Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="https://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LEAF-VRE/code_snippets/refs/heads/main/CSS/leaf.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title>The firste [laste] volume of the chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande conteyning the description and chronicles of England, from the first inhabiting vnto the conquest : the description and chronicles of Scotland, from the first original of the Scottes nation till the yeare of our Lorde 1571 : the description and chronicles of Yrelande, likewise from the first originall of that nation untill the yeare 1571 / faithfully gathered and set forth by Raphaell Holinshed.</title> <author>Holinshed, Raphael, d. 1580?</author> </titleStmt> <editionStmt> <edition> <date>1577</date> </edition> </editionStmt> <extent>Approx. 16408 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 1493 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images.</extent> <publicationStmt> <publisher>Text Creation Partnership,</publisher> <pubPlace>Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :</pubPlace> <date when="2009-10">2009-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).</date> <idno type="DLPS">A03448</idno> <idno type="STC">STC 13568B</idno> <idno type="STC">ESTC S3985</idno> <idno type="EEBO-CITATION">34382662</idno> <idno type="OCLC">ocm 34382662</idno> <idno type="VID">29044</idno> <availability> <p>This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of <ref target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal</ref>. The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.</p> </availability> </publicationStmt> <seriesStmt> <title>Early English books online.</title> </seriesStmt> <notesStmt> <note>(EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A03448)</note> <note>Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 29044)</note> <note>Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1897:8)</note> </notesStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblFull> <titleStmt> <title>The firste [laste] volume of the chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande conteyning the description and chronicles of England, from the first inhabiting vnto the conquest : the description and chronicles of Scotland, from the first original of the Scottes nation till the yeare of our Lorde 1571 : the description and chronicles of Yrelande, likewise from the first originall of that nation untill the yeare 1571 / faithfully gathered and set forth by Raphaell Holinshed.</title> <author>Holinshed, Raphael, d. 1580?</author> </titleStmt> <extent>2 v. (ca. 2969 p.in various pagings) : ill. </extent> <publicationStmt> <publisher>Imprinted for Iohn Hunne,</publisher> <pubPlace>At London :</pubPlace> <date>1577.</date> </publicationStmt> <notesStmt> <note>Includes indexes.</note> <note>Title printed within ornamental border.</note> <note>The second volume has title: The laste volume of the chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande, with their descriptions.</note> <note>Errata: 2 p. at end of v.1; 4 p. at end of v.2.</note> <note>Imperfect: tightly bound and with print show-through.</note> <note>Signatures: V. 1: [par.]⁶, A-Q⁸, r¹, a-s⁸, t¹, A², *b*², *a*- *b*⁶, A-2J⁸, 2K⁴, 2L-2M⁶, [fleuron]² A-C⁸, D⁴, A-D⁸, E⁵, F-G⁸, H⁶, I³; V. 2: [par]², t²⁻⁸, v-z⁸, A-4Z⁸, A-N⁴.</note> <note>Reproduction of original in: Harvard University. Library.</note> </notesStmt> </biblFull> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" xmlns:org="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#"/></xenoData><encodingDesc> <projectDesc> <p>Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. </p> </projectDesc> <editorialDecl> <p>EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO.</p> <p>EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org).</p> <p>The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source.</p> <p>Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data.</p> <p>Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so.</p> <p>Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as &lt;gap&gt;s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor.</p> <p>The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines.</p> <p>Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements).</p> <p>Keying and markup guidelines are available at the <ref target="http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/docs/.">Text Creation Partnership web site</ref>.</p> </editorialDecl> <listPrefixDef> <prefixDef ident="tcp" matchPattern="([0-9\-]+):([0-9IVX]+)" replacementPattern="http://eebo.chadwyck.com/downloadtiff?vid=$1&page=$2"/> <prefixDef ident="char" matchPattern="(.+)" replacementPattern="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/textcreationpartnership/Texts/master/tcpchars.xml#$1"/> </listPrefixDef> </encodingDesc> <profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="eng">eng</language> </langUsage> <textClass> <keywords scheme="http://authorities.loc.gov/"> <term>Great Britain -- History -- Early works to 1800.</term> </keywords> </textClass> </profileDesc> <revisionDesc> <change> <date>2008-02</date> <label>TCP</label>Assigned for keying and markup</change> <change> <date>2008-07</date> <label>SPi Global</label>Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images</change> <change> <date>2008-11</date> <label>Mona Logarbo</label>Sampled and proofread</change> <change> <date>2008-11</date> <label>Mona Logarbo</label>Text and markup reviewed and edited</change> <change> <date>2009-02</date> <label>pfs</label>Batch review (QC) and XML conversion</change> </revisionDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div n="1" type="book"> <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:7"/>--> <head> AN HISTORICALL DEſcription of the Iſlande of Britayne, with a briefe rehearſall of the nature and qualities of the people of Englande, and of all ſuch commodities as are to be founde in the ſame.</head> <argument> <p> <list> <head> <g ref="char:leaf">❧</g> In the first Booke of the Deſcription of Britayne, theſe Chapters are contayned that enſue.</head> <item>1. Of the ſcituation and quantitie of the Iſle of Britayne.</item> <item>2. Of the auncient names of this Iſlande.</item> <item>3. What ſundry nations haue dwelled in this countrey.</item> <item>4. Whether it be likely that euer there were any Gyants inhabiting in this Iſlande.</item> <item>5. Of the generall language vſed ſometime in Brytaine.</item> <item>6. Into howe many kingdomes at once this Iſle hath bene deuided.</item> <item>7. Of the auncient religion vſed in Brytaine, from the firſt comming of Samothes, before the conuerſion of the ſame vnto the faith of Chriſt.</item> <item>8. Of the number and names of ſuch Salt Iſlandes as lye diſperſed rounde about vpon the coaſt of Brytaine.</item> <item>9. Of the ryſing and falles of ſuch ryuers and ſtreames as deſcende into the ſea, without alteration of their names, & firſt of thoſe that lye betweene the Thames and the Sauerne.</item> <item>10. Of the Sauerne ſtreame, and ſuch falles of ryuers as go into the Sea betweene it and the Humber.</item> <item>11. Of ſuch riuers as fall into the ſea, betwene Humber & the Thames.</item> <item>12. Of the fower high waies ſometime made in Brytaine by the Prin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ces of this lande.</item> <item>13. Of the ayre and ſoyle of the country.</item> <item>14. Of the generall conſtitution of the bodies of the Brytons.</item> <item>15. How Brytaine grew at the firſt to be deuided into three porcions.</item> <item>16. That notwithſtanding the former particion made by Brute, vnto his children, the ſouereinety of the whole Iſlande, remained ſtyll to the Prince of <hi rend="text">Lhoegres</hi> and his poſteritie after him.</item> <item>17. Of the Wall ſometime builded for a particion betweene Englande and the Pictes.</item> </list> </p> </argument> <div type="dedication"> <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:8"/>--> <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:8"/>--> <head> <g ref="char:leaf">❧</g>To the Right Honorable, and his ſingular good Lord <hi rend="text">and maiſter, S. William Brooke Knight, Lord warden of <hi rend="text">the cinque Portes, and Baron of Cobham, all</hi> </hi> increaſe of the feare and knowledge of God, firme obedience towarde his Prince, infallible loue to the common wealth, and commen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>--&gt;dable renowne here in this wo<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>lde, and in the worlde to come, lyfe euerlaſting.</head> <p> <seg rend="decorInit">H</seg>AVING had iust occaſion, Right Honourable, to remayne in Lon<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>don, during the tyme of Midſomer terme laſt paſſed, and being earneſt<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lye required of diuers my friends, to ſet downe ſome briefe diſcourſe of parcell of thoſe thinges, which I had obſerued in the reading of ſuch ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nifold antiquities as I had peruſed toward the furniture of a Chronolo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gie, which I had then in hande, I was at the firſt very loth to yeelde to their deſires: firſt, for that I thought my ſelfe vnable for want of witte and iudgement, ſo ſodainly and with ſuch ſpeede to take ſuch a charge vppon me: ſecondly, by<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cauſe the dealing therin might prooue an impechement vnto mine owne Treatize: and final<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lye for that I had giuen ouer all ſtudy of hystories, as iudging the tyme ſpent about the ſame, to be an hinderaunce vnto my more neceſſarie dealings in that vocation & function whereun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to I am called in the myniſtery. But when they were ſo importunate with me, that no reaſona<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ble excuſe coulde ſerue to put by this trauaile, I condeſcended at the length vnto their yrke<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſome ſute, promiſing that I woulde ſpende ſuch voyde time as I had to ſpare, whyleſt I shoulde be inforced to tarie in the citie, vpon ſome thing or other that shoulde ſtande in lieu of a de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſcription of my Country. For their partes alſo they aſſured me of ſuch helpes as they coulde pur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>chaſe, and thus with hope of good although no gaie ſucceſſe, I went in hande withall, then al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>most as one leaning altogither vnto memorie, ſith my bookes and I were parted by fourtie myles in ſonder. In this order alſo I ſpent a part of Michaelmas and Hillarie termes inſuing, being inforced thereto I ſay by other buſineſſes which compelled me to keepe in the citie, and abſent my ſelfe from my charge, though in the meane ſeaſon I had ſome repaire vnto my libra<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rie, but not ſo great as the dignitie of the matter required, & yet farre greater then the Prin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ters haſte woulde ſuffer. One helpe, and none of the ſmalleſt that I obtayned herein was by ſuch commentaries as <hi rend="text">Leland</hi> had collected ſometime of the ſtate of Britaine, bookes vtterly man<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gled, defaced with wet, and weather, and finally imperfite through want of ſundrie volumes ſecondly, I gate ſome knowledge of things by letters and pamphlettes, from ſundrie places and shires of Englande, but ſo diſcordaunt nowe and then amongeſt themſelues, eſpecially in the names and courſes of riuers and ſcituation of townes, that I had oft greater trouble to recon<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cile them, then to penne the whole diſcourſe of ſuch pointes as they contayned<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> the thirde ayde did grow by conference with diuers, eyther at the table or ſecretly alone, wherein I marked in what things the talkers did agree, and wherein they impugned eche other, chooſing in the end the former, and reiecting the later, as one deſirous to ſet forth the truth abſolutely, or ſuch things in deede as were moſt likely to be true. The laſt comfort aroſe by mine owne reading of ſuch writers as haue heretofore made mention of the condition of our country, in ſpeaking whereof, yf I shoulde make account of the ſucceſſe, and extraordinary comming by ſundrie treatizes not ſuppoſed to be extaunt, I shoulde but ſeeme to pronounce more then may well be ſayde with modeſtie, and ſay farder of myſelfe then this Treatize can beare witneſſe of. How<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>beit, I referre not this ſucceſſe wholly vnto my purpoſe in this Deſcription, but rather giue no<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tice thereof to come to paſſe in the penning of my Chronologie, whoſe cromes as it were fell out very well in the framing of this Pamphlete. In the proceſſe therefore of this Booke, if your Ho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nour regarde the ſubstaunce of that which is here declared, I muſt needes confeſſe that it is none of mine: but if your Lordshippe haue conſideration of the barbarous compoſition shewed <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:9"/>--> herein, that I may boldely clayme and chalenge for myne owne, ſith there is no man of any ſo ſlender skill, that will defraude me of that reproche, which is due vnto me, for the meere negli<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gence, diſorder, and euill diſpoſition of matter, comprehended in the ſame. Certes I proteſt be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore God and your Honour, that I neuer made any choiſe of ſtile, or picked wordes, neither re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>garded to handle this Treatize in ſuch preciſe order and methode as many other woulde: thin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>king it ſufficient, truely & plainly to ſet forth ſuch things as I minded to intreate of, rather then with vaine affectation of eloquence to paint out a rotten ſepulchre, neither co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>mendable in a writer nor profitable to the reader. How other affayres troubled me in the writing hereof many know, & peraduenture the ſlackeneſſe shewed herein can better teſtifie: but howſoeuer it be done, & whatſoeuer I haue done, I haue had an eſpeciall eye vnto the truth of things, & for the reaſt, I hope that this foule frizeled Treatize of mine, will prooue a ſpurre to others, better learned in more skilfull maner to handle the ſelfe ſame argument. As for faultes eſcaped here<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>in as there are diuers, I muſt needes confeſſe, both in the penning and printing, ſo I haue to craue pardon of your Honour, & of all the learned readers. For ſuch was my shortneſſe of time allowed in the writing, & ſo great the ſpeede made in the Printing, that I could ſeldome with any deliberation peruſe, or almoſt with any iudgement deliberate exactly vpon ſuch notes as were to be inſerted. Sometimes in deede their leyſure gaue me libertie, but that I applyed in following my vocation, many times their expedition abridged my peruſall, and by this later it came to paſſe, that moſt of this booke was no ſooner penned then printed, neither well concey<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ued before it came to writing. But it is now to late to excuſe the maner of doing. It is poſsible that your Honour will miſtyke hereof, for that I haue not by myne owne trauaile and eyeſight viewed ſuch thinges, as I doe here intreate of. In deede I muſt needes confeſſe that except it were from the parish where I dwell, vnto your Honour in Kent, or out of London where I was borne, vnto Oxforde and Cambridge where I haue beene brought vp, I neuer trauailed 40 miles in all my lyfe, neuertheleſſe in my report of theſe thinges, I vſe their authorities, who haue performed in their perſons whatſoeuer is wanting in mine. It may be in like ſort that your Honour will take offence at my rashe and rechleſſe behauiour vſed in the compoſition of this volume, and much more that being ſcambled vp after this maner, I dare preſume to make ten<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>doure of the protection thereof vnto your Lordships handes. But when I conſider the ſingular affectio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> that your Ho. doth beare to thoſe that in any wiſe will trauaile to ſet forth ſuch things as lye hidden of their countries, without regarde of fine & eloquent handling, & therinto do weigh on mine owne behalfe my bounden duetie and gratefull minde to ſuch a one as hath ſo many and ſundrie wayes profited and preferred me, that otherwiſe can make no recompence, I can not but cut of all ſuch occaſion of doubt, and therevpon exhibite it ſuch as it is, and ſo pen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned as it is vnto your Lordships tuition, vnto whome if it may ſeeme in any wyſe acceptable, I haue my whole deſire. And as I am the firſt that (notwithſtanding the great repugnauncie to be ſeene among our writers) hath taken vpon him ſo particularly to deſcribe this Iſle of Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>taine, ſo I hope the learned and godly will beare withall and reforme with charity where I do treade amiſſe. As for the curious, & ſuch as can rather euill fauouredly eſpy then skilfully cor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rect an errour, & ſooner carpe at another mans doings then publish any thing of their owne, keping themſelues cloſe with an obſcure admiration of learning & knowledge among the co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mon ſort) I force not what they ſay hereof, for whether it doe pleaſe or diſpeaſe them, all is one to me, ſith I referre my whole trauaile in the gratification of your Honour, & ſuch as are of experience to conſider of my trauaile, and the large ſcope of things purpoſed in this Treatize, of whome my ſeruice in this behalfe may be taken in good part, that I will repute for my full re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>compence, & large guerdon of my labours. The Almighty God preſerue your Lordship in co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tinuall health, wealth, and proſperitie, with my good Lady your wyfe, your Honours children, whome God hath indued with a ſingular towardneſſe vnto all vertue & learning, and the reſt of reformed familie vnto whome I wish farder increaſe of his holy ſpirit, vnderſtanding of his worde, augmentation of honour, & finally an earneſt zeale to follow his commaundements.</p> <signed>Your Lordſhips humble ſeruant, and houſhold Chaplein. W. H.</signed> </div> <div n="1" type="chapter"> <!--<pb n="1" facs="tcp:29044:9"/>--> <head>The deſcription of Britaine.</head> <head>¶Of the ſcituation and quantitie of the Iſle of Britayne. Cap. 1.</head> <p> <note place="margin">How Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>taine lyeth from the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ayne.</note> <hi rend="text"> <seg rend="decorInit">B</seg>RITANIA,</hi> or Britaine as we nowe terme it in our En<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gliſhe tongue, is an Iſle lying in the Ocean ſea, directly a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gainſt that part of Fraunce, which conteyneth Picardie, Normandie, and therto the greateſt part of little Britaine, cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led in time paſt <hi rend="text">Armorica</hi> of the ſcituation thereof vpon the ſea coaſt, and before ſuch time as a companie of Britons (eyther led o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer by ſome of the Romayne Emperours, or flying thither from the tyrannie of ſuch as op<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>preſſed them here in this Iſlande) did ſettle themſelues there, & called it Britaine, after the name of their owne country, from whence they aduentured thither. It hath Irelande vp<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on the Weſt ſide, on the North the mayne ſea, euen vnto Thule and the Hyperboreans, and on the Eaſt ſide alſo the Germaine Ocean, by which we paſſe daily thorowe by the trade of merchandiſe, not only into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> low countries of Belgie, but alſo into Germanie, Frizelande, Denmarke, and Norway, carying from hence thither, and bringing from thence hither, all ſuch neceſſarie commodities as the ſeuerall Countries doe yéelde: thorow which meanes, and beſides common amitie co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſerued, traffike is maintayned, and the neceſſitie of eche party abundantly relieued.</p> <p> <note place="margin">The lon<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gitude and latitude of this Iſle.</note>It contayneth in longitude taken by the middeſt of the Region 19. degrées exactly: and in latitude 53. degrées, and 30. min. after the o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pinions of thoſe that haue diligently obſerued the ſame in our dayes, and the faithfull report of ſuch writers as haue left notice therof vnto vs, in their learned treatiſes to be perpetually remembred. Howbeit wheras ſome in ſetting downe of theſe two lines, haue ſéemed to vary about the placing of the ſame, eche of them di<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uerſly remembring the names of ſundrie Ci<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ties and townes, wheerby they affirme the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> to haue their ſeueral courſes: for my part I haue thought good to procéede ſomewhat after ano<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther ſort, that is, by deuiding the lateſt and beſt Cardes eche way into two equall partes, (ſo neare as I can poſſibly bring the ſame to paſſe) whereby for the middle of latitude, I product Caerloil and Newcaſtell vpon Tyne (whoſe lo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>geſt day conſiſteth of 16. houres,<note place="margin">Longeſt day.</note> 48. minuts) & for the longitude, Newbery, War<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wicke, Sheffeld, Skipto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, &c. which dealing in mine opinion, is moſt eaſie & indifferent, and lykelieſt meane to come by the certayne ſtan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding and ſcituation of our Iſlande.</p> <p>Inlyke maner it hath in breadth from the Piere or poynt of Douer,<note place="margin">The com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>paſſe of Britaine.</note> vnto the fartheſt part of Cornewall weſtwardes 320. myles: from thence agayne vnto the poynt of Cath<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neſſe by the Iriſhe ſea, 800. Whereby <hi rend="text">Poli<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dore</hi> and other doe gather that the circuite of the whole Iſlande of Britaine is 1720. myles, which is full 280. leſſe than <hi rend="text">Caeſar</hi> doth ſette downe, except there be ſome difference be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twéene the Romaine and Britiſhe myles, whereof heafter I maye make ſome farther conference.</p> <p>The forme and facion of this Iſle is lyke vnto a Triangle, Baſtarde ſworde, Wedge,<note place="margin">The forme</note> or Parteſant, being broadeſt in the South part, and gathering ſtill narrower and nar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rower, till it come to the fartheſt poynt of Cathneſſe Northwarde where it is narroweſt of all, and there endeth in maner of a Promon<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>torie, which is not aboue 30. myles ouer, as dayly experience doth confirme.</p> <p>The ſhorteſt & moſt vſuall <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ut that we haue out of our Iſland to the maine,<note place="margin">The di<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtance fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the mayne.</note> is from Douer (the fartheſt part of Kent eaſtward) vnto Ca<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lice in Picardie, where the breath of the ſea is not aboue 30. myles. Which courſe as it is now frequented and vſed for the moſt co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>mon & ſafe paſſage of ſuch as come into our cou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>trie out of Fraunce and diuers other Realmes, ſo it hath not bene vnknowne of olde time vnto the Romaynes, who for the moſt part vſed theſe two hauens for their paſſage and repaſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſage to and fro, although we finde that nowe and then, diuers of them came alſo from Bul<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>len and landed at Sandwiche, or ſome other places of the coaſt, as to anoyde the force of the wynde and weather, that often moleſted them in theſe narrowe ſeas, beſt liked for their ſafegardes. Betwéene the part of Hollande alſo, which lyeth nere the mouth of the Rhene, and this our Iſlande, are 900. furlonges, as <hi rend="text">Soſimus</hi> ſayeth, beſide diuers other writers,<note place="margin">Lib. 4.</note> which being conuerted into Engliſhe myles, doe yéelde one hundred and twelue, and foure odde furlongs, whereby the iuſt diſtaunce of Britayne from that part of the mayne alſo, doth certainly appeare to be much leſſe than the common Mappes of our Countrie haue hitherto ſet downe.</p> </div> <div n="2" type="chapter"> <head>Of the auncient names of this Iſlande. Cap. 2.</head> <p>IN the diligent peruſal of their treatiſes that haue written of the ſtate of this our Iſlande, I finde that at the firſt it ſéemed to be a percel of the Celtike kingdome,<note place="margin">Dis, Samo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thes.</note> whereof <hi rend="text">Dis</hi> other<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wyſe called <hi rend="text">Samothes,</hi> one of the ſonnes of Ia<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>phet <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:10"/>--> was the Saturne or originall beginner, and of him thenceforth for a long time called <hi rend="text">Samothea.</hi> Afterwarde in proceſſe of tyme when as deſire of rule began to take holde in the myndes of men, & ech Prince endeuored to enlarge his owne dominio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s:<note place="margin">Neptunus. Amphitrite Albion.</note> <hi rend="text">Albion</hi> the ſonne of <hi rend="text">Neptune</hi> ſurnamed <hi rend="text">Mareoticus</hi> (whoſe mo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther alſo was called <hi rend="text">Amphitrite</hi>) hearing of the commodities of the Countrie, and plenti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fulneſſe of ſoyle here, made a voyage ouer, & finding the thing not onely correſpondent vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to,<note place="margin">The firſt conqueſt of Britaine.</note> but alſo farre ſurmounting the report that went of this Iſlande, it was not long after ere he inuaded y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame by force of armes, brought it to his ſubiection, and finally chaunged the name therof into Albion, whereby the former denomination after <hi rend="text">Samothes</hi> did fall into vtter forgetfulneſſe. And thus was this Iſland bereft at one time both of hir auncient name, and alſo of hir lawfull ſucceſſion of Princes deſcended of the lyne of Iaphet,<note place="margin">Britaine vnder the Celts 341. yeares.</note> vnder whome it had continued by the ſpace of 341. yeres and ix. Princes, as by the Hiſtorie folowing ſhall eaſily appeare.</p> <p>To ſpeake ſomewhat alſo of <hi rend="text">Neptune,</hi> (ſith I haue made mention of him in this place) it ſhall not be impertinent. You ſhal vnderſtand therefore that for his excellent knowledge in the Arte of Nauigation, he was reputed the moſt ſkilful Prince that liued in his time.<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Neptune</hi> God of the ſea.</note> And therefore, and likewyſe for his courage and boldneſſe in aduenturing to and fro, he was after his deceaſe honoured as a god, and the protection of ſuch as trauayled by ſea commit<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted to his charge.<note place="margin">The man<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ner of dreſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſinge of ſhippes in olde time.</note> So rude alſo was y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> making of ſhippes wherewith to ſayle in his tyme, that for lacke of better experience to calke and trimme the ſame after they were builded, they vſed to nayle them ouer with rawe hydes, and with ſuch a kinde of Nauie: firſt <hi rend="text">Samothes,</hi> and then <hi rend="text">Albion</hi> arriued in this Iſlande.</p> <p>But to procéede, when the ſayde <hi rend="text">Albion</hi> had gouerned here in this Countrie by the ſpace of vij. yeares, it came to paſſe that both he and his brother Bergion were killed by Hercules at the mouth of <hi rend="text">Rhodanus,</hi> as the ſayd Hercu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>les paſſed out of Spaine by the Celtes to go o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer into Italy, and vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> this occaſion (as I ga<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther amo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g the writers) not vnworthy to be re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>membred.<note place="margin">Leſtrigo.</note> It happened in tyme of <hi rend="text">Lucus</hi> king of the Celtes, that Leſtrigo and his iſſue (who<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Oſyris his grandfather had placed ouer the <hi rend="text">Ianigenes</hi>) dyd exerciſe great tyrannie, not onely ouer his owne kingdome, but alſo in mo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leſtation of ſuch Princes as inhabited rounde about him in moſt intollerable maner. Moreo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer he was not a little incouraged in theſe his dooinges by <hi rend="text">Neptune</hi> his father,<note place="margin">Neptune had xxxiij. ſonnes.</note> who truſted greatly to leaue his xxxiij. ſonnes ſettled in the mightieſt kingdomes of the worlde, as men of whom he had already conceyued this opinion, that if they had once gotten foote into any Re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gion whatſoeuer, it woulde not be long ere they did by ſome meanes or other,<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Ianige<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </hi> the po<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ty of <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> lying in Italy.</note> not onelye eſtabliſhe their ſeates, but alſo increaſe their limites to the better maintenance of themſel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ues and their poſteritie for euermore. To be ſhort therefore, after the Gyantes, and great Princes, or mightie men of the world had con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſpired and ſlaine the aforeſayd Oſyris: Hercu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>les his ſonne, ſurnamed <hi rend="text">Libius,</hi> in the reuenge of his fathers death, proclaymed open warres agaynſt them all, and going from place to place, he ceaſed not to ſpoyle their kingdomes, and therewithall to kill them that fell into his handes. Finally, hauing among other ouer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>come the <hi rend="text">Lomnimi</hi> or <hi rend="text">Geriones</hi> in Spayne,<note place="margin">Lomnimi Geriones</note> and vnderſtanding that <hi rend="text">Leſtrigo</hi> & his ſonnes did yet remayne in Italie, he directed his voy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>age into thoſe parts, and taking the kingdome of the Celtes in his waye, he remayned for a ſeaſon with <hi rend="text">Lucus</hi> the king of that Countrie, where he alſo maried his daughter <hi rend="text">Galathea,</hi> <note place="margin">Galathea.</note> and beg at a ſonne by hir, calling him after his moothers name <hi rend="text">Galates,</hi> <note place="margin">Galates.</note> of whome in my Chronologie I haue ſpoken more at large. In the meane time <hi rend="text">Albion</hi> vnderſtanding howe Hercules intended to make warres agaynſt his brother Leſtrigo, he thought it good to ſtop him that tyde, and therefore ſending for hys brother <hi rend="text">Bergion,</hi> <note place="margin">Bergion.</note> out of the Orchades (where he alſo reygned as ſupreme Lorde and gouer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nour) they ioyned their powers,<note place="margin">Pomponi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>us Laetus.</note> & ſayled ouer into Fraunce. Being arriued there, it was not long ere they met with Hercules and his ar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mie, neare vnto the mouth of the riuer called <hi rend="text">Rhodanus,</hi> where happened a cruell conflicte betwéene them, in which Hercules and hys men were lyke to haue loſt the daye, for that they were in maner weryed with lo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g warres, and their munition ſore waſted in the laſt voi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>age that he had made for Spaine. Herevppon Hercules perceyuing the courages of his ſoul<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>diours ſomewhat to abate, & ſéeing the want of munition likely to be the cauſe of his fatall day and preſent ouerthrowe at hande, it came ſodenly into his mynde to will eche of them to defende himſelfe by throwing of ſtones at hys enimie, wherof there lay great ſtore then ſcat<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tered in the place. The policie was no ſooner publiſhed than put in execution, whereby they ſo preuayled in thende, that Hercules wan the fielde, their enemies were put to flight, and <hi rend="text">Albion</hi> and his brother both ſlayne,<note place="margin">Albion ſlayne.</note> and buried in that plot. Thus was Britaine ridde of a ty<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rant, <hi rend="text">Lucus</hi> king of the Celtes deliuered fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> an vſurper (that daily incroched vpon him alſo euen in his owne kingdome on that ſide) and <!--<pb n="2" facs="tcp:29044:10" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> <hi rend="text">Leſtrigo</hi> greatly weakened by the ſlaughter of his brethren. Of this inuention of Hercu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>les in lyke ſort it commeth, that Iupiter fa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther vnto Hercules (who in déede was none other but Oſyris) is feygned to throw downe ſtones from heauen vpon Albion and Bergi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on,<note place="margin">It rayned <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ones.</note> in the defence of Hercules his ſon: which came ſo thick vpon them as if great drops of raine or hayle ſhould haue deſcended from a<g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>boue, no man well knowing which waye to turne him from their violence, they came ſo faſt and with ſo great a ſtrength.</p> <p>But to go forwarde, albeit that Albion and his power were thus diſcomfited and ſlayne, yet the name that he gaue vnto thys Iſlande dyed not, but ſtill remained vnto the time of Brute, who arriuing here in the 1127, before Chriſt, and 2840. after the creation, not onely chaunged it into Britayne (after it had bene called Albion, by the ſpace of 595. yeares) but to declare his ſouereigntie ouer the reaſt of the Iſlandes alſo that are about the ſame, he called them all after the ſame maner, ſo that Albion was ſayde in tyme to be <hi rend="text">Britanniarum inſula maxima,</hi> that is, the greateſt of thoſe Iſles that bare the name of Britayne.</p> <p>It is altogither impertinent to diſcuſſe whether Hercules came into thys Iſlande after the death of Albion,<note place="margin">Hercules <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>n Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tayne.</note> or not, althoughe that by an auncient monument ſéene of late, and the Cape of Hartland in the Weſt coun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>trie,<note place="margin">Promonto<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rium Her<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>culis.</note> called <hi rend="text">Promontorium Herculis</hi> in olde tyme, diuers of our Brytiſhe wryters doe gather great likelyhoode that he ſhoulde alſo be here. But ſyth hys preſence or abſence maketh nothing wyth the alteration of the name of this our Region and Countrie, I paſſe it ouer as not incident to my purpoſe. Neyther will I ſpend any time in the deter<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mination,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>o. Marius Niger, co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ment. de Britannia. Cap. 2.</note> whether Brittayne hath bene ſometyme a percell of the mayne, althoughe it ſhoulde well ſéeme ſo to haue bene, by<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cauſe that before the generall floudde of Noah, we doe <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>t <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>eade of Iſlandes. As for the ſpéedie and timely inhabitation thereof, this is myne opinion, that it was inhabited ſhortly after the diuiſion of the earth: For I reade that when ech Captayne and his com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pany had their portions aſſigned vnto them by Noah in the partition that he made of the whole earth among hys poſteritie,<note place="margin">Theophi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lus Antio<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thenus ad Antolicum.</note> they neuer ceaſed to trauayle and ſearch out the vtter moſt boundes of the ſame, vntill they founde out their parts allotted, and had ſéene and vewed the limites thereof, euen vnto the very pooles. It ſhall ſuffice therefore only to haue touched theſe things in this manner a farre of, and in returning to our purpoſe, to procéede with the reaſt concerning the deno<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mination of our Iſland, which was knowen vnto moſt of the Gréekes for a long time, by none other name than Albion, and to ſay the truth, euen vnto Alexanders daies: notwith<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtanding that Brute, as I haue ſayde, had chaunged the ſame into Britayne, manye hundred yeares before.</p> <p>After <hi rend="text">Brutus</hi> I doe not find that any man attempted to chaunge it agayne, vntill the tyme that one <hi rend="text">Valentinus</hi> a rebell,<note place="margin">Valentia.</note> in the dayes of <hi rend="text">Valentinianus</hi> and <hi rend="text">Valens</hi> endeuo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>red to reygne there,<note place="margin">In ſupple<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mento, Euſebij. lib 28.</note> and therevppon as <hi rend="text">Ie<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rome</hi> ſayth, procured it to be called <hi rend="text">Valen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tia.</hi> The lyke alſo dyd <hi rend="text">Theodoſius</hi> in the re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>membraunce of the two aforeſayde Empe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rours, as <hi rend="text">Marcellinus</hi> ſaith, but as neyther of theſe tooke anye holde among the common ſort, ſo it retayned ſtil the name of Britaine, vntill the reygne of Echert, who about the 800. yeare of grace, gaue forth an eſpeciall Edict, dated at Wyncheſter, that it ſhoulde be called Angles land, or Angellandt,<note place="margin">Angella<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>dt or Angles land.</note> for which in our time we doe pronounce it Eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land. And this is all, right Honourable, that I haue to ſay, touching the ſeuerall names of this Iſlande, vtterly miſlyking in the meane ſeaſon their deuiſes, which make <hi rend="text">Hengiſt</hi> the only parent of the later denomination, wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>as Echert, bicauſe his aunceſtours deſcended from the Angles (one of the ſeauen Nations that came wyth the Saxons into Britayne, for they were not all of one, but of diuers countries, as Angles, Saxons, Germaynes,<note place="margin">Only Sa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>xons arri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ued here at the firſt with <hi rend="text">Hen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>giſt.</hi> </note> Switchers, Norwegiens, &c. and all com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>prehended vnder y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> name of Saxons, bicauſe of <hi rend="text">Hengiſt</hi> the Saxon & his co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>pany that firſt aryued here before any of the other) and ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to hauing now the monarchie & prehemine<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce in manner of this whole Iſlande, called the ſame after the name of his Countrie from whence his originall came, neyther <hi rend="text">Hengiſt,</hi> neyther any Quéene named Angla, neyther whatſoeuer deriuation <hi rend="text">ab angulo,</hi> as from a corner of the worlde bearing ſwaye, or ha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uing ought to doe at all in that behalfe.</p> </div> <div n="3" type="chapter"> <head>What ſundry Nations haue inhabited in this Iſlande. Cap. 3.</head> <p>AS fewe or no Nations can iuſtly boaſte themſelues to haue continued ſithence their countrie was firſt repleniſhed;<note place="margin">No Nati<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on voide of myxture, more or leſſe.</note> wythout any myxture, more or leſſe, wyth other peo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ple, no more can this our Iſlande, whoſe ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nifolde commodities haue oft allured ſundry Princes and famous captaynes of the world to conquere and ſubdue the ſame vnto theyr owne ſubiection. Many ſorts of people there<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:11"/>--> haue comen hither and ſettled the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſelues here in thys Iſle, and firſt of all other a per<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cell of the image and poſteritie of Iapheth, brought in by <hi rend="text">Samothes</hi> in the 1910.<note place="margin">Samothe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ans.</note> after the creation of Adam. Howbeit in proceſſe of tyme, and after they had indifferently reple<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nyſhed and furnyſhed this Iſlande with peo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ple (which was done in the ſpace of 335. yea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>res) Albion the Gyaunt afore mencioned re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>payred hither with a companye of his owne race procéeding from <hi rend="text">Cham,</hi> <note place="margin">Chemmi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nites.</note> and not onely ſubued the ſame to his owne dominion, but brought all ſuch in lyke ſort as he found here of the lyne of Iaphet, into miſerable ſerui<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tude and thraldome. After hym alſo, and wythin leſſe than ſixe hundred yeares came Brute with a great traine of the poſteritie of the diſperſed Troianes in 324.<note place="margin">Britaines</note> ſhyppes: who rendring the lyke curteſie vnto the Chemmi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nites as they had done before vnto the ſéede of Iaphet, brought them alſo wholye vnder his rule and gouernaunce, and diuided the whole lande among ſuch Princes and Cap<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>taynes as he in his arriuall here had led out of Grecia with him.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Romaines.</note>From henceforth I doe not finde any ſound report of other natio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, whatſoeuer that ſhuld aduenture hither to dwell, vntill the Romane Emperours ſubdued it to their dominion, ſa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uing of a fewe Galles; (and thoſe peraduen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ture of Belgie) who firſt comming ouer to robbe and pilfer vpon the coaſtes, did after<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>warde plant themſelues for altogither neare vnto the ſea, and there buylded ſundry cities and townes which they named after thoſe of the maine, from whence they came vnto vs. But after the comming of the Romaynes, it is harde to ſay with how many ſortes of peo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ple we were dayly peſtered, almoſt in euery ſtéede. For as they planted their forworne Legions in the moſt fertile places of the Realme, and where they might beſt lye for the ſafegarde of their conqueſtes: ſo their ar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mies did commonly conſiſt of many ſorts of people, and were as I may call them, a con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fuſed mixture of all other cou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tries. Howbeit, I thinke it beſt, bicauſe they did all beare the tytle of Romaynes, to retayne onely that name for them all, albeit they were wofull gueſtes to this our Iſlande: ſith that wyth them came in all maner of vice and vicious liuing, all ryot and exceſſe of behauior, which their Legions brought hyther from eche cor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ner of their dominions, for there was no pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uince vnder them from whence they had not ſeruitours.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Scottes Pictes.</note>How and when the Scottes ſhould arriue here out of Irelande, and from whence the Pictes ſhoulde come vnto vs, as yet it is vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>certaine. For although their hiſtories doe ca<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rie great countenance of their antiquitie and continuance in this Iſlande: yet (to ſay fréely what I thinke) I iudge them rather to haue ſtolle<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> in hither, not much before the Saxons, than that they ſhould haue bene ſo long here, as from the one hundreth yeare after Chriſt. <hi rend="text">Reynulph Higden</hi> is of the opinion that the Pictes did come into this Iſland in the days of <hi rend="text">Seuerus,</hi> and that <hi rend="text">Fulgentius</hi> their cap<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tayne was brother to <hi rend="text">Martia,</hi> the mother of <hi rend="text">Baſsianus.</hi> He addeth furthermore howe the Pictes forſooke <hi rend="text">Baſsianus,</hi> <note place="margin">Li. 4. ca. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> and held with <hi rend="text">Carauſius,</hi> who gaue the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> a portion of Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande to inhabite, and thus wryteth he. But if <hi rend="text">Herodian</hi> be well reade, you ſhal find that y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Pictes were ſettled in thys Iſle, before the time of <hi rend="text">Seuerus,</hi> & yet not ſo ſoone as that <hi rend="text">Ta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cicus</hi> can make any mention of the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> in the co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>queſt that Agricola his father in law made of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> North parts of this Iſland. Neyther doe I reade of the Scots or Pictes before the time of <hi rend="text">Antoninus Verus,</hi> in the begynning of whoſe thirde yere (which concurred with the xvij. of <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi> king of Britaine) they inuaded thys South part of the Iſle, and were redu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ced to obedience by <hi rend="text">Trebellius</hi> the Legate. Certes the tyme of <hi rend="text">Samothes</hi> and Albion haue ſome likely limitation, and ſo we maye gather of the co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ming in of Brute. The voy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>age that <hi rend="text">Caeſar</hi> made likewyſe is certainely knowne to fall out in the 54. before the birth of Chriſt. In lyke ſort that the Saxons arry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ued here in the 449. The Danes, and with them the Gothes, Vandales, Norwegians, &c. in the 791. Finally the Normans in 1066. And Flemminges in the tyme of Henry the firſt (although they came not in by conqueſt, but vppon their humble ſute had a place in Wales aſſigned them to inhabite in, by king Henry then reigning, after the drowning of their countrie) it is eaſie to be prooued.</p> <p>But when the Pictes and Scottes ſhould enter, neither doe our hyſtories make any re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>port, neyther their owne agrée among the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſelues by manye hundreth yeares. Where<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore as the tyme of their arriuall here is not to be founde out, ſo it ſhall ſuffice to gyue notice that they are but ſtrangers, and ſuch as by obſcure inuaſion haue neſtled in thys Iſlande.</p> <p>The Saxons became firſt acquainted with thys Iſle,<note place="margin">Saxons</note> by meanes of the pyracie which they daily practiſed vpon our coaſtes (after they had once begunne to aduenture themſel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ues alſo vpon the ſeas, thereby to ſéeke out more wealth then was nowe to begotten in theſe weſt partes of the mayne, which they & their neighbors had alreadie ſpoyled in moſt <!--<pb n="3" facs="tcp:29044:11"/>--> lamentable and barbarous maner) howbeit they neuer durſt preſume to inhabite in this Iſland, vntill they were ſent for by Vortiger to ſerue him in his warres agaynſt y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Pictes & Scottes, after that the Romaines had gi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uen vs ouer, & left vs wholy to our owne de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fence & regiment. Being therefore comen in thrée bottomes or kéeles, & in ſhort time eſpi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing the ydle & negligent behauiour of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Bry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tons and fertilitie of our ſoyle, they were not a little inflamed to make a full conqueſt of ſuch as they came to ayde and ſuccour. Here<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>vpon alſo they fell by little and little to the winding in of greater nu<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>bers of their coun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>trymen with their wyues and children into this region, ſo that within a whyle they be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gan to moleſt the homelings (for ſo I finde y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> word <hi rend="text">Indigena,</hi> to be engliſhed in an old booke that I haue, wherin <hi rend="text">Aduena</hi> is tranſlated al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſo an homeling) and ceaſed not from time to time to co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tinue their purpoſe, vntill they had gotten poſſeſſion of the whole, or at the leaſt<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wiſe the greateſt part of our cou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>try, the Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tons in the meane ſeaſon being driuen eyther into Wales & Cornewall, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>n altogither out of the Iſlande to ſéeke newe inhabitations.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Danes.</note>In like maner the Danes (the next nation that ſuccéeded) came at the firſt onely to pil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fer & robbe vpon the frontiers of our Iſland, till that in the end being let in by the Welch<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>men or Brytons to reuenge them vpon the Saxons, they no leſſe plagued the one then the other, their friendes, then their aduerſa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ries, ſéeking by all meanes poſſible, to eſta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bliſh themſelues in the ſure poſſeſſio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of Bry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tayne. But ſuch was their ſucceſſe, that they proſpered not long in their deuiſe, for ſo great was their lordlineſſe, their crueltie, and inſa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tiable deſire of riches, beſide their deteſtable abuſing of chaſt matrones, & young virgines (whoſe huſbandes and parentes were daily inforced to become their drudges and ſlaues whyleſt they ſate at home and fed like Drone bées of the ſwéet of their trauayle & labours) that God I ſay would not ſuffer the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> to con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tinue any while ouer vs, but when he ſaw his time he remooued their yoke, and gaue vs li<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bertie, as it were to breath vs, thereby to ſée whether this his ſharpe ſcourge coulde haue mooued vs to repentaunce and amendement of our lewde and ſinnefull liues, or not. But whe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> no ſigne therof appeared in our hearts, he called in an other nation to vexe vs <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> meane the Normans,<note place="margin">The Nor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mans.</note> a people of whom it is woorthily doubted, whether they were more harde and cruell to our countrymen then the Danes, or more heauye and intollerable to our Iſlande then the<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> Saxons or Romaynes, yet ſuch was our lotte, in theſe dayes by the deuine appointed order, that we muſt néedes obey, ſuch as the Lorde dyd ſet ouer vs, & ſo much the rather, for that all power to reſiſte was vtterly taken from vs, and our armes made ſo weake and féeble, that they were not now able to remooue the importable loade of the Normanes from our ſurburdened ſhoul<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ders: And this onely I ſay agayne, bycauſe we refuſed grace offred in time and woulde not heare when God by his Preachers did call vs ſo fauourably vnto him.</p> <p>Thus we ſée howe from time to time this Iſlande hath not onely bene a praye, but as it were a common receptacle for ſtraungers, the naturall homelinges being ſtill cut ſhor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter and ſhorter, as I ſayde before, till in the ende they came not onely to be driuen into a corner of this region, but in tyme alſo verie like vtterly to haue ben extinguiſhed. For had not king Edward ſurnamed the ſainct in his time after grieuous warres, made vppon them (wherein Earle Harald, ſonne to Good<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wine & after king of Englande was his ge<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nerall) permitted the remnaunt of their wo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>men to ioyne in maryage with the Engliſh<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>men (when the moſt part of their huſbandes & male children were ſlayne with the ſworde) it coulde not haue bene otherwyſe choſen, but their whole race muſt néedes haue ſuſtayned the vttermoſt confuſion, and thereby the me<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>morie of the Britons vtterly haue periſhed.</p> </div> <div n="4" type="chapter"> <head>Whether it be likely that there were euer any Gyaunts inhabiting in this Iſle or not. Cap. 4.</head> <p>BEſides theſe aforeſayde nations, which haue crept as you haue hearde into our Iſlande, we reade of ſundry Gyaunts that ſhoulde inhabite here, which report as it is not altogither incredible, ſith the poſterities of diuers<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> princes were called by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> name: ſo vnto ſome mens eares it ſéemeth ſo ſtraunge a rehearſall, that for the ſame onely they ſu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſpect the credite of our whole hyſtorie and reiect it as a fable, vnwoorthy to be read. For this cauſe therefore I haue nowe taken vpon me to make thys briefe diſcourſe inſuing, therby to prooue, that the opinio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of Gyaunts is not altogether grounded vpon vayne & fa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bulous narrations, inuented only to delite the eates of the hearer<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> with the report of mar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>veilous things. But that there haue bene ſuch men in déede, as for their hugeneſſe of perſon haue reſembled rather<note n="*" place="margin">Eſay. 30. verſ. 25.</note> highe towers then <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>etall men, although their poſterities are now conſumed, and their monſtruous races vtterly worne out of knowledge.</p> <p>A doe not meane herin to diſpute, whether <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:12" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> this name was giuen vnto them, rather for their tyrannie and oppreſſion of the people, then for their greateneſſe of bodie, or whe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther the worde <hi rend="text">Gygas</hi> dooeth onelye ſignifie <hi rend="text">Indigenas,</hi> or homelinges, borne in the lande or not, neyther whether all men were of like quantitie in ſtature and farre more greater in olde tyme then at this preſent they be, and yet abſolutely I denie neyther of theſe, ſith very probable reaſons may be brought for eche of the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, but eſpecially the laſt rehearſed, whoſe confirmation dependeth vpon the au<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thorityes of ſundrie auncient writers, who make diuers of Noble race, equall to the Gyauntes in ſtrength, and manhoode, and yet doe not gyue the ſame name vnto them, by<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cauſe their quarels were iuſt, and commonly taken in hande, for defence of the oppreſſed. Example hereof, alſo we may take of <hi rend="text">Hercu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>les</hi> and <hi rend="text">Antheus,</hi> <note place="margin">Antheus.</note> whoſe wreſtling declareth that they were equall in ſtature & ſtomacke, ſuch alſo was the courage of <hi rend="text">Antheus,</hi> that being often ouercome, and as it were vtter<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly vanquiſhed by the ſayde <hi rend="text">Hercules,</hi> yet if he did eftſoones returne agayne into his king<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dome, he furthw<hi rend="sup">t</hi> recouered his force, retur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned & helde <hi rend="text">Hercules</hi> tacke, till he gate at the laſt betwéene him & home, ſo cutting of the farder hope of the reſtoring of his army, and killing finally his aduerſarie in the field. The like doe our hiſtories report of <hi rend="text">Corineus</hi> and <hi rend="text">Gomagot,</hi> <note place="margin">Corineus. Gomagot.</note> who fought a combate hande to hande, till one of them was ſlayne, & yet for all this no man reputeth <hi rend="text">Corineus</hi> for a Gy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>aunt. But ſith I ſaye it is not my purpoſe to ſtande vppon theſe pointes, I paſſe ouer to ſpeake any more of them, and where as alſo I might haue procéeded in ſuch order, that I ſhoulde firſt ſet downe by many circumſtan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ces, whether any Gyauntes were, then whe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther they were of ſuch huge & incredible ſta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ture, as the authours doe remember, and fi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nally whether any of them haue béene in this our ylande or not, I proteſt playnly that my minde is not nowe bent to deale in any ſuch maner, but rather generally to confirme and by ſufficient authoritie that there haue bene mightye men of ſtature, and ſome of them alſo in Britaine, as by particular examples ſhalbe manifeſtly confirmed without y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> obſer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uation of any methode, or ſuch diuiſio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> in the rehearſal hereof as ſound order doth require.</p> <p>Moſes the Prophet of the Lord, writing of the ſtate of things before the flood hath theſe wordes in his booke of generations.