</eventName>-on quand la <objectName>tarte</objectName> <eventName>fut</eventName> cuite ? </item> <item>— Pourquoi ne vint-on pas à l'appel des deux cordons bleus ?</item> <item>— Racontez comment <persName type="fictif" key="louis">Louis</persName> décida son oncle à lui confier <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName>.</item> <item> — Quel conseil fut tenu avant de se mettre à table ? </item> <item>— Racontez le retour de <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> qui était resté au jardin. </item> <item>— Comment <eventName>apprécia</eventName>-t-on et <eventName>jugea</eventName>-t-on <objectName>crème</objectName> et <objectName>tarte</objectName> ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui se passa deux jours après ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="industrie"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Nommez des machines.</item> <item>— Indiquez quelques pièces qu'on rencontre dans presque toutes les machines ; — ce qui les met en mouvement quand elles sont très fortes.</item> <item>— Donnez la définition <pb type="page" n="476" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_476.jpg"/> d'une machine.</item> <item>— Services que rendent les machines. Exemples.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'un mécanicien ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Parmi les machines, on peut citer les horloges, les machines à coudre, les moulins, les locomotives, les pompes, les charrues, les grues, les lampes Carcel, etc. — Dans chacune d'elles, on rencontre des roues simples ou des roues dentées, des pièces qu'actionne la force motrice, des écrous, des boulons, des tiges métalliques.</p> <p>Lorsqu'il s'agit de mettre en mouvement des machines très puissantes, on a recours aux forces naturelles, telles que le vent, l'eau, la vapeur.</p> <p>Une machine est donc un ensemble de pièces fixes ou mobiles propre à faire mouvoir, à lever, à tirer, à traîner, à lancer quelque chose. Elle est mise en jeu par l'action directe de l'homme, d'un animal ou d'une force naturelle.</p> <p>On connaît les merveilleux effets de l'association des efforts vers un même but : c'est une force productive immense. En vain multiplierait-on cent fois par lui-même le travail d'un seul homme, il n'aura pas la centième partie de la puissance que possèdent les efforts combinés et simultanés de cent travailleurs tendant vers un même résultat. C'est ainsi que 10 ouvriers chargés chacun de l'une des opérations que nécessite la fabrication d'une épingle, en fabriquent 48,000 environ par jour, soit 4,800 par tête. S'ils avaient tous travaillé indépendamment les uns des autres, chacun n'eût certainement pas fabriqué vingt épingles.</p> <p>Les machines sont combinées de façon à réunir dans la main d'un seul travailleur les mille détails d'une fabrication qui, sans cela, en exigerait un grand nombre ; c'est ainsi que les machines exécutent en Angleterre le travail de douze cents millions d'hommes. Par elles, le travail de l'ouvrier est plus facile, moins fatigant et plus productif. On leur doit encore l'avantage précieux d'abaisser le prix des produits et de les mettre à la portée des consommateurs les moins aisés, Ainsi, par exemple, une Bible qui coûtait, avant l'invention de l'imprimerie, une somme correspondant à 3,200 francs de notre monnaie, peut être acquise aujourd'hui pour 4 à 5 francs.</p> <p>Un mécanicien est celui qui invente, construit ou dirige des machines.</p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="économie_domestique" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujeco_135"> <head type="sujets">Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Exposez comment on <eventName>bat</eventName> les <objectName>œufs</objectName>, — comment on <eventName>prépare</eventName> du <objectName>caramel</objectName>.</item> <item>— Usages du <objectName>caramel</objectName>.</item> </list> <list> <item>— Comment <eventName>feriez</eventName>-vous un <objectName>gâteau</objectName> simple, une <objectName>brioche</objectName>, une <objectName>tarte aux pommes</objectName> ou aux <objectName>confitures</objectName>, un <objectName>gâteau de Savoie</objectName> ? </item> <item>— Parlez des <objectName>moules à pâtisserie.</objectName></item> <item>— Donnez une idée de la confection d'un <objectName>pâté</objectName>.</item> <item>— Citez quelques villes dont les <objectName>pâtés</objectName> jouissent d'une certaine renommée.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Pour <eventName>battre</eventName> les <objectName>œufs</objectName>, en vue de faire, par exemple, des <objectName>œufs à la neige</objectName>, on <eventName>prend</eventName> des <objectName>œufs</objectName> que l'on <eventName>casse</eventName> en deux au-dessus d'un <objectName>plat creux</objectName> assez profond ; on <eventName>verse</eventName> les <objectName>blancs</objectName> dans ce <objectName>plat</objectName> en <eventName>transvasant</eventName> le <objectName>blanc</objectName> et le <objectName>jaune</objectName> successivement d'une <objectName>coquille</objectName> dans l'autre ; ensuite on <eventName>fouette</eventName> avec une <objectName>fourchette</objectName> dans un lieu frais.</p> <p>On entend par <objectName>caramel du sucre </objectName>qu'on a <eventName>fait fondre</eventName> sur le <objectName>feu</objectName> et même un peu <eventName>brûler</eventName>. Pour <eventName>préparer</eventName> du <objectName>caramel</objectName>, on <eventName>met</eventName> dans un <objectName>poêlon</objectName> 200 grammes de <objectName>sucre</objectName>, par exemple, et un <objectName>verre d'eau</objectName> ordinaire ; on <eventName>active</eventName> le <objectName>feu</objectName> de manière à <eventName>obtenir</eventName> une ébullition rapide. Bientôt le <objectName>caramel</objectName> <eventName>se forme</eventName>, et le liquide <eventName>prend</eventName> d'abord une teinte blonde qui <eventName>tourne</eventName> au brun. <eventName>Retirez</eventName> alors du <objectName>feu</objectName>, <eventName>versez</eventName> un <objectName>verre d’eau froide</objectName>, et <eventName>remettez</eventName> le tout sur le <objectName>feu</objectName> afin que la fusion <eventName>s'achève</eventName>.</p> <p>Le<objectName> caramel</objectName> sert à <eventName>colorer</eventName> le <objectName>bouillon du pot-au-feu</objectName>, à <eventName>dorer</eventName> certains <objectName>gâteaux</objectName>, la <objectName>crème renversée</objectName>, entre autres. </p> <pb type="page" n="477" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_477.jpg"/> <p><objectName>GATEAU SIMPLE</objectName> OU <objectName>GALETTE DE MÉNAGE</objectName>. —<eventName>Disposez</eventName> sur une <objectName>table</objectName> ou sur une de ces <objectName>planchettes rondes </objectName>préparées à cet effet, 500 grammes de <objectName>farine</objectName> très fine ; <eventName>mettez</eventName> dans un trou fait au milieu 300 grammes de <objectName>beurre </objectName>et 10 de <objectName>sel</objectName>. <eventName>Pétrissez</eventName> avec un <objectName>verre d'eau</objectName>, et pendant le cours de l'opération <eventName>versez</eventName> par portions un autre <objectName>verre</objectName>. <eventName>Fraisez</eventName> une fois la <objectName>pâte</objectName> ; au bout d'une heure, pendant laquelle on a <eventName>laissé</eventName> cette <objectName>pâte</objectName> au frais, <eventName>formez</eventName> et <eventName>dorez</eventName> la <objectName>galette</objectName> ; <eventName>faites</eventName> le dessin avec une pointe mousse de <objectName>couteau</objectName>, et <eventName>mettez</eventName> au <objectName>four</objectName> pendant une demi-heure.</p> <p><objectName>BRIOCHE</objectName>. — On <eventName>prépare</eventName> d'abord le <objectName>levain</objectName>, puis la <objectName>pâte</objectName>. Pour le <objectName>levain</objectName>, <eventName>mettre</eventName> dans une<objectName> assiette</objectName> 125 grammes de <objectName>fleur de farine</objectName>, 12 grammes de <objectName>levure</objectName> de <objectName>bière</objectName> ou 25 de <objectName>levain de pain</objectName>, et un <objectName>demi-verre d'eau tiède</objectName> ; <eventName>délayer</eventName> de manière à <eventName>obtenir</eventName> une <objectName>pâte molle</objectName> ; <eventName>couvrir</eventName> le tout d'une <objectName>assiette</objectName> et <eventName>déposer</eventName> dans un lieu chaud sous une <objectName>couverture</objectName>.