<note place="margin">Cap. 6. ver. 4.</note> In theſe daies ſaith he, there were Giau<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ts vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> erth, <hi rend="text">Beroſus,</hi> <note place="margin">Antidi. 1.</note> alſo the Chalde, writeth that néere vnto <hi rend="text">Libanus</hi> there was a city called Denon (which I take to be Henoch, builded ſomtime by Cham) wherein Gyauntes dyd inhabit, who truſting to the ſtrength and hugeneſſe of their bodies, dyd verye great oppreſſion and miſchiefe in the worlde. The Hebrues called them generally by the name of <hi rend="text">Enach</hi> per<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>aduenture of Henoch the ſonne of Cain, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> whom that peſtile<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t race at the firſt deſce<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ded.</p> <p>And of theſe mo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſters alſo ſome families re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mained vnto the time of Moſes, in compari<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſon of whom the children of Iſraell confeſſed themſelues to be but Graſhoppers,<note place="margin">Nu. cap<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> <hi rend="text">verſ.</hi> 3<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> 34.</note> which is one noble teſtimonie that the word <hi rend="text">Gygas</hi> or <hi rend="text">Enach</hi> is ſo well taken for a man of huge ſtature, as for an homeborne childe, wicked tyraunt, and oppreſſour of the people.</p> <p>Furthermore, there is mention made alſo of Og, ſometyme king of Baſan,<note place="margin">Deut. 3<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> verſ. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Og <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Baſa<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>.</note> who was the laſt of the race of the Gyaunts, that was left in the lande of promiſe to be ouercome by the Iſraelites, whoſe bedde was afterwarde ſhewed for a woonder at Rabbath (a citie of the Ammonites) and conteyned 9. cubites in length and 4. in bredth, which cubites I take to be geometricall, that is, eache one ſixe of the ſmaller<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> as dyd thoſe alſo whereof the Arke was made, as our Diuines affirme.</p> <p>In the firſt of Samuell you ſhall reade of Goliath a philiſtine,<note place="margin">Cap. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> ver. 4.5<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> Goliath<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> </note> the weight of whoſe Ta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>berde or iacke was of fiue hundreth ſicles, or ſo many ounces, that is, 312. pounde after the rate of a ſicle to an ounce, his ſpeare was like a weauers beame, the onelye head whereof weighed 600. ounces of yron, or 37. pounde and a halfe engliſh, his height alſo was mea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſured at 6. cubites and an hande bredth, all which do importe that he was a notable Gy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>aunt, and a man of great ſtrength to weare ſuch an armour & beweld ſo heauy a launce.</p> <p>In the ſecond of Samuell,<note place="margin">Cap. 21. ver. 16.17. &c.</note> I finde report of 4. Gyaunts borne in Geth, of which the third was like vnto Goliath, & the fourth had 24. fingers and toes, whereby it is euident, that the generation of Gyaunts were not extin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>guiſhed in Paleſtine, vntill the tyme of Da<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uid, which was 2890. after the floude, nor vt<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>terly conſumed in <hi rend="text">Og,</hi> as ſome of our expoſi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tours woulde haue it.</p> <p>Now to come vnto our chriſten writers, for although the authorities already alleged out of the worde, are ſufficient to confirme my purpoſe at the full, yet will I not let to ſet downe ſuch other notes as experience hath reuealed, onelye to the ende that the reader ſhall not thinke the name of Gyaunts, with their quantities, and other circumſtaunces, mentioned in the ſcriptures, rather to haue ſome miſticall interpretation, depending vp<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pon them, then that the ſence of the text in this behalfe is to be taken ſimple as it lyeth <!--<pb n="4" facs="tcp:29044:12"/>--> <hi rend="text">S. Auguſtine</hi> noteth how he ſaw the tooth of a man,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e ciuitate <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>i lib. 15. p. 9.</note> wherof he tooke good aduiſement & pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nounced in the ende that it would haue made 100. of his owne, or any other mans that ly<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ued in his tyme. The like hereof alſo doeth <hi rend="text">Iohn Bocaſe</hi> ſet downe,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>hannes <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ccatius.</note> in the 48. Chapter of his fift booke, ſaying that in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> caue of a mou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tayne, not farre from <hi rend="text">Drepanum,</hi> (a towne of <hi rend="text">Sicilia</hi>) the body of an excéeding high Gyaunt was diſcouered, thrée of whoſe téeth did weigh 100. ounces, which being conuerted into En<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gliſh poiſe, doth yéelde 8. pounde and 4. oun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ces, after twelue ounces to the pounde.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>at. Weſt<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on.</note>The bodye of <hi rend="text">Pallas</hi> was founde in Italy, in the yeare of grace. 1038. and being mea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſured it conteined 20. foote in le<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>gth, this <hi rend="text">Pallas</hi> was co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>panion with <hi rend="text">Aeneas.</hi> There was a car<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>caſe alſo laid bare in England vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the ſhore,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>hannes <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>land. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>aſſeus. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>.</note> (where the beating of the ſea had waſhed a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>way y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> yearth from the ſtone wherein it lay) & when it was taken vp, it conteined, 50. foote in meaſure, as our hiſtories doe reporte. The lyke was ſéene in Wales, in the yeare. 1087. of 14. foote. I<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <hi rend="text">Perth</hi> moreouer a village in Scotlande another was taken vp, which to this day they ſhewe in a Church, vnder the name of little Iohn, being alſo 14. foote in length as diuers doe affirme which haue be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>holden the ſame. In the yeare of grace. 1475. the bodye of <hi rend="text">Tulliola</hi> daughter vnto <hi rend="text">Cicero,</hi> was taken vp and found higher by not a fewe féete then the common ſorte of women liuing in thoſe dayes. <hi rend="text">Geruaſius Tilberienſis,</hi> hedde Marſhall to the King of Arles writeth,<note place="margin">Geruaſius Tilberien<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſis.</note> in his Chronicle dedicated to <hi rend="text">Otho.</hi> 4. howe that at <hi rend="text">Iſoretum,</hi> in the ſuburbes of Paris, he ſawe the bodye of a man that was twentye foote long, beſide the heade and necke, which was miſſing and not founde, the owner ha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uing peraduenture bene beheadded for ſome notable treſpaſſe committed in times paſt.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Thomas <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>liot.</note>A carkaſſe was taken vp at Iuye Church nere Saliſburye but of late to ſpeake of, al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>moſt 14 foote long.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>eland.</note>In Gilleſland in Come Whitton paroche not far from the chappell of the Moore, ſixe miles by Eaſt from Carleill, a coffin of ſtone was founde, and therein the bones of a man, of more then incredible greatnes.</p> <p>Richarde Grafton, in his Manuell telleth of one whoſe ſhinne bone conteined ſixe foote,<note place="margin">Richard Grafton.</note> &. his ſcul ſo great that it was able to receiue 5. pe<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>kes of wheate, wherefore by coniecturall ſymmetrye of theſe partes, his bodye muſt néedes be of 28. foote, or rather more, if it were diligently diſcuſſed.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ilueſter <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>yraldus.</note>The body of king Arthur being found in the yere 1189. was two foote higher than any man that came to behold y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame, finally the carcas of William conquerour was ſéene not many yeares ſince, in the Citie of Cane,<note place="margin">Conſtans fama Ga<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lorum.</note> twelue yn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ches longer, by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> iudgment of ſuch as ſaw it, tha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> any man which dwelled in the countrey, all which teſtimonies I note togither bicauſe they procéede from Chriſtian writers, from whome nothing ſhoulde bée farther or more diſtant, then of ſet purpoſe to lie, & féede the world with Fables. Nowe it reſteth further<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>more y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> I ſet downe, what I haue read therof in Pagane writers, who had alwayes great regarde of their credit, and ſo ought all men that dedicate any thing vnto poſteritie, leaſt in going about otherwiſe to reape renowme and praiſe, they doe procure vnto themſelues in the ende nothing elſe but méere contempt and infamy: for my part I will touch rare thinges, and ſuch as to my ſelfe doe ſéeme almoſt incredible: howbeitas I find them, ſo I note them, requiring your Honour in rea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding hereof, to let euerye Author beare hys owne burden, and euery Oxe his bundle.</p> <p> <hi rend="text">Plutarche</hi> telleth howe <hi rend="text">Sertorius</hi> being in Libia, néere vnto the ſtréetes of <hi rend="text">Maroco,</hi> <note place="margin">In vita Ser<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>torij de Antheo.</note> cau<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed the Sepulchre of <hi rend="text">Antheus,</hi> afore remem<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bred to be opened, for heareing by co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>mon re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>port that the ſaide Gyaunt lay buryed there, whoſe corps was 50. cubits long at the leaſt, he was ſo far of fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> crediting the ſame, that he would not beleue it, vntil he ſaw the coffin o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pen wherein the bones of the aforeſaid prince did reſt. To be ſhort therefore, he cauſed his ſouldiers to caſt downe the hil made ſomtime ouer the tombe, and finding the bodie in the bottome, after the meaſure thereof taken, he ſawe it manifeſtly, to be 60. cubits in length, which were ten more then the people made accompt of.</p> <p> <hi rend="text">Philoſtrate in Heroices</hi> ſayth,<note place="margin">Philoſtrate</note> how he ſawe the body of a Gyant 30. cubits in length, alſo the carkaſſe of another of 22. and the thirde, of 12.</p> <p> <hi rend="text">Plinie</hi> telleth of an Earthquake at <hi rend="text">Creta,</hi> <note place="margin">Lib. 7.</note> which diſcouered the body of a Gyant, which was 46. cubits in length after the Romaine ſtanderde, and by dyuers ſuppoſed to be the bodye of <hi rend="text">Orion</hi> or <hi rend="text">Aetion.</hi> </p> <p> <hi rend="text">Trallianus</hi> writeth howe the Athenienſes digging on a time in the grounde to laye the foundatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of their new walles in the dayes of an <hi rend="text">Emperour,</hi> <note place="margin">Trallianus.</note> did finde the bones of Macro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſyris in a coffin of harde ſtone, of 10. cubites in length after the accompt of the Romaine cubite, which was then a foote and an halfe & not much diffrence from halfe a yarde of our meaſure nowe in Englande. In the time of Hadriane themperour the body of a Gyaunt was take vp at <hi rend="text">Meſſana</hi> conteining 20. foote in length, & hauing a double row of téeth, yet <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:13"/>--> ſtanding whole in his chaps, In Dalmatia, manye graues were ſhaken open with an earthquake, in one of which aboue the reſt, a carcaſſe was found whoſe ribbe conteined 16. elles, after the Romaine meaſure, whereby y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> whole body was iudged to be 64. ſith y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> lo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>geſt rib is co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>monly about y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> fourth part of a man, as ſome <hi rend="text">Simmetricie<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s</hi> affirme, <hi rend="text">Arrhianꝰ</hi> ſaith that in the time of Alexander the bodies of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Aſianes were generally of huge ſtature, and commonly of 5. cubits, ſuch was the height of Porus of Inde, whome Alexander vanqui<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhed and ouerthrew in battaile. Sudas ſpea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>keth in like maner of Ganges, killed likewiſe by the ſayd prince, who farre excéeded Porus for he was 10. cubits lo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g. But of al theſe this one example ſhall paſſe, which I doe reade alſo in <hi rend="text">Trallianus</hi> & he ſetteth downe in forme and manner following.</p> <p> <note place="margin">I mouth of 16. foote wide.</note>In the daies of <hi rend="text">Tiberius</hi> themperor ſaith he a corps was left bare or layde open after an erthquake of which eche tooth co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>teined 12. yn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ches ouer at y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> leſt, now foraſmuch as in ſuch as bée full mouthed eche chap hath 16. teeth at the leaſt, which is 32. in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> whole, néedes muſt the wydeneſſe of this mannes chappes be ſixetéene foote, and the opening of his lippes 10. A large mouth in mine opinion and not to féede with Ladies of my time, beſides that if occaſion ſerued, it was able to receiue the whole bodye of a man, I meane of ſuch as flouriſh in our daies. Whe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> this careaſſe was thus founde, euery man marueyled at it and good cauſe why, a meſſenger alſo was ſente vnto Tiberius themperour to know his plea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſure,<note place="margin">A cou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ter<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>feete made of a mon<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtrous car<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>caſſe by one tooth taken out of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> head.</note> whether he wold haue the ſame brought euer vnto Rome or not, but he forbade them, willing his Legate not to remooue the deade out of his reſting place, but rather to ſende him a tooth out of his head, which being done, he gaue the ſame to a cunning workeman, commanding him to ſhape a carcaſſe of light matter, after the proporcion of the tooth, that at the leaſt by ſuch meanes he might ſatiſfie his curious minde, and the fantaſies of ſuch as are delited with newes.</p> <p> <note place="margin">This man was more fauorable to this mo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſter then our pa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>piſts were to the bo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dies of the dead who tare them in péeces to make mo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ney of the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>.</note>To be ſhort whe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the ymage was once made and ſet vp an end, it appeared rather an huge colloſſy then the true repreſentation of the carcaſſe of a man, and when it had ſtande in Rome vntill the people were wearye of it and thorowly ſatiſfied with the ſight thereof, he cauſed it to bée broken all to péeces, and the tooth ſent againe to the carcaſſe from whence it came, willing them moreouer to couer it diligently, & in any wiſe not to diſme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber the corps, nor from thencefoorth to bée ſo hardie as to open the ſepulchre any more. I could rehearſe many mo examples of the bo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dies of ſuch men, out of Solinus, <hi rend="text">Sabellicus</hi> Cooper, and other, but theſe here ſhall ſuffiſe to prooue my purpoſe with all. I might tell you in like ſorts of the ſtone which <hi rend="text">Turnus</hi> threwe at <hi rend="text">Aeneas,</hi> which was ſuch as that 12. choſen and picked men <q xml:lang="lat">(<hi rend="text">Qualia nunc hominum producit corpora tellus.</hi> <note place="margin">Vis vnit<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> fortior eſt eadem di<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>perſa.</note>)</q> were not able to ſturre and remooue out of the place, but I paſſe it ouer, & diuers of the like, concluding that theſe huge blockes were ordeined and created by God: firſt for a teſti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>monie vnto vs, of his power and myght, ſe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>condly for a confirmation that hugeneſſe of bodye is not to be accompted, of as a part of our felicitie, ſith they which poſſeſſed y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame, were not onely tyrauntes, doltyſh, and euyll men, but alſo oftentimes ouercome euen by the weake and féeble. Finally they were ſuch in déede as in whome the Lorde delited not, according to the ſaying of the Prophet Ba<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ruch.</p> <p> <hi rend="text">Ibi fuerunt gigantes nominati, illi qui ab ini<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tio fuerunt ſtatura magna, ſcientes bellum,<note place="margin">Cap. 3.<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> hos non elegit dominus, neque illis viam diſciplinae dedit, propterea perierunt, & quoniam no<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> ha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>buerunt ſapientiam, interierunt propter ſuam inſipientiam. &c.</hi> </p> <p>There were the Gyants, famous from the beginning, that were of ſo great ſtature & ſo expert in warre. Thoſe did not the Lorde chooſe neither gaue he the way of knowledge vnto them. But they were deſtroied, becauſe they had no wiſedome, and periſhed through their owne fooliſhneſſe.</p> </div> <div n="5" type="chapter"> <head>Of the generall Language vſed from time to time in Britaine. Chap. 5.</head> <p>WHat language came firſt wyth Sa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mothes & afterwarde with Albion,<note place="margin">Bryttiſh.</note> & the Gyants of his co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>panie,<note place="margin">Small difference betwene brittiſh & Celtike languag<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> it is hearde for me to determine, ſith nothing of ſound credit re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mayneth in writing which maye reſolus vs in the truth hereof, yet of ſo much are we cer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>teine, that the ſpeach of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> auncient Britons, and of the Celtes had great affinitie one with another, ſo that they were either all one, or at the leaſtwyſe ſuch as eyther nation wyth ſmal helpe of interpreters might vnderſtand other, and readily diſcerne what the ſpeaker did meane.</p> <p>The Brittiſh tongue doth yet remayne in that part of the Iſlande,<note place="margin">Brittiſh corrupted by the La<g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>tine and Saxon ſpeaches.</note> which is nowe cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led Wales, whether the Britons were driue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> after the Saxons had made a full conqueſt of the other, which we nowe call Englande, al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>though the priſtinate integritie therof be not <!--<pb n="5" facs="tcp:29044:13"/>--> a little diminiſhed by mixture of the Latine & Saxon ſpeaches, howbeit, many poeſies and writings, (in making whereof that nation hath euermore excelled) are yet extant in my time, whereby ſome difference betwéene the auncie<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t & preſent language, may eaſily be diſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cerned, notwithſtanding that amo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g all theſe there is nothing to be founde, which can ſet downe any ſounde teſtimonie of their owne originall, in remembraunce whereof, their <hi rend="text">Bardes</hi> & cunning men haue bene moſt ſlacke and negligent. It is a ſpeache in mine opinio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> much ſauouring of that, which was ſome<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>time vſed in Grecia, and learned by the re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>liques of the Troyanes, whyleſt they were captiue there, but how ſoeuer the matter ſtandeth, after it came once ouer into this I<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſlande, ſure it is, that it could neuer be extin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>guiſhed for all the atte<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>pts that the Romains, Saxons, Normans, and Engliſhmen coulde make againſt that nation, in any maner of wyſe.</p> <p> <note place="margin">The Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ons deli<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ent in pe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>grées.</note>Petigrées & genealogies alſo the Welche Brytons haue plentie in their owne tongue, inſomuch that many of them can readily de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>riue the ſame, eyther from Brute or ſome of his bande, euen vnto <hi rend="text">Aeneas</hi> and other of the Troyanes, and ſo forth vnto Noah without any maner of ſtoppe, but as I know not what credite is to be giuen vnto them in this be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>halfe, ſo I dare not abſolutely impugne their aſſertions, ſith that in times paſt all nations (learning it no dout of the Hebrues) did very ſolemnely preſerue the Cataloges of their diſcent, thereby eyther to ſhew themſelues of auncient and noble race, or elſe to be diſcen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ded from ſome one of the goddes.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>atine.</note>Next vnto the Brittiſhe ſpeache, the latine tongue was brought in by the Romaines, whereof I will not ſay much, bycauſe there are few which be not ſkilfull in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame. How<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>beit as the ſpeache it ſelfe is eaſie and delecta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ble, ſo hath it peruerted the names of the auncient ryuers, regions, and cities of Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tayne in ſuch wyſe, that in theſe our dayes their olde Brittiſh denominations are quite growen out of memorie, and thoſe of the new latine, left as moſt incertayne. This remay<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth alſo vnto my tyme, borowed from the Romaynes that all our déedes, euidences, charters, and writinges of recorde, are ſet downe in the latine tongue, and therevnto the copies and courtrolles, and proceſſes of courtes and leetes regiſtred in the ſame.</p> <p> <note place="margin">The Sa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>on tong.</note>The thirde language apparauntly knowen is the Scythian or highe Dutche, brought in at the firſt by the Saxons, an hard and rough kinde of ſpeach god wotte, when our nation was brought firſt into acquaintance withall, but now chaunged with vs into a farre more fine and eaſie kind of vtteraunce, and ſo poli<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhed and helped with new and milder wordes that it is to be aduouched howe there is no one ſpeache vnder the ſonne ſpoken in our time, that hath or can haue more varietie of words, copie of phraſes, or figures or floures of eloquence, the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> hath our Engliſhe tongue, although ſome haue affirmed vs rather to barke as dogs, then talke like men, becauſe the moſt of our wordes (as they doe in déede) incline vnto one ſyllable.</p> <p>After the Saxon tongue came the Norma<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> or Frenche language,<note place="margin">The Fre<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>che tong.</note> ouer into our countrey and therein were our lawes written for a lo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g tyme, our children alſo were by an eſpeciall decrée taught firſt to ſpeake the ſame, and all to exile the Engliſhe and Brittiſhe ſpeaches out of the cou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>try, but in vaine, for in the time of king Edwarde the firſt, and towarde the latter ende of his reigne, the Frenche it ſelfe ceaſed to be ſpoken generally, and then be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ganne the Engliſhe to recouer and growe in more eſtimation then before, notwithſta<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ding that amo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g our artificers, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> moſt part of their implements & tooles reteine ſtil their French denominatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s to theſe our daies, as the lan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>guage it ſelf, is vſed likewiſe in ſu<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>dry courts, bookes and matters of law, wherof here is no place to make any farder rehearſall. After<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ward alſo, by the diligent trauelle of Geffray Chauſer, and Iohn Gowre in the time of Ri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>chard the ſecond, & after the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of Iohn Scoga<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, & Iohn Lydgate monke of Berry, our tong was brought to an excellent paſſe, notwith<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtanding that it neuer came, vnto the typpe of perfection, vntill the time of Quéene Eliza<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>beth, wherein many excellent writers haue fully accompliſhed the ornature of the ſame, to their great prayſe and immortall comme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dation. But as this excellencie of the Engliſh tongue is founde in one, and the ſouth part of this Iſlande, ſo in Wales the greateſt no<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber as I ſayde retayne ſtill their owne aun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cient language, that of the North part of the ſayd countrey, being leſſe corrupted then the other, and therefore reputed for the better in their owne eſtimation and iudgement.</p> <p>The Corniſh and Deuonſhire men,<note place="margin">The Cor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>niſh to<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>gue.</note> haue a ſpeach in like ſorte of their owne, and ſuch as hath in déede more affinity with the Armori<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cane tongue, then I can well diſcuſſe of, yet in mine opinio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> they are both but a corrupted kinde of Brittiſh, albeit ſo farre degenera<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ting in theſe dayes, that if eyther of them do méete wyth a Welch man, they are not able at the firſt to vnderſtand one another, except here and therein ſome odde wordes, without the helpe of interpretours. And no marueile <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:14"/>--> in mine opinion that the Brittiſh of Corne<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wall is thus corrupted, ſith the Welch tong that is ſpoken in the north and ſouth part of Wales, doth differ ſo much in it ſelfe as the Engliſh vſed in Scotlande, doth from that which is ſpoken among vs here in this ſide of the Iſlande, as I haue ſaide already.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Scottiſhe engliſh.</note>The Scottiſh engliſhe is much broader and leſſe pleaſaunt in vtterance, then ours, becauſe that nation hath not hitherto inde<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uoured to bring the ſame to any perfit order, and yet it is ſuch in maner, as Engliſhmen themſelues doe ſpeake, for the moſt part be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>yonde the Trent, whether the aforeſayde a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mendement of our language, hath not as yet very much extended it ſelfe.</p> <p>Thus we ſée how that vnder the domini<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on of the kinge of Englande, and in the ſouth partes of the realme, we haue thrée ſeuerall tongues, that is to ſay, Engliſh, Bryttiſh, & Corniſh, and euen ſo many are in Scotland, if you accompt the Engliſhe ſpeach for one: notwithſtanding that for bredth and quanti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tie of the Region, it be ſomewhat leſſe to ſée to then the other. For in the North part of the Region,<note place="margin">The wilde Scottes.</note> where the wilde Scottes, other<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wyſe called the Redſhankes, or Rough footed Scottes (bycauſe they go bare footed & clad in mantels ouer their ſaffron ſhirtes after the Iriſhe maner) doe inhabite,<note place="margin">Redſha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ks. Rough foo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted Scots.</note> they ſpeake good Iriſhe,<note place="margin">Iriſh ſpe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>che.</note> whereby they ſhew their origi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nall to haue in times paſt bene fetched out of Irelande.</p> <p>In the Iſles of the Orcades, or Orkeney, as they now call them, and ſuch coaſtes of Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>taine as doe abutte vpon the ſame, the Got<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tiſh or Dainſh ſpeach is altogither in vſe, by reaſon as I take it, that the princes of Nor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>way helde thoſe Iſlandes ſo long vnder their ſubiection, albeit they were otherwyſe re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>puted, rather to belong vnto Irelande, by<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cauſe that the very ſoyle of them is enemie to poyſon, as ſome write, although for my part I had neuer experience of the truth her<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of. And thus much haue I thought good to ſpeake of theſe fiue languages nowe vſually ſpoken within the limites of our Iſlande.</p> </div> <div n="6" type="chapter"> <head>Into how many kingdomes the Iſle of Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>taine hath bene deuided at once in olde time. Cap. 6.</head> <p> <note place="margin">Britaine at the firſt one entier kingdome.</note>IT is not to be doubted, but that at the firſt the whole Iſlande was ruled by one onely prince, and ſo continued from time to time, vntill ciuile diſcorde, grounded vpon ambi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tions deſire to reigne, cauſed the ſame to be gouerned by diuers. And this I meane ſo wel of the time before the comming of Brute, as after the extinction of his whole race and po<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſterity. Howbeit as it is incerteine, into how many regions it was ſeuered after the firſt particion, ſo it is moſt ſure that this latter diſturbed eſtate of regiment, continued in the ſame, not onely vntill the time of <hi rend="text">Caeſar,</hi> but alſo in maner vnto the dayes of <hi rend="text">Lucius,</hi> with whome the whole race of the Britons had an ende, and the Romaynes full poſſeſſio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of this Iſlande, who gouerned it by Legates after the maner of a prouince. It ſhould ſeme alſo y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> within a whyle after the time of Dun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wallon (who rather brought thoſe 4. Prin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ces that vſurped in his tyme to obedience, then extinguiſhed their titles, and ſuch parti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tion as they had made of the Iſlande among the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſelues) eche great citie had hir fréedome and ſeuerall kinde of regiment, proper vnto hir ſelfe, beſide a large circuite of the country appertinent vnto the ſame, wherin were ſun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>drye other cities alſo of leſſe name, which ought homage & all ſubiection vnto the grea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter ſorte. And to ſay truth hereof, it came to paſſe, that eache region, whereinto this I<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſlande was than deuided, tooke his name of ſome one of theſe as many appeare by that of the <hi rend="text">Trinobantes,</hi> which was ſo called of <hi rend="text">Trinobantum</hi> the chiefe citie of that portion, whoſe Territories, contayned all Eſſex, Middleſex, and part of Hertforde ſhire, euen as the iuriſdictio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of the Biſhop of London is now exte<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ded, for the ouerſight of ſuch things as belong vnto the Church. Eche of the go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uernours alſo of theſe regions, called them<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſelues kings, and therevnto eyther of them dayly made warre vpon other, for the inlar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ging of their limites. But foraſmuch as I am not able to ſaye howe many dyd chalenge this authoritie at once, and howe long they reigned ouer their ſeuerall portions, I will paſſe ouer theſe auncient times, and come néerer vnto our owne, I meane the 600. yere of Chriſt, wherof we haue more certayne no<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tice, & at which ſeaſon there is euident proofe, that there were 12. or 13. kinges reigning in this Iſlande.</p> <p>We finde therefore for the firſt,<note place="margin">Wales d<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>uided <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> thrée king<g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>domes.</note> howe that Wales had hir thrée ſeuerall kingdomes, al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>though that portion of the Iſlande extended in thoſe dayes no farder the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> about 200. miles in length, & one hundred in bredth, and was cut from Lhoegres by the riuers Sauerne & Dée, of which two ſtreames this doth fall in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to the Iriſh ſea at Cheſter, the other into the mayne Oceane, betwixt Somerſetſhire and Southwales, as their ſeuerall courſes doe witneſſe more at large.</p> <p>In the beginning it was deuided into two kingdomes onely, that is to ſay, <hi rend="text">Venedotia, <!--<pb n="6" facs="tcp:29044:14"/>--> Gwinhed,</hi> <note place="margin">Gwinhed.</note> and <hi rend="text">Demetia,</hi> for which we now vſe moſt commonlye the names of South and North Wales, but in proceſſe of tyme a thirde ſprange vp in the verye middeſt be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twéene them both, which from thenceforth was called Powyſy, as ſhalbe ſhewed here<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>after.</p> <p>The firſt of theſe thrée, being called as I ſayd Northwales or <hi rend="text">Venedotia</hi> (or as <hi rend="text">Paulus,</hi> <note place="margin">Venedotia.</note> <hi rend="text">Iouius</hi> ſaith <hi rend="text">Malfabrene,</hi> for he deuideth wales alſo into thrée regions, of whiche he calleth y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> firſt <hi rend="text">Dumbera,</hi> the ſeconde <hi rend="text">Berfrona,</hi> & the third <hi rend="text">Malfabrene</hi>) lyeth directly ouer againſt y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Iſle of Angleſey.<note place="margin">Angleſey.</note> It containeth 4. regions, of which the ſayde Iſland is the firſt, & wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of in the chapter inſuing I wil intreate more at large.<note place="margin">Arfon.</note> The ſeconde is called Arfon, and ſi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tuate betwéene two ryuers, the Segwy & the Conwy:<note place="margin">Merio<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth.</note> The thirde is Merioneth, & as it is ſeuered from Arfon by the Conwy, ſo is it ſe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>parated from Tegenia, (otherwyſe called Stradcluyd & Igenia the fourth regio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>) by the riuer Cluda.<note place="margin">Strad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cluyd or Tegenia.</note> Finally the limits alſo of thys latter: are extended alſo, euen vnto the Dée it ſelfe, and of theſe 4. Regions, conſiſteth the kingdome of <hi rend="text">Venedotia,</hi> wherof in times paſt the region of the Canges was not the ſmal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leſt portion.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Powiſy.</note>The kingdome of Powiſy, laſt of all erec<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted, as I ſayde, hath on the north ſide Gwin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hed on the Eaſt (from Cheſter to Hereforde, or rather the Deane foreſt) Englande: on the ſouth and weſt the ryuer Wy, and very highe hilles, whereby it is notablye ſeuered from Southwales, the chiefe citie thereof being Shropſhyre, that nowe is inhabited with méere Engliſh, and where, in olde time the kinges of Powyſy dyd dwell and holde their pallaces. Vpon the limits of this king<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dome, and not farre from Holt caſtell, vpon eache ſide of the riuer, as the chanell nowe runneth, ſtoode ſometime the famous Mona<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtery of Ba<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>gor,<note place="margin">Bangor.</note> whyleſt the abated glory of the Britons, yet remayned vnextinguiſhed, & herin were 2100. monkes, of which, the lear<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned ſort dyd preache the Goſpell, and the vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>learned laboured with their hands, therby to mainteyne themſelues, and to ſuſtaine their preachers. This Region was in lyke ſort de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uided afterward in twaine, of which, the one was called <hi rend="text">Mailor</hi> or <hi rend="text">Mailroſſe,</hi> the other re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tayned ſtill hir olde denomination, & of theſe the firſt lay by ſouth, and the latter by north of the Sauerne, whereof let this ſuffice, ſith mine intent is not as nowe to make any pre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ciſe deſcriptio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, of the particulars of Wales, but onely to ſhewe, howe thoſe regions laye, which ſometime were knowen to be gouer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned in that countrey.</p> <p>The third kingdome is <hi rend="text">Demetia,</hi> <note place="margin">Demetia.</note> or South<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wales, ſometime knowen for the region of the Syllures, wherevnto I alſo am perſwa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ded, that the <hi rend="text">Ordolukes</hi> lay in the Eaſt part thereof, and extended their region, euen vnto the Sauerne: but howſoeuer that matter fal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leth out, <hi rend="text">Demetia</hi> hath the Sauerne on hir ſouth, the Iriſh ſea on hir weſt partes, on the eaſt the Sauerne only, and by North the land of Powyſy, whereof I ſpake of late.</p> <p>Of this region alſo Caermarden, which the olde writers call <hi rend="text">Maridunum,</hi> was the chiefe pallace, vntill at the laſt thorowe forren and ciuill inuaſions of enimies, that the Princes thereof were conſtrayned to remooue theyr courts to <hi rend="text">Dinefar</hi> (which is in Cantermawr, and ſituate neuertheleſſe vppon the ſame ry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer Tewye whereon Cairmarden ſtand<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth) where it is farre better defended with high hilles, thicke wooddes, craggy rockes, and déepe mariſes. In this region alſo lyeth Pembroke ſhyre, whoſe fawcons haue bene in olde time very much regarded, and there in likewyſe is Milforde hauen, whereof the Welch wyfards doe dreame ſtraunge toyes, which they beléeue, ſhall one daye come to paſſe.</p> <p>That Scotlande had in theſe dayes two Kingdomes,<note place="margin">Pictland. Scotland. Pictes. Scottes.</note> (beſides that of the <hi rend="text">Orchades</hi>) wherof the one conſiſted of the Pictes, & was called Pightland or Pictlande, the other of the Scottiſh race, & named Scotland: I hope no wiſe man will readily denie. The whole regio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> or portion of the Iſle beyonde the Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tiſh ſea alſo was ſo diuided that y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Pictes lay on the Eaſt ſide, and the Scots, on the Weſt, eche of them being ſeuered from other, eyther by huge hilles or great lakes and riuers, that ran out of the South into the north betwéene them: Wherefore the caſe being ſo playne, I will ſay no more of theſe twoo but procéede in order wyth the rehearſall of the reſt of the particular kingdoms of this our ſouth part of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Ile, limiting out y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame by ſhyres as they now lye, ſo nere as I ca<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, for otherwiſe it ſhal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>be impoſſible for me to leaue certaine notice of the likelieſt quantities of theſe their ſeue<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rall portions.</p> <p>The firſt of theſe kingdomes therfore was begonne in Kent by <hi rend="text">Henghiſt</hi> in the 456.<note place="margin">Ke<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t Hen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ghiſt.</note> of Chriſt, and thereof called the kingdome of Kent: and as the limites thereof extended it ſelf no farther then the ſayde countie (y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> chiefe Citie whereof was <hi rend="text">Dorobernia</hi> or Canter<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bury) ſo it endured well nere by the ſpace of 400. yeares, before it was made an Earle<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dome, and vnited by Inas vnto that of the Weſt Saxons, Athelſtane his ſonne, being y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> firſt Earle or heretoche of the ſame. Maiſter <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:15"/>--> Lambert in his hyſtorie of Kent doth gather, by very probable coniectures, that this part of the Iſlande was firſt inhabited, by <hi rend="text">Samo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thes,</hi> and afterwarde by Albion: but howſoe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer that caſe ſtandeth, ſure it is that it hath bene the onely doore, whereby the Romaines and Saxons made their entrie vnto the con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>queſt of the region. And as this cannot be denyed, ſo it was the onelye place by which the knowledge of Chriſt was firſt brought ouer vnto vs, whereby we became partakers of ſaluation, and from the darkneſſe of miſty errour, true conuerts vnto the light, & bright beames of the ſhining truth, to our eternall benefit, and endleſſe comforts hereafter.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Southſax. Ella.</note>The ſecond Kingdome conteined only Suſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſex & a part of Surrey, which Ella the Saxon firſt helde: who alſo erected his chiefe pallace at Chicheſter, whe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> he had deſtroied Andredſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>walde in the 492. of Chriſt, and after it had continued by the ſpace of 232. yeares, it ceaſed being the very beaſt Kingdome of all the reſt, which were founded in this yle after the com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ming of the Saxons.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Eſtſax. Erken<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>w<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>jn.</note>The third regiment was of the Eaſt Sax<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ons, or <hi rend="text">Trinoba<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tes.</hi> This kingdome began vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>der Erkenwijne, whoſe chiefe ſeate was in Londo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> (or Colcheſter) & co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>teined whole Eſſex, & part of Herfordſhyre. It indured alſo much about the pricke of 303. yeres, & was diuided fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> that of the Eaſt angles onely by the riuer Stour, as Houeden & other doe report, & ſo it continueth ſeperated from Suffolke euen vnto our times, although the ſayde riuer be growne very ſmall, and not of ſuch greatnes as it hath bene in times paſt, by reaſon that our Country men make ſmall accompt of ri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uers, thinking carriage made by horſe & cart to be the leſſe chargeable waye. But herein how far they are deceyued, I will elſewhere make manifeſt declaration.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Weſtſax.</note>The fourth kingdome was of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Weſt Sax<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ons, and ſo called bycauſe it lay in the Weſt part of the realme, as that of Eſſex did in the Eaſt, of Suſſex and South. It began in the yeare of grace 549.<note place="margin">Cerdijc.</note> vnder Cerdijc, & indured vntil the comming of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Normanes, including Willſhyre, Barkeſhyre, Dorſet, Southamp<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton, Su<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>merſetſhyre Gloſterſhyre, ſome part of Deuonſhyre (which the Brytons occupied not) Cornewal and the reſt of Surrey, as the beſt authours do ſet downe. The chiefe Citie of this Kingdome alſo was Wincheſter, ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cept my memory doe fayle me.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Br<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>nicia, <hi rend="text">alias</hi> Nor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thumber<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land, Ida.</note>The fift Kingdome beganne vnder Ida, in the 548. of Chriſt being called now Northu<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>berland becauſe it laye by North of the riuer Humber, it conteined all that region which as it ſhoulde ſéeme, was in time paſt eyther wholly apperteining to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> <hi rend="text">Brigants,</hi> or where<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of of the ſayde <hi rend="text">Brigants,</hi> did poſſeſſe the greater part. The chiefe Citie of the ſame in like ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ner was Yorke, as <hi rend="text">Leyland</hi> and other doe ſet downe, who adde thereto that it extended fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the humber vnto the Scottiſh ſea.</p> <p>Afterwarde in the yeare of grace 560.<note place="margin">Deira, Ella.</note> it was parted in twaine, vnder Adda, that yéel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ded vp all hys portion, which laye betwéene humber and the Line vnto his Brother Ella (according to their Fathers appointment) who called it Deira, or Southumberlande, but reteyning the reſt ſtil vnto his owne vſe, he diminiſhed not his title, but wrote himſelf as before king of al Northumberland. How<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>beit after 91. yeres, it was reunited againe, & ſo continued vntill Alfrede vnited the whole to his kingdome, in the 331. after Ida, or 878. after the birth of Ieſus Chriſt our Sauiour.</p> <p>The 7. kingdome,<note place="margin">Eaſtangle Offa, a <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> offelings.</note> called of the Eaſtangles began at Norwitch in the 561. after Chriſt, vnder Offa, of whom they were lo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g time af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter called Offelings. This included all Nor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>folke, Suffolke, Ca<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>bridgeſhyre, & Ely, & co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tinuing 228. yeres it flouriſhed only 35. yeres in perfite eſtate of Liberte, the reaſt being conſumed vnder the trybute and vaſſallage of the mercia<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s, who had y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſouereigntye ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of, & helde it with great honour. Some take this region to be all one with that of the <hi rend="text">Ice<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nes,</hi> but as yet for my part I cannot yéelde to their aſſertions, I meane it of Lelande, him<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſelfe, whoſe helpe I vſe altogither in theſe collections, albeit in this behalfe I am not re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſolued, that he doth iudge aright.</p> <p>The 8. and laſt was that of Mercia,<note place="margin">Mertia. Creodda.</note> which indured 291. yeares, and for greatneſſe of cir<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cuit, excéeded all the reaſt. It tooke the name eyther of Mearc the Saxon word, becauſe the limits of moſt of the other kingdomes abut<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the ſame, or elſe for that the lawes of <hi rend="text">Mercia,</hi> were firſt vſed in that part of the I<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande. But as the later is but a méere coniec<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ture of ſome, ſo it began vnder <hi rend="text">Creodda,</hi> in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> 585. and indured well nere 300. yeres, before it was vnited to that of the Weſt Saxons by Alfrede, then reigning in the kingdome. Be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore him the Danes had gotten holde thereof, and placed one Ceolulphe an Ideote in the ſame, but as he was ſone reiected for his folly, ſo it was not long after ere the ſayde Alfrede annexed it to his kingdome.</p> <p>The limites of the Mertian dominio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s,<note place="margin">Limits o<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <hi rend="text">Mercia.</hi> </note> con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>teined Lincolne, Northampto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Cheſter, Dar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>by, Nottingham, Stafford, Huntington Rut<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande, Oxforde, Buckingham, Worceſter, Bedforde ſhyres, and the greateſt part of Shropſhyre (which the Welch occupied not) Lancaſter, Gloceſter, Hereford (<hi rend="text">alias</hi> Hurch<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>forde) <!--<pb n="7" facs="tcp:29044:15"/>--> Warwijc and Hertforde ſhyres, the reſt of whoſe territories were holden by ſuch princes of other kingdomes thorow force <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> bordered vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the ſame. And thus much haue I thought good to leaue in memorye of the a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>foreſaid kingdomes, not omitting in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> meane time ſomewhat here to remember of the di<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uiſion of the Iſland alſo into Prouinces, as the Romaines ſeuered it whiles they remay<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned in theſe parts. Which being done, I hope that I haue fullye diſcharged whatſoeuer is promiſed in the title of this Chapter.</p> <p>The Romaines therefore hauing obteined the poſſeſſion of this Iſland, deuided the ſame at y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> laſt into fiue Prouinces. The firſt wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of was named <hi rend="text">Brita<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>nia prima,</hi> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>itannia <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ma.</note> & conteined the eaſt part of England (as ſome doe gather) fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Trent vnto y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Twede. The ſecond was cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led <hi rend="text">Valentia,</hi> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>lentia.</note> & included the Weſt ſide as they note it, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Lirpole vnto Cokermouth. The thirde hight <hi rend="text">Britannia ſecunda,</hi> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>itannia <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>cunda.</note> and was that portion of the Ile which laye Southwardes, betwéene the Trent and the Thames. The fourth was ſurnamed <hi rend="text">Flauia Ceſarienſis:</hi> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>auia Ce<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ienſis.</note> and contayned all the countrey which remayned betwéene Douer & the Sauerne, I meane by ſouth of the Thames, and wherevnto in lyke ſort, Cornewall and Wales were orderly aſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſigned. The fift and laſt part was then named <hi rend="text">Maxima Ceſarienſis,</hi> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>axima <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>eſarien<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>.</note> now Scotland. The moſt barren of all the reaſt, & yet not vnſought out of the Romaines, bicauſe of the great plentie of fiſhe and foule, fine Alabaſtar and harde Marble, that are ingendred and to be had in the ſame, for furniture of houſholde and curious buylding, wherein they much deli<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted.</p> </div> <div n="8" type="chapter"> <head>Of the auncient Religion vſed in this Iſland, from the comming of Samothes vnto the conuerſion of the ſame vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to the faith of Chriſt. Cap. 8.</head> <p>IT is not to be doubted, but at the firſt and ſo long as the poſteritie of Iaphet onelye, reigned in this Iſlande, that the true know<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ledge and forme of religion brought in by <hi rend="text">Sa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mothes,</hi> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>amothes.</note> was exerciſed among the Britains. And although peraduenture in proceſſe of time, either thorow curioſitie, or negligence (y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> onely corrupters of true pietie and godly<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neſſe) it might a little decay, yet when it was at the woorſt, it farre excéeded the beſt of that which afterwarde came in with Albion, and his Chemminites, as maye be gathered by vewe of the ſuperſticious rites, which <hi rend="text">Cham</hi> and hys ſucceſſours dyd plant in other coun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tries, yet to be found in Authors.</p> <p>What other learning <hi rend="text">Magus</hi> the ſonne of <hi rend="text">Samothes</hi> taught after his fathers death whe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> he alſo came to the kingdome,<note place="margin">Magus.</note> beſide thys which concerned the true honoring of God, I can not eaſily ſaye, but that it ſhoulde bée naturall Philoſophie, and Aſtrology (wherby his diſciples, gathered a kinde of foreknow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ledge of thinges to come) the verye vſe of the worde <hi rend="text">Magus,</hi> among the Perſians doth yéeld no incerteine teſtimony.</p> <p>In lyke maner,<note place="margin">Sarron.</note> it ſhoulde ſéeme that <hi rend="text">Sar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ron</hi> ſonne vnto the ſayde <hi rend="text">Magus,</hi> diligentlye followed the ſteppes of hys father, & thereto opened Schooles of learning in ſundrie pla<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ces, both among the Celtes and Britaines, whereby ſuch as were his Auditours, grewe to be called <hi rend="text">Sarronides,</hi> notwithſtanding,<note place="margin">Samothei. Semnothei.</note> that aſwell the <hi rend="text">Sarronides</hi> as the <hi rend="text">Magi,</hi> (otherwiſe called <hi rend="text">Maguſei</hi>) & Druiydes, were generally called Samothei, or Semmothei, of <hi rend="text">Samo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thies</hi> ſtil among the Grecians, as <hi rend="text">Ariſtotle</hi> in his <hi rend="text">de magia,</hi> doth confeſſe, and calling them Galles, hée addeth thereunto that they firſt brought the knowledge of Letters, and good learning vnto the Gréekes.</p> <p>Druiyus the ſonne of Sarron (as a ſcholler of his fathers owne teaching) ſéemed to be exquiſite in all thinges,<note place="margin">Druiyus,</note> that pertayned vnto the deuine or humaine knowledge: and ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore I may ſafely pronounce, that he excelled not onely in the ſkill of Philoſophie: and the Quadriuialles, but alſo in the true Theolo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gie, whereby the right ſeruice of God was kept & preſerued in puritie. He wrote more<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ouer ſundry precepts, and rules of religious doctrine, which among the Celtes were re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſerued very religiouſly, and had in great eſti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mation among ſuch as ſought vnto them.</p> <p>Howe and in what order this Prince left the ſtate of religio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>,<note place="margin">Corrup<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ters of re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ligion.</note> I meane for thoſe publike orders in adminiſtration of particular rites and ceremonies, as yet I do not reade: how<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>beit this is moſt certayne that after he dyed, the purity of his doctrine began ſomewhat to decaye, for ſuch is the nature of man that it wil not ſuffer any good thing long to remaine as it is left, but (either by additio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> or ſubſtrac<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tion of this or that, to or from the ſame) ſo to chop & chaunge withal fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> time to time, that there is nothing of more difficulty, for ſuch as doe come after the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, then to find out the pu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ritie of the originall and reſtore the ſame a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gaine vnto hir former perfection.