</p> <p>Pour la <objectName>pâte</objectName>, <eventName>mettre</eventName> sur la <objectName>table</objectName> 300 grammes de <objectName>farine</objectName> et <eventName>placer</eventName>, dans un trou fait au milieu, un égal poids de <objectName>beurre</objectName>, 8 grammes de <objectName>sel</objectName>, un <objectName>demi-verre</objectName> de <objectName>lait </objectName>ou de<objectName> crème</objectName>, 9 <objectName>œufs</objectName> entiers. <eventName>Délayer</eventName> et <eventName>faire entrer</eventName> peu à peu la <objectName>farine</objectName> ; <eventName>pétrir</eventName> la <objectName>pâte</objectName> en <eventName>foulant</eventName> à plusieurs reprises avec la paume de la main ; <eventName>incorporer</eventName> le <objectName>levain</objectName> sans trop fatiguer la <objectName>pâte</objectName> ; <eventName>fariner</eventName> un <objectName>linge blanc</objectName> dont on <eventName>couvre</eventName> une <objectName>sébile</objectName>, une <objectName>terrine</objectName> ou une <objectName>corbeille à pain</objectName>. Y <eventName>placer</eventName> la <objectName>pâte</objectName> recouverte du <objectName>linge</objectName> et <eventName>laisser reposer</eventName> pendant 12 heures dans un lieu chaud à 15°. </p> <p>Au bout de ce temps, <eventName>aplatir</eventName> la <objectName>pâte</objectName>, en <eventName>replier</eventName> cinq ou six fois les bords vers le centre, et la <eventName>laisser reposer</eventName> encore 3 ou 4 heures, recouverte d'un <objectName>linge</objectName>. <eventName>Aplatir</eventName> encore deux fois, et <eventName>replier</eventName> les bords vers le centre sans la <eventName>fouler</eventName> ; <eventName>faire</eventName> alors une boule ; <eventName>donner</eventName> la forme ; <eventName>poser</eventName> la tête du morceau en le <eventName>collant</eventName> avec de l'<objectName>eau</objectName> ; <eventName>mettre</eventName> la <objectName>brioche</objectName> sur une <objectName>plaque de tôle</objectName> un peu beurrée, <eventName>dorer</eventName> et <eventName>enfourner</eventName> de suite à une bonne chaleur. Il faut environ une demi-heure de cuisson.</p> <p><objectName>TARTE AUX POMMES</objectName> OU AUX <objectName>CONFITURES</objectName>. — <eventName>Faites</eventName> de la <objectName>pâte brisée </objectName>; <eventName>étendez</eventName>-la mince et la <eventName>placez</eventName> sur une<objectName> tourtière plate</objectName> qui sera beurrée pour que rien ne s'y <eventName>attache</eventName>. <eventName>Coupez</eventName> la <objectName>pâte</objectName> qui <eventName>dépasse</eventName>. <eventName>Façonnez</eventName> le bord avec la pince et <eventName>dorez</eventName>-le.</p> <p><eventName>Faites cuire</eventName> la <objectName>pâte</objectName> à <objectName>four gai</objectName> après <eventName>avoir placé</eventName> contre les bords de la <objectName>tarte</objectName>, pour les <eventName>soutenir</eventName>, de la <objectName>farine,</objectName> du<objectName> papier</objectName> ou du <objectName>carton</objectName>. <eventName>Piquez</eventName> le fond afin d'<eventName>éviter</eventName> au <objectName>four</objectName> le soulèvement de la <objectName>pâte</objectName>.</p> <p><eventName>Placez</eventName> alors sur la <objectName>pâte cuite</objectName> les <objectName>fruits</objectName> dont on <eventName>aura enlevé</eventName> les noyaux et les queues. <eventName>Garnissez</eventName> votre<objectName> tarte </objectName>et <eventName>remettez</eventName>-la au <objectName>four</objectName>. Cette cuisson préalable de la <objectName>pâte</objectName> la <eventName>rend</eventName> plus croustillante que lorsqu'on <eventName>fait cuire</eventName> le tout ensemble. Cependant on <eventName>fait</eventName> aussi ces <objectName>tartes</objectName> en <eventName>mettant cuire</eventName> en même temps la <objectName>pâte</objectName> avec les <objectName>fruits</objectName> arrangés et bien serrés dessus.</p> <p>Dans les <objectName>tartes</objectName> aux <objectName>confitures</objectName>, on <eventName>remplace</eventName> les<objectName> fruits</objectName> par des <objectName>confitures</objectName>.</p> <p><objectName>GATEAU </objectName>OU <objectName>BISCUIT DE SAVOIE</objectName>. — <eventName>Séparez</eventName> avec beaucoup de soin les <objectName>jaunes</objectName> de cinq <objectName>œufs ;</objectName> <eventName>mettez</eventName>-les dans une<objectName> terrine</objectName> avec 250 grammes de <objectName>sucre</objectName> et le<objectName> zeste d'un citron râpé</objectName> sur le <objectName>sucre</objectName> avant de le <eventName>réduire</eventName> en <objectName>poudre</objectName> ; <eventName>battez</eventName> le tout. <eventName>Ajoutez</eventName> 125 grammes de <objectName>farine séchée au four</objectName> et passée au tamis pour <eventName>éviter</eventName> les <objectName>grumeaux</objectName>, de la <objectName>fleur d'oranger pralinée, hachée fin</objectName>, en <eventName>battant</eventName> encore le tout. <eventName>Faites</eventName> ce <objectName>mélange</objectName> légèrement pour ne pas <eventName>donner</eventName> trop de corps à la <objectName>pâte</objectName>, ce qui l'<eventName>empécherait</eventName> de <eventName>faire</eventName> son effet au <objectName>four</objectName>.</p> <p><eventName>Fouettez</eventName> dans une autre terrine les <objectName>blancs</objectName> de telle manière qu'ils <eventName>soient</eventName> durs au point de <eventName>supporter</eventName> une pièce de deux francs ; <eventName>mêlez</eventName> ces <objectName>blancs</objectName> avec les <objectName>jaunes</objectName> peu à peu au moyen de la cuiller, et en <eventName>soulevant</eventName> la <objectName>pâte</objectName> sans la <eventName>battre</eventName>. </p> <pb type="page" n="478" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_478.jpg"/> <p>Vous <eventName>avez</eventName> à l'avance <eventName>beurré </eventName>un<objectName> moule</objectName> ou une <objectName>casserole</objectName> et <eventName>saupoudré</eventName> ce <objectName>beurre de sucre</objectName> ; <eventName>mettez</eventName>-y votre <objectName>pâte</objectName>, en <eventName>prenant</eventName> soin qu'elle ne <eventName>remplisse</eventName> que la moitié du <objectName>moule</objectName>. <eventName>Placez</eventName> celui-ci sur un <objectName>feu doux de cendres</objectName>, avec<objectName> feu plus vif </objectName>sur le <objectName>couvercle</objectName> et sous le <objectName>four de campagne</objectName>. Au bout d'une heure, le <objectName>gâteau</objectName> est parfaitement cuit. <eventName>Démoulez</eventName>-le presque froid.</p> <p><objectName>MOULES</objectName>. — On appelle <objectName>moule</objectName> un <objectName>objet creux taillé</objectName> et façonné de telle sorte que la <objectName>matière molle</objectName> ou détrempée qu'on y <eventName>introduit</eventName> <eventName>reçoit</eventName> une forme déterminée. Les <objectName>moules à pâtisserie</objectName> sont ordinairement en fer-blanc.</p> <p><objectName>PATÉ DE CAMPAGNE</objectName>. — <eventName>Hachez</eventName> 500 grammes de <objectName>veau</objectName> et 250 grammes de <objectName>chair à saucisses</objectName> et <eventName>assaisonnez</eventName> à volonté. <eventName>Placez</eventName> cette <objectName>farce</objectName> à froid sur une <objectName>abaisse de pâte</objectName> <eventName>faite</eventName> comme la <objectName>pâte brisée</objectName> pour <objectName>galettes</objectName> ; <eventName>posez</eventName> le tout sur une <objectName>plaque de four</objectName> de 0m,32. <eventName>Recouvrez</eventName> d'une pareille abaisse ; <eventName>dorez</eventName> et <eventName>faites cuire</eventName> trois quarts d'heure environ dans un <objectName>four</objectName> quelconque. Il faut un litre et demi de <objectName>farine</objectName>. (D'après <persName type="historique">Audot</persName>, <title>Cuisinière pratique</title>.)</p> <p>Les<objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" xml:space="default" key="pâtés de foies gras" type="pâté"> pâtés de foies gras de <placeName key="Strasbourg" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6602">Strasbourg</placeName>,</objectName> <objectName>ceux de canards d</objectName>'<placeName key="Amiens" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q41604">Amiens</placeName>, <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" type="pâté" xml:space="default">ceux d'alouettes de <placeName key="Pithiviers" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q217159">Pithiviers</placeName>,</objectName> jouissent d'une grande réputation.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