</p> <p>In the beginning this Druiyus did preach vnto his bearers,<note place="margin">Caeſar.</note> that the ſoule of man is im<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mortall, that God is omnipotent, mercyfull as a father in ſhewing fauor vnto the godly, and iuſt as an vpright Iudge, in puniſhing of the wicked. That the ſecrets of mans hart <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:16"/>--> are not vnknowen, and only knowen to him, and that as the worlde and all that is there<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>in had their beginning by him, at his owne will, ſo ſhall all things likewiſe haue an end, when he ſhal ſée his time. He taught them al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſo howe to obſerue the courſes of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> heauens,<note place="margin">Strabo. li. 4. Socton. lib. ſucceſſ. Cicero di<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uinat. 1.</note> and motions of the planetes, to finde out the true quantities of the celeſtiall bodyes, and thereto the compaſſe of the earth, and hid<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>den natures of thinges contayned in the ſame. But alas this integritie continued not long among his ſucceſſours, for vnto the im<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mortality of the ſoule, they added, that after death it went in to another bodye, the ſe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>conde or ſuccedent, being alwayes, eyther more noble, or more vile than the former, as the partie deſerued by his merites, whyleſt he liued here on earth.<note place="margin">Plinius. lib. 16. cap. vlti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mo.</note> For ſaid they (of who<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <hi rend="text">Pythagoras</hi> alſo had, and taught this errour,) if the ſoule appertayned at y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> firſt to a king, & he in this eſtate did not leade his lyfe woor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thie of this calling, it ſhould after his deceaſe be ſhut vp in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> bodie of a ſlaue, begger, cocke, Owle, Dogge, Ape, Horſe, Aſſe, Worme, or Monſter, there to remaine as in a place of purgation & puniſhme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t, for a certaine periode of time. Beſide this, it ſhould peradue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ture ſu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtaine often tranſlation from one bodie vnto another, according to the quantitie and quali<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tie of his dooinges here on earth, till it ſhould finally be purified, and reſtored againe to all other humaine bodie, wherein if it behaued it ſelfe more orderly then at the firſt: after the next death, it ſhoulde be preferred, eyther to the bodie of a king, or other great eſtate. And thus they made a perpetuall circulation, or reuolution of our ſoules, much like vnto the continuall motion of the heauens, which ne<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer ſtande ſtil, nor long yeeld one repreſenta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> and figure. They brought in alſo the woor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhipping of many goddes, and their ſeuerall ſacrifices,<note place="margin">Oke hono<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>red wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on miſtle did grow, & ſo doe our ſorcerers e<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uen to this day think<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing ſome ſpirits to deale a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bout the ſame for hidden tre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſure.</note> they honoured likewyſe the Oke, wheron the Miſtle groweth, and daily deui<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed infinitie other toyes, (for errour is neuer aſſured of hir owne dooinges) wherof neyther Samothes, nor Sarron, <hi rend="text">Magus,</hi> nor Druiyus did leaue them any preſcription.</p> <p>Theſe things are partly touched by <hi rend="text">Cicero, Strabo, Plinie, Sotion, Laertius, Theophraſt, A<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>riſtotle,</hi> and partly alſo by <hi rend="text">Caeſar,</hi> and other authours of later time, who for the moſt part do co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>feſſe, y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the chiefe ſchoole of the Druiydes was holden here in Britaine, whether the Druiydes alſo themſelues, that dwelt amo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g the Galles, woulde often reſorte to come by the more ſkill, and ſure vnderſtanding of the miſteries of that doctrine.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Eſtimati<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on of the Druiy<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> or Dr<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> prieſt<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note>Furthermore, in Britaine, and among the Galles, and to ſaye the truth, generally in all places where the Druiyſh religion was fre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>quented, ſuch was theſtimatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of the Prieſtes of this profeſſion, that there was little or no<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thing done without their ſkilfull aduiſe, no not in ciuill cauſes, pertayning to the regi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ment of the common wealth and countrey. They had the charge alſo of all ſacrifices, pu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>blicke and priuate, they interpreted Oracles, preached of religion, and were neuer without great numbers of yoong men, that hearde the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> with great diligence, as they taught, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> time to time.</p> <p>Touching their perſons alſo,<note place="margin">Immu<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>ty of the clergy <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>ter vnd<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Idola<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> then vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>der the goſpell.</note> they were ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>empt from all temporal ſeruices, impoſitio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s, tributes, and exerciſe of the warres, which immunitie cauſed the greater companies of Schollers to flocke vnto the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, from all places & learne their trades. Of theſe likewiſe, ſome remayned with them ſeuen, eyght, tenne, or twelue yeares, ſtill learning the ſecretes of thoſe vnwritten myſteries by heart, which were to be had amongſt them, and common<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly pronounced in verſes. And this policie, as I take it, they vſed onely to preſerue their religion from contempt, where into it might eaſye haue fallen, if any bookes thereof had happened into the hands of the commo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> ſorte. It helped alſo not a little in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> exerciſe of their memories, where vnto bookes are vtter ene<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mies, inſomuch as he that was ſkillfull in the Druiyſh religion, would not let readily to re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hearſe many hundredes of verſes, and not to fayle in one tytle, in the whole proceſſe of this his laborious repetition. But as they dealt in this order for matters of their religio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, ſo in ciuill affaires, hiſtorical Treatiſes, & ſetting downe of lawes, they vſed like order and let<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ters almoſt with the Grecians, wherby it is eaſy to be ſéene, that they retayned this kinde of writing fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Druiyus (the originall foun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>der of their religion) and that this yland hath not béene voyde of letters and learned men, euen ſith it was firſt inhabited.</p> <p>After the death of Druiyus,<note place="margin">Bardus.</note> Bardus his ſonne, and fift king of the Celtes ſuccéeded not onely ouer the ſayde kingdome, but alſo in his fathers vertues, whereby if is very likely, that the winding and wrapping vp of the ſayde Religion, after the afore remem<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bred ſorte into Verſe, was firſt deuyſed by hym, for he was an excellent Poet, and no leſſe indued with a ſingular ſkill in the prac<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tiſe and ſpeculatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of Muſicke, of which twoo many ſuppoſe him to be the very author and beginner, although vniuſtly, ſith both Poetry & Song, was in vſe before the floude,<note place="margin">Gene. 4. verſ. 21.</note> as was alſo the Harpe and Pype, which Iubal in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uented and coulde neuer be performed with<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>out great ſkil in muſicke. But to procéede, as <!--<pb n="8" facs="tcp:29044:16"/>--> the chiefe eſtimation of the Druiydes remai<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned in the ende among the Britons only, for their knowledge in religion, ſo dye the ſame of the <hi rend="text">Bardos</hi> for their excelle<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t ſkill in muſike, and Heroicall kind of ſong, which at the firſt contayned only the high miſteries of their re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ligion. There was little difference alſo be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twéene them and the Druiydes,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>he Bar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> dege<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>rate.</note> till they ſo farre degenerated from their firſt inſtitutio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, that they became to be minſtrels at feaſtes, droncken meetings, and abhominable ſacri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fices of the Idols: where they ſang moſt com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>monly no diuinitie as before, but the noble actes of valiaunt princes and fabulous nar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ratio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s, of the adulteries of the gods. Certes in my tyme this fonde vſage, and therto the very name of the Bardes, are not yet extin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>guiſhed amo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g the Britons of Wales, where they call their Poetes & Muſici<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ns <hi rend="text">Barthes,</hi> as they doe alſo in Irelande. There is more<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ouer an Iſlande appertinent to the region of <hi rend="text">Venedotia,</hi> wherinto the Bardes of old time vſed to reſorte, as out of the waye into a ſoli<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tarie place, there to write and learne their ſonges by hearte, and meditate vppon ſuch matters, as belonged to their practiſes. And of theſe <hi rend="text">Lucane</hi> in his firſt booke writeth thus, among other the like ſayinges well towarde the latter ende alſo ſaying.</p> <q xml:lang="lat"> <l> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>cane. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>. 1.</note>Vos quo<expan> <am> <g ref="char:abque"/> </am> <ex>que</ex> </expan> qui fortes animas, bello<expan> <am> <g ref="char:abque"/> </am> <ex>que</ex> </expan> peremptat</l> <l>Laudibus in longum vates dimittitis euum.</l> <l>Plurima ſecuri fudiſtis carmina Bardi.</l> <l>Et vos barbaricos ritus, morem<expan> <am> <g ref="char:abque"/> </am> <ex>que</ex> </expan> ſiniſtrum</l> <l>Sacrorum Druiydae, poſitis re<expan> <am> <g ref="char:abque"/> </am> <ex>que</ex> </expan> pistis ab armis.</l> <l>Solis noſſe Deos, & coeli numina vobis,</l> <l>Aut ſolis neſcire datum: nemora alta remotis</l> <l>Incolitis lucis. Vobis authoribus, vmbrae</l> <l>Non tacit as erebi ſedes, ditiſ<expan> <am> <g ref="char:abque"/> </am> <ex>que</ex> </expan> profundi</l> <l>Pallida regna petunt, regit idem ſpiritus artus</l> <l>Orbe alio. Longae, canitis ſi cognita, vitae</l> <l>Mors media eſt certe populi, quos deſpicit arctos,</l> <l>Foelices errore ſuo, quos ille timorum</l> <l>Maximus haud vrget leti metus: inde ruendi</l> <l>In ferrum mens prona viris, animae<expan> <am> <g ref="char:abque"/> </am> <ex>que</ex> </expan> capaces</l> <l>Mortis & ignuum eſt redituirae parcere vitae.</l> </q> <p>Thus we ſee as in a glaſſe the ſtate of re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ligion, for a tyme after the firſt inhabita<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cion of this Iſlande, but howe long it conti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nued in ſuch ſoundneſſe, as the originall au<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thors left it, in good ſooth I ca<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> not ſay, yet this is moſt certaine, that after a time when Al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bion arriued here, the religion earſt imbra<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ced, fell into great decaye, for wheras Iaphet and Samothes with their childre<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> taught no<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thing elſe then ſuch doctrine as they had lear<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned of <hi rend="text">Noah:</hi> ſo <hi rend="text">Cham</hi> the great grandfather of this our Albion, and his diſciples vtterly renouncing to followe their ſteps, gaue their mindes wholly to ſeduce, and leade their hea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rers hedlong vnto all error. Wherby his po<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſteritie not only corrupted this our Iſlande, with moſt filthie trades and practiſes, but alſo all mankinde, generally where they be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>came with vicious life, and moſt vngodly be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hauiour.</p> <p>For from <hi rend="text">Cham</hi> and his ſucceſſours, pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>céeded at the firſt all ſorcery, witchcraft,<note place="margin">what doc<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>trine <hi rend="text">Cha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> </hi> and his diſciples taught.</note> and the execution of vnlawfull luſt, without re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſpect of Sexe, age, conſanguinitie, or kinde: as braunches from an odious & abhominable roote, or ſtreames deriued from moſt filthye and ſtinking puddles. Howbeit, and notwith<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtanding all theſe his manifolde lewdneſſes, ſuch was the folly of his Egiptians (where he firſt reigned and taught) that whileſt he ly<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned they alone had him in great eſtimation, (whereas other Nations contemned and ab<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>horred him for his wickedneſſe,<note place="margin">Cheme<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſenua. Chemmyn. Cha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <hi rend="text">made a god.</hi> </note> calling hym <hi rend="text">Chemeſenua,</hi> that is, the impudent, infamous and wicked <hi rend="text">Cham</hi>) and not onely builded a Citie vnto him which they called <hi rend="text">Chem Min,</hi> but alſo after his deth reputed him for a god, calling the higheſt of the ſeuen Planets after his name, as they dyd the next beneath it af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter Oſyris hys ſonne, whome they likewiſe honored vnder the name of <hi rend="text">Iupiter.</hi> </p> <p>Certes it was a cuſtome in Egypt of olde time,<note place="margin">Tranſla<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of mor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tall men, men into heaue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> how it began.</note> & generally in vſe, (whe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> any of their fa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mous worthy Princes dyed) to aſcrybe ſome forme or other of the ſtarres vnto his perſo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, to thend his name might neuer weare out of memory. And this they called their tranſlati<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on in heauen, ſo that he which had any ſtarres or forme of ſtarres, dedicated vnto him, was properlye ſayde to haue place amonge the goddes. A toye much lyke to the Catalogue of Romiſhe ſaintes, (although the one was written in the celeſtiall orbes, the other in ſheepe ſkinnes, and verye brickle paper) but yet ſo eſteemed that euery Prince woulde oft hazard & attempt the vttermoſt aduentures, thereby to winne ſuch fame in his life, that after his death, he myght by merit haue ſuch place in heauen, among the ſhining ſtarres.</p> <p>Thus wée ſée how Idolatry and honoring of the ſtarres was bredde and hatched at the firſt, which in proceſſe of tyme came alſo into Britaine, as dyd the names of <hi rend="text">Saturne,</hi> & <hi rend="text">Iupiter</hi> &c. as ſhall appeare hereafter. And here ſith I haue already ſomewhat digreſſed from my matter. I will go a little furder, & ſhewe forth the originall vſe of the worde <hi rend="text">Sa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>turne, Iupiter, Hercules,</hi> &c. whereby your Ho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nor ſhall ſée yet more into the errours of the Gentiles, and not onely that, but one poynt alſo, of the roote of all the confuſion, that is to be found among the auncient hiſtories.</p> <p> <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:17"/>-->It was generallye vſed for a fewe yeres after the particion of the yearth,<note place="margin">Which were pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>perly cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led, <hi rend="text">Satur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ni. Ioues, Iunones,</hi> and <hi rend="text">Her<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cules.</hi> </note> (which was made by Noah, in the 133. yere after floude,) that the beginners of ſuch kingdomes as were then erected ſhoulde be called <hi rend="text">Saturni.</hi> Hereby then it came to paſſe that <hi rend="text">Nimbrote</hi> was the <hi rend="text">Saturne</hi> of <hi rend="text">Babylon: Cham</hi> of <hi rend="text">Ae<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gypt:</hi> and ſo forth other of other places.</p> <p>Their eldeſt Sonnes alſo that ſuccéeded them, were called <hi rend="text">Ioues,</hi> & their nephewes or ſonnes ſonnes, that reigned in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> thirde place <hi rend="text">Hercules,</hi> by which meanes it followed that e<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uery kingdome had a <hi rend="text">Saturne, Iupiter</hi> & <hi rend="text">Her<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cules</hi> of hir owne, and not from anye other.</p> <p>In lyke ſort they had ſuch another order a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mong their daughters, whom they marryed as yet commonlye vnto their brethren (God himſelfe permitting the ſame vnto them for a time) as before the floude, to the ende the earth might be thorowly repleniſhed, and the ſooner furniſhed with inhabitantes, in euery part therof.<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Iſis, Io</hi> and <hi rend="text">Iuno</hi> all one.</note> The ſiſter therefore & wife of e<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uery <hi rend="text">Saturne</hi> was called <hi rend="text">Rhea,</hi> but of <hi rend="text">Iupiter, Iuno, Iſis,</hi> or <hi rend="text">Io.</hi> Beyonde theſe alſo there was no latter Harolde that woulde indeuour to deriue the petigrée of any Prince, or Po<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tentate, but ſuppoſed his duety to be ſuffici<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ently perfourmed, when he had brought it orderly vnto ſome <hi rend="text">Saturne</hi> or other, whereat he might ceaſe, and ſhut vp all his traueile. They had likewiſe this opinion grounded a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mongeſt them, that Heauen an Earth were onelye parentes vnto <hi rend="text">Saturne</hi> and <hi rend="text">Rhea,</hi> not knowing out of doubt, what they themſelues did meane, ſith theſe donominations, <hi rend="text">Heauen, Ogyges,</hi> <note place="margin">Caelum. Ogyges. Sol. Paterdeo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rum. Tydea. Veſta. Terra. Luna. Aretia. Deorum mater.</note> <hi rend="text">the Sunne, <hi rend="text">Pater Deorum,</hi> </hi> & ſuch like, were onely aſcribed vnto <hi rend="text">Noah:</hi> as <hi rend="text">Terra, <hi rend="text">(the Yearth)</hi> Veſta Aretia, <hi rend="text">the Moone,</hi> Mater deorum</hi> and other the lyke were vnto <hi rend="text">Tydea</hi> his wife, ſo that hereby we ſée, how <hi rend="text">Saturne</hi> is reputed in euery Nation for theyr oldeſt god, or firſt Prince, <hi rend="text">Iupiter</hi> for the next, and <hi rend="text">Hercules</hi> for the thirde: & therefore ſith theſe names were diſperſed in the beginning ouer all, it is no marueyle that there is ſuch confuſion in aun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cient hiſtories, and the dooings of one of them ſo mixed with another, that it is now impoſſi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ble to diſtinguiſh them in ſunder. Thys haue I ſpoken, to the ende that all men maye ſée what gods the Paganes honored, and there<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>by what religion the poſterity of <hi rend="text">Cham,</hi> did bring euer into Britaine. For vntill their co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ming, it is not likely that any groſſe Idola<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>try or ſuperſticion, did enter in among vs, as deifying of mortall men, honoring of the Starres, and erectio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of huge Images, beſide ſorcery, witchcraft, and ſuch lyke, whereof the Chemminites are worthilye called the Autors. Neyther were theſe errors any thing amended, by the co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ming in of Brute,<note place="margin">F<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> wh<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Br<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> lear<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> relig<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> who no doubt added ſuch deuiſes vnto y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame, as he and his company had learned before in <hi rend="text">Gre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cia,</hi> from whence alſo he brought, <hi rend="text">Helenus,</hi> the ſonne of <hi rend="text">Priamus,</hi> a man of excéeding age, and made him his Prieſt and biſhop, thorow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>out the newe conqueſt, that he had achieued in Britaine.</p> <p>After Brute, Idolatry and ſuperſticio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> ſtill increaſed more & more among vs, inſomuch that beſide the <hi rend="text">Druiyſh</hi> and <hi rend="text">Bardike</hi> ceremo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nies, and thoſe alſo that came in with Albion and Brute: our countrymen eyther brought hither fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> abroad, or daily inuented at home, new religion, and rites, whereby it came to paſſe that in the ſtead of the only & immortal God (of whome <hi rend="text">Samothes</hi> and his poſteritie dyd preache in times paſt) now they honou<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>red the ſayde <hi rend="text">Samothes</hi> himſelfe vnder the name of <hi rend="text">Dis:</hi> likewiſe <hi rend="text">Saturne, Iupiter, Mars,</hi> <note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Dis <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>moth<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </hi> made <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> God.</note> <hi rend="text">Minerua, Mercurie, Apollo, Diana,</hi> and diuers other. In lieu moreouer of ſhéepe and oxen, they offred mankind alſo vnto ſome of them, killing their offendours, pryſoners, & oft ſuch ſtraungers as came from farre vnto them, by ſhutting vp great numbers of them togi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther in huge Images, made of wicker, or o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther matter: and then ſetting all on fire togi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther, they not onely conſumed the miſerable creatures to aſhes, but alſo reputed it to be the moſt acceptable ſacrifice that coulde be made vnto their Idols. Huge te<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ples in like ſorte were builded vnto them, ſo that in the time of <hi rend="text">Lucius,</hi> when the light of ſaluatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gan ſtrongly to ſhine in Britaine, thorowe the preaching of the Goſpell,<note place="margin">Ptol. l<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> cenſis.</note> the chriſtians diſcouered 25. Flamines or Idole churches, beſide thrée Arche Flamines, whoſe Prieſts were then as our Archebiſhops are nowe, in that they had ſuperiour charge of all the reſt, who were reputed as inferiours, and ſub<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>iect to their iuriſdiction in caſes of religion, and ſuperſticious ceremonies.</p> <p>Hitherto you haue heard of the time, wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>in Idolatrie reigned and blinded the heartes of ſuch as dwelled in this Iſlande.<note place="margin">Theod<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Sophro<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>us.</note> Nowe let vs ſée the ſucceſſe of the Goſpell, after the death and paſſion of Ieſus Chriſt our Sa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uiour. And euen here will I beginne with an Allegation of <hi rend="text">Theodorete,</hi> wherevpon ſome repoſe great aſſurance (conceyuing yet more hope therein by the wordes of <hi rend="text">Sophronius</hi>) that <hi rend="text">Paule</hi> the Apoſtle ſhoulde preache the worde of ſaluatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> here, after his deliuerie out of captiuitie, which fell as I doe reade in the 57. of Chriſt. But ſith I ca<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>not verifie y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame by the wordes of <hi rend="text">Theodorete,</hi> to be ſpoken more of <hi rend="text">Paule</hi> then <hi rend="text">Peter,</hi> or the reaſt, I will paſſe ouer this coniecture, and deale with o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther <!--<pb n="9" facs="tcp:29044:17"/>--> things, wherof we haue more certeinty.</p> <p>That one <hi rend="text">Ioſephus</hi> preached here in En<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>glande,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ephus.</note> in the time of the Apoſtles, his ſepul<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>chre yet in <hi rend="text">Aualon,</hi> nowe called Gleſſenburg or Glaſtenbury, and Epitaphaffixed there<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>vnto is proofe ſufficient. Howbeit ſith theſe things are not of co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>petent force to perſwade all men, I wil adde in few, what I haue read elſewere of his arriual here. Firſt of al ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore you ſhall note that he came ouer into Britaine, about the <hi rend="text">64.</hi> after Chriſt, when the perſecution began vnder <hi rend="text">Nero,</hi> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>illip. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>eculphus <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>. 2. lib. 2. p. 4. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>nnius. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>cepho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> lib. 2. p. 40.</note> at which time <hi rend="text">Phillip</hi> and diuers of the godly being in Fraunce (whether he came with other chri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtians, after they had ſowed the word of God in Scythia, by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſpace of nyne yares) ſeuered themſelues in ſunder to make the better ſhift for their owne ſafegarde, and yet not other<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wyſe then that by their flight, the Goſpell myght haue furtheraunce. Hereby then it came to paſſe, that the ſayde <hi rend="text">Phillip</hi> vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> good deliberation dyd ſende <hi rend="text">Ioſephus</hi> ouer, & with him <hi rend="text">Simon Zelotes</hi> to preach vnto the Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tons, and miniſter the Sacramentes there according to the rites of the Churches of A<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſia and Gréece, from whence they came not long before vnto the country of the Galles. And this is the effect in a litle rowme, of that which I haue reade at large in ſundrye wri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ters, although it may well be gathered that diuers Britains were conuerted to the fayth before this ſixetiefoure of Chriſt. Howbeit wheras ſome write that they lyued, & dwel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led in Britaine, it can not as yet take anye abſolute holde in my iudgement, but rather that they were Baptized and remayned, ey<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther in Rome, or elſewhere. And of this ſorte I ſuppoſe <hi rend="text">Claudia Ruffina</hi> the wyfe of <hi rend="text">Pu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dens</hi> to be one,<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>audia <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ffina</hi> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>aye.</note> who was a Brittiſh Lady in déede, and not only excellent in the Gréeke & Latine tongues, but alſo with hir huſbande highly commended by <hi rend="text">S. Paule,</hi> as one hauing had conuerſation and conference with them at Rome,<note place="margin">Tim. 4.</note> from whence he dyd write hys ſe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>conde Epiſtle vnto <hi rend="text">Timothy.</hi> Of this Lady moreouer <hi rend="text">Martial</hi> ſpeaketh in reioyſing that his Poeſies were read alſo in Britaine, and onely by hir meanes, who vſed to cull out the fineſt of his Epigrammes and ſende them to hir friends for tokens, ſaying, after this ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ner as himſelfe doth ſet it downe.</p> <q xml:lang="lat">Dicitur & noſtros cantare Britannia verſus.</q> <p>Furthermore making mentio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of hir, and hir iſſue he addeth theſe wordes.<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> 11. Epig.</note> </p> <q xml:lang="lat"> <l>Claudia ceruleis cum ſit Rufina Britannis</l> <l>Edita, our Latiae pectora plaebis habet,</l> <l>Quale decus formae: Romanam credere matres</l> <l>Italides poſſunt, Atthides eſſe ſuam.</l> <l>Dij bene, quod ſancto peperit faecunda marito,</l> <l>Quot ſperat, generos, quot a puella Nurus</l> <l>Sic place at ſuperis, vt coniuge gaude at vno,</l> <l>Et ſemper natis gaudeat illa tribus.</l> </q> <p>The names of hir thrée children were <hi rend="text">Pudon<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tiana, Praxedes,</hi> and <hi rend="text">Nouatus,</hi> who after the deth of <hi rend="text">Pudons</hi> their father (which befell him in Cappadocia,) dwelled with their mother in Vmbria, where they ceaſed not from time to time to miniſter vnto the Saincts. But to leaue this impertine<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t diſcourſe, and procéede. with my purpſe.</p> <p>I find in the Chronicles of Burton (vnder the yeare of grace 141. and time of <hi rend="text">Hadriane</hi> themperour) that nine Schollers or Clarkes of Grantha or Granta, nowe Cambridge, were Baptized in Britaine, & became Prea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>chers of the Goſpell there, but whether <hi rend="text">Tau<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rinus</hi> Biſhop, or Elder ouer the congregatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> at Yorke (who as <hi rend="text">Vincentius</hi> ſayth,<note place="margin">Lib. 10. cap. 17. Taurinus.</note> was exe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cuted about this time for his fayth) were one of the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> or not, as yet I doe not certeinly finde. Diuers other alſo inbraced the religion of Chriſt very zealouſly. Howbeit all this not<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>withſtanding, the glad tidings of the Goſpel had neuer frée & open paſſage here, vntill the time of <hi rend="text">Lucius,</hi> in which the very enemies of the worde, became the apparant meanes (co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>trarie to their owne mindes) to haue it ſet forth amongſt vs. For when <hi rend="text">Antoninus</hi> the emperour had giuen out a decrée, that the Druiyſh religion ſhoulde euery where he a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>boliſhed,<note place="margin">This is co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>trarie to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> common talk of our Atheiſtes who ſay let vs liue here in welth, cre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dite & au<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thoritie v<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pon earth, & let Go take heaue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> and his re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ligion to himſlfe to do withall what he liſteth.</note> <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi> the king (whoſe ſyrname is nowe periſhed) tooke aduiſe of his counſell what was beſt to be done, & wrought in this behalfe <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> And this dyd <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi> bycauſe he thought it impoſſible for man to lyue long without any religion at all. Finally finding his nobility and ſubiects vtter enemies to the Romaine deuotion (for y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> they made ſo many gods as themſelues liſted & ſome to haue the regiment euen of their dyrt and dung) & ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>vnto being pricked forwards by ſuch chriſti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ans, as were conuerſant about him, to chuſe the ſeruice of the true God, that liueth for e<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer, rather then the ſlauiſh ſeruitude of any pagane Idole: he fully reſolued with himſelf in the ende, to receyue & imbrace the Goſpel. He ſent alſo two of his learned chriſtians and greateſt Philoſophers to Rome, vnto <hi rend="text">Eleu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>therus</hi> then Biſhop there in the 177. of Chriſt not to promiſe any ſubiectio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> to his ſie,<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi> ope<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth his eares to good coun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſell, as one deſirous to ſerue God & not pre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ferre the worlde.</note> which then was not required, but to ſaie with ſuch as were pricked in minde, Actes 2. verſ. 37. <hi rend="text">Quid faciemus viri fratres,</hi> I meane that they were ſent to be perfectly inſtructed, and with farder commiſſion, to make earneſt requeſt vnto hym and the congregation there, that a competent number of Preachers might be ſent ouer from thence, by whoſe diligent ad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uiſe <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:18"/>--> and trauayle, the foundation of the Goſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pell might ſurely be layde ouer all his king<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dome, according to his minde.</p> <p> <note place="margin">The pur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>poſe of <hi rend="text">Lu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cius</hi> opened vnto y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gregation at Rome by <hi rend="text">Eleu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>therus.</hi> </note>When <hi rend="text">Eleutherus</hi> vnderſtoode theſe things, he reioyced not a litle, for the great goodneſſe which the Lord had ſhewed vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> this our Iſle & countrie. Afterwardes calling the brethren togither, they agréed to ordayne, euen thoſe two for Byſhoppes, whome <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi> as you haue heard, had directed ouer vnto them. Fi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nally making generall prayer vnto God and earneſt ſupplication for the good ſucceſſe of theſe men, they ſent them home agayne, with no ſmall charge, that they ſhould be di<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ligent in their function, and carefull ouer the flocke committed to their cuſtody.</p> <p>The firſt of theſe was called <hi rend="text">Eluanus</hi> a man borne in the Iſle of Aualon, and brought vp there vnder thoſe godly Paſtours and their Diſciples, whom <hi rend="text">Phillip</hi> ſent ouer at the firſt for the conuerſion of the Brytons. The other hight <hi rend="text">Medguinus,</hi> and was thereto ſurnamed <hi rend="text">Belga,</hi> bycauſe he was of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> towne of Welles, which then was called <hi rend="text">Belga.</hi> This man was trayned vp alſo in one ſchoole with <hi rend="text">Eluanus,</hi> both of them being ornaments to their hory ages, and men of ſuch grauititie and godli<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neſſe, that <hi rend="text">Eleutherus</hi> ſuppoſed none more worthy to ſupport this charge, then they: af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter whoſe comming home alſo, it was not long ere <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi> and all his houſholde with di<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uers of the nobility were Baptized;<note place="margin">A zealous prince ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>keth ferue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t ſubiects.</note> beſide in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>finity numbers of the common people, which daily reſorted vnto them and voluntarily re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nounced all their Idolatry and Paganiſme.</p> <p>In the meane time <hi rend="text">Eleutherus</hi> hearing of the ſucceſſe of theſe learned Doctours & ſup<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>poſing with himſelf that they two only could not ſuffice to ſupporte ſo great a burden as ſhoulde concerne the conuerſion of the whole Iſlande.<note place="margin">Faganus. Dinauus. Aaron.</note> He directed ouer vnto them in the yeare inſuing <hi rend="text">Faganus, Dinaw</hi> (or <hi rend="text">Dinauus,) Aaron</hi> and diuers other godly Preachers, as fellow labourers to trauayle wyth them in the Vineyarde of the Lord.<note place="margin">Radulphus de la noir alias. Niger</note> Theſe men ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore after their comming hyther, conſulted wyth the other, and forthwith they wholly conſented to make a diuiſion of thys Iſlande amongſt themſelues,<note place="margin">3. Chiefe Biſhops in Britain</note> appoynting what per<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cel eche Preacher ſhold take, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> with the more profits and eaſe of the people, and ſomewhat leſſe traueyle for themſelues:<note place="margin">Theonus. Theodoſius</note> the Doctrine of the Goſpell might be preached and receaued In this diſtribution alſo, they ordayned that there ſhould be one congregation at London, where they placed <hi rend="text">Theonus</hi> as chiefe Elder and Byſhop,<note place="margin">London. yorke. Caerlheon</note> for that preſent time. Another at Yorke whether they appoynted <hi rend="text">Theodo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſius.</hi> And the thirde at <hi rend="text">Caerlheon</hi> vpon the ry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer Vſke, (which thrée cities had before time béene Archeflamines) to the end that the cou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tries rounde about might haue indifferent acceſſe vnto thoſe places, and therewith all vnderſtande for certeintie, whether to reſort for reſolution, if after their conuerſion they ſhoulde happen to doubt of any thing.</p> <p>Thus became Britaine the firſt Prouince,<note place="margin">Britain<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> firſt Pr<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>uince th<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> receyue<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Goſpell general<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> that generally receyued the faith, and where the Goſpell was fréely preached without in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hibition of hir prince. Howbeit although that <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi> and hys princes and great numbers of his people imbraced the word with gréedi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neſſe, yet was not y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſucceſſe therof, eyther ſo vniuerſal, that all men beléeued at the firſt: y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſecurity ſo great, as that no perſecution was to be feared from the Romaine empyre after his deceaſe: or the procéeding of the king ſo ſeuere, as y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> he inforced any man by publicke authoritie to forſake and relinquiſh his Pa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ganiſme: but only this fréedom was enioyed, that who ſo woulde become a chriſtian in his time, might without feare of his lawes pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>feſſe the Goſpel, in whoſe teſtimonie, if néede had béene, I doubt not to affirme, but that he woulde haue ſhed alſo his bloude, as dyd his Nece <hi rend="text">Emerita,</hi> <note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Emerita</hi> néece <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> <hi rend="text">Lucius.</hi> </note> who beyng conſtant aboue the common ſort of women, refuſed not after his deceaſe by fire, to yéelde hir ſelfe to death as a ſwéete ſmelling ſacrifice in the noſtrels of the Lorde, beyonde the ſea in Fraunce.</p> <p>The fayth of Chriſt being thus planted in this Iſlande in the 177.<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>deth <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> to Rome</note> after Chriſt and <hi rend="text">Fa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ganus</hi> and<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> <hi rend="text">Dinaw</hi> with the reſt ſent ouer fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Rome, in the 178. as you haue heard: it came to paſſe in the thirde yeare of the Goſpell re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceyued, that <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi> did ſende agayne to <hi rend="text">Eleu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>therus</hi> the Byſhop, requiring that he might haue ſome briefe Epitome of the order of diſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cipline then vſed in the Churche. For he well conſidered that as it auayleth little to plant a coſtly Vineyarde, except it afterwarde be cheriſhed, kept in good order, and ſuch things as annoy, daily remooued from the ſame: ſo after Baptiſme and entraunce into religion, it profiteth little to beare the name of chri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtians, except we doe walke continually in the ſpirite,<note place="margin">Ro. 8.<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> & haue ſuch things as offende ap<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>parantly, corrected by ſeuere diſcipline. For otherwiſe it will come to paſſe, y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the wéedes of vice, and vicious liuing, will ſo quickly abounde in vs that they will in the ende choke vp the good ſéede ſowen in our mindes, & ey<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther inforce vs to returne vnto our former wickedneſſe with déeper ſecurity then before, or elſe to become méere Atheiſtes, which is a great deale woorſe.</p> <p>For this cauſe therefore dyd <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi> ſende to Rome, the ſeconde tyme for a copie of ſuch <!--<pb n="10" facs="tcp:29044:18" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> politicke orders as were then vſed there, in their regiment of the Church.<note place="margin">The wiſe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dome of <hi rend="text">Eleutherus</hi> </note> But <hi rend="text">Eleuthe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rus</hi> conſidering w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> himſelfe, how that al nati<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ons are not of like condition, & therfore thoſe conſtitutions that are beneficiall to one, may now and then be preiudiciall to another: and ſéeing alſo that beſide the worde no rites and orders can long continue, or be ſo perfect in all points, but that as time ſerueth, they wil requyre alteration: He thought it beſt not to lay any more vpon the neckes of the newe conuerts of Britaine as yet, then chriſt & his Apoſtles had already ſet downe vnto al men. In returning therefore his meſſengers, he ſent letters by them vnto <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi> and hys no<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bilitie, dated in the Conſulſhips of <hi rend="text">Commo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dus</hi> and <hi rend="text">Veſpronius,</hi> wherein he tolde them that Chriſt had left ſufficient order in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſcrip<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tures for the gouernement of his Church al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ready in his worde, and not for that only, but alſo for the regime<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t of his whole kingdome, if he woulde ſubmit himſelfe, to yéelde & fol<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>low that rule. The Epiſtle it ſelfe is partly extaunt, and partly periſhed, yet ſuch as it is, and as I haue faithfullye tranſlated it out of ſundry copies, I doe deliuer it euen here, to the ende I will not defraude the reader of a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nye thing that may turne to his commoditie, in the hyſtorie of our nation.<note place="margin">Epiſtle of <hi rend="text">Eleutherus</hi> vnto <hi rend="text">Lu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cius.</hi> </note> </p> <p>You requyre of vs the Romaine ordina<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ces and therto the ſtatutes of the Emperours to <q>be ſent ouer vnto you, and which you deſire to practiſe and put in vre within your realme and kingdome. The Romaine lawes & thoſe of Emperours we may eftſoones reprooue, but thoſe of God, can neuer be founde fault withall. You haue receyued of late thorowe Gods mercy in the realme of Britaine the law and fayth of Chriſt,</q> you haue with you both volumes of the Scriptures: out of them therefore by Gods grace and the Counſel of your realme take you a law, and by that law thorowe Gods ſufferaunce rule your king<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dome, for you are Gods Vicar in your owne realme,<note place="margin">Pſal. 24.</note> as the royall Prophete ſayth. The earth is the Lords, and all that is therin, the co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>paſſe of the world, & they that dwell there<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>in. Agayne thou haſt loued truth and hated iniquitie,<note place="margin">Pſal. 45.</note> wherfore God, euen thy God hath anoynted thée with oyle of gladneſſe aboue thy fellowes. And agayne, according to the ſaying of the ſame Prophete. Oh God giue thy iudgement vnto the king,<note place="margin">Pſal. 71.</note> and <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> iuſtice vnto the kings ſonne. The kings ſonnes are the chriſtian people and flocke of the realme, which are vnder your gouernance, and liue, & continue in peace within your kingdome. * The Goſpell ſaith, as the Henne gathereth hir chickens vnder hir winges, ſo doth the king hys people. Such as dwell in the king<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dome of Britaine are yours, whom if they be deuided you ought to gather vnto a p<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e and peace, to call them to the fayth and lawe of Chriſt, and to hys ſacred Church: to che<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>riſh and mainteyne, to rule alſo and gouerne them, defending eache of them from ſuch as woulde doe them wrong, and kéeping them from the malice of ſuch as be their enemies. * Wo vnto the natio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> whoſe king is a childe, & whoſe princes ryſe vp earely to banket & féede, which is ſpoken not of a prince, that is within age, but of a prince that is become a childe, thorowe folly, ſinne and vnſtedfaſt<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neſſe, of whome the Prophete ſaith, the bloud<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thyrſty and deceitful men ſhall not lyue forth halfe their dayes.<note place="margin">Pſal. 55.</note> By feeding alſo I vnder<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtande glouttonie, by glouttonie, luſt, and by luſt all wickedneſſe, and ſinne, according to the ſaying of <hi rend="text">Salomon</hi> the king. Wyſedome entreth not into a wicked mind, nor dwelleth wyth a man that is ſubiect vnto ſinne. A king hath hys name of ruling, and not of the poſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſeſſion of his realme, you ſhalbe a king why<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leſt you rule well, but if you doe otherwyſe, the name of a king ſhall not remayne wyth you, but you ſhal vtterly, forgo it, which God forbid. The Almyghty God graunt you ſo to rule the kingdome of Britaine, that you may reigne with hym for euer, whoſe Vicare (or Vicegerent) you are within your aforeſayd kingdome. Who with the ſonne and the holy Ghoſt. &c.</p> <p>Hitherto out of the Epiſtle that <hi rend="text">Eleutherus,</hi> ſent vnto <hi rend="text">Lucius,</hi> whereby many prety obſer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uations are to be collected, if time and place, would ſerue to ſtande thereon.</p> <p>After theſe dayes, alſo the number of ſuch as were ordeined to ſaluation, increaſed day<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly more and more, wherby as in other places of the worlde, the worde of God had good ſucceſſe in Brytaine, in time of peace, and in heate of perſecutio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, there were no ſmal num<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber of Martyrs that ſuffered for the ſame, of which <hi rend="text">Albane, Amphibalus, Iulius</hi> and <hi rend="text">Aaron,</hi> <note place="margin">Albane. Amphiba<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lus. Iulius. Aaron.</note> are reputed to be the chiefe, becauſe of theyr Noble parentage.</p> <p>There are which affirme our <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi> to re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nounce hys kingdome, and afterwarde be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>come a Biſhop and Preacher of the Goſpell: but to thend theſe that holde his opinion may once vnderſtande the botome of their er<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ors. I wyll ſet downe the matter at large where<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>by they may ſée (if they liſt to looke) how farre they haue bene deceiued.</p> <p>I finde that <hi rend="text">Chlorus</hi> had by <hi rend="text">Helena</hi> thrée ſonnes,<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Chlorus</hi> had thrée ſonnes, and a daughter by <hi rend="text">Helena.</hi> </note> (beſide one daughter called <hi rend="text">Emerita</hi>) of which the name of the firſt is periſhed, the ſeconde was called <hi rend="text">Lucion,</hi> and the thyrde <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:19"/>--> <hi rend="text">Conſtantine,</hi> that afterwarde was Emperour of Rome, by the election of the Soldiers. Now it happened that <hi rend="text">Lucion</hi> by meanes of a quar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rell, that grew betwéene him & his Elder bro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther did kil his ſaid brother, eyther by a fray, or by ſome other meanes, wherupon his fa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther exiled him out of Briton, & apointed him from thencefoorth to remayne in Fraunce. <hi rend="text">Lucion</hi> (or as ſome cal him alſo <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi>) being thus brought into worldly ſorrowe, had now good leiſure to meditate vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Heauen, who be fore in his proſperity peradue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ture, had neuer regard of hell.<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Lucion</hi> be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>commeth a chriſtien.</note> Finally he fel ſo far into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deratio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of his eſtate, y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> at the laſt he renounced his Paganiſme, and firſt became a chriſtian, then an Elder, and laſt of all a Byſhop in the Church of Chriſt.<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Lucion</hi> a Biſhop.</note> He erected alſo, a place of prayer wherin to ſerue the liuing God, which after ſundrye alterations, came in proceſſe of tyme, to be an Abbay, and is ſtill called euen to our time after <hi rend="text">Lucion</hi> or <hi rend="text">Lucius:</hi> the firſt founder thereof, and the originall beginner of anye ſuch houſe in thoſe partes.</p> <p>In this alſo he & diuers other of hys friends, continued their times, in great contemplati<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on and prayer, and from hence were tran<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſlated as occaſion ſerued, vnto ſondrye eccle<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſiaſticall promotio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s in the time of <hi rend="text">Conſtatine</hi> his brother, ſo that euen by this ſhort narrati<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on it is now eaſy to ſée that <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi> the kyng and <hi rend="text">Lucion</hi> the ſonne of <hi rend="text">Chlorus,</hi> were diſtinct perſons.<note place="margin">Herma<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>nus. Schedeliꝰ.</note> Herevnto <hi rend="text">Herma<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>nus Schedeliꝰ.</hi> ad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deth alſo howe he went into <hi rend="text">Rhetia,</hi> and nere vnto the citie <hi rend="text">Auguſta,</hi> co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>uerted the <hi rend="text">Cu<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ienſes,</hi> vnto y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> fayth of Chriſt, & there likewiſe lyeth buryed in the ſame towne, where his feaſt is holden vpon the thirde daye of December, as may redily be confirmed. That <hi rend="text">Schedelius</hi> erreth not herin alſo; the auncie<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t monume<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ts of the ſaide Abbaye, whereof he was the ori<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ginall beginner, as I ſayde, doe yeelde ſuffi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cient teſtimonye,<note place="margin">Feſtum Lu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cionis.</note> beſide an Himne made in his commendation, intituled <hi rend="text">Gaude lucio<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nu<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> &c.</hi> <note place="margin">Iohn Bou<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>chet.</note> But for more of this you may reſort vnto <hi rend="text">Bouchet,</hi> in his firſt booke, & fift chapter of the <hi rend="text">Annales</hi> of <hi rend="text">Aquiteine,</hi> who maketh the king of Britaine Grandfather to this <hi rend="text">Lucio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>.</hi> The ſaid <hi rend="text">Schedelius</hi> in like ſort ſetteth down, that his Siſter was Martyred in Trineca<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtell, nere vnto the place where the ſayde <hi rend="text">Lu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cion</hi> dwelled, wherby it appeareth in lyke ſorte,<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Emerita</hi> martyred in Rhetia.</note> that ſhe was not ſiſter to <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi> kyng of Briteine, of which prince Alexander Nec<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cham in his moſt excellent treatiſe <hi rend="text">de ſapien<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cie Diuina</hi> ſetteth downe this Diſtichon.</p> <q xml:lang="lat"> <l>Prima Britannorum fidei lux lucius eſſe</l> <l>Fertur, qui rexit Moenia Brute tua.</l> </q> <p>But as eche Riuer the farder it runneth from the heade, the more it is increaſed, by ſmall riuelettes, and corrupted with filthie puddles, and ſtinking gutters, that diſcend into the ſame: ſo the puritye of the Goſpell, preached here in Briteine,<note place="margin"> <p>Hereſye, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> <hi rend="text">Monaſtica<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </hi> life brogh into B<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>taine at one tine by <hi rend="text">Pella<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gius.</hi> </p> <p>Bangor.</p> </note> in proceſſe of time became firſt of all to be corrupted with a new order of religion, and moſt excerable hereſy, both of them being firſt brought in at once, by <hi rend="text">Pelagius,</hi> of Wales, who hauing trauailed thorow Fraunce, Italy, Egypt, <hi rend="text">Syria,</hi> and the Eaſterlye regyons of the worlde: was there at the laſt made an Elder or Biſhop, by ſome of the Monkes, vnto whoſe profeſſion he had not long before addicted himſelfe. Final<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly returning home againe, he dyd not onely erect an houſe of his owne order, at Bangor in Wales, upon the riuer Dée, but alſo ſow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ed the peſtiferus ſéede of his hereticall pra<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uities, ouer all this Iſland, whereby he ſedu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ced great numbers of the Brytons, teaching them to preferre their owne merites, before y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> frée mercy of God, in Ieſus Chriſt his ſon.</p> <p>Thus we ſée how newe deuiſes or orders of religion, and hereſie came in together. I coulde ſhew alſo what Cometes, and ſtrange ſignes appeared in Brytayne, much about the ſame time, the like of which with dyuers other, haue béene perceiued alſo from time to time, ſithence the death of <hi rend="text">Pelagius</hi> at the en<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>trance of any newe kinde of religion into this Ile of Brytaine. But I paſſe them ouer, on<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly for that I woulde not ſeeme in my tracta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tion of Antiquities, to trouble my reader with the rehearſall of any newe inconueniences.