134. — Plaisirs des champs. Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. 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Qui s'oppose à\n quelque chose." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch134.xml?note_annotation_20240104144501219", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2024-01-04T19:45:01.219Z", "dcterms:modified": "2024-01-04T19:45:01.219Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "1", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "admin" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch134.xml?note_annotation_20240104144501219#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch134.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch134.xml?note_annotation_20240104144501219#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[9]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Tournoi. 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"https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch134"> <pb type="page" n="469" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_469.jpg"/> <head>134. — Plaisirs des champs. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>— Habitants des villes, venez un peu aux champs faire connaissance avec la bonne nature, savourer la pureté de l'air, la fracheur des œufs, la saveur cré-<fw type="footer"><fw type="sig">SUZETTE (Maîtresse) 27</fw></fw> <pb type="page" n="470" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_470.jpg"/> <fw>470 SUZETTE.</fw> meuse du lait, tel que la vache nourricière le donne, sans bicarbonate de soude* <note type="annotation">Bicarbonate de soude. Espèce de sel (en forme de cristaux) avec lequel on lessive le linge.</note> , sans mélange d'acide* <note type="annotation">Acide. Liquide ou gaz qui rougit la teinture bleue du tournesol.</note> ni d'eau ; venez cueillir les fraises du bois joli et les fleurettes du gazon ! disait <persName type="fictif" key="louis">Louis</persName>.</p> <p>Et sa jeune femme, avec qui il se promenait autour de la ferme, ajoutait :</p> <p>— Plus tard, à la vieillesse, nous reviendrons ici, près de <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, finir nos jours dans cette paix, cette simplicité des champs : nous y vivrons comme <persName type="fictif"> Philémon</persName> et <persName type="fictif">Baucis</persName>, </p> <lg> <l>« Heureux de ne devoir à pas un domestique </l> <l> « Le plaisir ou le gré des soins qu'ils se rendaient. » </l> </lg> <p>Je vois l'emplacement de notre maisonnette future : là, au bord de ce pré où elle attrapera le premier sourire du soleil levant. Elle sera couverte en chaume, car les orpins* <note type="annotation">Orpins, sédum. Plantes qui croissent sur les toits et les murs.</note>, les sédums* <note type="annotation">Orpins, sédum. Plantes qui croissent sur les toits et les murs.</note>, les mousses, les joubarbes* <note type="annotation">Joubarbe. Plante parasite.</note> aiment les toits de chaume ; ils les couvrent de leurs floraisons joyeuses et colorées !</p> <p>Mais <persName type="fictif" key="louis">Louis</persName> n'accepte pas le toit de chaume, <figure> <caption>Soude. Varech. La soude et le varech sont des herbes propres aux rivages de la mer ; on en extrait de la soude en les brûlant dans des fosses pratiquées à cet effet. — Les varechs constituent en outre un excellent engrais végétal.</caption> </figure> qui, dit-il, brûle assez souvent. Il préfère l'ardoise, moins poétique, sans doute, mais réfractaire* <note type="annotation">Réfractaire. Qui s'oppose à quelque chose.</note> à l'incendie. Et d'ailleurs, vue de loin, à travers la verdure, l'ardoise brille avec des reflets d'acier, pas du tout désagréables à l'œil.</p> <p>On discute le mérite des deux toits.</p> <p>— Mais, dit derrière eux une voix connue, et la gaie tuile rouge ? Elle ne s'enflamme guère plus que l'ardoise, et le temps la brode, de place en place, de mousses menues, veloutées. Mettez-vous donc d'accord sur la tuile rouge !</p> <pb type="page" n="471" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_471.jpg"/> <fw>PLAISIRS DES CHAMPS. 471</fw> <p>C'était <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> qui leur parlait ainsi en riant. Et l'on s'entendit presque tout de suite sur la question du toit des vieux ans. Il est vrai que, d'ici là, on avait le temps de changer d'idée.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> venait chercher sa cousine, car on avait, pour ce matin-là, fait de grands projets. Il ne s'agissait de rien moins que d'un tournoi* <note type="annotation">Tournoi. Combat simulé dans une fête ; ici, sorte de concours, d'épreuve.</note> culinaire entre <placeName key="Paris" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q90">Paris</placeName> et <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName> :</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="madeleine">Mme Louis</persName> allait faire une crème renversée, et <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> répondrait par une tarte aux prunes de reine-Claude. Les messieurs donneraient ensuite le prix.