</p> <p>To procéede therefore with my purpoſe af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter theſe, there followed in lyke ſort, ſundrye other kindes of monaſticall life,<note place="margin">Anacho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rites. Heremites Ciryllines. Benedicti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nes.</note> as <hi rend="text">Anacho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rites,</hi> (or <hi rend="text">Ancres</hi>) Heremites, <hi rend="text">Cyrillines</hi> & <hi rend="text">Be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nedictines,</hi> a<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>beit, that onely the heremiticall profeſſion was allowed of in Bryteine, vntill the comming of <hi rend="text">Benedict Biſcop,</hi> who erec<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted the firſt houſe of <hi rend="text">Benedictines,</hi> that euer was hearde of in this Ile. They alſo bare his name, and were ſo well liked of all men, y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> there were few or no blacke monks in this Ile, but of his order.<note place="margin">Monkes and Here<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mites <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> allowed <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> in Bri<g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>taine. The num<g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>ber of reli<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gious ho<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>ſes in En<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gland<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> their diſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>lution.</note> So faſt alſo did theſe hu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>maine deuiſes proſper after his time, that at their ſuppreſſion in England & Wales only, there were founde 440. religious houſes at the leaſt, wherevnto if you adde of thoſe few y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> are yet ſtanding in Scotland, you ſhal ſone ſée what nu<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>bers of theſe dennes of ſpirituall robbers were mainteined here in Brytaine. As touching <hi rend="text">Pelagius</hi> the firſt Heretike that euer was bredde in this Iſle (notably know<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>en) and parent of <hi rend="text">Monachiſme,</hi> it is certaine, that before his corruption and fall, he was ta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ken for a man of ſinguler learning, déepe iudgement, and ſuch a one, as vppon whome for his great gift in teaching and ſtrictneſſe <!--<pb n="11" facs="tcp:29044:19"/>--> of lyfe, no ſmall parte of the hope & expectati<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on of the people did depend But what in wiſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dome of the fleſh, without the feare and true knowledge of God, and what is learning ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cept it be handemaide to verifye and ſounde iudgement. Wherfore euen of this man, wée maye ſee it verify<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> that one Roger Bak<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> pronounced long after.<note place="margin">Roger Bacon his <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>aying of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> preachers of his time who were y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> beſt law<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>yers & the worſt Di<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uines.</note> Of the corruption of his time, when all things were meaſured by witte and worldlye po<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>licye, rather then by the ſcriptures or <hi rend="text">Gu<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>dans</hi> of the ſpirit. Bet<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter it is ſaith hée, to heare a rude and ſimple I de<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e preach the truth, without apparauns of ſkill & learned <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>loquen<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e, then a profe <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> Clearke to ſet forth <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>or, with great ſhewe of learning, & boaſt of filed vtterance. Theſe follies of <hi rend="text">Pelagius,</hi> were blaſed abroade about the 400. of Chriſt, & from thenceforth how his number of Monkes increaſed on the one ſide, & his doctrine on the other, there is al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>moſt no reader that is vnſkilfull & ignorant.</p> <p>This alſo is certaine, that within the ſpace of 200. yeres and odde, there were more then 2100.<note place="margin">More the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>100 mon<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>es in the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>olledge <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>r Abbay <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>f Bangor</note> monkes gathered togither in his houſe, whoſe trades not withſtanding the errors of founder, (who taught ſuch an eſtimation of merite and bodily exerciſe, as Paule calleth it) as therby he ſought not onely to impugne, but alſo preuent grace, which was in déede the originall occaſion of the erection of hys houſe) were yet farre better and more godly; then all thoſe religious orders, that were in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uented of later time, wherein the profeſſours lyued to themſelues, their wombes and the licencious fruition of thoſe partes, that are beneath the belly. For theſe laboured co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tinu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>allye for their owne liuings, at vacant times from praier, and for the better maintenance, of ſuch as were their appoynted Preachers. Their liues alſo were correſpondent to their doctrine, ſo that herein onelye they ſéemed in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tollerable, in that they had confidence in their deedes, & that they had no warrant out of the worde for their ſuccor & defe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce, but were ſuch a plant, as the heauenly father had not plan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted, and therefore no meruaile, though after<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>warde they were rayſed by the rootes.</p> <p>But as <hi rend="text">Pelagius</hi> and his adherentes, had a tyme to infecte the Church of Chriſt in the Britaine, ſo the lyuing GOD hath had a ſeaſon to purge the ſame, though not by a full reformation of doctrine, ſith <hi rend="text">Germanus, Lu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pus, Palladius, Patricius,</hi> <note place="margin">Germanus, Lupus, Pal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ladius, Pa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tricius.</note> and ſuch like leaning vnto the monaſticall trades, did not ſomuch co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>demne the generall errors of <hi rend="text">Pellagius,</hi> one way as maintayne the ſame, or as euill opi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s another. For as Patricke ſéemed to like well of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> honoring of the dead, ſo <hi rend="text">Germanus</hi> being in Britaine erected a chappel to S. Al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ha<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:punc">▪</g> the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ther in <hi rend="text">Lupus</hi> played as <hi rend="text">Palladius</hi> up<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>held the ſtrickeneſſe of life,<note place="margin">Seuerus Sulpitius in vita pa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tricij.</note> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>umonaſticall pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>feſſion <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> he vttermoſt of his power. Wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore God purged his houſe, rather by taking away y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> wicked, and <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> ſcholemaiſters of errour, out of this lyfe: hoping that by ſuch meanes, his people woulde haue giuen eare to the godly that remained. But when thys hy<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> pr<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>yſe coulde take replace, & the ſhéepe of his paſture woulde rec<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>iue no wholeſome nom<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>nition, it pleaſed his maieſtie, to let the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> runne on headlong from one iniquitie to ano<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther, inſomuch that after the doctrine of <hi rend="text">Pela<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gius,</hi> it receiued that o<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Rome alſo, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ought i<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> by <hi rend="text">Auguſtine</hi> and his makes, wherby it was to be ſeene,<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Auguſtine</hi> y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Monke.</note> how they fell from the truth into hereſye, & from one hereſy ſtill into another, till at the laſt they were drawned altogither, in the pitte of error, digged vp by Antichriſt, as welles that holde no water, which not<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>withſtanding to their followers ſéemed to be moſt founde doctrine, and ciſternes of liuing water to ſuch as imbraced the ſame.</p> <p>This <hi rend="text">Auguſtine</hi> after his arriuall,<note place="margin">Auguſtine.</note> conuer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted the Saxons in déede from <hi rend="text">Paganiſme,</hi> but as the Prouerb ſayth; bringing them out of Goddes bleſſing into the warme ſunne, he alſo imbued them wyth no leſſe hurtfull ſu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>perſticion, then they did knowe before: for beſide the only name of Chriſt, and externall contempt of their priſtinate Idolatrye, be taught them nothing at all, but rather I ſay made an exchange, from groſſe to ſubtill tre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cherie, from open to ſecret Idolatry, and fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the name of Paganes, to the bare title of chriſtians, thinking this ſufficient for theyr ſoules health, and the ſtabliſhment of hys monachiſme, of which kynde of profeſſion, the holye Scriptures of God can in no wyſe allowe. But what ca<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ed he ſith he got the great fiſh for which he did caſt his hooke, & ſo great was the fiſhe that he caught in the end, that within the ſpace of 1000 & leſſe it deuoured the fourth parte and more, of the beſt ſoyle of the Iſlande, which was whollye beſtowed vpon his monkes, and other rely<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gious brodes, y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> were hatched ſince his time.</p> <p>Whileſt theſe things were thus in hande, in the ſouth parte of Albion, the Meates, Pictes, and Caledoniens,<note place="margin">Meates. Pictes, Caledonies</note> which lye beyonde the Scottiſh ſea, receiued alſo the preaching of ſuch chriſtian elders, as aduentured thither daily, and not without great ſucceſſe, and in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>creaſe of perfit godlyneſſe, in that parte of the Ile. Certes this proſperous attempt, paſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed all mens expectatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, for that theſe nations were in thoſe dayes reputed wild ſauage, and more vnfaithfull and craftye, then well minded people, (as the wilde Iriſh are in my <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:20" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> time) and ſuch were they to ſay the truth, in déede, as neyther the ſugred curteſye, nor ſharpe ſwordes of the Romaines, coulde re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtreyne from their naturall fury or bring to any order. For this cauſe alſo in thend y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Ro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>maine Emperours did vtterly caſt them of as an vnprofitable, brutiſhe, and vntameable nation, & by an huge wall hereafter to be de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſcribed, ſeparated that rude companye from the milde and ciuill portion.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Scotlande conuerted to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> fayth of Chriſt.</note>This conuerſion of the north parts, fell out in the ſixt yeare before the warres that <hi rend="text">Seuorus</hi> had in thoſe quarters, and 170. after y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> death of our Sauiour Ieſus Chriſt. From thenceforth alſo the chriſtian religion conty<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nued ſtill among them, by the diligent care of their Paſtors and Byſhops (after the vſe of the churches of the ſouth part of this Iſland) tyll the Romaine ſhepehearde ſought them out, and founde the meanes to pull them vnto him in like ſort with his long ſtaffe as he had done our countryemen, whereby in in the ende he aboliſhed the rites of the chur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ches of <hi rend="text">Aſia</hi> there alſo, as <hi rend="text">Auguſtine</hi> had done already in England: and in ſtéede of the ſame did furniſh it vp, with thoſe of his ponti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ficall Sie, although there was great conten<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tion, and no leſſe bloudſhed made amongſt them, before it coulde be brought to paſſe, as by the Hyſtories, of both nations yet extaunt is caſye to be ſéene.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Palladius.</note>In the time of <hi rend="text">Coeleſtine</hi> Biſhop of Rome, one <hi rend="text">Palladius,</hi> <note place="margin">The firſt attempt of the Biſh. of Rome to bring Scotlande vnder hys obedience.</note> a Grecian borne, (to whome <hi rend="text">Cyrill</hi> wrote hys Dialogue, <hi rend="text">de adoratione in ſpiritu</hi>) & ſometime diſciple to Iohn the 24. Biſhop of Ieruſalem, came ouer from Rome into Brytaine, there to ſuppreſſe the Pellagi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>en hereſye, which not a little moleſted the Orthodoxes of that Iland. And hauing done much good in the extinguiſhing of the afore<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſayd opinio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> there, he went at the laſt alſo into Scotlande, ſuppoſing no leſſe, but after he had trauailed ſomewhat in confutation of the <hi rend="text">Pelagiens</hi> in thoſe partes, he ſhoulde ea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſilye perſwade that crooked nation to admit and receiue the rytes of the church of Rome, as he woulde faine haue done beforehande in the ſouth.<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Faſtidius</hi> Biſhop of London.</note> But as <hi rend="text">Faſtidius</hi> Biſhop of Londo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, and his Suffragans reſiſted him here, ſo dyd the Scottiſh Prelates withſtande him here alſo, in this behalfe: howbeit becauſe of the authoritie of his commiſſon, grauitie of per<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſonage, & the great gift which he had in the vayne of pleaſaunt perſwaſion, (whereby he drewe the people after him, as <hi rend="text">Orpheus</hi> did the ſtones with his Harpe, and <hi rend="text">Hercules</hi> ſuch as hearde him by his tongue,) they had hym in great admiration, & are nowe contented (& the rather alſo for that he came fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Rome,) to take him for their chiefe Apoſtle,<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Palladi<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e</hi> accompt<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> for the A<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>poſtle of Scottes</note> returning from hys comming vnto them, as from the fayth receiued, which was in the 431. yeare of Chriſt, as the truth of theyr Hiſtory doth very well confirme.</p> <p>Thus wée ſée what religion hath from time to time béene receiued in this Iſlande, and howe and when the faith of Chriſt came firſt into our country. Howbeit as in proceſſe of time it was ouerſhadowed, and corrupted with the dreames, and fantaſticall imaginati<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ons of man, ſo it daily waxed woorſe & woorſe, till that it pleaſed God to reſtore the preach<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing of his Goſpell againe in our dayes, wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>by the man of ſinne is nowe openly reuealed, and the puritye of the worde once agayne brought to light, to the vtter ouerthrowe of Sathan, and his Popiſh adherentes that ho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nour him day and night.</p> </div> <div n="8" type="chapter"> <head>Of the number and names of ſuch ſalt Iſlands, as lye diſperſed rounde about vppon the coaſt of Brytaine. Cap. 8.</head> <p>THere are néere vnto, or not verye farre from the coaſts of Brytaine many faire Iſlandes, whereof Irelande with hir neigh<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bors, (not here ha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>dled) ſéeme to be the chiefe. But of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> reaſt, ſome are much larger or leſſe then other, diuers in lyke ſort enuironed con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tinually with the ſalt ſea, (whereof I purpoſe onely to intreate, although not a few of them be Ilands but at the floude) & other finally be clipped partely by the freſh, and partly by the ſalt water, or by the freſhe alone, whereof I may ſpeake afterwarde.</p> <p>Of theſe ſalt Iſlandes, (for ſo I call them that are enuyroned with the Ocean-waues) ſome are fruitefull in Wood, Corne, Wilde<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>foule, and paſture grounde for Cattel, albeit that manye of them be accounted barren be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cauſe they are only repleniſhed with conies & thoſe of ſundry collors, (cheriſhed of purpoſe by the owners, for their ſkinnes carcaſes, and prouyſion of houſholde,) wythout ey<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther man, or woman, otherwiſe inhabiting in them. Furthermore, the greateſt number of theſe Iſlandes, haue Townes and pariſhe Churches, within theyr ſeuerall precinctes, ſome mo, ſome leſſe: and beſide all thys, are ſo inriched with commodities, that they haue pleaſant hauens, freſhe ſpringes, great ſtore of fiſhe, and plentye of Cattell, whereby the inhabitants doe reape no ſmall aduantage. How many they are in nu<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ber I ca<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>not as yet determine, bycauſe myne informations are not ſo fully ſet down, as the promiſes of ſome on the ſide, & myne expectation on the other, <!--<pb n="12" facs="tcp:29044:20"/>--> did exte<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d vnto. Howbeit, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> firſt of al there are certeine which lie néere togither, as it were by heaps & cluſters, I hope, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> will rediliy deny.<note place="margin">Neſiadae. Inſule. Scylurum. Sileuſtrae. Syllanae. Sorlingae Sylley. Hebrides. Hebudes. Meuanie. Orchades.</note> Of theſe alſo thoſe called y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> <hi rend="text">Neſiadae, In<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſulae Scylurum, Sileuſtrae, Syllanae,</hi> nowe y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lings, and Iſles of <hi rend="text">Silley,</hi> lying beyond Corn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wall are one, and conteineth in number one hundred fourtye & ſeauen, (eche of them, bea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ring graſſe) beſides ſhelfers and ſhallowes. In like ſort the company of the <hi rend="text">Hebrides</hi> are another which are ſayd to be 43. ſituate vpon the weſt ſide of this Iſland, betwéene Ireland and Scotland, and of which there are ſome, that repute <hi rend="text">Angleſey, Mona Gaeſaris,</hi> & other lying betwéene them to be percell, in theyr corrupted iudgement. The thirde cluſter or bunche, conſiſteth of thoſe, that are called the Orchades, and theſe lye vpon the North<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>weſt point of Scotlande being 31. in number, as for the reaſt they lye ſcattered here and there, and yet not to be vntouched as theyr courſes ſhall come about.</p> <p>There haue béene diuers that haue written of purpoſe, <hi rend="text">De inſulis Britanniae,</hi> as <hi rend="text">Caeſar</hi> doth confeſſe, the lyke alſo maye be ſéene by <hi rend="text">Plutarche</hi> who nameth one <hi rend="text">Demetrius,</hi> a Bry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>taine that ſhoulde ſet foorth an exact treatiſe of eche of them in order, but ſith thoſe bookes are now peryſhed, and the moſt of the ſayde Iſlandes remaine vtterly vnknowne, euen to our owne ſelues. I meane God willyng to ſet downe ſo many of them with their com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>modities, as I doe either knowe by Leland, or am otherwyſe inſtructed of, by ſuch as are of credite. Herein alſo I will touch at large ſuch as are moſt famous, and brieflye paſſe ouer thoſe that are obſcure and vnknowen, making myne entraunce at the Thames mouth, and directing thys imagined courſe, (for I neuer ſailed it), by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſouth part of the Iland, into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Weſt. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> thence in lyke ſort, I will proceede into the North, & come about againe by the eaſt ſide into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> fall of the afore<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſaid ſtreame, where I will ſtrike ſayle, & ſafe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly be ſet a ſhoore, that haue often in this voy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>age wanted water, but oftner béene ſet a grounde, eſpeciallye on the Scottiſh ſide.</p> <p>In beginning therfore, with ſuch as lye in the mouth of the aforeſayde Riuer, I muſt néedes paſſe by the Hoo,<note place="margin">Hoo.</note> whiche is not an Iſlande but (if I may giue ſuch péeces a new name) a bylande, bycauſe we may paſſe thy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther from the maine Iſle, by an Iſthums or ſtrictlande, that is to ſay by lande, without a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nye veſſell, at the full Sea, or any horſe at the ebbe.<note place="margin">Greane.</note> It lyeth betwéene Clyffe and the mid<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>way, that goeth alo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g by Rocheſter. Next vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>this we haue the Greane wherein is a towne of the ſame denomination, an Iſle ſuppo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed to be foure miles in length, and two in bredth.<note place="margin">Shepey.</note> Then come we to Shepey, which con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>teineth ſeauen myles in length, and thrée in breadth, wherein is a caſtell called Quin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>borowe, and a Parke, beſide foure Townes, of which one is named Munſter, another Eaſtchurch, the thyrde Warden, & the fourth Leyden: the whole ſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>yle being<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> thorowly <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ad with ſheepe, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>erye well woodded, and as I here belonging to the Lord Cheyney, as par<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cell of his <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> inheritaunce It lyeth thirtéene myles by water from Rocheſter, but the Caſtle is fiftéene, and by ſouth thereof are two ſmall Iſlandes, whereof the one is called <hi rend="text">Elmeſy,</hi> and the more eaſterly <hi rend="text">Herteſy<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> </hi> <note place="margin">Elmeſey. Hertſey.</note> In this alſo is a towne called Hertie, or Hartie, and all in the Hathe of Scraie, notwithſtan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding that Hartie lieth in the hundred of Fa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uerſham, and Shepey retaineth one eſpecyall Baily of hir owne.</p> <p>From hence we paſſe by the Reculuers, (or territorie belonging in tyme paſt to one <hi rend="text">Raculphus,</hi> who erected an houſe of religion, or ſome ſuch thing there,) vnto a litle Iſland, in the ſtoure mouth.<note place="margin">Stureſey. Thanet.</note> Herevpon alſo the <hi rend="text">Tha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>net</hi> abutteth, which is rather a bylande then an yland. <hi rend="text">Beda</hi> noteth it in times paſt to haue contayned <hi rend="text">600</hi> families, which are all one with Hidelandes <note n="*" place="margin">In Lin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>colneſhire the worde hyde or hidelande, was neuer in vſe in olde time as in o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther places but for hide they vſed the word Ca<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tucate or cart<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ware, or Teme, and theſe were of no leſſe compaſſe then an hideland. <hi rend="text">Ex Hugo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ne le blanc Monacho petrobur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>genſi.</hi> </note> Plowghlandes, Carru<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cates or Temewares. He addeth alſo y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> it is deuided from our continent, by the riuer cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led Wantſume, which is about thrée fur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>longs brode, & to be paſſed ouer in two pla<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ces onely.</p> <p>But whereas <hi rend="text">Polidore</hi> ſayeth, the Te<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>net is nyne myles in length & not much leſſe in bredth, it is nowe reconed that it hath not much aboue ſeue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> myles from Nordtmuth to Sandwiche, & foure in bredth, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the Stoure to Margate, or from the South to the North, the circuit of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> whole being 17. or 18. as Ley<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>la<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d alſo noteth. This Ila<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d hath no wood gro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wing in it except it be forced, & yet otherwiſe it is very fruitfull, and beſide that, it wanteth fewe other commodities, the fineſt chalke is ſayde to be found there. Herin alſo dyd <hi rend="text">Augu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtine</hi> the Monke firſt arriue when he came to conuert the Saxons, & afterward in proceſſe of tyme, ſundry religious houſes were erec<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted there, as in a ſoyle much bettered (as y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſuperſticiors ſuppoſed) by ſteps of that ho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly man & ſuch as came ouer with him. There are at this tyme 10. Pariſh churches at the leaſt in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Iſle of Thanet, as <hi rend="text">S. Nicholas, Bir<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>chingto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> S. Iohns, Wood,</hi> or Woodchurch, <hi rend="text">S. Pe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ters, S. Laure<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s, Mownto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> </hi> or <hi rend="text">Monketon, Minſter, S. Gyles</hi> and all Saincts, wherof M. Lambert hath written at large in his deſcription of Kent, & placed the ſame in lath the of <hi rend="text">S. Augu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtine</hi> <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:21"/>--> and hundred of Ringeflow as may eaſi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly be ſéene to him that will peruſe it.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Rutupium,</note>Sometyme <hi rend="text">Rutupium</hi> (or as <hi rend="text">Beda</hi> calleth it Reptaceſter) ſtoode alſo in this Iſlande, but now thorowe alteration of the chanell of the Dour, it is ſhut quite out and annexed to the maine. It is called in theſe daies Richeborow and as it ſhoulde ſeeme buylded vpon an in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>different ſoyle, or highe grounde. The large brickes alſo yet to be ſéene there, in the rui<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nous walles, declare eyther the Romayne or the old Brittiſh workemanſhip. But as time decayeth all things, ſo <hi rend="text">Rutupium</hi> is now be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>come deſolate, & out of the duſt therof Sand<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wiche producted, which ſtandeth a full mile from the place, where Reptaceſter ſtoode. The olde writers affirme, how <hi rend="text">Ethelbert</hi> the firſt chriſtian king of Kent, did holde his pal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lace in this towne, and yet none of his coyne hath hitherto béene founde there, as is dayly that of the Romaynes, whereof many péeces of ſiluer and gold, ſo wel as of braſſe, copper, and other mettal haue often bene ſhewed vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to me. It ſhoulde appeare in lyke ſorte that of this place, all the whole coaſt of Kent ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>about, was called <hi rend="text">Littus Rutupinum,</hi> which ſome doe not a little confirme by theſe words of <hi rend="text">Lucane,</hi> to be red in his ſixt booke, ſoone af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter the beginning. <q xml:lang="lat"> <l>Aut vaga cum Tethis, Rutupina<expan> <am> <g ref="char:abque"/> </am> <ex>que</ex> </expan> littora feruent,</l> <l>Vnda Calidonios fallit turbata Brittannos.</l> </q> <hi rend="text">Or when the wa<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>dering Seas or Kentiſh coaſts doe worke,</hi> <note place="margin">The laſt verſe of one copie and firſt of another.</note> <hi rend="text">and Calidons of Brittiſhe bloude, the troubled waues beguyle.</hi> Meaning in like ſorte by the latter the coaſte néere Andredeſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>walde, which in time paſt was called <hi rend="text">Littus Calidonium</hi> of that wood or forreſt, as Leland alſo confirmeth. But as it is not my minde to deale any thing curiouſly in theſe by mat<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ters, ſo in returning againe to my purpoſe, & taking my iorney toward the Wight, I muſt néeds paſſe by Seleſey,<note place="margin">Seleſey.</note> which ſometime as it ſhould ſéeme hath ben a noble yland, but now a Byla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d or <hi rend="text">Peninſula,</hi> wherin the chiefe Sie of the Byſhop of Chicheſter was holden by the ſpace of 329. yeres, & vnder 20. Biſhops.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Thorne.</note>Next vnto this, we come vnto thoſe that lye betwéene the Wight and the mayne lande, of which the moſt eaſterly is called Thorne, & to ſay truth, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> very leaſt of al that are to be founde in that knotte. Being paſt the Thorne we touched vpon the Haling, which is bigger then the Thorne, and wherein one towne is ſcituate of the ſame denominatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> beſide ano<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther, whoſe name I remember not. By weſt alſo of the Haling lieth the Port (the greateſt of the thrée already mencioned) & in this ſtan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deth Portſmouth and Ringſtéed,<note place="margin">Haling.</note> whereof al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſo our Lelande, ſayeth thus. Port Iſle is cut fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the ſhore by an arme of the maine hauen, which breaketh out about three myles aboue Portſmouth & goeth vp two myles or more by moriſhe grounde to a place called Port<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bridge,<note place="margin">Port.</note> which is two myles fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Portſmouth. The<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> breaketh there out another Créeke fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the maine ſea, about Auant hauen, which gulleth vp almoſt to Portbridge, and thence is the ground diſſeuered, ſo that Portſmouth ſta<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>deth in a corner of this Iſle, which Iſland is in length ſixe myles, and thrée myles in bredth, very good for graſſe & corne, not with<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>out ſome wood, and here and there incloſure. Beſide this there is alſo another Iſla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d north northweſt of port yle, which is now ſo worne and waſhed awaye with the working of the ſea, that at the ſpring tides it is wholly coue<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>red with water, and thereby made vnprofi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>table. Finally being paſt all theſe, & in com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>paſſing this goulfe, we come by an other, which lyeth North of Hirſt caſtell, and ſouth<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eaſt of Kaie hauen, whereof I finde nothing worthy to be noted, ſauing that it wanteth wood as <hi rend="text">Ptolomie</hi> affirmeth in hys Geogra<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>phicall tables of all thoſe Iſlands, which en<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uironne our Albion.</p> <p>The Wight it ſelfe is called in latine <hi rend="text">Ve<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ctis,</hi> <note place="margin">Wight. Guidh.</note> but in the Bryttiſh ſpeach <hi rend="text">Guidh,</hi> that is to ſay éefe or eaſie to be ſéene. It lieth diſta<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t from the ſouth ſhore of Britaine (where it is fardeſt of) by fiue myles & a halfe, but where it commeth néereſt, not paſſing a thouſande paces, and this at the cut ouer betwene Hirſt caſtell and a place called Whetwell chine, as the inhabitauntes doe report. It contay<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth in length twentie myles, and in bredth tenne, it hath alſo the North poole eleuated by 50. degrées and 27. minutes, & is onely 18. degrées in diſtaunce, and 50. odde minutes, from the Weſt point as experience hath con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>firmed, contrarie to the deſcription of <hi rend="text">Ptolo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mie,</hi> and ſuch as followe his aſſertions in the ſame. In forme, it repreſenteth almoſt an egge, and ſo well is it inhabited with méere Engliſh at this preſent, that there are thirtie ſixe Townes, Villages and Caſtels to be founde therin, beſide 27. Pariſh churches, of which 15. or 16. haue their Parſons, the reaſt eyther ſuch poore Vicares or Curates, as the liuings left are able to ſuſtayne. The names of the Pariſhes in the Wight are theſe.</p> <list> <item>1. Newport, a chap.</item> <item>2. Cairſbroſie. v.</item> <item>3. Northwood.</item> <item>4. Arriun. v.</item> <item>5. Goddeſhill. v.</item> <item>6. Whytwell.</item> <item>7. S. Laurence. p.</item> <item>8. Nighton. p.</item> <item>9. Brading. v.<note place="margin">P. ſignifi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth Par<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nages, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Vicar<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> </note> </item> <item>10. Newchurch. v.</item> <item>11. S. Helene. v.</item> <item>12. Yauerland. p.</item> <item>13. Calborne. p.</item> <item>14. Bonechurch. p.</item> <item> <!--<pb n="13" facs="tcp:29044:21"/>-->15. Motteſſon. p.</item> <item>16. Yarmouth. p.</item> <item>17. Thorley. v.</item> <item>18. Sha<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap>e. v.</item> <item>19. Whippingha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>. p.</item> <item>20. W<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>tton. p.</item> <item>21. Chale. p.</item> <item>22. Kingſton. p.</item> <item>23. Shorwell. p.</item> <item>24. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>a<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>mbe. p.</item> <item>25. Bro<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ie.</item> <item>26. Bryxſton. p.</item> <item>27. Be<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>iſted. p.</item> </list> <p>It belongeth for temporall Iuriſdiction to the countie of Hamſhire, but in ſpirituall caſes, it yéeldeth obedie<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce to the See of Chi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cheſter, whereof it is a De<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>erie. As for the ſoyle of the whole Iſland, it is very fruitful, for notwithſtanding that the ſhore of it ſelfe be very full of rockes and <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>aggy cliffes, yet there wanteth no plentie of cattell, corne, pa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſture, medow grounde, wilde foule, fiſh, freſh riuers, and pleaſant wooddes, wherby the in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>habitants may lyue in eaſe and welfare. It was firſt ruled by a ſeuerall king, and after<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>warde wonne from the Britons by <hi rend="text">Veſpa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſian</hi> the Legate, at ſuch tyme as he made a voyage into the Weſt country. In proceſſe of tyme alſo it was gotten fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the Romaines by <hi rend="text">Ceadwall<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>,</hi> who killed <hi rend="text">Aruald</hi> that reig<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned there, and reſerued the ſouereingtie of that Iſle to himſelfe, and his ſucceſſours. Af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter <hi rend="text">Ceadwalla,</hi> Woolfride the Parricide was the firſt Saxon Prince, that aduentured into the Wight, whether he was driuen by <hi rend="text">Ken<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>walch</hi> of the Weſt ſaxons, who made great warres vpon him, and in the ende compel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led hym to flye into this place for ſuccours, as did alſo king <hi rend="text">Iohn,</hi> in the rebellious ſturre of his Barons, practiſed by the clargie: the ſayd Iſla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d being as then in poſſeſſio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of the Fortes as ſome doe write that haue handled it of purpoſe. The firſt Earle of this Iſlande that I doe read of, was one <hi rend="text">Baldwijne de Betoun</hi> who maryed for his ſeconde wife, the daugh<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter of <hi rend="text">William le Groſſe</hi> Earle of Awmarle, but he dying without iſſue by this Lady, ſhe was maryed y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſecond time to Earle Mawn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deuile, and thirdlye to William <hi rend="text">de Fortes,</hi> who finyſhed Skipton Caſtell, which hys wyues father had begunne about the time of king Richard y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> firſt. Hereby it came to paſſe alſo, y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the fortes were Erles of Awmarle, Wight, and Deuonſhyre a long time, till the Lady Elizabeth <hi rend="text">Fortes</hi> ſole heire to all thoſe poſſeſſions came to age, with who<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> king Ed<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ward the thirde ſo preuayled thorow money and fayre wordes, that he gate the poſſeſſion of the Wight wholly into his handes. After we be paſt the Wight, we go forwarde and come vnto Poole hauen, wherein is an Iſle, called <hi rend="text">Brunt Keyſi,</hi> in which was ſometime a Pariſhe church,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>unt <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſi.</note> and yet a chappell at this preſent as I here. There are alſo two other Iſles but I know not their names.</p> <p>Wée haue after wée are paſſed by theſe another Iſle,<note place="margin">Portland.</note> alſo vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the co<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> named Port<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land not farre from Waymouth a prety fer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tile péece through w<hi rend="sup">t</hi>out woode, of 10. myles in circuite, now well inhabited, but much bet<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter heretofore, & yet are there about 80. houſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>holdes in it. There is alſo but one ſtréete of houſes therin, the reaſt are diſperſed, how<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>beit they belong all to one Pariſhe Church, whereas in time paſt there were two within the compaſſe of the ſame. There is alſo a Ca<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtell of the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ings, who is Lord of the Iſle, al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>though the biſhop of Wincheſter be patrone of the Church, the perſonage whereof is the faireſt houſe in al the péece. The people there are excellent <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ingers of ſtones, which feate they vſe for the defence of their Iſlande, and yet otherwiſe very couetous. And wheras in tyme paſt they lyued onely by fiſhing, now they fall to tillage, their fire bote is brought out of the wight, and other places, yet do they burne much cowdung, dryed in the ſonne: for there is I ſay no wood in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Iſle, except a few elmes that be about the church. There would ſome growe there, no doubt if they were wil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ling to plant it, although the ſoyle lye very bleake & open. It is not long ſince this was vnited to the mayne, and likely ere long to be cut of againe. Being paſt thys we rayſe ano<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther, alſo in the mouth of the Gowy, betwene Golſforde & Lime, of which for the ſmalneſſe therof I make no great accompt. Wherfore giuing ouer to intreate anye farder of it I caſt about to Gerſey, and Gerneſey,<note place="margin">Gerſey. Garneſey.</note> which Iſles with their appurtenaunces appertay<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned in tymes paſt to the Dukes of Norman<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dye, but now they remayne to our Quéene, as percell of Hamſhyre and belonging to hir Crowne, by meanes of a compoſition made, betwéene king Iohn of England, & the king of Fraunce, when the Dominions of the ſaid Prince began ſo faſt to decreaſe, as <hi rend="text">Thomas Sulmo</hi> ſayth.</p> <p>Of theſe two, Gerſey is the greateſt,<note place="margin">Gerſey.</note> as an Iſla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d hauing 30. miles in co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>pas, as moſt men doe co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>iecture. There are likewiſe in the ſame twelue Pariſh Churches, wyth a Colledge, which hath a Deane and Prebendes. It is di<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtaunt from Gerneſey full 21. myles, or there<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>aboutes. In this latter alſo, there haue bene in times paſt, fiue religious houſes and nyne Caſtelles,<note place="margin">Gerneſey.</note> howbeit in theſe dayes there is but one Pariſh church left ſtanding in the ſame. There are alſo certayne other ſmall Iſlands, which Henry the ſecond in his Donation cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leth <hi rend="text">Inſuletas</hi> (beſide very many rocks) wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of one called <hi rend="text">S. Helenes</hi> (wherein ſometyme was a Monaſtery) is faſt vpon Gerſey,<note place="margin">S. Hereli.</note> ano<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther is named y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> <hi rend="text">Cornet,</hi> <note place="margin">Cornet.</note> which hath a Caſtell <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:22"/>--> not paſſing an arrow ſhoote fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Gerſey. The Serke alſo is betwéene both, which is is ſixe myles about,<note place="margin">Serke.</note> and hath another annexed to it by an <hi rend="text">Iſthmus</hi> or Strictlande, wherein was a religious houſe, and therewith all great ſtore of conyes.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Brehoc. Gytho. Herme.</note>There is alſo the Brehoc, the Gytho, and the Herme, which latter is foure myles in compaſſe, and therein was ſometyme a Chanonry, that afterwarde was conuer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted into an houſe of Franciſcanes. There are two other likewyſe néere vnto that of <hi rend="text">S. Hele<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rie</hi> of whoſe names I haue no notice. There is alſo the rockye,<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Burho</hi> als. the Iſle of Rattes.</note> Iſle, of Burhoo, but nowe the Iſle of Rattes (ſo called of the huge plen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tie of Rattes that are founde there, though otherwiſe it be repleniſhed with infinite ſtore of Conyes, betwéene whome and the Rattes, as I coniecture thoſe which we call Turkie confes are oftentimes produced among thoſe few houſes that are to be ſéene in thys Iland. Beſide this there is moreouer the Iſle of Al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>derney a very pretie Plot,<note place="margin">Alderney.</note> about ſeuen miles in compaſſe, wherein a Prieſt not long ſince did find a coffin of ſtone, in which lay y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> body of and huge Gyaunt, whoſe fore téeth were ſo bygge as a mans fiſt, as Lelande doth re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>port.</p> <p>Certes this to me is no marueile at al, ſith I haue read of greater, and mencioned them already in the beginning of thys booke. Such a one, alſo haue they in Spayne, whereunto they go in pilgrimage as vnto S. Chriſto<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>phers tooth, but it was one of his eye téeth, if <hi rend="text">Lodouicus Viues</hi> ſay true, who went hither to offer vnto y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame. <hi rend="text">S. Auguſt</hi> writeth in like ſorte, of ſuch another found vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the coſt of <hi rend="text">V<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tica,</hi> and thereby not onely gathered that all men were not onely farre greater then they be now, but alſo the Giaunts farre excéeding the huge ſtature of the hygheſt of them all. <hi rend="text">Homere</hi> complayneth that men in hys time were but Dwarfes in compariſon of ſuch as lyued in the warres of Troy. Sée his fift <hi rend="text">Iliade,</hi> where he ſpeaketh of <hi rend="text">Diomedes</hi> & how he threw a ſtone at <hi rend="text">Aeneas,</hi> (which 14. men of his time were not able to ſturre) & therewith did hit hym on the thighe & ouerthrowe him. <hi rend="text">Virgile</hi> alſo noteth no leſſe, but <hi rend="text">Iuuenall</hi> brief<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lye comprehendeth all thys in his 15. <hi rend="text">Satyra,</hi> where he ſayth. <q xml:lang="lat"> <l>Saxa inclinatis per humum quaeſita lacertis</l> <l> <note place="margin">Iliad 5. & 7.</note>Incipiunt torquere, domeſtica ſeditione</l> <l>Tela, nec hunc lapidem, quali ſe Turnus, & Aiax,</l> <l>Et quo Tytides percuſsit pondere coxam</l> <l> <note place="margin">Virgilius Aen. 12.</note>Aeneae: ſed quem valeant emittere dextrae</l> <l>Illis diſsimiles, & noſtro tempore natae.</l> <l>Nam genus hoc viuo iam decreſcebat Homero.</l> <l>Terra malos homines nunq educat, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>t a puſillos,</l> <l>Ergo De<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>s qui<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> aſpex<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>t, ri<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </l> </q> But to returne agayne vnto the Iſle of Al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>derney fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>whence I haue digreſſed. Herein alſo is a pretie towne with a Pariſh church, great plentie of Corne, Cattell, Conyes, and wilde foule, whereby the inhabitauntes doe reape much gayne and commoditie, onelye wood is theyr want, which they otherwyſe ſupply. The language alſo of ſuch as dwel in theſe Iſles, is Frenche, but the attire of thoſe y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> liued in Gerneſey & Gerſey, vntil the time of King Henry the eyght, was al after the I<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>riſh guyſe. The Iſle of Gerneſey alſo was ſore ſpoyled by the Frenche 1371. & left ſo de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſolate that onely one caſtell remained there<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>in vntouched.</p> <p>Beyonde thys and néere vnto the coaſt of Englande (for theſe doe lye about the ve<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rye middeſt of the Brittiſh ſea) we haue one Iſlande called the Bruch or the Bruchſey,<note place="margin">Bruchſey</note> lying about two myles from Poole, whether men ſayle from the Fromouth, & wherin is nought elſe, but an olde Chappell, without o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther houſing.</p> <p>Next to this alſo are certaine rocks, which ſome take for Iſles, as Illeſto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> rocke nere vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to Peritorie, Horeſtan Iſle a myle from Pe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ritorie by South, Blacke rocke Iſle, South<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eaſt from Perytorie toward Teygnemouth, and alſo Cheſter, otherwyſe called Plegy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mudham: but howe (to ſaye truth) or where this latter lieth, I ca<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>not make report, as yet, & ſith Leland noteth them togither, I thinke it not my part to make ſeparation of them.</p> <p>From hence the next Iſle is called Mount Iſland, otherwiſe Mowtland,<note place="margin">Mount Iſlande.</note> ſcituate ouer againſt Lough, about two myles from the ſhore, and well néere, thrée myles in com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>paſſe. This Iſland hath no inhabitants, but onely the Warrenner & his dogge, who loo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>keth vnto the Conies there: notwithſtanding that vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the coaſt therof in time of the yere, great ſtore of Pylchardes is taken, and ca<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ryed from thence into many places of our cou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>trey. It hath alſo a freſh Well comming out of the rockes, which is woorthy to be no<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted in ſo ſmall a co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>paſſe of ground. Moreouer in the mouth of the créeke that leadeth vnto Lough, or Loow, as ſome call it, there is an other little Iſlande of about eight Acres of grounde called <hi rend="text">S. Nicholas</hi> Iſle,<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">S. Nichol<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </hi> Iſlande.</note> and midwaye betwéene Falmouth, and Dudman, (a cer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tayne Promontorie) is ſuch another named the Grefe,<note place="margin">Greefe. Inis: Pr<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> wherein is great ſtore of Gulles & ſea foule. As for Inis Prynin, it lyeth within the Baye about thrée myles from Lizardes, & contayneth not aboue two Acres of grou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d, <!--<pb n="14" facs="tcp:29044:22"/>--> from which Newltjn is not farre diſtaunt, & wherein is a poore fiſher r<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>wne and a fayre We<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſpring, whereof as yet no writer hath made mention. After theſe (o<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>teing, p<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ndo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uant in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> point of Fulmouth hane) we came at laſt to ſaint Michaels profit,<note place="margin">Mount. S. Mi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>haeli.</note> wherof I find this deſcription readye to my handes in Le<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande. The compaſſe of the roote of the Mou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t of ſaint Michael is not much more then halfe a myle, and of this the South part is paſtu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rable and bréedeth Conyes; the reſidue high and rocky. In the North ſide thereof alſo is a Garden, with certayne houſes and ſhoppes for fiſhermen. Furthermore, the way to the Mountaine lieth at the North ſide, and is fre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>quented from halfe ebbe to halfe floud, the en<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>traunce beginning at the foote of the Hyll, & ſo aſſending by ſteps and greces weſtward, firſt, and then Eaſtward to the vtterward of the Church. Within the ſame ward alſo is a Court ſtrongly walled, wherin on the ſouth<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſide is a Chappell of S. Michaell, and in the Eaſtſide another of our Lady. Many times a man maye come to the hill on foote. On the North Northweſt ſide hereof alſo, is a Piere for botes and ſhips, and in the baye betwixt the Mount & Penſantz are ſéene at the lowe water marke, diuers rootes and ſtubbes of trées, beſide hewen ſtone, ſometimes of dores and windowes, which are perceyued in the inner part of the Bay, and import that there hath not onely béene buylding, but alſo firme ground there, whereas the Salt water doth now rule & beare the maſtery. Beyond this is an other litle Iſle,<note place="margin">S. Cle<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ments.</note> called S. Cleme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ts Iſle, of a Chappell there dedicated to that Saint. It hath a litle beyond it, Mowſhole, which is not touched in any Card. As for Mowſhole it ſelf it is a towne of the maine, called in Cor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>niſh port <hi rend="text">Enis,</hi> that is, <hi rend="text">portus inſule,</hi> & in tinne workes néere vnto the ſame, there hath bene founde of late, ſpeare heddes, battaile axes, & ſwords of Copper, wrapped vp in linnen and ſcarſely hurt with ruſt or other hinderance. Certes the ſea hath won very much in this corner of our Iſlande, but chiefly betwéene Mowſhole Penſardes.</p> <p>Hauing thus paſſed ouer very néere all ſuch Iſles, as lye vppon the ſouth coaſt of Bry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>taine, and nowe being come vnto the weſt part of our cou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>try, a ſodeyne Pirry catcheth holde of vs (as it did before, when we went to Gerſy) and caryeth vs yet more weſterlye a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g the flattes of Sylly. Such force doth the ſoutheaſt winde often ſhowe vpon poore tra<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ueylers in thoſe parties, as the ſouth & ſouth<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>weſt, doth vpon ſtraungers againſt the Bry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tiſh coaſt, that are not ſkilfull of our rodes, and herborowes. Howbeit ſuch was our ſuc<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceſſe in their voyage, that we feared no rockes,<note place="margin">King A<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thelſtane hauing ſubdued the Syl<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lane Iſles, builded a Colledge of Prieſts at S. Bu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rien, in perfour<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mance of his vowe, made whe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> he enter<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>priſed this voyage, for his ſafe re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>turne.</note> (more then did king Athelſtane, when he ſub<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dued the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>) nor any tempeſt of weather in thoſe partes, that <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>lde annoy the paſſage. Peru<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſing therefore the periles whereinto we were pitifully plouged: we founde the Syllane I<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> (places often robbed by the French<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>men and Spanyardes) to lye diſtaunt from the poynt of Cornewall, about thrée or foure houre <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> ſayling, or twentie Englyſhe miles, as ſome men doe account it. There are of theſe as I ſayde, to the number of one hundreth forty ſeauen in ſight, whereof eche one is greater or leſſe then other, and moſt of them ſometime inhabited, howbeit, there are twentie of them, which for their greatneſſe & commodities, excéede all the reaſt. Therto (if you reſpect their poſition) they are ſcituate in manner of a circle, or ring, hauing an huge lake, or portion of the ſea in the middeſt of them, which is not without perill, to ſuch as with ſmall aduiſement enter into the ſame. Certes it paſſeth my cunning, either to name or to deſcrybe all theſe one hundreth fourtie ſeauen according to their eſtate, neither haue I had any information of them, more than I haue gathered by Leyland, or gotten out of a Mappe of their deſcriptio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, which I had, ſome<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tyme of Reynolde Woolfe: wherefore omit<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ting as it were all the raggos, and ſuch as are not worthy to haue anytime ſpent about their particular deſcriptions, I will only touch the greateſt and thoſe that ly togither, (as I ſaid) in maner of a roundell.</p> <p>The firſt and greateſt of theſe therefore, called <hi rend="text">S. Maries</hi> Iſle, is about fiue miles ouer,<note place="margin">S. Ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ries Iſle.</note> or nyne myles in compaſſe. Therein alſo is a pariſhe Church, and a poore Towne belong<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing thereto, of thrée ſcore houſholdes, beſide a caſtel, ple<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tie of Corne, Co<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>es, wilde Swai<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nes, Puffens, Gulles, Cranes & other kindes of Foule, in great abunda<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce. This fertile Iſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>la<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d being thus viewed, we ſailed ſouthwarde by the norman rocke; & <hi rend="text">S. Maries</hi> ſounde vnto <hi rend="text">Agnus</hi> Iſle, which is ſixe myles ouer,<note place="margin">Agnus Iſle.