</p> <p>La villageoise n'était pas trop ignorante en pàtisserie, et même, ce qui est rare au jourd'hui, en boulangerie. De temps en temps, pour les grands régals, elle faisait le pain, un pain léger à croûte bien dorée, et savoureux, de la bonne saveur naturelle du froment.</p> <p>— Commençons par la crème, dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> par politesse, tout en dépliant deux blancs tabliers que l'une et l'autre s'attachèrent.</p> </div> <figure> <caption>Intérieur d'une tuilerie. La tuile est une pierre artificielle de forme rectangulaire, faite de terre glaise ou d'argile cuite au feu. L'ardoise, au contraire, ést une pierre bleuâtre qui se trouve dans la terre ; on l'exploite dans des carrières, à ciel ouvert, appelèes ardoisières ; le <placeName key="Finistère" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3389">Finistère</placeName>, les <placeName key="Ardennes" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3164">Ardennes</placeName>, le <placeName key="Calvados" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3249">Calvados</placeName>, le <placeName key="Maine-et-Loire" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12584">Maine-et-Loire</placeName>, la <placeName key="Manche" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12589">Manche</placeName> ont des ardoisières très réputées.</caption> </figure> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Si les habitants des villes venaient à la campagne, qu'y trouveraient-ils ? </item> <item>— Qui se promenait autour de la ferme de <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName> ? </item> <item>— Quel projet faisait la jeune femme de <persName type="fictif" key="louis">Louis</persName> ?</item> <item>— Comment était la maison de ses rêves d'avenir ? — Qu'est-ce que <persName type="fictif" key="louis">Louis</persName> n'acceptait pas et que préférait-il ? </item> <item>— Que dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ?</item> <item>— Pourquoi <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> venait-elle chercher sa cousine ?</item> <item>— Que devait faire chacune d'elles ?</item> <item>— Qui décernerait le prix ? </item> <item>— Quels talents possédait la jeune fermière ? </item> <item>— Que savait-elle préparer pour les grands régals ? </item> <item>— Que proposa-t-elle ?</item> </list> </div> <pb type="page" n="472" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_472.jpg"/> <fw>472 SUZETTE.</fw> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="composition"> <head type="sujets">Composition.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Reproduisez, en l'abrégeant, l'histoire de <persName type="fictif">Philémon</persName> et de <persName type="fictif">Baucis</persName> mise en vers par <persName key="Jean de La Fontaine" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q49496">La Fontaine</persName>.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>(Il sera nécessaire de lire aux élèves ce morceau de poésie ; une seule fois paraît suffisante, étant donné le caractère simple du récit.)</p> </div> </div> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head type="sujets">Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— LES SOLS. </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que l'argile le sable, la craie, la marne, l'humus ?</item> <item>— Qu'appelle-t-on sol arable ? </item> <item>— Quels sont les avantages et les inconvénients des sols où domine, soit l'argile, soit la craie, soit le sable ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>L'argile est une terre grasse, douce au toucher, tenace et presque imperméable ; elle se fend et se contracte par la sécheresse ; soumise à l'action prolongée d'une chaleur violente, elle durcit et prend une belle couleur rouge, comme on peut le voir pour les briques et les tuiles.</p> <p>Le sable est une agglomération de grains très fins de grès pulvérisé ; ses molécules n'ont qu'une faible adhérence et il se laisse facilement pénétrer par l'eau.</p> <p>La craie est une substance calcaire formée au fond de la mer et qui renferme une quantité prodigieuse de petites coquilles d'animaux. C'est une pierre blanche, ordinairement de faible consistance, facile à travailler et qui se convertit en chaux sous l'action d'un feu ardent. Lorsqu'on verse dessus un acide, du vinaigre, par exemple, elle bouillonne et il se formé à sa surface des bulles qui dégagent de l'acide carbonique.</p> <p>La marne est une terre calcaire mèlée d'argile dont on se sert pour amender les terrains trop argileux ou trop sableux.</p> <p>L'humus est une substance brune ou noirâtre qui provient de la décomposition des matières animales et végétales : c est l'amendement par excellence de tous les terrains.</p> <p>Le sol arable est la couche de terre que l'on cultive pour en retirer les produits nécessaires à l'alimentation et à l'industrie.</p> <p>Les sols argileux sont difficiles à travailler par la sécheresse comme par l'humidité et l'eau y séjourne durant la saison des pluies pour peu que cette saison se prolonge ; mais ils ont l'avantage de conserver l'eau qu'ils absorbent à la longue et de favoriser ainsi la végétation des céréales et des fourrages dans bien des cas.</p> <p>Les sols sableux ne présentent aucune difficulté à la culture ; mais ils sont secs et ne retiennent pas les engrais ; aussi leurs produits couvrent à peine les frais d'exploitation.</p> <p>Les terrains calcaires gardent mal l'eau et décomposent trop rapidement les engrais ; ils ne redoutent pas les années humides, tandis qu'ils souffrent de la sécheresse.</p> </div> </div> <div type="industrie"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qu'est-ce que des tuiles, des briques ? </item> <item>— Décrire sommairement les procédés de fabrication des briques, tuiles, tuyaux.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Les tuiles sont des espèces de carreaux rectangulaires de peu d'épaisseur, faits d'argile pétrie, séchée et cuite au four, dont on se sert pour couvrir les maisons et le sommet des murs de clôture.</p> <p>Les briques sont des pierres artificielles de même matière que les tuiles, avec cette différence qu'elles sont moitié moins larges et trois fois pus épaisses.</p> <p>Pour confectionner les tuiles et les briques, on choisit de l'argile de bonne qualité qu'on débarrasse des corps étrangers et qu'on pétrit afin de la rendre plus liante. On en forme une pâte molle qui est moulée en forme de briques ou de tuiles. Placées sous des hangars, <pb type="page" n="473" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_473.jpg"/> <fw>AFFAIRES DE CUISINE ET DE FAMILLE. 473 </fw> après avoir séché quelques heures au grand air sur des plates-formes, elles achèvent de s'y débarrasser de l'eau qu'elles contiennent. On les entasse ensuite dans de grands fours qu'on chauffe à grand feu ; lorsqu'elles y ont subi quelques jours de cuisson, elles sont terminées et propres aux usages divers de l'industrie du bâtiment. La fabrication des tuyaux s'opère à peu de chose près de la même façon.</p> </div> </div> <div type="économie_domestique"> <head type="sujets">Économie domestique. </head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Quand dit-on que le lait est falsifié ?</item> <item>— Quels dangers présente l'usage du lait falsifié, pour les enfants surtout ?</item> <item> — Comment reconnait-on que le lait n'est pas pur, — que des œufs ne sont pas frais, — qu'un poisson est avancé ?</item> </list> </div> <div> <p>Le lait est falsifié lorsqu’on l'écrème, qu'on y mêle de l'eau et que, pour rétablir sa consistance, comme pour faire disparaître la teinte bleue qu'il a prise, on y ajoute du sucre de canne, de la glucose, de la farine, des infusions de riz, d'orge, de son, etc. Ainsi altéré, il est d'une saveur désagréable et d'une digestion difficile ; ayant perdu en outre la plupart de ses qualités nutritives, il constitue un aliment peu favorable aux jeunes enfants.</p> <p>On reconnait que le lait n'est pas pur à son odeur fade, à sa couleur bleuâtre, à son manque de consistance. Quant aux œufs pondus déjà depuis longtemps, l'évaporation de l'eau qui y est contenue forme un vide à l'une des extrémités, ce qui est facile à constater lorsqu'on les examine en les plaçant entre l'œil et une source de lumière. Dans ces mêmes œufs, le jaune descend à la partie inférieure, et quand on les secoue, on perçoit très bien un ballottement intérieur, ce qui ne se remarque jamais lorsqu'ils sont de date récente.</p> <p>Quand le poisson n'est pas frais, le tissu des chairs est lâche et les ouies pâles ; il dégage, de plus, une odeur nauséabonde et ammoniacale qui se fait particulièrement sentir dans celui qui provient de la mer.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