</note> & hath in lyke ſorte one Towne or Pariſhe within the ſame of fiue or ſixe houſholdes, beſide no ſmall ſtore of Hogs, & Con<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>es, of ſundry cou<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lours, very profitable to theyr owners. It is not long ſince this Iſle was left deſolate, for whe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> inhabita<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ts therof, returned fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> a feaſt holden in S. Maries Iſle, they were al drow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned and not one perſon left aliue. There are alſo two other ſmall Iſlandes, betwéene this & the <hi rend="text">Annot,</hi> <note place="margin">Annot.</note> wherof I finde nothing worthy relation, for as both of them ioyned together are not comparable, to the ſayde <hi rend="text">Annot</hi> for greatneſſe and circuite, ſo they want both Hogges and Connies, whereof <hi rend="text">Annot</hi> hath <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:23"/>--> great plentie.<note place="margin">Minwiſand. Smithy ſounde. Suartigan. Rouſuian. Rouſuiar. Cregwin.</note> There is moreouer the <hi rend="text">Minwi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſand,</hi> from whence we paſſe by the <hi rend="text">Smithy ſound,</hi> (leauing thrée little Iſlandes on the left hande, vnto the <hi rend="text">Suartigan</hi> Iſlande, then to <hi rend="text">Rouſuian, Rouſuiar,</hi> and the <hi rend="text">Cregwin,</hi> which ſeauen are for y<hi rend="sup">u</hi> moſt part, repleniſhed with Conies only, and wilde Earlike, but voyde of woode, and other commodities, ſauyng of a ſhort kinde of graſſe, or here or there ſome firzes whereon their Conies doe féede.</p> <p>Leauing therefore theſe deſert péeces, wée incline a little towarde the northweſt, where we ſtumble or runne vppon,<note place="margin">Moncar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>that. Inis Wel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſeck. Suethiall. <hi rend="text">Rat Iſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land.</hi> Anwall. Brier.</note> <hi rend="text">Moncarthat, Inis Welſeck,</hi> & <hi rend="text">Suethial.</hi> We came in like ſort vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to Ratte Iſlande (wherein are ſo many mon<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtrous Rattes, that if horſes, or other beaſts, happen to come thither, or be left there by negligence, they are ſure to be deuoured and eaten vp, without all hope of recouerye) the <hi rend="text">Anwall</hi> and the <hi rend="text">Brier,</hi> Iſlandes in lyke ſorte voyde of all good furniture, Conies only ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cepted, & that; he <hi rend="text">Brier</hi> (wherein is a village, Caſtell, & pariſh Church) bringeth foorth no leſſe ſtore of Hogges, and wyldefoule, then Ratte Iſland doth of Rats, whereof I great<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly marueyle.</p> <p>By north of the <hi rend="text">Brier,</hi> lyeth the <hi rend="text">Ruſco,</hi> which hath a Labell or Bylande ſtretch<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing out toward the ſouthweſt, called <hi rend="text">Inis wid<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>don.</hi> <note place="margin">Ruſco. Inis widdo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>,</note> This <hi rend="text">Ruſco</hi> is verye néere ſo great as that of <hi rend="text">S. Maries.</hi> It hath moreouer an hold, & a Pariſh within it, beſide great ſtore of Conies and wildefoule, whereof they make much gayne in due tyme of the yeare. Next vnto thys wée come to the <hi rend="text">Rounde</hi> Iſland,<note place="margin">Round. <hi rend="text">Iſlande.</hi> S. Lides. Notho. Auing. Tyan.</note> then to <hi rend="text">S. Lides</hi> Iſland, (wherin is a Pariſh church, dedicated to that ſaint) the <hi rend="text">Notho,</hi> the <hi rend="text">Auing,</hi> (one of the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> being ſituate by ſouth of another) and the <hi rend="text">Tyan,</hi> which later is a great Iſlande, furnyſhed with a Pariſh Church, & no ſmall plenty of Conies as I here. After the <hi rend="text">Tyan</hi> we come to <hi rend="text">S. Martines</hi> Iſle,<note place="margin">S. Martines</note> betwixt which & <hi rend="text">S. Maries,</hi> are tenne other, ſmaller, which reach out of the northeaſt into the ſouthweſt, as <hi rend="text">Knolworth Sniuilliuer,</hi> <note place="margin">Knolworth. Sniuilliuer. Menwetha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Vollis. 1. Surwihe. Volils. 2. Arthurs Ile Guiniliuer. Nenech. Gothrois.</note> <hi rend="text">Menwetham, Vol<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lis.</hi> 1. <hi rend="text">Surwihe, Vollis.</hi> 2. <hi rend="text">Arthurs Iſland, Guiui<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>liuer, Nenech and Gothrois,</hi> whoſe qualities are dyuers: howbeit as no one of theſe, is to be accounted great in compariſon of the o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther, ſo they al yéelde a ſhort graſſe, méete for ſhéepe and Conies, as doe alſo the reaſt. In the greater Iſles likewiſe, (whoſe names are commonlye ſuch as thoſe of the Townes, or Churches ſtanding in the ſame) there are as I here ſundrye lakes, and thoſe neuer without great plentye of wildefoule, ſo that the Iſles of <hi rend="text">Sylly,</hi> are ſuppoſed to be no leſſe beneficiall to their Lordes, then anye other whatſoeuer, within the compaſſe of our Iſle, or néere vnto our coaſtes. In ſome of them alſo are wilde ſwine.<note place="margin">Wilde ſwine in <hi rend="text">Sylley.</hi> </note> And as thoſe Iſles are ſuppoſed to be a notable ſafegard to the coaſt of Corinewall, ſo in dyuers of them great ſtore of tinne, is to be founde. There is in like maner ſuch plenty of fiſhe taken among theſe ſame, that beſide the féeding of their ſwine wyth all, a man ſhall haue more there for a peny, then in London for ten Grotes: How<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>beit their chiefe co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>modity is made by Reigh, which they dry and cutte in péeces, and cary<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing it ouer into litle Britayne, they exchange it there, for Salt, Canuas, readye Money, or other Marchaundiſe which they doe ſtande in neede of. A like trade haue ſome of them alſo, with Buckehorne or dryed Whityng, as I here: but ſith the Authour of this report, did not flatly auouch it, I paſſe ouer that fiſhe as not in ſeaſon at this time. Thus haue we viewed the richeſt and moſt wealthy Iſles of <hi rend="text">Sylley,</hi> fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> whence we muſt direct our courſe eaſtwardes, vnto the mouth of the <hi rend="text">Sauerne,</hi> & then go backe againe vnto the weſt poynt of Wales, co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tinuing ſtill our voyage along vp<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on the weſt coaſt of Brytaine, till we come to the <hi rend="text">Soluey</hi> where at the kingdomes part, and from which forth on we muſt touch ſuch Iſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>landes, as lye vpon the weſt and northſhoore, till we be come againe vnto the Scottiſh ſea, and to our owne dominions.</p> <p>From the poynt of Cornewall therefore, or Promo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tory of <hi rend="text">Helenus,</hi> (ſo called, as ſome think,<note place="margin">Helenus. Priamus.</note> becauſe <hi rend="text">Helenus</hi> the ſon of <hi rend="text">Priamꝰ</hi> lyeth buried there, except y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſea haue waſhed away his ſepulchre) vntill we come vnto the mouth of <hi rend="text">Sauerne,</hi> we haue none Iſlandes at all that I do knowe or here of, but one lytle Byland, Cape or <hi rend="text">Peninſula,</hi> which is not to be reco<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned of in this place. And yet ſith I haue made mention of it, you ſhall vnderſtande, that it is called <hi rend="text">Pendinas,</hi> and beſide y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the compaſſe thereof is not aboue a myle, this is to be re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>membred farder how there ſta<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>deth a <hi rend="text">Pharos</hi> or light therein, for ſhippes which ſayle by thoſe coaſts in the night. There is alſo at the very poynt of the ſayde <hi rend="text">Pendinas,</hi> <note place="margin">Pendinas.</note> a chappell of <hi rend="text">S. Nicholas,</hi> beſide the church of <hi rend="text">S. Ia,</hi> an I<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>riſh woman Sainct. It belo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ged of late to the Lorde Brooke, but nowe as I geſſe the Lorde <hi rend="text">Mountioy</hi> enioyeth it. There is alſo a Block<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>houſe, and a péere in the eaſt ſide thereof, but the péere is ſore choked with ſande, as is the whole ſhore furthemore fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <hi rend="text">S. Ies</hi> vnto <hi rend="text">S. Car<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>antokes,</hi> inſomuch that the greateſt parte of thys Bylande is nowe couered with ſandes, which the ſea caſteth vp, & this calamity hath indured little aboue fiftie yeares.</p> <p>There are alſo two Rockes néere vnto <hi rend="text">Tredwy,</hi> and another not farre from <hi rend="text">Tinta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gell,</hi> <!--<pb n="15" facs="tcp:29044:23"/>--> all which many of the common ſort doe repute and take for Iſles: wherefore as one deſirous to note all, I thinke it not beſt that theſe ſhould be omitted, but to procéede. Whe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> we be come farder; I meane vnto y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> <hi rend="text">Sauerne</hi> mouth, we méete the two <hi rend="text">Holmes,</hi> of which one is called <hi rend="text">Stepholine,</hi> and the other <hi rend="text">Flat<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>holme,</hi> of theyr formes.</p> <p>It ſhoulde ſéeme by ſome that they are not worthy to be placed among Iſlands: yet other ſome are of the opinion, that they are not altogyther ſo baſe, as to bée reputed a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mongſt flattes or rockes: but whatſoeuer they be, this is ſure that they oft annoye ſuch Paſſengers and Marchauntes as paſſe, and repaſſe vpon that riuer. Neyther doe I reade of any other Iſles which lye by caſt of theſe ſame onely the <hi rend="text">Barri</hi> and <hi rend="text">Dunwen:</hi> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>rri.</note> the firſt of which is ſo called of one <hi rend="text">Barroc,</hi> a religious man as <hi rend="text">Gyraldus</hi> ſaith. And here in is a rock, ſtanding at the very entraunce of the clyffe, which hath a little rift or chine vpon the ſide, whervnto if a ma<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> do lay his eare, he ſhal here a noyſe, as if ſmithes did worke at the forge, ſometimes blowing wyth theyr Bellowes,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>rri, is a <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ght thot <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>m the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>re.</note> & ſometimes ſtriking and clinking with Ham<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mers, whereof many men haue great woon<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>der and marueyle. It is about a mile in com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>paſſe, ſcituate ouer againſt Aberbarry, and hath a chappel in it.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>unwen.</note> <hi rend="text">Dunwen,</hi> is ſo called of a Churche dedi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cated to a Welch woman ſaint, called <hi rend="text">Dun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wen,</hi> that ſtandeth there. It lyeth more then two miles from <hi rend="text">Henroſſer,</hi> ryght againſt <hi rend="text">Ne<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uen,</hi> and hath within it two fayre mylles, and great ſtore of conies, and if the ſande in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>creaſe ſo faſt herafter as it hath done of late about it, it will be vnyted to the mayne, within a ſhort ſeaſon. Beyond theſe & toward the coaſt of Southwales, lye two other Iſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>landes, larger in quantitie, then the Holmes, of which the one is called <hi rend="text">Caldee</hi> or <hi rend="text">Inis Pyr.</hi> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>aldee.</note> It hath a Pariſhe Church wyth a ſpire ſtée<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ple, and a prety towne belonging to the coun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ty of Pembroke, and iuriſdiction of <hi rend="text">S. Dauid</hi> in Wales. Lelande ſuppoſeth the ruines that are founde there in, to haue beene of an olde priorye ſometimes called Lille, which was a celle belonging to the Monaſterye of <hi rend="text">S. Dog<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>maell,</hi> but of this I can ſaye nothing. The other hyght Londy,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ondy.</note> wherein is alſo a village or towne, and of thys Iſlande the Parſon of the ſayde towne, is not onelye the captaine, but hath thereto weife, diſtreſſe, and all other commodities belonging to the ſame. It is little aboue ſixtéene myles, from the coaſt of wales, and yet it ſerueth as I am informed Lord and king in Deuonſhyre. Moreouer in thys Iſlande is great plentie of ſhéepe, but more of conies, and therewithall of very fine and ſhort graſſe, for their better foode and paſtureage. And albeit that there be not ſcal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lie fourtie houſholdes in the whole, yet the in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>habitants there with huge ſtones (alreadye prouided) may kéepe of thouſandes of theyr enemies, becauſe it is not poſſible for any ad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uerſaries to aſſayle them, but onelye at one place, and wyth a moſt daungerous entrance,<note place="margin">Schalmey. Schoncold.</note> <hi rend="text">Scalmey</hi> the greater and the leſſe lye north<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>weſt of Milforde hauen a good way. They be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>long both to the king; but are not inhabited, bicauſe they be ſo often ſpoiled with pirates, <hi rend="text">Schoncold</hi> Iſle ioineth vnto great <hi rend="text">Scalmey,</hi> & is bygger then it, onely a paſſage for ſhippes parteth them wherby they are ſuppoſed to be one, Leland noteth the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> to lie in Milford haue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>.</p> <p> <hi rend="text">Limen</hi> as <hi rend="text">Ptolomy</hi> calleth it,<note place="margin">Limen <hi rend="text">or</hi> Ramſey.</note> is ſcituate ouer againſt <hi rend="text">S. Dauides</hi> in wales, wherevnto we muſt nedes come, after we be paſt another litle one, which ſome men do call <hi rend="text">Greſsholme,</hi> <note place="margin">Gresſholm</note> In a late Mappe I finde this <hi rend="text">Limen</hi> to be cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led in Engliſhe Ramſey: Lelande alſo confir<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth the ſame, and I cannot learne more thereof, then that it is much greater than any of the other laſt mencioned, (ſithence I deſcri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bed the holmes) and for temporall iuriſdicti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on, a member of Penbrookſhire, as it is vnto <hi rend="text">S. Dauides,</hi> for matters concerning y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> church. Lelande in his Commentaries of Englande <hi rend="text">Lib.</hi> 8. ſayeth that it contayned thrée <hi rend="text">Iſlettes,</hi> where of the Biſhop of <hi rend="text">S. Dauids</hi> is owner of the greateſt, but y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Chanter of <hi rend="text">S. Dauids</hi> clay<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth the ſecond, as the Archedeacon of <hi rend="text">Cair<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>maiden</hi> doth the thirde. And in theſe is very excellent paſture for ſhéepe, and horſes, but not for other horned beaſts, which lacke their vpper téeth, by nature (whoſe ſubſtaunce is co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>uerted into the nouriſhme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t of their hornes) and therefore cannot byte ſo low. Next vnto this Iſle we came to <hi rend="text">Mawr,</hi> <note place="margin">Mawr.</note> an Iſland in the mouth of <hi rend="text">Mawr,</hi> ſcant a bow ſhoote ouer, and enuironned at the low water with freſh, but at the high Salt, & here alſo is excellent cat<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ching of Heringes.</p> <p>After this procéeding on ſtil with our courſe; we fetched a compaſſe, going out of the north towarde the weſt, and then turning againe (as the coaſt of the country leadeth) vntill we ſayled full ſouth, leauing the ſhore ſtill on our right hande, vntyll we came vnto a couple of yles, which lye vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the mouth of the <hi rend="text">Soch,</hi> one of them being diſtaunt, as we geſſed a myle from the other, and neyther of them of anye greatneſſe, almoſt woorthy to remembred. The firſt that we came vnto is called <hi rend="text">Tudfal</hi> and therin is a Church,<note place="margin">Tudfall.</note> but without any Pa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>riſhioners, except they be ſhéepe and Conies. The quantitie therof alſo is not much aboue, <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:24"/>--> ſixe acres of grounde, meaſured by the pole. The next is <hi rend="text">Penthlin,</hi> <note place="margin">Penthlin.</note> or <hi rend="text">Myrach,</hi> ſcituate in maner betwixt <hi rend="text">Tudfall,</hi> or <hi rend="text">Tuidall</hi> and the ſhore, & herin is very good paſture for horſes, whereof as I take it that name is giuen vnto it. Next vnto them, we come vnto <hi rend="text">Bardeſey,</hi> an Iſlande lying ouer againſt the Southweſt poynt or Promontorie of Northwales,<note place="margin">Bardeſey.</note> and whether the reaſt of the Monkes of <hi rend="text">Bangor</hi> dyd flye to ſaue themſelues, when their fello<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lowes were ſlayne by the Saxon Princes in the quarell of <hi rend="text">Auguſtine</hi> the monke, and the Citie of <hi rend="text">Caerleon</hi> or <hi rend="text">Cheſter,</hi> raced to the grounde. <hi rend="text">Ptolomie</hi> calleth this Iſland, <hi rend="text">Lym<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nos,</hi> the Britons <hi rend="text">Enlhi,</hi> and therein alſo is a pariſh church, as the report goeth. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> hence wée caſt about gathering ſtill towarde the Northeaſt, till we came to Caer Ierienrhod a notable rocke ſituate ouer againſt y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> mouth of the <hi rend="text">Leuenni,</hi> wherin ſtandeth a ſtrong hold or fortreſſe, or elſe ſome Towne or Village. Certes we could no well diſcerne whether of both it was, becauſe the winde blew harde at Southweſt, the morning was miſtie and our mariners doubting ſome flats to be couched not farre from thence, haſted away vnto <hi rend="text">An<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gleſey,</hi> whether we went a pace, wyth a redy winde, euen at our owne deſire.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Angleſey</hi> cut from Wales by working of the ſea.</note>This Iſlande (which <hi rend="text">Tacitus</hi> miſtaketh, no doubt for <hi rend="text">Mona Cerſaris</hi>) is ſcituate about two myles from the ſhore of Northwales. <hi rend="text">Paulus Iouius</hi> geſſeth that it was in time paſt ioyned to the continent, or maine of our Iſle, and only cut of by working of the Oceane, as <hi rend="text">Si<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cilia</hi> peraduenture was fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Italy by the vio<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lence of the Leuant: thereby alſo as he ſayth the inhabitants were conſtrayned at the firſt to make a bridge ouer into the ſame, till the breach waxed ſo great, that no ſuch paſſage could any longer be mainteyned, but as theſe things d<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e eyther not touche my purpoſe at all, or make ſmally with the preſent deſcrip<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tion of this Iſle: ſo (in comming to my mat<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter) <hi rend="text">Angleſey</hi> is founde to be full ſo great as the Wight,<note place="margin">Angleſey.</note> & nothing inferiour, but rather ſurmounting it, as that alſo which <hi rend="text">Caeſar</hi> calleth <hi rend="text">Mona</hi> in fruitefulneſſe of ſoile by ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nye an hundred folde. In olde time it was re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>puted and taken for the common granerie to Wales, as <hi rend="text">Sicilia</hi> was to Italy for their pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uiſion of Corne. In lyke maner the Welch<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>men themſelues called it the mother of theyr country, for giuing their mindes wholly to paſturage, as the moſt eaſie and leſſe charge<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>able trade, they vtterly neglected tyllage, as men that leaned wholly to the fertilitie of this Iſlande for their Corne, from whence they neuer fayled to receyue co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tinuall abun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>daunce. It contayned moreouer ſo manye townes welnéere, as there be daies in a ye<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>, which ſome conuerting into Cantredes haue accompted but for thrée, as <hi rend="text">Gyraldus</hi> ſayeth. Howbeit as there haue béene I ſay 363. tow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nes in <hi rend="text">Angleſey,</hi> ſo now a great part of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>conning is vtterly ſhronke, & ſo farre gone to decay, y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the very ruines of thee<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> are vnneth to be ſéene: and yet it ſeemeth to be méetely wel inhabited. Lelande noting the ſmalneſſe of our hundredes in compariſon to that they were in tyme paſt, addeth ſo farre as I re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>member that there are ſixe of them in <hi rend="text">An<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gleſey,</hi> as <hi rend="text">Menay, Maltraith, Liuon, Talbellio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Torkalm,</hi> and <hi rend="text">Tindaither:</hi> herevnto Lhoid ſaith alſo how it belonged in olde time, vnto the kingdome of <hi rend="text">Guinhed</hi> or Northwales, & that therin at a towne called <hi rend="text">Aberfraw,</hi> being on the Southweſt ſide of the Iſle, the kinges of <hi rend="text">Gwinhed</hi> helde euermore their pallaces, whereby it came to paſſe, that the kinges of northwales, were for a lo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g time, called kings of <hi rend="text">Aberfraw,</hi> as y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Welchme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> named y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> kings of England kinges of London, till better in<g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>ſtruction dyd bring them farder knowledge.</p> <p>There are in <hi rend="text">Angleſey</hi> many townes and villages, whoſe names as yet I can not or<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>derly attayne vnto: wherefore I will content my ſelfe with the rehearſall of ſo many as we viewed in ſayling about the coaſtes, and otherwyſe hearde report of by ſuch as I haue talked with all. Beginning therefore at the mouth of the Ge<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ni (which ryſeth at North<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eaſt aboue <hi rend="text">Gefni</hi> or <hi rend="text">Geuen<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>,</hi> 20. myles at y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> leaſt into the land) we paſſed firſt by <hi rend="text">Hund<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wyn,</hi> then by <hi rend="text">Newborow, Port Hayton, Beau<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>marrais, Penmo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Elia<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Almwoch, Burric</hi> (wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>by runneth a rill into a creke) <hi rend="text">Cornew, Holy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hed,</hi> (ſtanding in the promontorie) <hi rend="text">Gwifen, Aberfraw,</hi> and <hi rend="text">Cair Gadwaladar,</hi> of all which, the two latter ſtande, as it were in a nuke, be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twéene the <hi rend="text">Geuenni</hi> water, & the <hi rend="text">Fraw,</hi> wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <hi rend="text">Aberfraw</hi> is ſcituate. Within the Iland, we hard only of <hi rend="text">Gefni</hi> afore me<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tioned, of <hi rend="text">Gri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtial</hi> ſta<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ding vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame water of <hi rend="text">Tefri,</hi> of <hi rend="text">La<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nerchimedh, Lachtenfarwy</hi> & <hi rend="text">Bodedrin,</hi> but of all theſe the chiefe is nowe <hi rend="text">Beaumarais,</hi> which was buylded ſometyme by king Edward the firſt, and therewithall a ſtrong Caſtell about the yeare 1295. to kepe that lande in quiet. There are alſo as Leland ſayth 31. Pariſhe churches beſide 69. chappelles, that is 100. in all: but hereof I can ſay litle, for lacke of iuſt inſtruction. In tymes paſt, the people of this Iſle vſed not to ſeuerall their groundes, but now they diggeſtony hillockes and with the ſtones thereof they make rude walles, much lyke to thoſe of Deuonſhyre, ſith they want hedges, fire bote, and houſebote, or to ſaye at one worde, timber & trées. As for wine, it <!--<pb n="16" facs="tcp:29044:24"/>--> is ſo plentifull & good cheape there moſt com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>monly as in London, thorowe the great re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>courſe of marchaunts fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> France, Spaine, and Italy vnto the aforeſayde Iſlande. The fleſhe likewyſe of ſuch Cattell as is bredde there, is moſt delicate, by reaſon of their ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cellent paſture, & ſo much was it eſtéemed by the Romaines in tyme paſt, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> <hi rend="text">Collumella</hi> did not onely commende & preferre them before thoſe of <hi rend="text">Liguria,</hi> but the emperours the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſelues alſo cauſed there prouiſion to be made for nete out of <hi rend="text">Angleſey</hi> to féede vppon at their owne tables as the moſt excellent béefe. It taketh the name of <hi rend="text">Angles</hi> & <hi rend="text">Eye,</hi> which is to meane the Iſle of Engliſhmen, bycauſe they wan it in the conquerours tyme, vnder the leading of Hugh Earle of Cheſter, & Hugh of Shreweſbury. The Welchme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> cal it Tire<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mone, and herein likewyſe is a Promontorie or Bylande, called <hi rend="text">Holly hed,</hi> (which hath in tyme paſt bene named <hi rend="text">Cair kyby,</hi> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>y head, <hi rend="text">Cair</hi> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>.</note> of Kyby a monke, that dwelled in that place) fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> whence the readyeſt paſſage is commonly had out of Northwales to get ouer into Irelande. The Britons named it <hi rend="text">Enylſnach,</hi> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>lſnach, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>y <hi rend="text">Iſle.</hi> </note> or holy Iſle of the number of carkaſes of holy men, which they ſuppoſe to haue béene buryed there. But herein I marueyle not a little what women had offended, that they myght not come thi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther, or at the leaſt wyſe returne from thence without ſome notable reproche. And nowe to conclude with the deſcription of the whole Iſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande, this I will adde moreouer vnto hir co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>modities, that as there are the beſt milſtones of white, redde, blewe, and gréene gréetes, (eſpecially in <hi rend="text">Tindaithin,</hi>) ſo there is great gaines to begotten by fiſhing, rounde about this Iſle, if the people there coulde vſe the trade: but they want both cunning and dili<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gence to take that matter in hande. And as for temporall regime<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t it apparteyneth to the countye of <hi rend="text">Cairnaruon,</hi> ſo in ſpirituall caſes it belongeth to the Byſhopricke of <hi rend="text">Bangor.</hi> This is finally to be noted moreouer of <hi rend="text">An<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gleſey,</hi> that ſundry earthen pottes are often founde there of dead mens bones conuerted into aſhes, ſet with the mouthes downeward contrarie to the vſe of other nations, which turned the brimmes vpwardes, whereof let this ſuffice.</p> <p>Hauing thus deſcrybed <hi rend="text">Angleſey,</hi> it rea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſteth to report furthermore, how that in our circuite about the ſame, we mette with other little Iſlettes, of which one lyeth Northweſt therof almoſt ouer againſt Butricke mouth, or the fall of the water, that paſſeth by Bu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tricke. The Britons called it <hi rend="text">Ynis Ader,</hi> that is to ſay,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>r. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>l. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>maid.</note> the Iſle of Birdes in olde time, but now it hight <hi rend="text">Ynis Moil,</hi> or <hi rend="text">Ynis Rhomaid,</hi> that is y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Iſle of Porpaſſes. It hath to name like<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wiſe <hi rend="text">Yſteriſd,</hi> and <hi rend="text">Adros.</hi> Being paſt this,<note place="margin">Yſteriſd. Adros. Lygod.</note> we came to the ſecond lying by North eaſt, ouer againſt the Hillary point, called <hi rend="text">Ynis Ligod.</hi> that is to ſay, the Iſle of Miſe, and of theſe two this latter is the ſmalleſt, neyther of the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> both beyng of anye greatneſſe to ſpeake of. <hi rend="text">Ynis Seriall</hi> or <hi rend="text">Preſtholme,</hi> <note place="margin">Seriall. Preſtholne</note> lieth ouer againſt <hi rend="text">Penmon,</hi> or the point called the hed of <hi rend="text">Mon,</hi> where I founde a towne (as I tolde you) of the ſame denominatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>. <hi rend="text">Ptolomy</hi> nameth not this Iſlande, whereof I marueyle. It is per<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cell of Flintſhyre, and of the iuriſdiction of <hi rend="text">S. Apſah,</hi> and in fertilitie of ſoyle, and bréede of Cattell, nothing inferiour vnto <hi rend="text">Angleſey</hi> hir moother: although that for quantitie of grou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d it come infinitely ſhort thereof, & be nothing co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>parable vnto it. The laſt Iſland vpon y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> coſt of Wales, hauing now left <hi rend="text">Angleſey,</hi> is called <hi rend="text">Credine,</hi> & although it lye not properly with<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>in the compaſſe of my deſcription,<note place="margin">Credine.</note> yet I will not let to touch it by the waye, ſith the cauſey thither from Denbighlande, is commonly ouerflowen. It is partly made an Iſland by the Conwey & partly by the ſea. But to pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>céede, when we had viewed this place, we paſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed forth without finding any mo Iſles to my remembraunce, vntill we came to the Cape of Iſle Brée, or <hi rend="text">Hilbery</hi> & poynt of Wyrale,<note place="margin">Hilbery.</note> which is an Iſlande at the full ſea, a quarter of a myle from the lande, and foure fadame déepe, as ſhippes boyes haue oft ſounded, but at a lowe water, a man may go ouer on the ſande. The Ile of it ſelf is very ſandy a mile in compaſſe, & well ſtored with Conies, thi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther alſo went a ſort of ſuperſticious fooles in tymes paſt, in pylgrimage, to our Ladye of <hi rend="text">Hilbery</hi> by whoſe offrings a Cell of Monkes there, which belonged to Cheſter, were che<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>riſhed and maintayned.</p> <p>The next Iſland vppon the coaſt of Eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land is man,<note place="margin">Man is ſuppoſed to be the firſt, as His tha is the laſt, of the Hebrides, and <hi rend="text">Hector Boethus</hi> noteth a difference betwéene them of 300. miles. <hi rend="text">Eubonia. Meuania.</hi> </note> which the Welchmen doe com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>monly call <hi rend="text">Manaw.</hi> It lieth vnder 53. degrées of <hi rend="text">Latitude,</hi> and 30. minuts, and hath in <hi rend="text">lon<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gitude</hi> 16. degrées and 40. minutes, abutting on the North ſide vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <hi rend="text">S. Nimans</hi> in Scotland, Furneſſels on the Eaſt, Preſtholme & <hi rend="text">An<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gleſey</hi> on the South, and Vlſther in Ireland on the Weſt. It is greater then <hi rend="text">Angleſey</hi> by a thirde part, and there are two riuers in the ſame, whoſe heddes doe ioyne ſo néere, that they doe ſeeme in maner to part the Iſle in twaine. Some of our auncient writers call it <hi rend="text">Eubonia</hi> and other <hi rend="text">Meuania,</hi> howbeit after <hi rend="text">Beda</hi> and the Scottiſh hiſtories, the <hi rend="text">Meuaniae</hi> are thoſe Iſles which we now call the <hi rend="text">Hebri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>des</hi> or <hi rend="text">Hebudes</hi> (whereof William Maſſme<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bery <hi rend="text">Lib.</hi> 1. <hi rend="text">de regibus,</hi> will haue <hi rend="text">Angleſey</hi> to be one) wherfore it ſéemeth that a number of <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:25" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> our late writers aſcrybing the ſayde name vnto <hi rend="text">Mona,</hi> haue not béene a little deceaued. In this Iſlande were ſometime 1300. fami<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lies, of which 960. were in the Weſt halfe, & the reaſt in the other. But nowe thorow ioy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ning houſe to houſe, and lande to land, (a co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mon plague & canker, which wil eate vp al, if prouiſion be not made in tyme to withſtande this miſchiefe) that number is halfe dimini<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhed, and yet many of the riche inhabiters want roume & wote not howe & where to be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtow themſelues, to their quiet contentatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s. Certes this impedime<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t groweth not be rea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſon that men were greater in body, then they haue beene in tyme paſt, but onlye for y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> their inſatiable deſire of inlarging their priuate poſſeſſions increaſeth ſtill vpon them, & will doe more, except they be reſtrayned: but to returne to our purpoſe. The kings of Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande had this Iſlande vnder their dominio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, almoſt from their firſt arriual in this Iſland, and as <hi rend="text">Beda</hi> ſayeth till Edwine king of the Northumbers wanne it from them and vni<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted it to his kingdome. Hereof alſo I coulde bring better teſtimonie, for we finde that the kings of Scotlande, did not only giue lawes to ſuch as dwelled there, but alſo from tyme to tyme, appoint ſuch Byſhoppes as ſhoulde exerciſe Eccleſiaſtical Iuriſdictio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame. Fnally how,<note place="margin">Cronica Tine<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>muthi.</note> after ſundry ſales bargains and co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tracts of Matrimony for I reade y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> Willia<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Scroupe the kings Vicechamberleyne, did buy this Iſle and crowne therof of the Lord Wil. Montacute Earle of Sarum) it came vnto y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> aunceſtours of the Earles of Darby, who haue béene co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>monly ſayd to be kings of Man, the hyſtorie folowing as I ſuppoſe ſhal more at large declare. <hi rend="text">Gyraldus</hi> noteth how there was contention ſometyme betwéene the kings of Englande, and Irelande, for the ryght of this Iſlande, but in the ende when by a co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>primiſe the tryall of the matter was referred to the liues or deathes of ſuch vene<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mous Wormes as ſhoulde be brought in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to the ſame, and it was founde, that they dyed not at all, as the lyke doe in Irelande, ſentence paſſed with the kyng of Englande, and ſo he retayned the Iſlande. But howſoe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer this matter ſtandeth, & whether any ſuch thing was done at all or not, ſure it is that the people of the ſayde Iſle, were much giuen to Witchcraft, and Sorcerie (which they lear<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned of the Scottes a people greatly bent to that horrible practiſe) inſomuch that theyr women, woulde oftentimes ſell winde to the mariners incloſed vnder certayne knots of thréede, with this iniunction, that they which bought the ſame, ſhoulde for a great gale vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>doe manye, and for the leſſe a ſmaller num<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber.<note place="margin">Tal <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> in ma<gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> </note> The ſtature of the men & alſo fertilitie of this Iſlande are much commended & for the latter ſuppoſed verye néere to be equall with that of Angleſey, in all commodities.</p> <p>There are alſo theſe townes therin, as they come now to my reme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>brance, <hi rend="text">Ruſhen Dun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>glaſſe, Holme</hi> towne <hi rend="text">S. Brids, Bala Cury</hi> (y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> by<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhops houſe) <hi rend="text">S. Mich. S. Andrew, kirk chriſt, kirk Louel. S. Machees, kirke Santa<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Pala ſalla, kirk S. Mary, kirk Co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>cane, kirk Malu, & Home.</hi> But of all theſe <hi rend="text">Ruſhen</hi> with y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> caſtel is the ſtro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>geſt. It is alſo in recompe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce of the common want of woode, indued wyth ſundry prety waters,<note place="margin">Riuers</note> as firſt of all the burne that ryſſeth in north<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſide of warehill botomes, & branching out by ſouthweſt of <hi rend="text">kirke Santan,</hi> it ſéemeth to cut of a great part of the eaſtſide thereof, from the reſidue of that Iſland. From thoſe hylles alſo (but of the ſouth halfe) commeth the Home and Homey, by a towne of the ſame name, in the verry mouth whereof, lieth the <hi rend="text">Pile,</hi> afore mencioned. They haue alſo the <hi rend="text">Bala</hi> paſſing by <hi rend="text">Bala cury,</hi> on the weſtſide, and the Rame on the north, whoſe fall is named Rameſey hauen as I doe reade in Chronicles.</p> <p>There are moreouer ſundry great hylles therein as that wherupo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <hi rend="text">S. Mathees</hi> ſtandeth,<note place="margin">Hilles.</note> in the northeaſt parte of the Iſle, a parcell whereof commeth flat ſouth, betwéene <hi rend="text">kirke Louell,</hi> and <hi rend="text">kirke Mary,</hi> yéelding out of their botomes the water <hi rend="text">Bala,</hi> whereof I ſpake be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore. Beſide theſe and well toward the ſouth part of the Iſle, I finde the warehilles, which are extended almoſt, from the weſt coaſt o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uertwhart vnto the burne ſtreame. It hath alſo ſundrye hauens, as <hi rend="text">Ramſey</hi> hauen,<note place="margin">Hauens</note> by north, <hi rend="text">Laxam</hi> hauen, by eaſt, Port <hi rend="text">Iris,</hi> by ſouthweſt, Port <hi rend="text">Home,</hi> and Port <hi rend="text">Michell,</hi> by weſt. In lyke ſort there are diuers Iſlettes annexed to the ſame, as the Calf of man on the ſouth, the Pile on the weſt, and finallye <hi rend="text">S. Michelles</hi> Iſle, in the Gulf called <hi rend="text">Ranoths</hi> way, in the eaſt. Moreouer the ſhéepe of thys countrye are excéeding huge, wel woolled,<note place="margin">Calf of <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> The pyl<gap reason="illegible" extent="1 letter"> <desc>•</desc> </gap> <hi rend="text">S. Michel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>les</hi> Iſle. Sheépe. Hogges Barnacl<gap reason="illegible" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> </note> and their tayles of ſuch greatneſſe as is almoſt incredible. In lyke ſorte theyr hogges are in maner monſtruous. They haue furthermore great ſtore of Barnacles, bréeding vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> their coaſts, (but yet not ſo great ſtore as in Ire<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land) and thoſe (as there alſo) of olde ſhippes. Ores, Maſtes, and ſuch putryfied pytched ſtufe, as by wrecke hath happened to corrupt vpon that ſhore. Howbeit neyther the inha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bytantes of thys Iſle,<note place="margin">Barnacl<gap reason="illegible" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> neyther fiſhe, nor fleſhe.</note> nor yet of Ireland can redily ſaye whether they be fiſh or fleſhe, for although the religious there vſed to eate the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> as fiſhe, yet elſewhere, ſome haue béene trou<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bled, for eating them in times prohibited, as Heretikes, and Lollardes.</p> <p> <!--<pb n="17" facs="tcp:29044:25"/>--> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>iſhop of <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>an.</note>There hath ſometime béene, and yet is a Byſhop of this Iſle, who at the firſt was cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led <hi rend="text">Epiſcopus Sodorenſis,</hi> when y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> iuriſdiction of all y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Hebrides belo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ged vnto him. Wheras now he y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> is Byſhop there, is but a Biſhops ſhadow, for albeit y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> he beare y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> name of By<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhop of Man, yet haue y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Earles of Darby, as it is ſuppoſed, al y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> profite of his Sie, (ſauing that they allowe him a little ſomewhat for a flouriſh) notwithſta<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ding that they be hys pa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>trons and haue hys nomination to that Sie.<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>atrone Man.</note> It is ſubiect to the Byſhoppe of Yorke alſo, for ſpirituall Iuriſdiction, & in time of Henry the ſeconde had a king, as <hi rend="text">Houeden</hi> ſaith, whoſe name was <hi rend="text">Cuthrede</hi> vnto whome <hi rend="text">Vinianus</hi> y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Cardinall came as Legate. 1177. but ſith I can neyther come by the names, nor ſucceſſions of thoſe Princes that reigned there, I ſurceſſe to ſpeake any more of them, and alſo of the Iſle it ſelfe, whereof this may ſuffice.</p> <p>After we haue in thus wiſe deſcribed the Iſle of Man, with hyr commodities, we re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>turned eaſtwardes back againe vnto y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> point of <hi rend="text">Ramſhed,</hi> where we founde to the number of ſixe Iſlettes of one ſorte and other, whereof the firſt greateſt and moſt eaſterly, is named the <hi rend="text">Wauay.</hi> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>auay.</note> It runneth out in length, as wée geſſed about fiue myles from the ſouth into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> north, and betwéene the ſame and the maine lande lie two little ones, whoſe names I find not in anye writer ſo farre, as I remember. The fourth is called y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> <hi rend="text">Fouldra,</hi> and bring ſci<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tuate ſoutheaſt of the firſt, it hath a prety pile or blockhouſe therin, which the inhabitaunts name the Pile of <hi rend="text">Fouldray.</hi> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>uldra. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>la. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>a.</note> By eaſt thereof in lyke ſort lye the <hi rend="text">Fola</hi> and the <hi rend="text">Roa,</hi> plottes of no great compaſſe, and yet of al theſe ſixe, the firſt and <hi rend="text">Fowldra</hi> are the fayreſt and moſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> fruitefull. From hence we went by <hi rend="text">Rauen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>glaſſe</hi> point, where lieth an Iſland of the ſame denomination,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>auen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>aſſe.</note> as Reginalde Wolfe hath noted in his great Carde, not yet finiſhed, nor lykely to be publiſhed. He noteth alſo two o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther Iſlettes, betwéene the ſame & the mayne lande, but Lelande ſpeaketh nothing of them, (to my remembrance,) neyther anye other Carde, as yet ſet foorth of England: and thus much of the Iſlands that lie vpon our ſhoore.</p> <p>Hauing ſo exactlye as to me is poſſible, ſet downe the names & poſitions of ſuch Iſles as are to be found vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the coaſtes of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Quéenes maieſties dominions. Nowe it reſteth y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> we procéede orderly wyth thoſe y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> are ſéene to lye vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the coſt of Scotland, that is to ſay, in the Iriſh, the <hi rend="text">Deucalidon</hi> & the Germaines ſeas: But before we come at theſe, there are di<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uers other to be touched, which are ſcituate betwéene the nuke of <hi rend="text">Galloway,</hi> & the Frith of <hi rend="text">Solue,</hi> whoſe names I find not as yet fel downe by any writer, neyther is their num<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber greate. Wherefore ſith I may not doe in this their deſcriptio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> what I would, I muſt be contented to doe therein what I may, and to ridde my hands of the one, that I may the ſooner come vnto, and be dealing with the o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther. The firſt of theſe therefore, lyeth ouer a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gaynſt <hi rend="text">Dundrenaw,</hi> ſomewhat towarde the mouth of the ſtreame, that goeth vnto Glan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>kaire. The ſecond is ſcituate in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Dée, wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>in <hi rend="text">Trief</hi> Caſtell ſtandeth:<note place="margin">Trief. S. Mary Iſle.</note> by weſt whereof ly<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth <hi rend="text">S. Mary</hi> Iſle, which is ouer againſt Whi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>therne, or as we nowe call it Witherne, of which in our Engliſhe hyſtories we haue oft mention vnder the name of <hi rend="text">Candida Caſa,</hi> whereof the learned are not ignoraunt. Beyonde theſe are two other lying togither, as it were in the mouth of the loweſt docke, & from thence we paſſed directly rounde about, the aforeſayde nuke, vnto <hi rend="text">Dumbritton</hi> fyrth, where we finde alſo nine or tenne Iſlandes, of dyuers quantities, wherof <hi rend="text">Ailze,</hi> or <hi rend="text">Aliza,</hi> is the firſt, & wherein is great plentye of the Soland foule, <hi rend="text">Cinuary</hi> the ſecond, <hi rend="text">Bure</hi> the thirde, <hi rend="text">Marnoch</hi> the fourth, <hi rend="text">Pladua</hi> the fift, <hi rend="text">Lanlach</hi> the ſixt, <hi rend="text">Arren</hi> or <hi rend="text">Botha,</hi> the ſeauenth, <hi rend="text">Sauday</hi> the eyght, and <hi rend="text">Olr</hi> the ninth: but of all theſe, one or two are only accounted famous, that is <hi rend="text">Arren</hi> the greateſt of all, wherin ſtan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deth a towne of the ſame name, and <hi rend="text">Bure</hi> the next, in which <hi rend="text">Roſa</hi> is ſcituate: the reaſt are eyther vtterly barren, or not very commo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dious, except for fowle to ſuch as owe the ſame. By this time alſo are we come to the poynt of <hi rend="text">Cantyre,</hi> <note place="margin">15. Miles betwéene Cantyre & the coaſt of De<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>mond.</note> which is not paſſing fiftene or ſixtene myles, diſtaunt from the coaſt of Irelande, ſo that next vnto theſe afore reme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bred (and when we haue fetched in the afore<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſaid poynt) we come vnto the <hi rend="text">Hebrides,</hi> which are reconned to be thrée and fourtie, in num<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber, beſides the flattes and ſhallowes as I haue earſt affirmed in the beginning of thys chapter.</p> <p>Of theſe aforeſayd Iſlands, I finde dyuers to be 30. myles, ſome twelue other more or leſſe quantity, but <hi rend="text">Sky Mula Iona,</hi> & <hi rend="text">Ila,</hi> are the greateſt, as ſhall appeare hereafter. Certes it is impoſſible for me, being a méere Eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lyſhman voyde of helpe & of ſmall reading, to diſcuſſe the controuerſies that are mooued among the learned, touching the <hi rend="text">Meuainae</hi> & the <hi rend="text">Hebrides,</hi> wherefore ſith I am not able to deale ſo déepely with that matter, I will firſt ſhewe what Iſlandes doe lye vpon the weſt coaſtes of Scotlande betwéene <hi rend="text">Cantyre</hi> and <hi rend="text">Andermouth</hi> heade, giuing out onelye the names of the leaſt (ſith I know nothing els of their commodities and greatneſſe) and then <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:26" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> procéeding with the reaſt as they doe lie in order. Firſt of all therefore and ouer againſt Kiltan, (for I will go by the ſhore) we haue Karay, then Gegay, S. Machare, and hys neighbour, Langa, Suinnay, Dunqu, Corſey Leawing, Cewil, Nawell, Caerbery, Liſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>more, & Muke, which lyeth at the very point, of Andermouth, ouer againſt Mere <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ourtene in all. From hence going weſtwarde, wée come to the Terry and the Coll, and then en<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tring in among the reaſt, by Earndeburge, Vlwaye, or Oronſay, Cola<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſay, & <hi rend="text">Iona minor</hi> we come at the laſt to Scarbo, Corebricken, Houell, al which thus mencioned, of the leaſt are counted y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> greateſt, & yet there are ſundry other, of whoſe names I haue no knowledge. In thys tracte alſo, there are yet thrée to in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>treate of,<note place="margin">Ila.</note> as <hi rend="text">Ila, Iona</hi> & <hi rend="text">Mula,</hi> of which the firſt is one of the moſt, that hath not bene leaſt ac<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>counted of. It is not much aboue 30 myles in length, & twenty in breadth, & yet it is an ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>céeding riche plot of grounde very plenteous of corne, but more ful of mettals, which were eaſie to be obteyned, if either the people were induſtrious, or the ſoyle yéeldable of woode to fine and trye out the ſame.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Iona.</note> <hi rend="text">Iona</hi> was ſometime called <hi rend="text">Columkill,</hi> In fame and eſtimation, nothing inferiour to any of the other, although in length it excéede little aboue twentie myles, and in breadth, 10. for by reaſon of a famous Abbie ſomtime buylded there by <hi rend="text">Fergus</hi> the ſeconde, it hath bene countenaunced out by the ſepulchres of ſo many kings, as deceaſed in Scotla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d, after the ſayde <hi rend="text">Fergus,</hi> vntil the tyme of <hi rend="text">Malcoline Cammor,</hi> who by buylding another Abbey, at Dunfermeling, gaue occaſion to hys ſuc<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceſſours to be interred there.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Mula.</note> <hi rend="text">Mula</hi> is a ryght noble Iſle, repleniſhed wyth dyuers and ſundry townes, and caſtels, as are alſo the other two, albeit their names at thys tyme be not at hand & ready. This yet is worth the noting in this Iſlande aboue all the reſt, that it hath a pleaſant ſpring, ariſing two myles in diſtaunce from the ſhore, wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>in are certayne lyttle egges founde, much like vnto indifferent Pearles, both for colour and bryghtneſſe, and thereto full of thicke hu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mour, which egges being carried by violence of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> freſh water, vnto the ſalt, are there with<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>in the ſpace of 12, houres conuerted into great ſhelles, which I take to be the mother pearle except I be deceyued. And thus much brief<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lye of the ſeauen and twentye greateſt Iſles, lying within the aforeſayde compaſſe, be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing driuen of force to omitte the leſſer onely, for that I neyther fynd theyr names, among the Scottiſhe writers, neyther to ſaye the truth directlye vnderſtande howe manye be flattes, and howe manye be couered with graſſe: To procéede therefore by north of An<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dermouth we haue Egge, Ron, Ca<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>nay, Flad, Trantneſſe, (where is a caſtell,) Trant, Al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tauecke, another Flad, Rona, and Scalpa, beſide ſundrye ſmaller, whoſe names I doe not knowe, & all theſe doe enuyron the grea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>teſt of all, called Sky,<note place="margin">Skye.</note> in which are dyuers townes, as Aye, S. Iohns, Dunwegen, and S. Nicholas, beſide other, and thereunto ſun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dry lakes, and freſhe ſtreames, and thoſe not withoute great abundaunce of Samon and ſundry other fiſhe, whereby the inhabitaunts of thoſe partes doe reape no ſmall aduaun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tage. Furthermore & by weſt of theſe lye di<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uers other percels alſo of this number, of which, if you looke to here an orderly reporte you ſhall vnderſtande that I will beginne at the moſt ſoutherly of them, and ſo procéede, with eche one in order, ſo well as my know<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ledg doth ſerue me. Firſt of al therfore, there are foure little Iſlandes, of which one called Erth, another Scail are y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> greateſt.<note place="margin">Erth. Scaill. Bawa<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> S. Pete<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Iſle. Hirth<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Euſt.</note> Next vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to theſe and directly towarde the north lyeth Baway, then S. Peters Iſle, in the eaſt ſide, whereof are thrée ſmall ones, whoſe names I haue not yet learned. Next of al is the Euſt or Hirtha, which ſéemeth by certaine riuers, to be deuided into four partes, of which the the firſt hath a towne called S. Columbanes in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> north ſide thereof, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſecond another dedi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cated to S. Mary, & the fourth (for I find no<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thing of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> third) one named after <hi rend="text">S. Patricke,</hi> by weſt wherof, lyeth yet a leſſe, not greatly freque<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ted of any. By north of this alſo are 3. other, of lyke quantity, and then followeth <hi rend="text">Lewis,</hi> ſcituate in the Deucalidon ſea,<note place="margin">Lewis<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> called <hi rend="text">Thule</hi> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> <hi rend="text">Tacitus</hi> with <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> better <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> thoriti<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> then he named <hi rend="text"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>tgleſey <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>na.</hi> </note> ouer a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gainſt the Roſſe, and called <hi rend="text">Thule,</hi> by <hi rend="text">Taci<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tus,</hi> wherein are many lakes, and very pret<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tye Villages, as lake Erwijn, lake Vnſal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſago: but of townes, S. Clements, Stoye, Noys, S. Colombane, Radmach &c. About thys are alſo diuers other Iſles, of leſſe qua<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>titye found, as Scalpay, Ilen, Schent, Bar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ray the more, Barraye the leſſe, S. Kylder, & other of ſmaller reputation, wherof the moſt parte are voyde of culture and inhabitantes, and therefore not worthye to be remembred here. This finallye is left to be ſayd of theſe Iſles, that albeit Leuiſſa, be the greateſt of them, and conteyning thréeſcore myles, in length, and thirtie in breadth, yet Hirtha, or Hirth, is the moſt famous, for the ſhéepe which are there bredde, and is therefore cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led Shepy of the wylde Iryſhe. Certes, the ſtature of theſe ſhéepe is greater and higher, the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of any fallowe déere, their tailes hanging downe to the grounde, and their hornes lon<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ger & thicker then thoſe of any Bugle. Vnto <!--<pb n="18" facs="tcp:29044:26"/>--> thys Iſlande alſo in the Moneth of Iune; (when the ſeas be moſt calme) there com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth a Prieſt out of Lewiſſa, & minyſtreth the ſacrame<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t of Baptiſme to all ſuch childre<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> as haue béene borne there, and the Iſlandes about ſith that moneth in the yeare paſſed. This being done, and his appointed num<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber of Maſſes ſaide, he receyueth the tythes of all theyr commodities, and then returneth home againe the ſame way he came.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>na.</note> <hi rend="text">Rona</hi> the laſt of the Hebrides, is dyſtant, as I ſaide, about fouretie mile from the Or<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>chades, and one hundredth and thirtye, from the Promontorye of Dungiſbe. The coaſt of thys Iſle is dayly repleniſhed with Seale, and Porpaſſe, which are eyther ſo tame, or ſo fierce, that they abaſh not at the ſight of ſuch as looke vpon them, neyther make they any haſte to flye out of theyr preſence. Aboue the Hirth alſo is another Iſlande, though not inhabited, wherin is a certeine kind of wilde beaſte, not much different fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the figure of a ſhéepe, but ſo wilde that it will not eaſilye be tamed. For theyr gry<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ning alſo they are re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>puted to be a kynde of baſtarde Tyger. As for theyr heaire it is betweene the wooll of a ſhéepe, and heaire of a goate, ſomewhat re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſembling eche, ſhacked, and yet abſolutely like vnto neyther of both.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> Shot <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> Iſles</note>There are alſo other Iſles, an hundreth myles beyond the Orchades, towarde eaſt northeaſt, and ſubiect to ſcotlande, wherin is neyther corne, nor anye vſe of fleſh, although they haue ſtore of ſundrye ſortes of cattell a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mongſt them. But in ſtead of bread, they drie a kinde of fiſhe, which they beate in morters to powder, and bake it in theyr Ouens, vntill it be hearde and drye. Theyr fewell alſo is of ſuch bones as the fiſhe yéeldeth that is taken on theyr coaſtes, and yet they lyue as themſelues ſuppoſe in much felicitie, think<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing it a great péece of theyr happyneſſe to bée ſo farre diſtaunt from the wicked aua rice, & cruell dealings of the world. As for theyr ry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ches and commodities, they al conſiſt in the ſkinnes of beſtes, as of Oxe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Shéepe, Gotes, Marternes, and ſuch like, wherof they make great reconing. Herin alſo they are lyke vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Hirthiens; in y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> at one time of the yeare, there commeth a prieſt vnto them, out of the Orchades (vnto which Iuriſdiction they doe belong) who Baptiſeth all ſuch children, as haue bene borne among them, ſith he laſt ar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>riued: and hauing afterward remained there for a few dayes, he taketh his tythes of them (which they prouide & pay with great ſerupu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>loſitie in fiſhe, for of other commodities pay they none) and then returneth home againe, not without boaſt of his troubleſome voyage, except he watch his time. In theſe Iſles alſo is great ple<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ty of fine Amber to be had, which is producted by the working of the ſea, vpon th<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſe coaſtes: howbeit, after what name theſe Iſles be called particulerly and how many there be of them in all, the Scottes themſel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ues are eyther ignoraunt, or not ſo diligent, as to make any conſtant mention.</p> <p>The <hi rend="text">Orchades,</hi> lie partly in the Germaine,<note place="margin">Orchades.</note> and partly in the Calidon ſeas, ouer agaynſt the poynt of Dunghiſby, beyng in number, thirtie one of name, & belonging to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> crowne of Scotlande, as are the reaſt whereof here tofore I haue made report, ſince we croſſed ouer the mouth of the Solueie ſtreame, to come into this countrye. Certes the people of theſe Iſlands are of goodly ſtature, tall, ve<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rye comelye, healthfull, of long lyfe, great ſtrength, and moſt whyte coulour: and yet they féede moſt vpon fiſhe onely, ſith the cold is ſo extréeme in thoſe parts, that the ground bringeth forth but ſmal ſtore of Wheate, & in maner very litle or no fewell at al, to warme them in the winter. Otes they haue verye plentifull, but greater ſtore of Barly, wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of they make a nappye kinde of drinke, and ſuch in déede, as will verye readilye cauſe a ſtra<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ger to forget himſelf. Howbeit this may be vnto vs, a in lieu of a myracle, y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> although theyr drinke be neuer ſo ſtrong, & they them<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſelues ſo immeaſurable drinkers (as none are more) yet it ſhal not eaſily be ſéene, that there is any drunckarde among them, either fran<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tike, or madde ma<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, dolt, or natural foole, méete to were a cockeſcomb. In like ſort they want venemous beaſtes, chiefly ſuch as doe delyte in hotter ſoile. Theyr Ewes alſo are ſo full of increaſe, that ſome doe vſuallye bring foorth two, thrée, or foure lambes at once, whereby they account our anclings (which are ſuch as bring foorth but one at once) rather to be bar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ren then kept for any gaine. As for wyld and tame fowles, they haue ſuch plentie of them, that the people there account them rather a burthen to theyr ſoyle, then a benefite to their tables. There is alſo a Biſhop of the Orcha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>des, who hath his Sie, in <hi rend="text">Pomonia</hi> the chiefe of al the Iſlands, wherin alſo are two ſtrong caſtelles,<note place="margin">☜</note> and ſuch hath béen the ſuperſticion of the people here, that there is almoſt no one of them, that hath not one church at the leaſt dedicated to the moother of Chriſt. Finallye there is little vſe of Phiſicke in theſe quar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ters, leſſe ſtore of Eles, and leaſt of frogges. As for y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> horſes that are bred amongſt them, they are commonlye not much greater then Aſſes, and yet to labour and trauaile, a man ſhall finde very fewe elſewhere, able to come néere, much leſſe to matche with them, in <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:27"/>--> holding out their labours.</p> <p>From the Orchades vntill we come ſouth<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wardes to the Scarre, which lyeth in Buqu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hamneſſe, I finde no mention of any Iſle ſci<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tuate vpon that coaſt, neyther greatly from thence, vntill we come at the forth, that lea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deth vp to Sterling, wherein we paſſe by ſe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uen or eyght ſuch as they be, of which the firſt called the May, the ſeconde Baas and Gar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wy, the third doe ſéeme to be inhabited. From theſe alſo holding on our courſe towarde En<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gland, we paſſe by another yle, wherin Faux caſtell ſtandeth, and this ſo farre as my ſkill ſerueth is the laſt Iſland of the Scottiſh ſide, in compaſſing whereof I am not able to diſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cerne, whether their flattes and ſhallowes, number of Iſlandes without name, confuſion of ſcituation, lacke of true deſcriptio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, or mine owne ignoraunce hath troubled me moſt. No marueyle therefore that I haue béene ſo oft on ground, among them. But moſt ioyful am I y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> am come home againe: & although not by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Thames mouth into my natiue citie (whi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>che taketh his name of Troye) yet into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> En<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gliſhe dominion where good entertaynement is much more franke and copious, and better harborow, wherein to reſt my wery bones, & eaſily refreſhe my wetherbeaten carkaſe.</p> <p>The firſt Iſland therfore, which commeth to our ſight, after we paſſed Barwuc, is that which was ſometime called Lindefarne,<note place="margin">Lindeſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>farne or holy Iland</note> but now Holly Iſlande, and contayneth 8. myles a place much honoured among our Monaſti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>call writers, bycauſe diuers monkes & Here<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mites dyd ſpende theyr times therein. There was alſo the Byſhoppes Sée of Lindefarne, for a long ſeaſon, which afterwarde was tra<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſlated to Dunelme or Durham. Next vnto this is the Iſle of Farne,<note place="margin">Farne.</note> and herein is a place of defence ſo farre as I remember, & ſo great ſtore of Egges layed there by diuers kindes of Wildfoule in time of the yere, that a man ſhall hardly runne for a wager on the plaine grou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d without the breach of many be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore his race be finiſhed.<note place="margin">Puffins.</note> About Farne alſo lie certayne yles greater then Farne it ſelf, but voyde of inhabitaunts & in theſe alſo is great ſtore of Puffins, graie as Duckes, and with<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>out couloured fethers, ſauing that they haue a white ring round about their neckes. There is moreouer another Birde, which the peo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ple call ſainct <hi rend="text">Cuthbertes</hi> foules, a very tame and gentle creature,<note place="margin">S. Cuth<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bertes foules.</note> and eaſie to be taken. Af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter this we came to the Cocket Iſla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d, ſo cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led bycauſe it lyeth ouer agaynſt the fall of cocke water. And here is a vayne of meane ſeacole, which the people digge out of the ſhore at the low water. And from thence vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>till we came vnto the coſt of Norfolke I ſaw no mo Iſlands. Being therefore paſt S. Ed<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>monds point, we ſaw a litle Iſle ouer againſt the fall of the water that commeth fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Holk<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ham, and likewyſe an other ouer againſt the Clay, before we came at Waburne hope: the thirde alſo in Yarmouth ryuer ouer agaynſt Bradwell a towne in low or little England, wherof alſo I muſt néedes ſay ſomewhat, by<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cauſe it is in maner an Iſland, and as I geſſe eyther hath béene or may be one, for the bro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deſt place of the Strict lande that leadeth to the ſame, it little aboue a quarter of a myle, which againſt the raging waues of the ſea, can make but ſmal reſiſtence.<note place="margin">Litle <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land.</note> Litle England or low Englande therefore is about 8. miles in length and foure in bredth, very well re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pleniſhed with townes, as Friſtan, Burgh caſtel, Olton, Flixto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Leſtoft, Gu<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>to<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Blund<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſton, Corton, Lownd, Aſheby, Hoxton, Bel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton, Bradwel, & Gorleſton, and beſide this it is very fruitfull and indued with all commo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dities. Going forwarde from hence, by the Eſtonneſſe (almoſt an Iſlande,) I ſawe a ſmall percell cut from the maine in Orforde hauen, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Langerſtone in Orwell mouth, two péeces or Iſlettes at Cattywade Bridge, the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> caſting about vnto y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Colne, we beholde Mer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſey which is a pretie Iſlande, well furniſhed with wood. It was ſomtime a great recepta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cle for the Danes, when they inuaded En<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>glande, howbeit at this preſent it hath beſide two decaied Blockhouſes, two Pariſh chur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ches of wich one is called Eaſt Merſey, the other weſt Merſey & both vnder the Archdea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>con of Colcheſter as percell of his iuriſdictio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>,<note place="margin">Fowl<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> </note> Fowlneſſe is an Iſle voyde of wood, & yet wel repleniſhed with very good graſſe for nette and ſhéepe, whereof the inhabitaunts haue great plentie: there is alſo a Pariſh church, and albeit that it ſtande ſomewhat diſtaunt from the ſhore, yet at a dead low water a man ryde thereto if he be ſkilfull of the Cawſie.</p> <p>In Maldon water are in lyke ſorte thrée Iſlands, enuironned with the ſalt ſtreames,<note place="margin">Ouſcy. North<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> </note> as S. Oſithes, Northey and another (after a merſhe) that beareth no name ſo far as I re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>member. On the right hand alſo as we went toward the ſea againe, we ſaw Ramſey Iſle,<note place="margin">Ramſey</note> or rather a <hi rend="text">Peninſula</hi> or Bylande,<note place="margin">Key.</note> and like<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wyſe the Rey, in which is a Chappell of S. Peter. And then coaſting vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the mouth of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Bourne, we ſaw y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Wallot Iſle & his mates, wherof two lye by Eaſt of Wallot, and the forth is Foulneſſe, excepte I be deceyued, for here my memorye fayleth me, on the one ſide and information on the other, I meane co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>cerning y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> placing of foulneſſe. But to pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>céede, after this and being entered into the Thames mouth, I finde no Iſlande of anye <!--<pb n="19" facs="tcp:29044:27"/>--> name, except you <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> Rochford hundred for one, whereof I haue no <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>, more then of C<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>wland, M<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>r<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>and, Ely, and the reaſt, th<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> are franted by the Ouze <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> Auon (two noble riuers herafter to be <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>) ſith I touth only thoſe that are <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> on<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned with the ſea, or ſalt water, as wée maye ſée in the Canway Iſles,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>anway.</note> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> ſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>me do<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſken to an I poora ſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> b<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>g, ſome he <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> vice, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, or wide <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, bycauſe they are very ſmall at the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>aſt end, and large at weſt. The ſalte & <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>es alſo that croſſe the ſame doe ſo ſeperate the one of that <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> the other, that they reſemble the ſlope courſe of the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> part of a ſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>rew or gimlet, in very parfite <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>er, if a man ode imagine <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> downe ſtrain the<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> top of the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> vppon them. Betwéene th<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſe, more <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> into the Leighe towne lyeth another little Iſle, whoſe name is to me vnknowen. Cetes I woulde <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> gone to and<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> and viewed theſe per<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>elles as they lay, but forasmuch as a Pe<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ry of wind<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> (ſcarſe co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>parable to the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>a<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>erell gale wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of <hi rend="text">Iohn A<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>c<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>,</hi> one of the beſt ſean<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> that <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land euer bredde, was <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> to talke) caught holde of our ſayles, and caryed vs forth the right way toward London, I coulde not t<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>y to ſée what thinges were <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> much therefore of our Iſlandes, and ſo much may well ſuffice.</p> </div> <div n="9" type="chapter"> <head>Of the ryſing and falles of ſuch ryuers and ſtreames, as deſcende into the ſea with<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>out alteration of their names, and firſt of thoſe that lye betweene the Thames and the Sa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uerne. Cap. 9.</head> <p>HAuing as you haue ſéene attempted to ſet downe a full diſcourſe of all the Iſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>landes, that are ſcituate vppon the coaſt of Britayne, and finding the ſucceſſe not correſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pondent to myne intent, it hath cauſed mée ſomewhat to reſtrayne my purpoſe in thys deſcription of our riuers. For whereas I en<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tended at the firſt to haue written at large, of the number, ſcituation, names, quantities, Townes, Villages, Caſtles, Mountaynes, Freſh waters, Plaſhes, or Lakes, Salt wa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ters, and other commodities of the aforeſayd Iſles, myne expectation of information from all partes of Englande, was ſo deceyued in the ende, that I was fayne at laſt, onelye to leane to that which I knewe my ſelfe eyther by reading or ſuch other helpe as I had al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ready purchaſed and gotten of the ſame. And euen ſo it happeneth alſo in this my tracta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of waters, of whoſe heads, courſes, le<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>gth, bredth, depth of Chanell (for burden) ebb<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>, flow<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ges, and falles, I had thought to haue made a perfect deſcriptio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>. But now for want of inſtruction, which hath béene largelye pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>miſed, and ſl<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ckly perfourmed, and other ſo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dayne and <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>rious denyall of helpe volun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tarily off<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ed, wythout occaſion gyuen <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> part, I <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> néedes content my ſelf with ſuch obſeruations as I haue eyther obtayned by myne <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> experience, or gathered fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> tyme to tyme out of other <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> writings: wherby the full diſcourſe of the whole is vtterly cut of, and in ſtéede of the ſame a mangled re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hearſall of the reſidue, ſet downe and left in memori<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>. Wherefore I beſéech your Honour to pardon this imperfect <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> and rudeneſſe of my labour, which notwithſtanding is not al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>togither in vayne, ſith my errors may pr<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> a ſpurre <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> the better <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, eyther too cor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rect, or inlarge where <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>, or at the leaſt wi<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e to take <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> a more abſolute péece of wor<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e as better direction ſhall enco<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rage them thereto. The entraunce and be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ginning of euery thing is the hardeſt, and hée that beginneth well hath atchieued halfe hys purpoſe. The Iſe my Lorde is broken, and from henceforth it wil be more eaſie for ſuch as ſhall come after to wade through with the reaſt, ſith <hi rend="text">facile eſt inue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tis a<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ere,</hi> and to con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tinue and <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>niſhe, is not ſo great a <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> in <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> and laye the founda<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tion or <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> of any noble péece of work<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>manſhippe though it be but rudely handled. But to my purpoſe as I began at y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Thames in any deſcription of Iſlandes,<note place="margin">Thameſis.</note> ſo will I now do the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ide with that of riuers: making m<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>e entrie at the ſayde ryuer it ſelfe, which hath his heade or beginning out of the ſide of an hyll, ſtanding in the playnes of Cotteſwolde, about one mile from Tetbury néere vnto the Foſſe (an hygh waye ſo called of olde) where it was ſometyme named <hi rend="text">Iſis</hi> or the <hi rend="text">Ouſe,</hi> al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thoughe dyuers doe ignorauntlye call it the Thames, euen there, rather of a fooliſhe cu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtome then of anye ſkill, bycauſe they eyther neglect or vtterly are ignoraunt, how it was named at the firſt. From hence it runneth di<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rectly toward the eaſt, where it méeteth with the Cyrne or Churne, (a brooke called in latin <hi rend="text">Corinium</hi>) whereof Cyrneceſter towne by which it commeth doth take the name.<note place="margin">Corinium.</note> From hence it haſteth to Créekelade (<hi rend="text">alias</hi> Crekan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ford) Lechlade, Radcotebridge, Newbridge, & Euſham (receiuing by the way an infinit ſort of ſmall ſtreames, brookes, beckes, waters, & rundelles) & here on this ſide of the towne de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uiding it ſelfe into two courſes, of which the one goeth ſtrayght to Botley, and Hinkſey, the other by God<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ow, a village not farre of. This latter ſpreadeth it ſelfe alſo for a whyle <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:28"/>--> into ſundry ſmaller braunches, which runne not farre eare they be reunited, and then be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>clipping ſundry pleaſaunt meadowes, it paſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſeth at length by Oxeforde, where it méeteth with the Charwell,<note place="margin">Charwell.</note> and a little from whence the originall branches doe ioyne agayne and go togither by Abbandune (or Abington, as we call it,) although no part of it at the firſt came ſo néere the Towne as it doth n<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>w,<note place="margin">Some write that the maine ſtreame was brou<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ght thither which ran before be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twene In<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>erſey and Culenham</note> till a braunch thereof was led thyther from the mayne ſtreame, through the induſtrie of the monkes as (beſide the teſtimonie of olde re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cordes thereof yet extant to be ſéene) by the decay of Dorcheſter it ſelf, ſomtime the com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> thorowfare from Wales, and the Weſt countrey to London, which inſurd vpon this fac<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>, is eaſie to bée ſéene. From hence it go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth to Dorcheſter and ſo to Thame, where ioyning with a riuer of the ſame denomina<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tion,<note place="margin">If Oxford it ſelfe be not to bee called Duſeford thereof. <hi rend="text">Pontium.</hi> </note> it loſeth the name of <hi rend="text">Iſis</hi> or <hi rend="text">Ouſe,</hi> wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of Duſeney at Oxeforde is producted) and fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ceforth is called <hi rend="text">Thameſis.</hi> From Thame it goeth to Walling forde and ſo to Reading, which ſome of the number of Bridges there doe call <hi rend="text">Pontium,</hi> albeit that the Engliſhe name doe procéede rather from Rhe, or Rée the Saxon word for a water courſe or riuer which may be ſéene in Ouerée or Sutherey,<note place="margin">S. Mary ouer Rhée.</note> for ouer the Rée or South of the Rhe as the ſkilfull can coniecture. But howſoeuer that matter ſtandeth after it hath paſſed by Rea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding,<note place="margin">Kenet.</note> and there receyued the Kenet, which commeth from the hilles that lye Weſt of Marleborough,<note place="margin">Thetis.</note> and then the Thetis, com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>monly called the Tyde that commeth from the Thetiſforde; it hyeth to Sudlington, or Maydenheade, and ſo to Wyndleſhore (or Windſore) Eaton & then to Chertſey, where Erkenwalde Biſhoppe of London, ſomtime buylded a religious Houſe, as I doe reade. From Chertſeye it haſteth dyrectlye vnto Stanes, and receyuing an other ſtreame by the waye,<note place="margin">Cole.</note> called the Cole, (whereupon Col<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>brooke ſtandeth) it goeth by Kingſtone Shene Sion, and Brentforde, where it méeteth the Brane or the Brene, another Brooke diſcen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding from Edgeworth whoſe name ſignifieth a Frogge, in the Brittiſh ſpeache. Vppon thys alſo Sir Iohn Thinne, had ſometyme a ſtately houſe wyth marueylous prouiſion to incloſe and retayne ſuch fiſhe as ſhoulde come about the ſame. From Brentfoorde it paſſeth by Mortlach,<note place="margin">Brene.</note> Putney, Fulham, Bat<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>terſey, Chelſey, Lambeth, and ſo to London. Finallye going from thence vnto the ſea, it taketh the Lée wyth it by the waye vpon the Coaſt of Eſſex, and the Darnt vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Kentſide, which riſeth néere to Tanrige, and commeth by Shoreham,<note place="margin">Darwent.</note> vnto Derntforde, whereunto the Cray falleth:<note place="margin">Cray.</note> And leſt of all the mydway a notable ryuer, (in mine opinion) which wa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tereth all the South, and Southweſt part of Kent, and whoſe deſcription is not to be omit<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted in his place.</p> <p>Thus we ſée the whole tract and courſe of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Thames by whoſe head and fall, it is euident that the length therof is at the leaſt, one hun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dreth and eighty miles, if it be meaſured by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> iourneyes of the land. And as it is in courſe, the longeſt of the thrée famous riuers of thys Iſle, ſo it is nothing inferiour vnto them, in abundance of all kinde of fiſhe, whereof it is harde to ſay, which of them haue eyther moſt plentie, or greateſt varietie, if the circumſta<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ces be duely weighed. What ſhould I ſpeake of the fat and ſwéete Samons,<note place="margin">Sa<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> dayly taken in this ſtreame, & that in ſuch plentye, as no ry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer in <hi rend="text">Europa,</hi> is able to excéede it, but what ſtore alſo of Barbelles, Troutes, Chenins, Pearches, Smelts, Breames, Roches,<note place="margin">Roch<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> Shrimps & <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> Flou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ders the be<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>.</note> Da<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ces, Gudgins, Flou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ders, Shrimps, Eles &c. are commo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ly to be had therein, I referre me to them, that knowe the ſame by experience. And albeit it ſéemeth from time to time, to be as it were defrauded in ſundrye wiſe, of theſe hir large commodities, by the inſociable aua<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rice of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> fiſhermen yet this famous ryuer co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>playneth of no w<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>nte, but the more it looſeth at one tyme, the more it yéeldeth at another. Onely in Carpes it ſéemeth to bée ſcant,<note place="margin">Carpes fiſhe <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> brought into E<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> later <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> the Th<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>mes.</note> ſith it is not long finde that kynde of fiſhe was brought ouer into Englande, and but of late to ſpeake of, into this ſtreame by the violent rage of ſundry Landfloudes, that brake open the heades and dammes of dyuers Gentle<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mens pondes, by which meanes it became pertaker alſo of this ſaid commoditie, where<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>arſt it had no portion that I coulde euer heare of.</p> <p>Furthermore the ſayde riuer floweth and <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>lleth all his channels twyſe in the daye and night, that is in euery 12. houres once,<note place="margin">South weſt, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> north <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> make <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> ſea at <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> full and chaung doth hy<g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>erst tyd<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> which <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> call <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> tides. The <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> diſta<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> bet<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> one tyd<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> another.</note> & thys ebbing and flowing, holdeth on for the ſpace of ſeauentye miles, within the mayne lande: the ſtreame or tyde, being alwayes hygheſt at Londo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, when the Moone doth exactly touch the northeaſt and ſouth or weſt pointes, of the heauens, of which one is viſible, the other vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>der the earth, and not ſubiect to our ſight.</p> <p>Theſe tydes alſo differ in their tymes eche one comming latter then other, by ſo manye mynutes as paſſe ere the reuolucion and na<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>turall courſe of the heauens doe reduce, and bring about the ſayde Plannet, vnto thoſe hir former places: whereby the common dif<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ference betwéene one tyde and another, is founde to conſiſt of twentye foure mynutes, which wa<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>teth but twelue of an whole houre; <!--<pb n="20" facs="tcp:29044:28" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> in 24 as experience doth confirme.</p> <p>This order of flowing likewiſe is parpetu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>all,<note place="margin">The <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> came oft <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ecked in <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> entra<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce to the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>nd.</note> except rough winds doe happen to checke the ſtreame in hir comming, or elſe ſome o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther occaſion, put by the ordinary courſe of the Northern ſeas, which fyll the ſayde ryuer by their naturall returne and flowing. And that both theſe doe happen eft among, I re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ferre me to ſuch as haue not ſildome obſerued it. For ſometime the huge wind kepeth back a great part of the floudde, whereby the tyde is differred (though neuer altogyther put by) and ſometyme there happen thrée or foure tydes in one naturall daye, whereof the vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſkilful do deſcant many things. I would here make mencion of ſundry bridges placed ouer this noble ſtreame,<note place="margin">London <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ridge.</note> of which that of London is moſt chiefly to be co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>mended, for it is man<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ner a continuall Stréete, well repleniſhed with large and ſtatelye houſes on both ſides, & ſcituate vpon twentie Arches, whereof eche one is made of excellent frée ſquared ſtone, e<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uery of theym being thréeſcore fote in height, and full twentie in diſtaunce one from ano<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther.</p> <p>In lyke maner I coulde intreat of the infi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nite number of ſwannes dayly to be ſéene vp<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pon thys riuer,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>000. wher <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>es vpon <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>he thames <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>nd 3000. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ooremen maintained <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>y y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame whoſe <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ams come <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> moſt ple<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ly in the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>erme time</note> the two thouſand. Whirries and ſmall bots, whereby thrée thouſand poore watermen are maintained, through the cari<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>age and recariage, of ſuch perſons as paſſe, or repaſſe, from tyme to tyme vppon the ſame: beſide thoſe huge tyde botes, tiltbotes & barges, which eyther carry paſſengers, or bryng neceſſary prouiſion, from all quarters of Oxefordſhyre, Barkeſhyre, Bucking<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hamſhyre, Bedfordeſhyre, Herfordeſhyre, Mydellſex, Eſſex, Surry and Kent, vnto the Citie of London. But forſomuch as theſe thynges are to be repeated againe in the particuler diſcription of London, annexed to hys Carde. I ſuceſſe at this tyme to ſpeake any more of them as alſo of the ryuer it ſelf, wherefore let thys ſuffyſe.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Midway.</note>Next vnto the Thames we haue the mid<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>way water, which falleth into the mayne ſea at <hi rend="text">Shepey.</hi> It ariſeth Warde forreſt in Suſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſex, and when it is come ſo farre as Whethe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lin towne,<note place="margin">Dunus.</note> it méeteth a little by north thereof, with the Done, which deſcendeth from wa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>terdon forreſt, and from whence they go on togyther, as one by Aſhehirſt, where hauing receyued alſo the ſeconde brooke, it haſteth to Pe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſherſt, & there carrieth with all the Eden, that commeth from Lingfielde parke. After thys it goeth into the South eaſt parte of Kent,<note place="margin">Frethus.</note> and taketh with it the Frith or Firth, on the north weſt ſyde, and an other lyttle ſtreame that commeth from the hylles, be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twéene Peuenbury and Horſemon, on the ſouth eſt.<note place="margin">Thriſe.</note> From thence alſo & not farre from Yalling it receiueth the Theiſe (a pretye ſtreame that riſeth about Theiſe Hirſt) and afterwarde the Gran or crane,<note place="margin">Grane alias Cranus.</note> which hauing hys heade not farre from Cranbrooke, and méeting with ſundry other reuellettes by the way, whereof one braunche of Theiſe is the laſt, (for it parteth at the Twiſt, and inclu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deth a prety Iſlande) doth ioyne with the ſaid Medway, a litle aboue Yalding, & then with the Lowſe. Finally at Maidſtone, it méeteth wyth another brooke, whoſe name I knowe not, and then paſſeth by Allington, Dutton, Newhide, Halling, Cuckeſtane, Rofcheſter, Chattham, Gillingham, Vpchurch, Kingſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ferry, and falleth into the maine ſea, betwene Shepey and the Grane.</p> <p>Some ſaye that it is called mydway water becauſe it falleth into the ſea mydway, be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twéene the north foreland and London: yet ſome not hauing anye ſuch conſideration, doe name it the Medow ſtreame, whereof I thought good alſo to leaue this ſhort admoni<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tion.</p> <p>After the Midway whoſe diſcription I haue partely gathered out of the Leland, and part<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly out of Maiſter Lamberts perambulato<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of Ke<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t,<note place="margin">Sturus.</note> we haue y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Stoure that riſeth at Kingeſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>woode which is fourtéene or fiftéene myles, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Canterbury. This riuer paſſeth by Aſhe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>forde, Wie, Nackington, Canterbury, For<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>diſh, Standiſh, and Sturemouth,<note place="margin">Nailburne water alſo as I heare about Cant warbiry, but I wote not wherabou<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>.</note> where it receyueth another ryuer, which hath 3. bran<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ches, wherof one called Bredge goeth by Bi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhips bourne, the other named Wyham, be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ginneth about Adham, and the thirde (name<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leſſe) ru<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>neth by Staple to Wingham. After<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>warde our Stoure or Sture parteth it ſelfe in twaine, and in ſuch wyſe that one arme thereof goeth towarde the North, and is cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led (when it commeth at the ſea) the North<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mouth of Stoure, the other runneth South<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eaſt warde vp to Rycheborow & ſo to Sand<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wiche, from whence it goeth Northeaſt a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gayne & falleth into the ſea. The iſſue of this latter tract is called the hauen of Sandwiche and peraduenture the ſtreame that commeth downe thither, after the diuiſio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of the Stoure,<note place="margin">Wantſome.</note> may be the ſame, which <hi rend="text">Beda</hi> calleth Want<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſome, but as I ca<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>not vndo this knot at will, ſo this is certaine, that the Stoure on the one ſide, and peraduenture, the Wantſome on the other parteth & cutteth the Tenet from the maine lande of Kent, wherby it is left for an Iſland and ſo repleniſhed with townes, as I haue notified before, in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> chapter that ſpea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>keth of our Iſlandes.</p> <p>There are other little Brookes, which fall <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:29"/>--> into the Stoure of which Lelande ſpeaketh, as Fiſhpoole becke, that aryſeth in Stone<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hirſtwood and méeteth with it foure myles from Canterbury: an other beginneth at Chiſelet, & goeth into the Stoure gut, which ſometime incloſed Thanet, as Leylande ſaieth, the thirde iſſueth out of the grounde at Northburne (where Eadbert of Kent ſome time paſt held his pallace &) runneth to Sa<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wich hauen, as the ſayde Au<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>thor reporteth, & the fourth called Bridge water that ryſeth by S. Marie Burne church, & méeteth with Canterbury water at Stourmouth: alſo Wyham that ryſeth aboue Wyham, and falleth into Bredge water at<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> Dudmyll, or Wenderton: but ſith they are eyther obſcure or nameleſſe & there to not reſeruing there names till they come at the ſea, I paſſe them ouer as not to be touched here. From hence vnto Douer I finde no ſtreame by reaſon of the Clyffes, that enuironne the ſayde coaſt: howbeit vpon the South ſide of Douer there is a pretie freſh ryuer, whoſe head aryſe<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>h at Erwell, not paſſing foure myles from the ſea,<note place="margin">Dour.</note> and of ſome is called <hi rend="text">Dour,</hi> which in the Brittiſhe tongue is a common name for all waters. And thereof alſo it is lykely that the towne and Caſtell of Douer dyd ſometyme take the name.<note place="margin">Parentheſis</note> From hence we go towarde the Camber, (omitting paraduenture here and there ſundrye ſmall Créekes, & Beckes, by the way) whereabouts the Rother, a noble riuer falleth into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſea.<note place="margin">Rother.</note> This Rother hath his head in Suſſex not far from Argas hill néere to Waterden forreſt, and from thence direc<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>teth his courſe vnto Rotherfield. After this it goeth to Ethlingham or Hitchingham, and ſo forth by Newendon vnto Matthamferry, where it deuided it ſelfe in ſuch wiſe, that one braunche thereof goeth to Appledour (where it méeteth w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the <hi rend="text">Bily</hi> that ryſeth about Bil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſington) the other by Iden,<note place="margin">Bily.</note> ſo that it inclu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deth a fine percell of grounde called Oxney, which in times paſt was reputed as a percell of Suſſex, but now vpon ſome occaſion or o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther, it is annexed vnto Kent. From hence alſo growing into ſome greatneſſe, it run<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth to Rie, where it méeteth finally with the Becke,<note place="margin">Becke.</note> which commeth from Beckley, ſo that the plot wherein Rye ſtandeth, is in ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ner a Bylande or <hi rend="text">Peninſula,</hi> as experience doth confirme. Lelande and moſt men are of the opinion that this ryuer ſhoulde be called the <hi rend="text">Limene,</hi> <note place="margin">Limenus.</note> howbeit in our time it is knowen by none other name, then the <hi rend="text">Rother</hi> or <hi rend="text">Ap<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pledour water,</hi> whereof let this ſuffice.</p> <p>Being thus croſſed ouer to the Weſt ſide of Rye hauen, and in viewing the iſſues that fal into the ſame, I méete firſt of all with a wa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter that groweth of two brookes, which come downe by one Chanell into the eaſt ſide of the mouth of the ſayde Port. The firſt therefore that falleth into it, deſcendeth from Beckley or thereabouts, as I take it, the next runneth along by Peſemarſh, and ſoone after ioyning withall, they holde on as one, till they fall into the ſame at the Weſterly ſide of Rye. The third ſtreame commeth from the North, and as it mounteth vp not farre from Munfield, ſo it runneth betwéene Seſcamb and Wac<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lington neere vnto Bread, taking another rill with all that ryſeth as I heare not very farre from Weſtfield. There is likewyſe a fourth that groweth of two heades, betwéene I<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>lingham and Pet, & going by Winchelſey it meeteth withall about Rye hauen, ſo that Winchelſey ſtandeth enuironned on three partes with water, and the ſtreames of theſe two that I haue laſt rehearſed.</p> <p>The water that falleth into the Ocean, a myle by Southweſt of Haſtinges or thera<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bouts, is called <hi rend="text">Aeſtus</hi> or Aſten,<note place="margin">Aeſtus.</note> and riſing not farre from Penhirſt, it méeteth with the ſea, as I heare by Eaſt of Hollington.<note place="margin">Buluer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hithe.</note> Buluer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hithe is but a créeke as I remember ſerued with no backewater, and ſo I heare of Cod<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding or olde hauen, wherfore I meane not to touche them.</p> <p>Into Peuenſey hauen diuers waters doe reſort,<note place="margin">Peuenſey</note> & of theſe that which entereth into the ſame on the Eaſt ſide ryſeth out from two heades, whereof the moſt eaſterly is called <hi rend="text">Aſhe,</hi> the next vnto it the <hi rend="text">Burne,</hi> and vniting themſelues not farre from Aſheburne,<note place="margin">Aſhe Burne.</note> they continue their courſe vnder the name and title of Aſheburne water as I reade. The ſe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>conde that commeth thereinto ryſeth alſo of two heades, wherof the one is ſo many miles from Boreham, the other not farre from the Parke eaſt of Hellingſtowne, and both of the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>curring Southweſt of Hirſtmowſen, they direct their courſe toward Peue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſey (beneath which they méete wyth an other ryſing at Foyngton) and thence go in one chanell for a myle or more, tyll they fall togither into the Peuenſey hauen.</p> <p>The Cuckmer iſſueth out at ſeuerall pla<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ces,<note place="margin">Cucom<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> </note> and hereof the more eaſterly braunch co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth from Warbleton ward, the other from Biſhoppes wood, and méeting beneath Hal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ling they runne in one bottome by Micham Arlington, Wellington, olde Frithſtan and ſo into the ſea.</p> <p>Vnto the water that co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>meth out at New<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hauen ſundry Brookes & Riuerettes doe re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſorte,<note place="margin">Iſis nifa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lor.</note> but the chiefe head ryſeth towarde the Weſt ſomewhat betwéene Etchinforde and Shepley as I here. The firſt water therfore <!--<pb n="21" facs="tcp:29044:29"/>--> that falleth into the ſame on the eaſt ſide, iſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſueth out of the grounde about Vertwood, & running from thence by Langhto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> and Ripe, on the Weſt ſide, it falleth into the aforeſayd ryuer beneath Forle and Glyme, or thrée myles lower then Lewys, if the other buttal lyke you not. The next hervnto hath his head in Argas hill, the thirde deſcendeth fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Aſhe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>don forreſt, and ioyning with the laſt mentio<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned, they croſſe the maine ryuer a little be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neath Iſefield. The fourth water commeth from Aſhedon forreſt by Horſted Caines (or Ouſeſtate Caines) and falleth into the ſame, lykewyſe Eaſt of Linfield. Certes I am de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceyued if this ryuer be not called <hi rend="text">Iſis,</hi> after it is paſt Iſefield.<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>turewell.</note> The fift ryſeth about Stor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uelgate, and méeteth alſo wyth the maine ſtreame aboue Linfield, & theſe are knowen to lye vpon the right hande as we rowed vp the ryuer. On the other ſide are onely two, whereof the firſt hath his originall néere vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to Wenefield, and holding on his courſe to<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>warde the Eaſt, it méeteth with his maiſter betwéene Newicke and Iſefield, or Ifield as ſome reade it. The laſt of all commeth from Plimodune or Plumpton,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>imus.</note> and hauing met in like ſort with the maine riuer about Bar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cham, it runneth forth with it, and the reſt in one chanell by Barcham, Hamſey, Malling, Lewys, Piddingburne, and ſo forth into the maine ſea.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>.</note>The next ryuer that we came vnto Weſt of Brighthemſton is the Sore, which not<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>withſtanding I finde to be called Brember water, in the auncient Mappe of Marton Colledge in Oxforde: but in ſuch ſorte (as I take it) as the Rother is called Appledour ſtreame, bycauſe of the ſayd towne that ſtan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deth therevpon. But to procéede, it is a plea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſaunt water, and thereto if you conſider the ſcituation of his armes, and braunches from the higher groundes, very much reſembling a fower ſtringed whip. Wherabout the head of this riuer is, or which of theſe braunches may ſafely be called <hi rend="text">Sora,</hi> from the riſing, in good ſooth I can not ſay, for after we had paſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed nyne or tenne myles thereon vp into the lande, ſodainly the croſſe waters ſtopped vs, ſo that we were inforced to turne either eaſt or weſt, for directly forth ryght we had no way to go. The firſt arme on the ryght hand as we went, ryſeth out of a Parke by South of Alborne, and going on for a certayne ſpace toward the Northweſt, it turneth ſouthward betweene Shermonbury and Twinham, and ſoone after méeteth with y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Bymar, not much South from Shermonbury,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>marus.</note> whence they run togither almoſt two myles, till they fall into the Sore. That on the Weſtſide deſcendeth from about Billingeſhir<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>t, & going towarde the eaſt, it croſſeth w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> (which ryſeth a little by Weſt of Thacam) eaſt from Pul<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>borow, and ſo they run as one into the Sore, that after this co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>fluence haſteth it ſelf ſouth<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>warde by Brember, Burleis, the Combes, and ere long into the Ocean.</p> <p>The Aron (of which beſide Arundel towne the Caſtell and the valey,<note place="margin">Arunus.</note> wherin it runneth is called <hi rend="text">Vallis Aruntina,</hi> or Arundale in En<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gliſh) is a goodly water and thereto increa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed with no ſmall number of excellent & plea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſaunt brookes. It ſpringeth vp of two heades, whereof one deſcendeth from the North not farre from Gretham, & going by Lis, mée<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>teth with the next ſtreame, as I geſſe about Dourſford houſe. The ſecond riſeth by Weſt from the hilles that lye towarde the ryſing of the ſunne from Eaſtmaine and runneth by Peterfield. The thirde commeth from Beryton warde and ioyneth with the ſecond betwéene Peterfield and Dourſforde, after which co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>fluence they go togither in one cha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nell ſtill toward the Eaſt, (taking a rill with them that commeth betwéene Fernehirſt and <hi rend="text">S. Lukes</hi> Chappell, ſouthweſt of Linche<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mere & meting with it Eaſt of Loddeſworth as I doe reade, and lykewyſe ſundrye o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther in one Chanell beneath Sopham) to Waltham, Bury, Houghton, Stoke, Arun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dell, Tortington forde, Climping (all on the Weſt ſide,) and ſo into the ſea. Hauing thus deſcribed the weſt ſide of Arun, let vs doe the lyke with the other in ſuch ſorte as we beſt may. The firſt riuer that we come vnto ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore on the Eaſt ſide, and alſo the ſeconde riſe at ſundry places in <hi rend="text">S. Leonards</hi> forreſt, and ioyning a lyttle aboue Horſham, they mete with the thirde, which commeth from Ifield Parke, not verye farre from Slinfeld. The fourth hath two heads, whereof one ryſeth in Witley Parke, the other by weſt, néere vnto Heſelméere chappell, and méeting by weſt of Dourſfeld, they vnyte themſelues with the chanell, growing by the confluence that I ſpake of beneath Slinfeld, a little aboue Bil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lingeſhirſt. The laſt water commeth from the hilles aboue Lincheméere, and runneth weſt and South, and paſſing betwene Bil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lingſhirſt and Stopham it commeth vnto the channell laſt mencioned, & ſo into the Arun, beneath Stopham, without anye farder in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>creaſe, at the leaſt that I doe here of.</p> <p>Burne hath his iſſue in a Parke,<note place="margin">Burne.</note> néere Al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dingburne (or rather a litle aboue y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame to<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ward the North, as I haue ſince béene infor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>med,) and running by the bottomes toward the ſouth, it falleth into the ſea betwéene north Berflete and Fleſham.</p> <p> <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:30"/>--> <note place="margin">Eryn.</note>Eryn riſeth of ſundry heddes, by eaſt of Erynley and directing his courſe toward the ſunne ryſing, it penniſulateth Seleſey, and falleth into the Ocean betwéene Seleſey towne on the ſouthweſt & Pagham at north weſt.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Delus.</note> <hi rend="text">Del</hi> ſpringeth about Benderton, & thence running betwéene midle Lauaunt and Eaſt Lauaunt, it goeth by weſt of Weſt Hamp<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>net, by eaſt of Chicheſter, or Weſt of Rum<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>balde ſoowne, and afterwarde by Fiſhburne, where it méeteth with a ril comming North weſt from Funtingdon (a little beneath the towne) and then running thus in one ſtreame towarde the ſea, it méeteth with another ril<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>let comming by Northe of Boſham and ſo into Auant gulf by Eaſt of Thorney Iſland.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Racunus.</note>The <hi rend="text">Racon</hi> riſeth by eaſt of Racton or <hi rend="text">Ra<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>codunum</hi> and co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ming by Chidham, it falleth into the ſea, Northeſt of Thorney afore<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſayde.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Emill.</note> The <hi rend="text">Emill</hi> commeth firſt betwéene Racton and Stanſted then downe to Emilſworth or Emmeſworth, and ſo vnto the Ocean, ſepa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rating Suſſex from Ha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>pſhyre almoſt from the very head.</p> <p>Hauing in this maner paſſed along the coa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtes of Suſſex. The next water that I reme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber, ryſeth by eaſt of the forreſt of Eſtbyry, from whence it goeth by Southwijc, Weſt Burhunt, Farham, and ſo into the gulfe al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>moſt full South.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Badunus. forté.</note>Then come we to Bedenham Créeke (ſo called of a village ſtanding thereby,) the mouth whereof lyeth almoſt directly agaynſt Porcheſter Caſtell, which is ſcituate about 3. miles by water from Porteſmouth towne, as Lelande doth report. Then go we with<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>in halfe a myle farder to Forten Créeke,<note place="margin">Forten.</note> which eyther gyueth or taketh name of a vil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lage harde by.<note place="margin">Oſterpole.</note> After this we come to Oſter<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>poole Lake, a great Créeke, which goeth vp by weſt into the land, and lyeth not far from a rounde tower of ſtone, from whence alſo there goeth a chaine, to another Tower on the eaſt ſide directly ouer againſt it, whereby the entraunce of great veſſels into that part maye be at pleaſure reſtrayned.</p> <p>From hence wée goe further to Tiche<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>feld water, that riſeth about Eſtmaine park, ten or twelue myles by northeaſt or there a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bout from Tichfeld.<note place="margin">Tichefield.</note> From Eſtmaine it go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth (parting the forreſtes of Waltham, and Eaſtbery by the waye) to Wicham or Wi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>comb, a prety market towne and large tho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rowfare, where alſo the water ſeperateth it ſelfe into two armelettes, and goyng vnder two bridges of woode, commeth ere long a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gayne vnto one Chanell. From hence it go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth thrée or foure myles farder, to a bridge of tymber by Maiſter Writhoſeleyes houſe, (leauing Tichfelde towne on the right ſide) & a little beneath runneth vnder Ware bridg whether the ſea floweth as hir natural courſe inforceth. Finally within a mile of this bridge it goeth into the water of Hampton hauen, wherunto diuers ſtreames reſort as you ſhal heare hereafter.</p> <p>After this we come to Hamble hauen,<note place="margin">Hamelr<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> or Hamelriſh créeke, whoſe fall is betwéene S. Andrewes caſtell, and Hoke. It riſeth about Shidford in waltham forreſt, and when it is paſt Croke bridge, it méeteth with another brooke, which riſeth not farre fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Biſhoppes Waltham, out of ſundry ſpringes in the high way, to Wincheſter, from whence it paſſeth as I ſayde by Biſhoppes Waltham, then to Budeley or Botley, and ſo ioyning with the Hamble, they runne togither by Prowlingſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>worth, Vpton, Bruſill, Hamble towne, and ſo into the ſea.</p> <p>Now come we to the haue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of ſouth Hamp<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton,<note place="margin">South<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hampton</note> which I will briefely deſcribe ſo neare as I can poſſibly. The bredth or entry of the mouth herof, as I take it, is by eſtimatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> two miles from ſhore to ſhore. At the weſt poynt therof alſo is a ſtrong caſtell lately builded which is rightly named Caldſhore, but now Cawſhot, I wote not by what occaſion. On y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> eaſt ſide thereof alſo, is a place called Hoke (afore me<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tioned) or Hamell hoke, wherin are not aboue thrée or foure fiſhers houſes, not worthy to be remembred. This hauen ſhoo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>teth vp on the weſt ſide by the ſpace of ſeauen miles, vntill it come to Hampto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> towne, ſtan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding on the other ſide, where it is by eſtima<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tion a mile from lande to lande. Thence it goeth vp further about thrée myles to Red<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bridge ſtill ebbing and flowing thither, and one myle farther, ſo farre as my memorye doeth ſerue mée. Nowe it reſteth that I de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſcribe the Alreſforde ſtreame, which I will procéede withall in this order following.</p> <p>The Alreſforde beginneth of diuers faire ſprings, about a mile or more fro Alreſford,<note place="margin">Alreſford</note> or Alforde as it is now called, & ſoone after re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſorting to one bottome, they become a brode lake, which for the moſt part is called Alford pond. Afterwarde returning againe to a nar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rowe chanell, it goeth thorow a ſtone bridge at the ende of Alforde towne, (leauing the towne it ſelfe on the left hand) toward Hicth<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ingſtocke thrée myles of, but ere it commeth there, it receiueth two rylles in one bottome, wherof one commeth fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the Forreſt in ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ner at hande, and by northweſt of olde Alreſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>forde, the other from Browne Candiuer, that goeth by Northenton, Swarewetton, Aber<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtone. <!--<pb n="22" facs="tcp:29044:30"/>--> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>.</p> <p>On the other ſide of Southampton, there reſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>teth into this hauen alſo, both the T<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſts and the Stockebridge water in one bottome,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>tocke.</note> whereof I finde thys large deſcription inſu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing.</p> <p>The very head of the Stocke water, is ſup<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>poſed to bée ſomewhere about Baſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ngſtoke, or Church Hackley, and going from the<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> betwene Ouerton & Steuenton, it commeth at laſt by Lauerſtocke and Whitchurch, and ſoone after receyuing a brooke, by Northweſt called the Bourne (diſcending from S. Mary Bourne,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ourne.</note> ſoutheaſt from Horſeburne) it pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>céedeth by Long paroch, and the Woodde till it méete with the Cranburne, on the eaſt ſide (a prety riueret ryſing about Michelney and going by Fullington, Barton, and to Cram<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>burne) thence to Horwell in one bottome, be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth which it méeteth with the Andeuer wa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter, that is increaſed ere it come there by an<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>other brooke, whoſe name I doe not knowe. This Andeuer ſtreame, ryſeth in Culha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſhire forreſt, not far by north from Andeuer towne & going to vpper Clatford, are it touch there it receyueth the Rill of which I ſpake before, which ryſing alſo néere vnto An<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ort, goeth to Monketon, to Abbateſham, the Audeuer, and both as I ſaid vnto the Teſt beneth Horwel, whereof I ſpake euen nowe. Theſe ſtreames being thus brought into one botom it runeth toward the South, vnder ſtockbridge, & ſoone after diuiding it ſelfe in twayne, one braunch thereof goeth by Houghton, & a litle beneath méeteth wyth a Ryll, that commeth from by Weſt of S. Annes hyll, and goeth by Eaſt of vpper Wallop, Weſt of nether Wallop, by Bucholt Forreſt, Broughton, and called as <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>.</p> <p>The next riuer that runneth into this <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> ſpringeth in the new Forreſt, and commeth there into about Eling, not paſſing one mile,<note place="margin">Eling.</note> by weſt of the fall of Teſt. From hence caſt<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing about againe into the maine ſea, and lea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uing Calde ſhore Caſtle on the ryght hande, wée dyrected our courſe towarde the South<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>weſt, vnto B<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>aulieu hauen wherinto the Mi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>n<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>y deſcepdeth.</p> <p>The Miney ryſeth not farre from Miney,<note place="margin">Miney.</note> ſtéede<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Village in the north part of the newe Forreſt, and going by Beaulie<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>, it falleth in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to the ſea, ſouthweſt, as I take it of Erbu<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>y, a Village ſtanding vpon the ſhore.</p> <p>Beyng paſt the Miney,<note place="margin">Limen.</note> wee croſſed the Li<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>men, whoſe heade is in the very heart of the newe Forreſt, and running South weſt of Lindhyrſt and the Parke, it goeth <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> Eaſt of Brokenhirſt Weſt of Bulder, and finally into the Sea South and by Eaſt of Leming<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton.</p> <p>The next fall that we paſſed by is name<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leſſe, except it be called Bure,<note place="margin">Bure.</note> & as it deſcen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deth from the newe Forreſt, ſo the next vnto it <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ight Mile, as I haue hearde in Engliſhe.<note place="margin">Milis.</note> Certes the head thereof, is alſo in the ſouth<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>weſt part of the ſaid Forreſt, and the fall not far from Milforde bridge, beyonde the which I find a narrow going or ſtricktland leading from the poynte to Hirſt Caſtle, which ſtan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deth into the Sea, as if it hung by a thred fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the mayne of the Iſlande, ready to be waſhed away, by the continuall and dayly beating of the waues.</p> <p>The next riuer that we came vnto of any name is the Auon, which ryſeth by northeaſt,<note place="margin">Auon.</note> and not far from Woolfe hall, in Wil<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſhire. The firſt notable bridge that it ru<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>neth vnto<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:31"/>--> is at Vphauen, thence foure myles farder, it goeth to little Ambreſbury, and there is ano<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther bridge, from the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce to Woodfo<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>d village, ſtanding at the right hand <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>an<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>, and Newto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> v<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>age on the left. The Biſhops of <hi rend="text">Saru<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> </hi> had a proper Manour place at Woodforde, which Biſhoppe <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>harton pulled downe altogither, bicauſe it was ſomewhat in ſinne. T<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> it goeth to Fiſheeto<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ridge, to Cranebridge <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> Saliſbury, new Saliſbury, & finally to Ha<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ha<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>, which is a <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ately bridge of ſtone, of ſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>xe arches at the leaſt. There is at the weſt ende of the ſayde bridge, a little Iſland, that lyeth betwixt this and another bridge, of feare pre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ty arches, and vnder this latter runeth a good round ſtreame, which as I take it, is a bra<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ch of Auon, that breaketh out a little aboue, and ſoone after it reuniteth it ſelfe agayne: or elſe that Wilton water hath there his entry into the Auon, which I cannot yet determine. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Harneham bridge it goeth to Dounton, that is about foure miles, and ſo much in like ſort from thence to Fording bridge, to Kingwood bridge fiue miles, to Chriſtes church Twin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ham fiue myles, and ſtrayght into the ſea.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Poole.</note>The next fall that we come vnto is Poole, from whoſe mouth vpon the ſhore, by South weſt in a bay of thrée miles of, is a poore fiſh<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>er towne, called Sandwiche, where we ſawe a péere and a little freſh brooke. The very vt<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter part of ſaint Adelmes poynt, is fiue miles from Sandwich. In another bay lyeth weſt Lylleworth, where as I heare is ſome proſt<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>table herborow for ſhips. The towne of Poole is from W<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>burne about foure miles, and it ſtandeth almoſt as an Iſle in the hauen. The hauen it ſelfe alſo if a man ſhoulde meaſure it by the circuite, wa<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>eth little of twenty mile, as I did gueſſe by the view.</p> <p> <note place="margin">way.</note> Waiemouth, or as ſome doe call it Wyle<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mouth, is cou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ted twenty meles from Poole, & y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> head of this riuer riſeth not full foure miles aboue the hauen, by northweſt at Vp<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>l in the ſide of a great <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ill. There is a little barre of ſande at the hauen mouth, & a great arme of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſea runneth vp by the right hand, and ſcant a mile aboue the hauen mouth on the ſhore, is a right goodly and warlike caſtle made, which hath one open barbicane. This arme ru<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>neth vp alſo farder by a myle as in a baye, to a point of land wher a paſſage is into Portla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d, by a little courſe of pibble ſande. It goeth vp alſo from the ſayd paſſage vnto Abbateſbiry about ſeuen miles of, where a little ſreſhe ro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dell reſorteth to the ſea. And ſomwhat aboue this,<note place="margin">Cheſill.</note> is the head or point of the Cheſill lying northweſt, which ſtretcheth vp from the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bout ſeue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> miles, as a maine narrow bank, by a right line vnto the ſoutheſt, and there abut<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> But to procéede wyth our pu<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>poſe. Into the mouth of this riuer doe ſhips often <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> for ſuccour, & being paſt the ſame, we meete with y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> fal of a water néere to <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>. Catherin<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> chapple as we ſailed by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Shingle, which came down fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Litton by Chilcomb, and thence we went to Bruteport water that ariſeth halfe a mile or more aboue Bemiſter, from whence it go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth to Parnham, N<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>therbury, Welplaſh, & ſo to Bruteport, & afterwarde into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſea, taking in ſundry waters w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> al by the way, wherof in my next treatiſe God willing I meane as of diuers other to make a particuler rehearſall. Leuing the Brudeport, we paſſed by Stant<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Gabriell, & beholding Charemouth Bea<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>on a far of, we <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> our courſe toward y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame, but ere we came there, we behelde the fall of Chare, which is a pretye water.<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> It ryſeth a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bout thrée miles aboue Charemouth by north in a parke of the kinges called Marſhewood. Next vnto this is the Buddle,<note place="margin">Buddle</note> which co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>meth about thrée miles by north of Lyme from the hilles, fléeting vpon rocky ſoyle, and ſo falleth into the ſea.</p> <p>Beyond this is the Axe whoſe iſſue at thys preſent is harde vnder the rootes of Winter chifes,<note place="margin">Axe.</note> and the poyntes thereof beyng almoſt a myle in ſunder, the moſt weſterlye of them called Berewood, lyeth within halfe a mile of Seton, but the other toward the eaſt, is called White<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>liffe, wherof I haue ſpoken already. This riuer riſeth a mile northeſt fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Bemi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſter a market Towne, in Dorſet ſhyre, at a place called Axe knoll, (longing to Sir Giles Strangwaies) in a moore hanging on the ſide of an hill. And from thence it runneth to the ruines of an old Abbay called Fordes, about foure or fiue miles from thence, (where it ſée<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth to bée a particion betwéene Sommer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſetſhyre and Deuon) then vnto Axe Minſter in Deuonſhyre, and ſo thorowe the Towne it ſelfe, wherein a great ſlaughter was made <!--<pb n="23" facs="tcp:29044:31"/>--> of Danes in <hi rend="text">Athelſtanes</hi> tyme, at Bruneſdon fielde or rather Brunnedon as I read, and whereof I finde thys annotation, in an olde French Chronicle.</p> <p> <q>In the time of <hi rend="text">Athelſtane,</hi> y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> greateſt Nauie that euer aduentured into thys Iſlande, arri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ued at Seton in Deuonſhyre, beyng repleni<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhed with Aliens that ſought the conqueſt of this Iſland, but <hi rend="text">Athelſtane</hi> mette & encou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tred with them in the fielde, where he ouer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>threwe 6000. of his aforeſayde enimyes. Not one of them alſo that remayned alyue, eſcaped from the battell wythout ſome dead<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lye or very grieuous wound. In this conflicte moreouer were flaine fiue kings, which were enterred in the Church yard of Axe minſter, and of the part of the king of Englande were kylled eyght Earles of the chiefe of hys no<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bilitye, and they alſo buryed in the Church<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>yarde aforeſayde. Hereunto it addeth howe the Byſhop of Shyreburne was in like ſort ſlaine in thys battell, that began at Brune<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dune néere to Colyton, and indured euen to Axe minſter, which then was called Brun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bery or Brunburg. The ſame day that this thyng happened the ſunne loſt hys light, and ſo continued without any bryghtneſſe, vntyll the ſetting of that Planet, though otherwyſe the ſeaſon was cléere and nothing clowdye.</q> But to procéede after our riuer hath paſſed thorow Axeminſter towne, it goeth to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> bridg thereby (where ſone after it receiueth the the Artey,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>tey.</note> ſometyme a raging water) and fi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nally to Axe mouth Towne, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> whence after it hath as it were played it ſelfe, in the plea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſant botomes, by the ſpace of a quarter of a myle, it goeth vnder White cliffe and ſo into the ſea, where it is called Axebaye, and thus is that ryuer deſcribed.</p> <p>As for the hauen which in times paſt as I haue hearde,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>idde.</note> hath béene at Sidmouth (ſo cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led of Sidde a <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>yllet that runeth therto) and likewyſe at Seton. I paſſe it ouer, ſith nowe there is none at al.<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>eton.</note> Yet hath there bene ſome<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tyme a notable one, albeit that at this preſent betwene the two poyntes of the olde hauen, there lyeth a mightie barre of pibble ſtones, in the verye mouth of it, and the ryuer Axe is driue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> to the very eaſt point of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> haue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> called White clyffe. Therat alſo a very little gull goeth into the ſea, whether ſmall fiſherbotes doe oft reſort for ſuccour. The men of Seton beganne of late to ſtake and make a maine wall within the hauen to haue chaunged the courſe of the Axe, and (almoſt in the myd<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dle of the old hauen) to haue trenched thorow the Cheſill, therby to haue let out the Axe, & to haue taken in the maine ſea, but I here of none effect that this attempt dyd come vnto.</p> <p>From Seton weſtwarde lyeth Colyton,<note place="margin">Coly.</note> about two myles by weſt Northweſt, where<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of ryſeth the ryuer Coly, which goyng <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> the aforeſaide towne, paſſeth by Colecomb parke, and afterwarde falleth betwéene Axe brydge and Axe mouth towne into the Axe riuer.</p> <p>Leauing the Coly we come ſoone after to Ottery hauen,<note place="margin">Otterey.</note> whoſe heade riſeth at Ottery fiue myles aboue Mohuns Ottery or Ottery Flemming flat North. From hence it goeth to Vpoter, Mohuns Ottery, Hunito<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Veniton bridge, S. Mary Otterey, Newton bridge Ottermouth and ſo into the ſea. On the weſt ſide of this hauen is Budeley almoſt directly againſt Otterton. It is eaſie to be ſeene alſo, that within leſſe then. 100. yeares, ſhips did vſe this haue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, but now it is barred vp. Some call it Budeley hauen of Budeley towne, o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther Salterne port, of a little creke comming out of the mayne hauen vnto Salterne vil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lage, that hath in time paſt béene a towne of greater eſtimation.</p> <p>From Otterey mouth we ſailed vp to Ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mouth ſo called of the riuer Exe,<note place="margin">Ex.</note> which mou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>teth in Exmore, at a place called Execroſſe th<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ée myles by Northeaſt, and from thence goeth by Exford where it is a rill or ſmall water: then to Tiuerton twelue miles from the head, thence to Therberton Cowley,<note place="margin">Simmi<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Bath.</note> and next of al to Exceſter receauing in the meane time the Simo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s bath water, which riſeth by Northweſt of Simons bath bridge (fower myles from Exford:) and is in Sommer time ſo ſhalowe that a man maye eaſily paſſe ouer it, but in winter it rageth oft, and is very déepe and daungerous.<note place="margin">Kenton.</note> As touching the hauen alſo I remember well that there lieth vpon the very Weſt point of the ſame a barren ſande and in the Weſt North<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>weſt goeth a little creke a mile or thereabout into the land which ſome call Kento<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> creke. I haue herd that the Burgeſes of Exceſter in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deuoured to make the hauen to come vp to Exceſter it ſelfe, but whether they brought it to paſſe or no as yet I doe not know, this is certaine that in times paſt the ſhippes came vp no nearer then Apſham, which is a prety townelet on the ſhore fower myles vpper in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to the hauen.</p> <p>Beyonde Exceſter hauen mouth 4.<note place="margin">Teigne.</note> myles or there about I came to the Teigne mouth which ebbeth and floweth ſo farre as New<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton. The head of this riuer is 20. myles from the ſea, and it riſeth in Dartmore at a place by northweſt called Teigne head. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> hence alſo it goeth to Iagford bridge, Clifford bridg Bridford bridge, Chidley bridge,<note place="margin">Leman.</note> Teigne bridge, Newton buſhelles, beneath which<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> it <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:32"/>--> receaueth the Leman water, and alſo Aller brooke,<note place="margin">Allet.</note> which riſeth thrée miles of, as Leland hath ſet down, who writeth moreouer of this hauen in ſort as followeth. The very vtter weſt point of the land, at y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> mouth of Teigne is called the Neſſe, and is a very high redde cliffe. The eaſt part of the hauen is named the poles, a lowe ſandie grounde eyther caſt vp by the ſpuing of the ſand out of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Teigne, or elſe throwen vp from the ſhore by the rage of winde and water. This ſande occupyeth now a great quantitie of the ground betwene the hauen where the ſand riſeth, and Teigne mouth towne, which towne ſurnamed <hi rend="text">Regis,</hi> hath in time paſt béene ſore defaced by the Danes, and of late time by the Frenche.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Tor.</note> From Teigne mouth we came to Tor bay, wherof the weſt point is called Byry, and the eaſt Perritory, betwene which is litle aboue foure miles. From Torre baie alſo to Dart<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mouth is ſixe myles where (ſayth Leland) I marked diuers thinges. Firſt of all vpon the eaſt ſide of the hauen a great hilly point, cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led Downeſend & betwixt Downeſende, and a pointlet named Wereford, is a litle baye. Were it ſelfe in like ſorte is not full a myle from Downeſend vpwarde into the hauen.<note place="margin">Were.</note> Kingeſwere towne ſtandeth out as another pointlet, and betwixt it & Wereford is the ſe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cond bay. Somwhat moreouer aboue Kingeſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>were towne goeth a litle Creke vp into the land from the maine ſtreame of the hauen called water head,<note place="margin">Water hed</note> & this is a very fitte place for veſſells to be made in. In like ſort half a mile beyond this into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> land ward, goeth ano<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther longer creeke,<note place="margin">Neſſe creke. Gaunſton</note> & aboue that alſo a greater the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> either of theſe called Gawnſto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, whoſe hed is here not half a mile fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> maine ſea, by the compaſſing thereof as it runneth in Tor bay.</p> <p>The riuer of Dart, commeth out of Dart<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>more fiftene miles aboue Totneſſe,<note place="margin">Dart or Darmour.</note> in a very large plot, and ſuch another wild moriſh and forreſtye grounde as Exmore is. Of it ſelfe moreouer this water is very ſwift, & thorow occaſion of Tinworkes whereby it paſſeth, it carieth much ſand to Totneſſe bridge, and ſo choketh the depth of the riuer downeward, that the hauen it ſelfe is almoſt ſpoiled by the ſame. The mariners of Dartmouth accompt this to be about a kenning fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Plimmouth. In the valley alſo betwéene Corneworthy & Aſheprempto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>,<note place="margin">Humber<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton.</note> runneth a brooke called Hum<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>berton or Herburne. This water commeth out of a Welſpring, & ſo running about two myles, it paſſeth thorow a ſtone bridge called Roſt, two myles from Totneſſe. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> thence moreouer, after it hath gone other two miles it commeth to Bow bridge, and there falleth into a ſaltwater créeke, which gathereth in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to the lande out of the hauen of Dartmouth. This créeke at the head breaketh for a little way into two armes, whereof the one goeth vp to Bow bridge, and receyueth Humber<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton water (as I ſaide) y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> other toward Corne<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>worthy fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> whence vnto Dartmouth, is a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bout foure myles. Finally about halfe a mile aboue Dartmouth towne,<note place="margin">Olde <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> creke.</note> there is another Créeke going out of the maine ſtreame cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led Olde mill créeke, ſo ſarre as I can learne by the rumor of the countrey.</p> <p>About ſeuen myles by weſt ſouthweſt fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Dartmouth lyeth Saltcomb hauen,<note place="margin">Sal<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> ſome<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>what barred: & not much aboue the heade of it is Arme hauen, the backewater whereof commeth vnder Yuy & Armington bridges,<note place="margin">Arme.</note> and ſo vnto the ſea at this place, which is full of flattes and rockes, ſo that no ſhippe com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth thither in any tempeſt, except it be for<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ced thereto, thorowe the vttermoſt extremitie and deſperate hazarde of the fearefull mari<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ners. King <hi rend="text">Phillip of Caſtile</hi> loſt two ſhippes here in the dayes of king <hi rend="text">Henry</hi> the ſeuenth, when he was dryuen to lande in the Weſt cou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>trey by rage of weather. Vnto Armouth alſo commeth the Awne water,<note place="margin">Awne.</note> after it hath paſſed by Eaſt Brenton and Gare bridges, and not farre from the fall of this, lyeth the Yawlme mouth ſo called of a ryuer whych co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>meth thither fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Le bridg to Yalme bridg,<note place="margin">Yalme.</note> & falleth into the ſea, about 4. miles by ſouth eaſt, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the maine ſtreame of Plimmouth.</p> <p>Being come to the Plimmoth,<note place="margin">Plim.</note> I finde that the mouth of the goulfe wherin the ſhips of this towne doe ride, is walled on eche ſide and chained ouer in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> time of neceſſitie. On y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſouth ſide of the haue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> alſo is a blockhouſe vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> a rocky hill, & vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the eaſt ſide of this & Tha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mar hauen, lyeth the Mill baye creke,<note place="margin">Milbaye creke. Stone houſe creke. Caine creke. Shilſt<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Budo<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Tam<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>taue. Torrey Taue.</note> y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſtone creke, Caine Créeke, Shilſto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> créeke (which is two myles of length and wheron ſtandeth a Mill) Buddocks créeke, and laſt of al, Ta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mertaue créeke, ſo called bycauſe of the con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>courſe of the Taue & Tamar waters there. Torrey brooke falleth lykewyſe into Plym, but wher aboutes as now, I haue forgotten. Finally vpon the weſt ſide of the hauen, is a notable créeke alſo entering into the lande a myle or more from the hauen, which being viewed, I went and behelde Thamar hauen on the weſt ſide wherof, I noted theſe crekes.</p> <p>Firſt of all about two myles aboue Aſhe I ſawe the principall arme of Thamar it ſelfe.<note place="margin">Tham<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> Certes it riſeth about thrée myles by North<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eaſt from Hartland, & goeth vp into the land about tenne myles from that place: thence it haſteth to Calſtock bridge, whether it almoſt continually ebbeth and floweth, verye great veſſels co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ming likewyſe within a mike ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of <!--<pb n="24" facs="tcp:29044:32"/>--> vnto Morleham, which is not aboue thrée myles from Tauiſtocke as I reade. Betwixt Thamar ſtreame,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>.</note> and Aſhe: I marked farder more ſayeth Lelande other thrée créekes alſo deſcending, which brake vp into the lande, whereof the firſt lyeth by Northweſt, the ſe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>conde weſt northweſt, the thirde plaine weſt, entering into the country aboue half a mile, and ſcarſely a myle lower, I peruſed in like maner the Liuer créeke,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>.</note> that goeth vp to S. Germains ward. This créeke lyeth 3. myles from the maine ſtreame of Thamar hauen, and riſing in an hill aboue Launſton, it goeth thorow the towne within the walles. In the botome alſo of the Suburbe, is an other na<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>med Aterey,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>erey.</note> which ryſeth aleuen myles of by weſt towarde Bodmin, wherinto runneth a Rill comming thorow a wood before it ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>keth a confluens with the firſt, in deſcending towarde the hauen.<note place="margin">Iohns S. An<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ies</note> Then breaketh in an o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther créeke called S. Iohns, or S. Anthonies Rode, and at the very mouth about S. Ni<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cholas Iſle falleth in the laſt, which goeth vp to Milbrooke, two myles into the lande from the maine hauen. From hence we ſayled far<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>der towarde the weſt (leauing ſalt Aſhe and Seton rillets) and came to the mouth of a riuer called Low,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> wherein Samons are of<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ten founde, & yet is it drie commonly at halfe ebbe. On eche ſyde of the entrye thereof ſtandeth alſo a towne, whereof the one is cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led eaſt Low the other weſt Low, and this is a pretie market towne. A bridge finally of twelue arches doth leade from the one to the other.</p> <p>The next fall after we be paſt one little nameleſſe créeke, that lyeth by the waye, is Poulpyr water,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>lpyr.</note> whereinto commeth a little brooke.<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>.</note> Then méete we with Fawey hauen, whoſe riuer ryſeth at Fawy Moore (about two myles from Camilforde by South, and ſixetene miles from Fawy towne) in a very quaue mire on the ſide of an Hill. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> hence it goeth to Drameſbridge, to Clobha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> bridge, Lergen bridge, New bridge, Reſprin bridge, and Loſtwithiell bridge, where it méeteth with a little brooke, and néere thereunto par<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>teth it ſelfe in twaine. Of theſe two armes therefore one goeth to a bridge of ſtone, the other to another of timber, & ſoone after ioy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ning againe, the maine riuer goeth to Saint Gwinnowes, from the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce alſo the point of S. Gwinnowes wood, which is about half a mile from thence, except my memorie doe fayle me. Here goeth in a Salt créeke halfe a mile on the eaſt ſide of the hauen, and at the heade of it,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>rinus.</note> is a bridge called Lerine bridge. The créeke it ſelf in like maner bearing the ſame denomination. From Lerine créeke, to S. Caracs pill, or créeke,<note place="margin">In y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> myd<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dle of this creke was a cell of S. Cyret in an Iſlet longing ſometime to Moun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tegew a priory.</note> is about halfe a mile and Lower on the eaſt ſide of the ſayd hauen it goeth vp alſo not aboue a mile & an half <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> to the lande. From Caracs créeke to Poul<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>morland a myle, and this likewiſe goeth vp ſeant a quarter of a mile into the land, yet at the heade it parteth it ſelfe in twaine. From Poulmoreland to Bodnecke village halfe a mile where the paſſage and repaſſage is com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>monly to Fawey. From Bodnecke to Pe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lene point (where a créeke goeth vp not fully 1000. paces into the lande) a mile, thence to Poulruan, a quarter of a mile, and at this Poulruan is a tower of force, marching a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gain y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> tower on Fawey ſide, betwene which, as I doe here, a chaine hath ſome times bene ſtretched, & likely inough for the haue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> there is hardly two bowſhotte ouer. The very point of lande at the eaſt ſide of the mouth of this Hauen, is called Pontus croſſe, but nowe Panuche croſſe. It ſhal not be amiſſe in this place ſomewhat to intreate of the towne of Fawy,<note place="margin">Co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>whath.</note> which is called in Corniſh Co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>whath and being ſcituate on the Northſide of the ha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uen, is ſet hanging on a maine rocky hill be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing in length about one quarter of a mile, ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cept my memory deceyue me.</p> <p>The renowne of Fawy roſe by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> wars vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>der King Edward y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> firſt, Edward the third, & Henry the fifth, partly by feates of armes & partly by plaine pyracy. Finally y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> towneſme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> féeling themſelues ſomewhat at eaſe & ſtrong in their purſes, they fell to marchandize, and ſo they proſpered in this their newe deuiſe, that as they traueiled into al places, ſo mar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>chauntes from all countries made reſort to them, whereby within a while they grew to be exceeding riche. The ſhippes of Fawy ſat<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ling on a time by Rhy and Winchelſey in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> time of king Edward the third, refuſed ſtout<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly to vale any bonet there, although warning was giuen them ſo to do by the Portgrenes or rules of thoſe townes. Herevpon the Rie and Winchelſie men, made out vppon them with cut and long taile: but ſo hardly were they intertained by the Fawy Pyrates (I ſhould ſaie aduenturers) that they were dri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uen home againe with no ſmall loſſe and hin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deraunce. Such fauour found the Fawy men alſo immediately vpon this bickering, that in token of their victory ouer their winching ad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uerſaries, and riding Ripiers, as they called them in mockery, they altered their armes and compounded for newe, wherein the ſcut<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>chion of Rie and Winchelſey is quartered, with theirs & beſide this y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Foiens were cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led the gallantes of Fawy,<note place="margin">Gallantes of Fey or Fawy.</note> whereof they not a litle reioyced, and more peraduenture then for ſome greater booty. And thus much of <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:33"/>--> Fawy towne wherin we ſée what great ſuc<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceſſe often commeth of witteleſſe and raſhe adue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tures. But to returne againe to our pur<g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>poſe from whence we haue digreſſed and as hauing ſome deſire to finiſhe vp this our voy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>age, we wil leaue the Fawm<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>uth and go for<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ward on our iourney. Being therefore paſte this hauen, we come to Pennarth which is 2. myles by weſt therof, and ſcituate on the eaſt ſide of Trewardith Baie, called by Leland <hi rend="text">Arctoum</hi> or <hi rend="text">Vrctou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Promontoriu<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> </hi> except his writings do deceiue me. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> hence we came to the blacke head, then to Pentoren a myle farder, and here iſſueth ont a pretye ryuer that commeth by Saint Auſtelles,<note place="margin">Auſtell brooke.</note> about two myles and an halfe from thence, which run<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth vnder Auſtell bridge & vnder the Weſt ſide of the hill whereon the poore towne of S. Auſtelles ſta<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>deth. Thence we ſailed to Chap<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pell land, then to Dudman, to Pennare, and Sainct Antonies point, which is thrée myles from Pennar point, where we make our en<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>trance into the Falamouth hauen, whoſe de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſcription I borowe of Leland and worde for worde will here inſert the ſame.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Fala.</note> The very point (ſaith he) of the haue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> mouth (being an hill whereon the Kyng hath buyl<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ded a caſtell) is called Pendinant. It is about a myle in compaſſe, almoſt enuironned with the ſea, and where the ſea couereth not, the ground is ſo low that it were a ſmall maſtry to make Pendinant an Iland. Furthermore there lieth a cape or foreland within the haue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> a myle and an halfe, and betwixt this and M. Killigrewes houſe, one great arme of the hauen ru<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>neth vp to Penrine towne, which is 3. miles from the very entry of Falemouth hauen, and two good myles from Penfuſis. Moreouer there is Leuine Priſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>lo betwixte S. Budocus and Pendinas,<note place="margin">Leume.</note> which were a good hauen but for the barre of ſande, but to procéede. The firſt creke or arme that caſteth on the Northweſt ſide of Falemouth hauen goeth vp to Perin, and at thende it breaketh into two armes, whereof the leſſe runneth to Glaſenith 1. <hi rend="text">viridis indꝰ,</hi> y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> grene neſt, or wag<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meer at Penrin: the other to ſaint Glunias the pariſhe Church of Penrine. In like ſorte out of eche ſide of Penrine creke, breaketh an arme or euer it come to Penrine. This I vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>derſtande alſo that ſtakes and foundations of ſtone haue béene ſet in the creke at Penrine a litle lower then the wharfe where it brea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>keth into armes: but howſoeuer this ſtandeth betwixte the point of Trefuſis and the point of Reſtronget is Mil<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>r creke,<note place="margin">Milor.</note> which goeth vp a myle into the land and by the churche is a good rode for ſhippes. The nexte creke be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>yonde the point of Reſtronget wood is called Reſtronget which goyng two myles vp into the maine breaketh into two armes.<note place="margin">Reſtron<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>get.</note> In lyke order betwixte Reſtronget and the creke of Trury be two crekes one called S. Feokes,<note place="margin">S. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> S. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> Trury creke.</note> the other Sainct Caie, nexte vnto which is Trury creke that goeth vp about two myles crekyng from the principall ſtreame, & brea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>keth within half a myle of Trury, caſting in a braunche Weſtward euen harde by New<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ham wood. This creke of Trury is deuided into two partes before the towne of Trury, and eche of them hauing a brooke comming downe and a bridge, the towne of Trury ſtandeth betwixte them both. In like ſorte Kenwen ſtreate is ſeuered fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the ſaid towne with this arme, and Clements ſtréete by eaſt with the other. Out of the body alſo of Trury creke breaketh another eaſtwarde a myle from Trury, and goeth vp a myle and an halfe to Treſilian bridge of ſtone. At the very entry and mouth of this creke is a rode of ſhippes called Maples rode and here faught not long ſince. 18. ſhippes of Spaniſhe mar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>chauntes with 4. ſhippes of warre of Depe, but the Spanierdes draue the Frenchemen all into this harborowe. A myle and an halfe aboue the mouth of Trury creke,<note place="margin">Mor<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> </note> is another named Lhan Moran of S. Morans church at ha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d. This creke goeth vp a quarter of a mile from the maine ſtreame into the hauen, as the maine ſtreame goeth vp two myles a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>boue Moran creke ebbing and flowing: and a quarter of a myle higher is the towne of Tre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gowy where we found a bridge of ſtone vpon the Fala ryuer. Fala it ſelfe riſeth a myle or more weſt of Roche hyll & goeth by Graund pount where I ſawe a bridge of ſtone.</p> <p>This Graund pount is four miles fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Roche hill and two litle myles from Tregowy, be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twixt which the Fala taketh his courſe. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Tregowy to paſſe downe by the body of the hauen of Falamouth to the mouth of Lany horne pill or creke, on the ſouth ſide of the ha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uen is a myle, and as I remember it goeth vp halfe a myle from the principall ſtreame of the hauen. From Lanyhorne pill alſo is a place or point of ſande about a myle way of 40. acres or thereabout (as a Peninſula) cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led Ardeue rauter. As for the water or creke that ru<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>neth into the ſouth ſoutheaſt part, it is but a little thing of halfe a myle vp into the land, and the creke that hemmeth in this Pe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ninſula, of both doth ſéeme to be the greater. From the mouth of the Weſt creke of this Peninſula, to S. Iuſtes creke is foure miles or more.<note place="margin">S. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> S. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> In like maner from S. Iuſtes pill or creke (for both ſignifie one thing) to Sainct Mawes creke is a myle and a halfe, and the point betwéen them both is called Pendinas. <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:33"/>--> <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:34"/>--> <!--<pb n="25" facs="tcp:29044:34" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> The creke of Saint Mawes goeth vp a two myles by eaſt northeaſt into the land, and be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſides that it eddeth and <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>oweth ſo far, there is a mylle driuen with a freſhe creke that re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſorteth to the ſame. Halfe a mile from the head of this downewarde to the hauen, is a creke in manner of a poole, whereon is a myll alſo that grindeth with the tyde. And a myle beneath that on the ſouth ſide entreth a creke (about halfe a myle into the countrey) which is barred from the maine ſea by a ſmall ſan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dye banke, and another myle yet lower, is a another litle crekelet: but howe ſoeuer theſe crekes doe runne, certaine it is that y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> bankes of them that belong to Fala are marueilouſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly well woodded, and hitherto Leland, whoſe wordes I dare not alter for feare of corrup<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tion and alteration of his iudgement. Being paſt Falmouth hauen, therfore (as it were a quarter of a myle beyonde Arwennach Ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſter Killegrewes place which ſtandeth on the brimme or ſhore within Falmouth) we came to a litle hauen which ranne vp betwéene two hilles, but it was barred, wherefore we could not learne whether it were ſerued with any backe freſhe water or not. From hence we went by Polwitherall creke (parted into two armes) then to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Polpenrith wherevnto a re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ueret falleth that riſeth not farre from the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>withe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>pen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> and ſo goeth to the maine ſtreame of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> hauen at the laſt, whether the creke reſorteth about thrée myles and more from the mouth of the hauen,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>gun. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>keſtel. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>o<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>s. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ylow. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ng.</note> and into which the water that goeth vnder Gare and Mogun bridges, doe fall in one botome as Lelande hath reported. Vnto this hauen alſo repayreth the Penkeſtell, the Callous y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Cheilow, & the Gilling, although this latter lyeth againſt Saint Mawnons on the hether ſide hard without the hauen mouth if I haue done aright. For ſo motheate<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, moul<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dye, and rotten are thoſe bookes of Leland which I haue, and beſide that, his annotatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s are ſuch and ſo confounded as no man can in maner picke out any ſence from them by a leafe together, wherfore I thinke that he diſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>perſed & made his notes intricate of ſet pur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>poſe, or elſe he was loth that any man ſhould eaſily come by that knowledge by readyng, which he with his great charge and no leſſe traueile attained vnto by experience.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>le.</note> Lopole is two myles in length, and betwixt it and the maine Ocean is but a barre of ſand that ones in thrée or foure yeares, what by weight of the freſhe water and working of the Sea breaketh out, at which time it ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>keth a woonderfull noyſe, but ſoone after the mouth of it is barred vp againe. At all other times the ſuperfluity of the water of Lopole (which is full of Trout and Ele) draineth out thorow the ſandy barre litle the open Sea: Certes if this barre coulde alwayes be kept open, it would make a goodly hauen, vp vnto Hayleſton towne, where coynage of time is alſo vſed, as at Trucy and Lo<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>withlell, for the Quéenes aduauntage. From this place I doe not remember that I founde any more falles or hauens, tyll we paſſed rounde about the cape, and came vnto the Haile,<note place="margin">Heile.</note> which is a pretye riuer, riſing from foure principall heds or brokes, wherof one ſpringeth by ſouth another by ſouthweſt, the thirde by ſoutheaſt,<note place="margin">Sper<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>. Crantock. Rialton.</note> and the fourth by Northeaſt. Alſo we ſaw S. Perins créeke, Crantocke and Rialton, of Heyles Leland ſpeaketh ſomewhat in his col<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lections out of the life of S. Breaca, where he noteth that it is ſpoyled by ſand comming from the Tinne workes. The next great fall of water & greateſt of all that is to be founde on the North ſide of Corinwall, is at Padde<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtow, whether y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Alaune reſorte<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>th.<note place="margin">Alaunus Dunmerus.</note> Of ſome it is nowe called Dunmere, but in olde time it hight commonly <hi rend="text">Alaunus.</hi> Into this ſtreame runne diuers other as the Carneſey (by eaſt) thrée myles lower then Woodbridge:<note place="margin">Carneſey. Laine.</note> y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Laine (which riſeth two myles aboue S. Eſſe by northeaſt, and falleth into Alaune likewiſe a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bout Woodbridge) the Bodmin water, beſide another that commeth from ſouthweſt, and goeth in Alane two myles beneath this con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fluence on the ſame ſide aboue Woodbridge: and finallye the laſt which deſcendeth out of the hilles from ſoutheaſt, and ioyneth with the ſaid riuer two myles aboue Padſtow, as I doe finde by reading. In one place Leland ſaith how he cannot well tell whereabout this riuer doth iſſue out of the grounde, but in an<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>other he ſayth thus of it. The Alune is eui<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dently ſéene to paſſe thorow Wood or Wad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bridge at lowe water, and the firſt bridge of name that it ru<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>neth vnder is called Heſham, the next, Dunmere bridge, & the third Wad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bridge, which is foure myles lower, and the loweſt in déede, that is to be founde on this ſtreame. From Padſtow alſo they ſa<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e full weſt vnto Waterford in Ireland.<note place="margin">Locus. bufonis.</note> There are likewiſe two Rockes which lye in the eaſt ſide of the hauen, ſecretely hidden at full Sea, as two pads in the ſtraw, whereof I thinke it taketh the name. Leland ſuppoſeth this ry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer to be the ſame Camblan, where Arthur fought his laſt and fatall conflict: for to this daie men that doe eare the grounde there, doe oft plowe vp bones of a large ſize, and great ſtore of armour, or els it may be (as I rather coniecture) that the Romanes had ſome field (or <hi rend="text">Caſtra</hi>) thereabout, for not long ſince and in the remembraunce of man, a braſſe pot ful of Romane coyne was found there, as I haue <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:35"/>--> ofte<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> herde.<note place="margin">Depe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hatch. Cunilus.</note> Next vnto this is the Déepehatch & the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the <hi rend="text">Cunilus alias</hi> Portiſſer & Portguin waters, and vpon the Northſide of this creke ſtandeth Tintagell or Dundagiell caſtell, al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>moſt enuironned in manner of an Iſland. Af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter this and being paſt Tredwy, we come vnto the Taw mouth,<note place="margin">Taw.</note> whoſe heade riſeth in Exmore ſoutheaſt from Barſtable, which is a towne fiue myles diſtaunt from the hauens mouth.<note place="margin">Turrege.</note> It receueth alſo y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> water of Turrege, which riſeth 3. miles by northeaſt fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Harte<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land in a moore euen hard by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> principall hed of Thamar. This Thurege commeth firſt to Kiſſington bridge, thence to Pulford bridge, Wadforde bridge, Déepeforde bridge, the South and weſt bridges of Thorington, to Eudford bridge, (which hath 24. arches, and an olde chappel builded thereon vnto the vir<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gin Mary, at the farder end) then two miles lower it falleth into the Thaue, and finallye into the Sauerne ſea, by the hauen mouth. The entrie of the hauen of Thaw is barred wyth ſande and very daungerous, and from the pointe of the hauen mouthe to cutte o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer to Hartey point, is about ſixe or ſeuen miles, a pretie brooke alſo falleth into the ſaid hauen, from the hilles aboue Barſtable, by Eaſt, & going by the Priory. But to procéede from hence we goe to the Minheued or Mine mouth,<note place="margin">Mineus.</note> whoſe backwater entreth into it, af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter it be come from Minheued and Portloch. Then came we to Dour or Dournſteir fall,<note place="margin">Durus.</note> whether commeth a rill, next of all to Clyffe Chappell, where the people honoured an I<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mage of our Ladye with much ſuperſtition, thence two myles to Orcharde, to Comb thrée myles,<note place="margin">Iuel.</note> and next of all vnto the Iuel, a famous ryuer, which deſcendeth by Brad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fielde then by Clyfton (within a quarter of a myle whereof the Shireburn & the Milbrooke waters doe méete, of which the firſt ryſeth in Blackmoore,<note place="margin">Shirburn Milbrooke.</note> the other thrée myle from thence in Milbrooke parke) from Clyfton to Euill a proper market towne in Somerſet<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhyre, thre myles or thereabout from Shire<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>burn: from Euell to Ilcheſter by the bridge thrée myles (taking withall the Cokar,<note place="margin">Cokar.</note> that ryſeth weſt of Cokar, and after thrée myles gate falleth into the Iuell) fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Ilcheſter to Michelborowe, leauing Athelney ſomewhat diſtaunt on the left ſide, then to Lamburne, to Bridge north, Bridge water, and after a time into the Sauerne mouth. Certes it is thought to ryſe in Milbery parke, or ſome<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>where elſe not farre from Shireburne, but the chiefe heade thereof commeth from Coſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>komb. When we are paſt this we come vnto the Axe,<note place="margin">Axe.</note> which runneth by Axe towne, and ſo continueth his courſe braunching in thende, and leauing a fayre Iſlande as it were in the very fal, partly enuironned w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the maine ſea, & partly wyth this riuer. There is moreouer a towne eaſt of this Iſland called in old time Cherin, but now Vphil. Next vnto this is the Stowey mouth ſerued with a backewater,<note place="margin">Stow<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> </note> called Stowey, which ryſeth in the hylles not farre of, and after it hath touched at Stow, it falleth into the ſea, which is ſeue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> miles fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> that place. There are two brookes further<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>more that fal into the ſea, after they haue paſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed betwéene Stow and S. Andrewes, & the thirde runneth not farre from Willington, ryſing by South, but ſithence they are onely tryfling rilles and nameleſſe, I thinke it not good to ſtande any longer about them. Thus are we come at laſt vnto the Auon,<note place="margin">Auon<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> </note> which not farre from his originall, doth enuironne and almoſt make an Iſland of the towne of Mal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meflyry, from thence it goeth vnder Male<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>forde and Caſway bridges, to Choppenham, Bradford, Bath, Briſtow (flowing two miles aboue that citie) and ſoone after into the Sa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uerne, from whence it neuer returneth with<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>out mixture of Salt water. In this ſort haue I finiſhed one part of my Deſcription of the ryuers & ſtreames falling into the ſea, which ſhould haue béene a far more perfite, and ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>act péece of worke, if I had béene ſo vpright<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lye dealt withall in mine informations as I ment to deale preciſely in ſetting downe the ſame, but ſith the matter is ſo fallen out, that I cannot doe as I woulde herein, I muſt be contented to performe what I maye, hoping in time to peruſe and poliſhe it againe that nowe is left rude and without any diligence ſhewed, or order vſed at all therein.</p> </div> <div n="10" type="chapter"> <head>Of the Sauerne ſtreame and ſuch falles of ry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uers as go into the ſea, betweene it and the Humber. Cap. 10.</head> <p>THE Sauerne deuideth Englande or that part of the Iſland,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> which ſometime was called Lhoegres from Cambria, ſo cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led of Camber, the ſecond ſonne of Brute, as our hyſtories doe report. But nowe it height Wales of the Germaine worde Walſhe, wherby that nation doth vſe to call all ſtran<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gers without reſpect of countrie. It tooke the name of a certaine Lady, called <hi rend="text">Habren,</hi> baſe daughter of <hi rend="text">Locrinus</hi> begotten vpon <hi rend="text">Eſtrildes</hi> daughter to Humber king of <hi rend="text">Scythia,</hi> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> per<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> truth Aber<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> called the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> </note> that ſometime inuaded this Iſlande and was o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uerthrowne here, in the dayes of this <hi rend="text">Locri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nus</hi> as ſhall be ſhewed at hande. For after the death of <hi rend="text">Locrinus,</hi> it came to paſſe that Guendolena his wyfe ruled the kingdome in the noneage of hir ſonne, and then getting <!--<pb n="26" facs="tcp:29044:35"/>--> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>. Of the drowning of the ſayde <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> I finde theſe verſes inſuing.</p> <q xml:lang="lat"> <l>In fl<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>uium praecipit atur Abien,</l> <l>Nomen Abien fl<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>uio de virgine<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> </l> <l>Nomino <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>r<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>pto deinde Sabrina lat<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>.</l> </q> <p>But to returne to our Sauerne, it ſpringeth from the high mountaines of ſouth Wales, called in Welche Plim Limmon in latine <hi rend="text">Plimmon<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> </hi> in Engliſhe the Blacke moun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>taines, & out of the ſame head with the Wye, where it hath in Latitude as ſome geſſe 52. degrées and <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>9 minutes, and in <hi rend="text">longitude</hi> 15. and 5<g ref="char:punc">▪</g>0. From he<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>e it <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>onneth to Catr Lew<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> (famous in nune, but in déede a poore throwfaire from Ma<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>encliffe) then to Lani<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>las, to Newton (or Trenewith) to Ar<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>iſtle, to Leueden, then within a myle of Mounte<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gomery to the Welche poole, thence wythin half a mile of Pon<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ibery Colledge to Shroſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bury, and ſo to bridge North, receyuing ſun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dry brookes and waters by the way, of which the Cerlon or Serlo ſéemeth to be the grea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>teſt,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>rlon.</note> and whereby the chanell thereof is not a little increaſed. From Bridgenorth it encli<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth toward y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſouth vnto Worceſter where<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> about it receyueth other ſtreames, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>s the Teme on the Weſt halfe a myle beneath Worceſter,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>me.</note> not farre from Powike Milles. And another in the Eaſt, comming fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Staf<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>forde, and ſo holding one towarde Gloceſter,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>on.</note> méeteth with the Auon not farre from Theo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>keſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>yry, and from whence they come both as one to Gloceſter, as mine informacion doth ſerue me. Here gathering agayne ſomewhat toward the weſt,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> it paſſeth by weſt of Deane, where it meteth with the Wy, which is none of the leaſt famous of all thoſe that mixe the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſelues wyth Sauerne.<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>uge.</note> Being alſo great<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lye enlarged with the Wylow or Wi<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>inghe (another great ſtreate ſtreame increaſed by the Geuenni, and another) it goeth vnto the Holmes, where after it hath mette in the meane ſeaſon with ſundry other brookes, it falleth into the maine ſea, betwéene Wales and Cornewall, which is and ſhalbe called the Sauerne ſea, ſo long as Sauerne ryuer doth hold and kéepe hir name. But as the ſaid ſtreame in length of courſe bounty of water and depth of chanell commeth farre behinde the Thames, ſo for other commodities as <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> veſſels on the ſame.</p> <p>The <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> Wy,<note place="margin">Wy mouth</note> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> myles ouer (ſayth Leland) or <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>lſe my <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> doth faile me.</p> <p>This ryuer Guy or Wy beginneth as I ſayde before on the ſide of the hilles,<note place="margin">Guy <hi rend="text">alias</hi> Wy.</note> where the Sauerne doth ariſe, and paſſing thorowe We<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>elande, doeth fall into the Sauerne beneath Chepſto at the aforeſayde place.</p> <p>Lelande writing of this ryuer ſayeth thus, the Wy goeth thorowe all Herefordſhyre by Bradwerden Caſtell (belonging to Syr Ri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>charde <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>) & ſo to Hereforde eaſt,<note place="margin">Vmber a fiſhe onely in the Wy.</note> thence eyght myles to Roſſe a market towne in Herefordſhyre, and in this ryuer be Vmbers otherwyſe called graylinged.</p> <p>Next vnto this is the Aberwiſh, or Wyſke whereon Caerleon ſtrandeth ſometime,<note place="margin">Wiſke.</note> cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led Cheſter. This riuer ryſeth in the blacke mountaines, tenne myles aboue Brechnoch towarde Cairmardine, and runneth thorow the great and litle forreſt of Brechnoch, then it goeth by Redwin bridge, to Breckenock, Penkithly, Cregh<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ell, Aberg<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ue<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>nt, Vſke, Carleon, Newporte, and ſo vnto the ſea, ta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>king withall the Ebowith.<note place="margin">Ebowith.</note> This Ebowith is a riuelet ryſing flat North, in a mountaine of high Wenſlande, and going ſtreight from thence into Diffrin Serowy vale, it falleth into the Vſke or Wiſke, a myle and a halfe beneath Newporte, from whence likewyſe it is vnto the hauen mouth of Wiſke about half a mile more. But to procede withour Wiſke. Certes this riuer is famous and vpon ſome partes of the lower bankes eſpecially about Carleon is much Romaine Coyne found, of all maner of ſortes, as men eare and digge the grounde. Furthermore this ſtreame is one of the greateſt in Southwales and huge ſhips might well come to the towne of Car<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leon, as they did in the time of the Romaines if Newport bridge were not a let vnto them. <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:36" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> Neuertheleſſe bigge bo<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>es come thereto. It is eyght Welche or tw<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>l<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e Engliſhe myles from Chepſtow or Strigull, and of ſome thought to be in Bace Wencelande, though other be of the contrarie opinion. But howſo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>euer the matter ſtandeth, this ryuer is taken to be the bo<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ds of Brechnockſhyre, as Ren<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ni is to midle Wenceland and Glamorgan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhyre.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Remenei, or Remni.</note>The next riuer vnto Vſke or Wiſke is cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led <hi rend="text">Remenei</hi> or Remni, whoſe heade is thrée or foure myles aboue Eggluis Tider Vap Hoell (otherwyſe called <hi rend="text">Fanum Theodori,</hi> or the Church of <hi rend="text">Theodorus</hi>) whence come ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nye ſprings, & taking one botome, the water is called Kayach. It is alſo augmented with the Riſca brooke, comming vnto it out of a Paroche called Eggluis Ilan, and then al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>togither named Riſca.<note place="margin">Riſca.</note> Thence running tho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rowe Bedwes Paroche, it is called Renmy or Remeny and ſo continueth vntill it come at the Sauerne. The fall therof alſo is not a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>boue ſixe myles from the ryuer Wiſke. Al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>though that for ſhippes it be nothing commo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dious. It is more ouer a limite betwéene the Silures and Glamorganſhyre.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Taffe.</note> From the mouth of Renni, to the mouth of Taffe are two myles. Thys ryuer is the greateſt in all Glamorganſhyre, and the ci<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tie Taffe it ſelfe of good countenaunce, ſith it is endued with the Cathedrall ſea of a Bi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhop. The head of this water co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>meth downe from Wooddy hilles, and often bringeth ſuch logges and bodyes of trées withal fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> thence, that they fruſh the bridge in péeces, but for aſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>much as it is made of tymber, it is repayred with leſſe coſt, whereas if it were of harde ſtone all the countrie thereabouts would not be able to amende it. Into this ſtreame alſo falleth Lhay,<note place="margin">Lhay.</note> which deſcendeth (but more ea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſterly) from the ſame hilles and it méeteth with all beneath Landaffe, that ſtandeth al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>moſt euen at the verye confluence, and thus ſayeth Lhoyd, but Lelande noteth it other<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wyſe. In like ſorte the Taffe receyueth the Rodney Vaur,<note place="margin">Rodeney vaur, Rodeny vehan.</note> and Rodeney Vehan, in one botome, which ſpring in the Lordſhip of Glin Rodeney within two miles togither. Of theſe alſo the Rodeney Vaur ryſeth by Northweſt in a great high rocke, called Driſſiog. Rode<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ney Vehan iſſueth a myle aboue caſtell Noſe (by northweſt alſo) but néerer towarde Myſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ken Lordſhip, ſo that the Rodney Vaur head and ſtreame lieth more weſt vp into Wales. As for Caſtell Noſe, it is but a highe ſtonye Cragge in the toppe of a hil: but to procéede. Rodeney Vaur runneth vnder a bridge of wood a myle from Penriſe, then to Ponte Kemmeis two myles lower, and a little be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neath is the confluence. There be alſo two ſmall bridges on Rodeney Vehan of w<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>d, whereof the firſt is agaynſt P<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>r<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſe thrée quarters of a myle of, the other a little aboue the conflue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce right againſt the bridg on Rod<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ney Vaur. There is a bridg of wood alſo vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the whole ſtreame two myles beneath the ſayde confluence, called Pont Newith, and a quarter of a mile from the place where it go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth into Taffe.</p> <p>From Taffe to Lay mouth or Ele ryuer a mile, from Lhay mouth (or rather Penarth,<note place="margin">Lhay.</note> that ſtandeth on the Weſt poynt of it) to the mouth of Thawan ryuer (from whence is a co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>mon paſſage ouer vnto Mineheued in So<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>merſetſhyre of ſeuentene myles) are about ſeuen Welche myles,<note place="margin">Thawan<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> </note> which are counted af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter this maner. A myle and a halfe aboue Thawan is Scylley Hauenet,<note place="margin">Scylley.</note> (a pretie ſuc<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cour for ſhippes) whoſe heade is in Wenno paroche two myles & a halfe from the ſhore. From Scilley mouth to Aber Barry a mile,<note place="margin">Barry.</note> and thither commeth a little ryll of freſh wa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter into Sauerne, whoſe head is ſcant a myle of in playne grounde by Northeaſt,<note place="margin">This I went 50. yeres <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> for 10. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>.</note> & right a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gainſt the fall of this becke lyeth Barry Iſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande a flight ſhotte from the ſhore at the full ſea. Halfe a myle aboue Aber Barry is the mouth of Come kydy,<note place="margin">Com <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> which ryſeth flat north fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the place where it goeth into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Sauerne & ſerueth oft for herbor vnto ſea farers. The<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce to the mouth of Thawan are 3. myles, wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>vnto ſhippes may come at will. Two myles aboue Thawan is Colhow,<note place="margin">Colhow.</note> whether a little rill reſorteth from Lau Iltuit, thence to the mouth of Alen foure myles,<note place="margin">Alen.</note> that is a myle to S. Dynothes Caſtell, and thrée myles fur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>der. The Alen riſeth by northeaſt vp into the lande at a place, called Lhes Broimith, or Skyrpton, about foure myles aboue the plot where it commeth by it ſelfe into Sauerne. From thence to the mouth of Ogur <hi rend="text">alias</hi> Gur thrée miles.<note place="margin">Ogur.</note> Then come they in proceſſe of tyme vnto the Kenſike or Colbrooke ryuer which is no great thing,<note place="margin">Kenſike.</note> ſith it ryſeth not a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>boue 3. myles fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the ſhore. From Kenſike to Aber Auon two myles,<note place="margin">Auon.</note> and herein doe ſhips moleſted with weather oftentimes ſéeke her<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>borow. It commeth of two armes, whereof that which lyeth Northeaſt is called Auon Vaur, the other that lyeth Northweſt Auon Veha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>. They méete togither at Lhanuoy He<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gle, about two myles aboue Aber Auon vil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lage, which is two myles alſo from the ſea. From hence to the Neth is about two miles and a halfe,<note place="margin">Neth.</note> thereon come ſhiplettes al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>moſt to the towne of Neth fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the Sauerne. From the mouth of Neth vnto the mouth of Crimline becke is two miles, and being paſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed <!--<pb n="27" facs="tcp:29044:36" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> the ſame we come vnto the Tauy,<note place="margin">Tauy.</note> which deſcendeth from the aforeſayd hilles and fal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leth into the Sea by Eaſt of Swanſey. Be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>yng paſt this wée come vnto the Lichwr, or Lochar mouth and then glyding by the Wormes head,<note place="margin">Lochar. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>andres.</note> we paſſed to the Wandreſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mouth, whereof I finde this deſcription fol<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lowing in Lelande.<note place="margin">Vendraith <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>aur Ve<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>raith Ve<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>a.</note> Both Vendraith, Vaur & Ve<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>draith Vehan, ryſe in a péece of Carmar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dineſhyre, called Iſſekenen, that is to ſay, the lowe quarter about Kennen ryuer, and be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twixt the heades of theſe two hitles, is ano<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther hill, wherein be ſtones of a gréeniſh cou<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lour, whereof the inhabitauntes make theyr Lime. The name of the hyll that Vendraith Vaur ryſeth in, is called Mennith Vaur, and therein is a poole as in a moriſh ground, na<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>med Lhintegowen, where y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> principall ſpring is, & thys hyll is eight or nyne myles fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Kid<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>welli. The hyll that Vendraith Vehan ſprin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>geth out of, is called Mennith Vehan, & thys water commeth by Kydwelly towne. But a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bout thrée or foure myles, eare it come thy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther, it receyueth a brooke, called Treſgyrth the courſe wherof is little aboue a myle from the place where it goeth into Vendraith, and yet it hath foure or fiue turking milles and thrée Corne milles vppon it. At the heade of this brooke is an hole in the hilles ſide, where men often enter and walke in a large ſpace. And as for the brooke it ſelfe, it is one of the moſt plentifull and commodious that is to be founde in Wales. All along the ſides alſo of Vendraith Vaur, you ſhall finde great plen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tye of Seacoles. There is a great hole by heade of Vendraith Vehan, where men vſe to enter into vaultes of great compaſſe, and it is ſayde, that they may go one way vnder the grounde to Wormes head, and another waye to Cairkennen caſtell, which is thrée myles or more vnto the lande. But how true theſe things are it is not in me to determine, yet this is certaine, that there is very good Hawking at the Heron in Vendraith Veha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>. There are dyuers printes of the paſſage of certaine Wormes alſo in the Caue, at the head of Ve<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>draith Vehan, as the inhabitants doe fable, but I neuer heard of any man that ſaw any Worme there, and yet it is beléeued that many Wormes are there.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Tow, or Towy.</note>Being paſt this, we came to the Abertowy or mouth of the Towz. This riuer ryſeth in the mountaines of Elinith foure myles by ſouth from Lintiue in a moriſh grounde, 24. miles from Carmardyn and in a forreſt cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led Biſhops forreſt midway betwixt Land<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wybreuy & Landanuery caſtell. For fiſh this is much better in mine opinion, the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the Taw or Taffe, whoſe head breadeth no fiſhe, but if any be caſt into it, they turne vp their bellies and die out of hande. Into this riuer alſo fal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leth one called Guthrike,<note place="margin">Guthrijc.</note> not farre fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Lan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>donuery towne, which is two and twentye myle fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the head of Towy. In like ſort the Kenen ryuer falleth into the Towy about Landilouaur,<note place="margin">Kenen.</note> which is two m<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>es higher vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Towy, the Dinefur caſtel & the whole courſe of this water is not aboue thrée myles.<note place="margin">Brane.</note> The Brane (another ryuer alſo) after it hath run from the head by the ſpace of 12 myles doth come hard by the foote of Landonuery caſtel, and taking with it the Euery, they fall togi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther into the Towz, a little beneath the Ca<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtell.<note place="margin">Euery.</note> Thys Euery runneth through the mid<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deſt of Landanuery towne. Beneath La<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>dan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uery in like ſorte another brooke called Mar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leis, falleth into the Towy, and foure myles beneath the ſame two other, of which the one is called <hi rend="text">Nonneis.</hi> <note place="margin">Nonneis.</note> Foure miles alſo from A<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bermarleis or the place where Towy & Mar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leis doe méete (towarde Carmardine) run<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth the riuer Duleſſe, which ſoone after fal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leth alſo into Towy. Furthermore 2. miles beneath the fall of Duleſſe, there is another, and thrée or foure myles beyonde this, is the ſeconde Duleſſe, & eache of them after other fall into the ſaide ryuer, but this latter about Driſlan Caſtell, as Lelande hath deſcrybed the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>. Procéeding yet further ſtill toward Car<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mardine, our ſayde ſtreame goeth by Landi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtupham Caſtell, and alſo into the ſea, about thrée myles beyonde Driſlan Caſtell. Alſo he confeſſeth moreouer, that he ſawe the fall of Cothey, a fayre ryuer, into the ſayd ſtreame, & this was within foure myles of Carmar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dine, wherof I ſpake before.<note place="margin">Cothey.</note> The Cothey ri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſeth thrée myles fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Landanbreui vnder the hulke of Blaine Icorne, which is a narrowe paſſage, and therein marueylous heapes of ſtones.</p> <p>The next riuer we came vnto vpon the coſt is called Taue,<note place="margin">Taue.</note> whoſe head runneth alſo from the blacke mountaines at a place thrée miles from Cardigan called Preſſelen, thence it goeth by Saint Clares, and as it haſteth to<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ward the ſea,<note place="margin">Gowe.</note> it taketh the ryuer Gowe with it, which riſeth at Blaincowen two myles or more aboue the bridge.<note place="margin">Duddery. Barth<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>kinni. Morlais.</note> Then the Duddery ryuer, and Barthkinni ſtreame, Venny & Morlais. Next of all come we to Milford ha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uen,<note place="margin">Dugledu,</note> wherunto two ryuers direct their courſe from the Northeaſt called Dugledu or the two ſwordes and betwéene them both is a <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> which they cal alſo Cultlell (that is to ſay) the knyfe,<note place="margin">Cultlell.</note> wereof riſeth a merry tale of a welch<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>man that lying in this place abrode all night in the colde weather,<note place="margin">☜</note> he was demaunded of his hoſteſſe (where he did breake his faſte the <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:37"/>--> next morrowe) at what Inne he laye in the night precedent, bycauſe he came ſo ſoone to hir houſe ere any of hir maydes were vp. Oh good hoſteſſe (quod he) be contented I laye to night in a daungerous eſtate for I ſlepte be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twéene two ſwordes with a long knife at my hart, meaning in déede that he lay betwéene theſe two ryuers, and his breaſt towards the South néere to the heade of Cultlell. But to paſſe ouer theſe ieſtes, here Leland ſpeaketh of a ryuer called Gwyly,<note place="margin">Gwyly.</note> but where it ryſeth or falleth he maketh no certaine report: wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore it is requiſite that I procéede according to my purpoſe. Beyng therfore paſſe this ha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uen and point of <hi rend="text">Demetia</hi> in caſting aboute the coaſte we come to Saint Dewies, or S. Dauyds land,<note place="margin">S. Dewy or Dauid all one.</note> which I reade to be ſeperated from the reſt of the countrey much after this manner, although I graunt that there maye be an dare diuers other litle créekes, betwixt Newgale and Saint Dauys head, & betwixt S. Dauys and Fyſchard, beſide thoſe that are here mencioned out of a Regiſter of that houſe.</p> <p>As we turne therefore from Milford, S. Dauys land beginneth at Newgall,<note place="margin">Newgall.</note> a créeke ſerued with a backe freſhe water. Howbeit there is a Baye before this créeke betwixt it and Milford. From hence about foure miles is Saluache créeke,<note place="margin">Saluach.</note> otherwiſe called Saue<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rach, whether ſome freſhe water reſorteth: y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> mouth alſo thereof is a good reſcue for Ba<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lingers as it (I meane the regiſter) ſayth. Thence go we to Portclais 3. myles where is a litle portlet,<note place="margin">Portclais. Alen.</note> whether the Alen that com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth thorowe Sainte Dewies cloſe doth runne.</p> <p>It lyeth a myle ſouthweſt fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> S. Dewies, Saint Stinans Chappell alſo is betwéene Portclais,<note place="margin">Portmaw Maw.</note> and Portmaw. The next is Porte Maw, where I founde a great eſtuary into the lande.<note place="margin">Pendwy.</note> The Pendwy halfe a mile from y<hi rend="sup">e</hi>: Land Vehan is 3. myles fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Pendwy,<note place="margin">Lanueha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>.</note> where is a ſalt créeke,<note place="margin">Tredine.</note> then to Tredine thrée myles, where is another créeke to Langunda,<note place="margin">Langu<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>da.</note> foure miles, and another créeke is there in like ſort where fyſher men catche Herring.<note place="margin">Fiſchard.</note> Here alſo the Gwerne riuer deuideth Penbidianc from Fiſcherdine Kemmeis land. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Langunda to Fiſchard at the Gwerne mouth 4. myles,<note place="margin">Gwerne.</note> & here is a portlet or hauenet alſo for ſhippes. and thus much of Saint Dauids lande. Be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſides this alſo Leland in a third booke talketh of Linnes and Pooles, but for as much as my purpoſe is not to ſpeake of Lakes & Lhinnes, I paſſe them ouer as haſting to the Teify, in latine <hi rend="text">Tibius,</hi> which is the nexte ryuer that ſerueth for my purpoſe.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Teyfy.</note>The Teyfy therfore is a right noble ryuer, as anye in Wales,<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Caſtor<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </hi> Englan<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> fraught with delicate Samons, and herein onely of all the ryuers in Englande is the <hi rend="text">Caſtor</hi> or Beuer to bée founde. It aryſeth foure myles from Strat<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fleur out of a Poole called Lhintiue, lying on the Weſt ſide of the blacke mountaines (as the Sauerne doth ſpring out from by eaſt of them) & holding on with the ordinary courſe,<note place="margin">Fleure.</note> it commeth at laſte to Stradfleur, where it méeteth with a brooket called the Fleure or Flere. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> hence it procéedeth on vnto Tre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>garon, Bruy, Landfur, Glydois, Budhair, Emlin, Kilgarran, & ſo to Cardigon, which ſtandeth on the farder ſide as we go towarde the foreſaid ryuer from by ſouth. Certes this ryuer which we nowe diſcribe, goeth in man<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ner plaine Weſt, till we come within ſyxe myles of Cairmardine, and then returneth toward the North, ſo goyng on till it come at Abertiwy, or Aberteify, as it is moſt co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>mon<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly called. It deuideth Pembrooke from Car<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>digan or Cereticanſhere, as Leland ſetteth it downe.</p> <p>Beyng paſte the Tewe or Teify we came to Aberayron,<note place="margin">Ayron.</note> ſo called of the ryuer Ayron which there falleth into the Maine, 3. myles beneath Lanclere. It ryſeth alſo in a moun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>taine, percel of the blacke hilles, by a chappel called Blaine Penial, belonging to Landwy Breui, but it is in Cardigon ſhire ouer Tiue and aboute three or foure myles from Tiue banckes.<note place="margin">Arth.</note> Next vnto this as I remember we paſſed by Aberarth where was a pretye ſtreamelet & ſome ſlender harborow. And the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> we came to another water which falleth into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſea beneath Riſthide (neither of them being<note place="margin">Ris.</note> of any great length from their heades) and ſo vnto A<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>eryſtwith which yſſueth in a marſhe<note place="margin">Yſtwich.</note> called Blaine Wythe (ſo farre as I remem<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber) and runneth about 13. or 14. myles tyll it come at laſt into the ſea.<note place="margin">Meleuen</note> It taketh withal by the waye alſo firſt the Meleuen and then the Rhedhol,<note place="margin">Redol.</note> a ryuer nothing inferiour vnto Yſtwith it ſelfe, with whome it maketh his confluence aboue Badarne, and in a large bo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tome goeth ſoone after into the ſea.</p> <p>Hence we went vnto the Wy whoſe heade commeth from the ſouth part of Snowdony by Mowdheuy Mathan laith,<note place="margin">Wy.</note> and in this his courſe moreouer he ſéemeth to parte Northe Wales and South Wales in ſunder. It is called in latine <hi rend="text">Deuus,</hi> in Welſhe Dyfy, but how it came to be called Wy in good ſoothe it is not found. It receyueth alſo the Alen which co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>meth from the vpper part of Cormeryſt<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>with in Cardigonſhyre, out of the blaine, and taketh alſo with it the Clardwyn, a brooke yſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſuing about a myle from Cragnawlin and as it holdeth on the courſe it receyueth the <!--<pb n="28" facs="tcp:29044:37"/>--> Clardwy which ſpringeth vp halfe a myle from the Clardue head (another gullet like<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wiſe falling from y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Rocky hilles into Clard<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wy) and ſo goyng together foure miles far<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>der they fall into the Allen. Finally after all theſe haue as it were played together in one or moe bottomes among the pleaſant Mea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dowes and lower groundes, by the ſpace of ſixe myles, vnder y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> name of Alen, they beate at the laſt vpon the Wy and accompany him directly vnto the Ocean.</p> <p>After this we paſſed by Aberho, ſo named of the Riuer Ho, that falleth therein to the ſea and commeth thether from y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Alpes or hilles of Snowdony. From hence we ſayled by Abermawr or mouth of Mawr,<note place="margin">Mawr.</note> which com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth in like ſorte from Snowdony, and ta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>keth diuers Ryuers with him whoſe names I doe not know.<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>rtro.</note> Then vnto y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Artro a brooke deſcending from thoſe hilles alſo, and falling into the ſea a myle aboue the Harleche. Next of al we behold the Gleſſe Linne that parteth Caernaruon from Merio<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>nneth ſhyre, and ſo came vnto Traith Vehan, betwixte which two, and Traith Mawr ru<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>neth a litle brooke thorowe the wharfe of Traith Mawr at the low water as I read. Theſe 2 Traiths are y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> mouthes of two faire ſtreames, wherof the moſt Southerly is called Mawy,<note place="margin">Mawy. Ferles,</note> the other Ferles, eche of them I ſaye deriuing his ori<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ginall water from Snowdony, as diuers o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther brookes haue done already before them. Of theſe alſo y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> firſt paſſeth by diuers lakes, although I doe not well knowe the names of anye one of them. From Traith mawr to Chrychet are three myles,<note place="margin">Crichet.</note> where alſo is a lit<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tle rill ſerued with ſundrye waters. Then come we vnto the Erke,<note place="margin">Erke.</note> a pretye brooke diſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cending fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Madrijn hilles. Then caſting a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bout toward the ſouth (as the coaſt lyeth) we ſawe the Aberſoch or mouth of the Soch ry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer vppon our right handes,<note place="margin">Soch.</note> in the mouthe whereof lye two Iſlandes, of which the more Northerly is called Tudfall and the other Penrijn as Leland did obſerue. After this, goyng about by the point we come to Daron Ryuer,<note place="margin">Daron.</note> wherevppon ſtandeth Aberdaron a quarter of a mile fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the ſhore betwixt Aber<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>daro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> and Vortigernes vale, where the com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>paſſe of the ſea gathereth in a heade and en<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>treth at both endes:<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>euenni.</note> The<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> come we to Venni brooke which runneth by Treuenni, and is about 12. myles of from Aberdaron. Then iij. miles of to Egluis Epiſtle, whether com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth a little brooke or rill from Gwortheren Rocke, which ſome call Vortigernes Vale. From hence alſo 3. myles further, we come to Lhanhelerion and then foure myles to Cluniock, and finally to Clunio<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>k Vaur Ar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uon, where is a little rillet, & a myle or more farder is another that goeth to the mayne ſea. Here in following Lelande as I doe for the moſt part in all this Treatize where he kéepeth any order at all (for his notes, are ſo diſperſed in his Come<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>taries y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> one of them is ſometimes is 6.8. or 20. leaues from another, and many of them penned after a contrarye ſort) I finde theſe wordes. There is a brooke beyonde Aberleuenni goyng by it ſelfe into the ſea: there be alſo two brookes betwéene Gurnwy or Gwyrfay and Skeuerneck, as Golaid and Semare Poole:<note place="margin">Golaide. Semer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>poole. Sother. Menley.</note> Sowther créeke alſo is the verye pointe of Abermenley, by which notes as I finde not what he ſaith, ſo the remembraunce of them may helpe better againſt the next publication of this booke: to procéede therefore in ſuch order as I may.</p> <p>Leuenni is a great brooke ryſing 4. mile aboue the place, where it falleth into the ſea,<note place="margin">Leuen.</note> Leuen brooke co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>meth into the ſea two miles aboue Skeuernocke:<note place="margin">Skeuer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nocke.</note> Skeuernocke a little brooke ſixe myles aboue Aberſaint. Auo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Gur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nay commeth thorowe pontnewith bridge, and after into Meney at South Crock, two myles of Cladwant brooke,<note place="margin">Cladwant</note> and ryſing thrée myles from thence it commeth thorow the towne bridge of Carnaruon and goeth by it ſelfe into Meney arme, ſo that Carnaruon ſtandeth betwéene two riuers. Botes alſo do come to Cadwan. The name of Abermeney is not paſſing a myle aboue Carnaruon, and yet ſome cal it Meney, til you come to Poul<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tell. Then come we to Cair Arfon or Cair<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>naruon, Gwiniwith mirith (or horſe brooke) two myles from Moylethon, and it ryſeth at a well ſo called full a myle from thence. Moylethon is a bowe ſhotte from Aber<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>powle, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> whence ferry botes go to the Ter<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mone or Angleſy. Aberpowle runneth three myles into the lande,<note place="margin">Coute.</note> and hath his head foure myles beyonde Bangor in Meney ſhore: and here is a little comming in for botes bending into the Meney.<note place="margin">Gegyne.</note> Aber Gegeyne commeth out of a mountaine a myle aboue,<note place="margin">Torron<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nen. Ogwine.</note> and Bangar (thorow which a rillet called Torronne<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> hath his courſe) almoſt a myle aboue it. Aber Og<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wine is two miles aboue y<hi rend="sup">t</hi>. It ryſeth at Tale linne Ogwine poole fiue myles aboue Ban<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gor in the eaſt ſide of Withow.<note place="margin">Auon.</note> Aber Auon is two myles aboue A<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>erogwene, and it ryſeth in a Poole called Lin man Auon thrée myles of. Auon Lan var Vehan ryſeth in a moun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>taine thereby,<note place="margin">Lanuar Vehan. Duege<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uelth.</note> and goeth into the ſea 2. miles aboue Duegeuelth. Auon Duegeuelth is thre myles aboue Conwey, which ryſing in the mountaines a myle of, goeth by it ſelfe into Meney ſalt arme. On the ſaide ſhore alſo ly<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth Penmaine, and this brooke doth runne <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:38"/>--> betwixte Penmaine Maur, and Penmaine Vehan. It ryſeth about 3. myles from Pen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ma<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>lon hilles which lye aboute 60. myles from Conwey abbaie nowe diſſolued. On the Northe and Weſt of this ryuer ſtandeth the towne of Conwey, which taketh his name therof. This riuer receaueth y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Lhigwy a pre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ty ſtreame that commeth from by weſt & ioi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth with al a little aboue the Riſt but on the Weſt bancke.<note place="margin">Lighwy.</note> The Lighwy alſo taketh ano<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther with him that commeth from by ſouth. After this we come to the Gele whereon A<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bergele ſtandeth,<note place="margin">Gele.</note> and it runneth thorowe the Canges: then vnto the Roſe or Ros and next of all to the mouth of a great hauen, wherin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to the Clude which co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>meth from the ſouth,<note place="margin">Cluda. Elwy.</note> and the Elwy that deſcendeth from y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Weſt, doe emptie their chanelles, & betwixte which two the pontificall ſea of Bangor is ſcituate verye pleaſantly and not farre of from the point.<note place="margin">Alode.</note> Into Elwy runneth the Alode deſcen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding from Lhin Alode eyght myles from Denbighe and goyng by Lhan Sannan, it falleth into the Elwy in Lhan Heueth pariſh which is ſixe myles aboue Saint Aſaph. Le<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>la<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d calleth it Aleth.<note place="margin">Clue doch</note> Into Clude alſo runneth Clue Doch foure miles lower by water then Ruthine towne: on the Weſt ſide likewyſe the Vſtrate,<note place="margin">Vſtrate.</note> that commeth within halfe a myle by ſouth of Denbighe and goeth into Clude almoſt againſt Denbighe towne. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> hence to my remembraunce, and before we come to Aber Dée or the mouth of the Dée I finde no Riuer of any countenaunce,<note place="margin">Dea.</note> where<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore I will haſt forth to the deſcription of that ſtreame. It ryſeth of ſundy-heades ſouthweſt from Lintegy or Lin Tegnis, in the countie of Penthlin wherevnto within a while they reſort and direct their courſes, and there ioy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ning in one Channell, it commeth almoſt by Bala a poore market towne. Then going ſtil by the ſide of Yale it paſſeth to Berwin, where it méeteth with a rill, afterwardes to Corwen a little by Southweſt wherof, it re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceaueth the Alwijn a noble ſtreame which commeth from the Northweſt out of a Lyn lying on the other ſyde of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame hilles wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>in the Alode riſeth,<note place="margin">Alwijn.</note> and not onely taketh ſun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dery ryuerets and rilles withall as it goeth, but alſo runneth with great ſwiftneſſe tyll it be ioyned with the ſame. From Corwen it goeth to Gellon, and a fewe myles beneath Gellon it méeteth with the Kyriog, then the Wrerham rill,<note place="margin">Kyriog. Alin.</note> and finally the Alyn whoſe crinkeling ſtreames diſcende from a Lin in the Stradlin hilles, and goyng firſt North eaſt vnto Mold or Gwidgruc, the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> ſouthward vnto Cargurle, and finally againe into the Northeaſt, it ſtayeth not tyll it come at the Dée, where it méeteth about halfe a myle or more fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the Holit with the aforeſaide riuer. Hauing therfore receiued this water it conti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nueth the courſe vnto Cheſter it ſelfe, and fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> thence into the Iryſh ſea as experience hath co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>firmed. What other ryuers do fal into this ſtreame it ſhal be ſhewed in the ſecond booke. In y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> meane time hauing a good gale of wind blowing from the South weſt, we came to Lyr poole whether the Wyuer on the ſouthe about Frodſham & the Merſey on the north, doe fall, in thunburdening of their channels. Wiuer water runneth among the Wiches, and Marſey departeth Cheſter and Lanca<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhyre in ſunder.</p> <p>From hence alſo we go by Wegam, or Dugeles: and nexte of all vnto the Ribell, which almoſt doth enuyronne Preſton in Anderneſſe. It ryſeth in Rybbes dale about Salley Aabbye, and from thence goeth to Salley and a lyttle beneath Salley it re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceiueth the Calder that co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>meth by Whaley, and then the Oder. After thys, we come to the Wire, which ryſeth eyght or tenne miles from Garſton, out of the Hylles on the ryght hande, and commeth by gréene Hawghe a pretye Caſtell, belonging to the Earles of Darby, and more then halfe a myle of to Garſton in Anderneſſe. It ebbeth and floweth alſo, thrée myles beneath Garſtone, and at the Chappell of Alhallowes (tenne myles fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Garſton) it goeth into the Sea. After thys we come to Coker that maketh no great courſe ere we come to the Sandes, by Cockerham Vyllage, where they make Salt out of the Sandes, by often wetting, and dreauing the water from thence into a Pyt, they ſéeth it, as at the Wiche. &c. Then to Cowder ryll, & ſo to the Lane or Lune, that giueth name to Lancaſter, where much Romaine money is founde.</p> <p>Of thys ryuer you ſhall reade more in the ſeconde Booke. Next vnto it alſo is the Kery, halfe a mile beyond Warton, where the rich Kitſon was borne. It ryſeth out of the hylles not farre of, and falleth into the ſalte water at Luneſandes. From thence we come to Bythe water, which ryſeth not farre from Bytham Towne and Parke, in the Hilles whereabout are great numbers of goates. It is a prettye ryuer, and by all lykelyhoode reſorteth vnto Ken ſands. Ken ryſeth at Ken more, in a Poole of a myle compaſſe, verye well ſtored wyth fyſhe, the head whereof (as all the Barromy of Kendal) is in Weſtmer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande. It is alſo eyght myles from Kendall, in the waye to Perith, and the courſe there<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of is to Newbridge, Barley, Staueley hamlet, Bowſtone, Burne ſyde bridges, <!--<pb n="29" facs="tcp:29044:38"/>--> to Kendall, Leuen bridge. &c. into the ſea, re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceiuing the Sprout ryuer into it, a myle a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>boue Fremegate bridge. Next vnto this is y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Charte whether a freſhe water commeth, as doth another to Conny heade ſandes.</p> <p>Then come wée to Dudden or Doden ha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uen, whether a freſhe brooke alſo reſorteth, & foure myles from hence was Furneſſe Ab<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bay vp into the mountaines. Then ſayled we to the Eſke, whereunto commeth a brooke from Croſmets, then to the Caldes ſerued alſo wyth a backe freſhe water: then (going about by S. Bées) to the Wy or Ferne, to to Deruent, the Lug or Luy, and finallye to Soluey, which parteth England & Scotland.</p> <p>Hauing thus gone thorowe the ryuers of Englande, nowe it reſteth that wée procéede with thoſe which are to bée founde vppon the Scettyſhe ſhoore, in ſuch order as we beſt maye, vntill we haue fetched a compaſſe about the ſame, and come vnto Barwijcke, whence afterwarde it ſhall be eaſye for vs to make repaire vnto the Thames, from which we did ſet forwarde in the beginning of oure voiage.</p> <p>The fyrſte ryuer that I mette wythall on the Scottiſh coaſt,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>.</note> is the Eſke, after I came pa<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>t the Soluey which hath his heade in the Cheuiote Hylles runneth by Kirkinton, and falleth into the Sea at Borow on the ſands. Thys Eſke hauing receiued the Ewys fal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leth into the Soluey fyrſt at Atterith. After thys I paſſed ouer <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> lyttle créeke from Kyr<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thell, and ſo to Anand, whereof the valleye Anandale doth ſéeme to take y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> name. There is alſo the Nyde, wheref commeth Nidſdale, the Ken, the Dée, the Craie, and the Blad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>necke, and al theſe beſides dyuers other ſmal rylles of leſſe name doe lye vpon the ſouth coaſt of Galloway. On the north ſide alſo we haue the Ruan, the Arde, the Eaſſile Dune, the Burwin, the Cluide, (whereupon ſome<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tyme ſtoode the famous citie of Alcluyde, and whereinto runneth the Carath) the Hamell, the Dourgleſſe, and the Lame. From hence in lyke manner, wée came vnto the Leuind mouth, wherunto the Blake on the ſouthweſt and the Lomundelake, with his fleting Iſles and fiſh without finnes, (yet very holeſome) doth ſéeme to make hys iſſue. Thys lake of Lomund in calme wheather, ryſeth ſome<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>times ſo high and ſwelleth with ſuch terrible Billowes, that it cauſeth the beſt Marriners of Scotlande to abyde the leyſure of this wa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter, before they haue aduenture to hoyſs vp ſayles, on hie. The like is ſéene in windye weather, but much more perillous: There are certeine Iſles alſo in the ſame, which mooue and remooue, oftentymes by force of the water, but one of them eſpeciallye, which otherwyſe is very fruitefull for paſturage of Cattel<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> Next <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> this is the Leue,<note place="margin">Leue. Long. Goylee. Heke. Robinſey. Forlan. Tarbat. Lean. Abyr. Arke. Zeſe. Sell. Zord. Owyn. Newiſſe. Orne. Lang. Drun. Hew. Brun. Kile. Dowr, Faro. Neſſe. Herre. Con. Glaſſe. Maur. Vrdàll. Feſſe. Calder. Wifle. Browre. Clyn. Twine. Shin Syllan. Carew. Neſſe. Narding. Spaie. Downe. Dée. Eſke.</note> the Rage the Longe, the Goyle, & the Heke, which for the excéeding greatneſſe of theire heades are called lakes. Then haue we the Robinſey, the forelande, the Tarbat, the Lean, and the Abyr, wherevnto the Spanſey, the Loyne, the Louth, the Arke, and the Zefe doe fall, there is alſo the Sell, the Zord the Owyn, the Newiſſe, the Orne, the Lang, the Drun, the Hew, the Brun, the Kell, the Dowr, the Faro, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Neſſe, the Herre, the Con, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Glaſſe the Maur, the Vrdall, the Fe<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>s (that co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>meth out of the Caldell) the Fairſo<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e which two latter lye a lyttle by weſt of the Orchades, and are properly called ryuers, bicauſe they iſſue onely from ſpringes, but moſt of the o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther lakes, bicauſe they come from <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> innes, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> and huge pooles, or ſuch lowe bottomes, fed<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e with ſpringes, as ſéeme to haue no acceſſe, but onelye receſſe of waters, wherof there be many in Scotlande. But to procéede hauyng once paſt Dungiſby heade in Cathneſſe, we ſhall ere long come to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> mor<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>th<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> the W<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſte, a pretty ſtreame, comming by ſouth of the Mountaynes called the Maydens pappes. Thon to the Browre, the Clyn, the Twyn, (wherunto runneth thrée ryuers, the Shy<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>, the Sillan, & Carew) the Neſſe which beſide the plenty of Samon founde therein is neuer frozen, nor ſuffereth yſe to remaine there, that is caſt into the poole. From thence wée come vnto the Narding, the Fynderne, the Spai<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>, (which receiueth the Vine,) y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Fitch, the Buliche, the Arrian, the Leuin, and the Boghe, from whence we ſayle, vntill we come about the Buquhan head, and ſo to the Downe, and Dée: which two ſtreames bring forth the greateſt Samons, that are to be had in Scotland, and moſt plentye of the ſame. Then to the North Eſke where into the Eſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mond runneth aboue Brech<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>, the Southe Eſke, then the Louen and the Tawe, which is the fyneſt Ryuer for water that is in all Scotland, and whereunto moſt Ryuers and lakes doe runne. As Farlake, Yrth, Goure, Loiche, Cannach, Lynell, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>oyon, Irewer, Erne, and diuers other beſides ſmall rylleis which I did neuer loke vppon. Then is there the lake Londors vppon whoſe mouth Saint Androwes doth ſtande, the Lake Le<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>win vnto whole ſtreame two other Lakes <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> recou<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> in Fi<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>land, and then the Fyrt<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> Fortha, which ſome doe call the Scotiſh<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> ſea, and with the Ryuer laſte mencioned (I meane that commeth from Londors) inclu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deth all Fife, the ſaide Forthe beyng full of Oyſters and all kindes of huge fyſhe that vſe <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:39"/>--> to lye in the déepe. How many waters runne into the Fyrth, it is not in my power iuſtlye to declare, yet are there both Ryuers, Rilles, and Lakes that fall into the ſame,<note place="margin">Clack. Alon. Dune. Kery. Cambell. Cumer. Tere. Man. Torkeſon. Roſham. Muſſell. Blene. Twede.</note> as Clack, Alon, Dune, Kery, Cambell, Cumer, Tere, Man, Torkeſon, Roſhan, Muſhell, Blene, and dyuers other which I call by theſe names, partly after information, and partly of ſuch townes as are néere vnto their heds. Finally when we are paſte the Hay then are we come vnto the Twede and ſoone after in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to England againe.</p> <p>The Twede is a noble riuer and the <hi rend="text">limes</hi> or bounde betwéene England and Scotland, whereby thoſe two kingdomes are nowe di<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uided in ſunder. It riſeth about Drimlar in Euſdale (or rather out of a faire Wel as Le<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land ſaith ſtanding in the moſſe of an hill cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led Airſtane, or Hareſtan in Twede dale 10. miles from Pibble) and ſo comming by Pib<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ble, Lander, Drybiwgh, lelſe, Warke, Nor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ham and Hagarſtone, it falleth into the ſea beneath Barwijc as I heare: Thus ſaith Le<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land, but I not contented with this ſo ſhorte a diſcourſe of ſo long a Ryuer and briefe de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſcription of ſo faire a ſtreame, wil adde ſome<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>what more of the ſame concerning his race on the Engliſhe ſide, and rehearſall of ſuche Ryuers as fall into the ſame. Co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ming ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore to Ridam, it receyueth betwéene that & Carham a becke which deſcendeth from the hilles that lye by Weſt of Windram. Go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing alſo from Rydam by Longbridgeham (on the Scottiſhe ſide) and to Carham, it ha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſteth immediately to Warke caſtell on the Engliſhe, and by Spylaw on the other ſide, then to Cornewall, Cal<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> ſtreame, and Tille<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mouth where it receiueth ſundry waters in one botome which is called the Till, & whoſe deſcription inſueth here at hand.<note place="margin">Tyll.</note> Certes there is no head of any Ryuer that is named Till, but the yſſue of the fardeſt water that com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth hereinto, ryſeth not farre from y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> head of Vſwaie in the Cheuiote hilles, where i<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> is called Bromis. From thence it goeth to Hartſide Ingram Branto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Crawley, Hedge<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ley, Beuely, Bewijc, and Bewijc, beneath which it receiueth one water comming from Rodham by Weſt and ſone after a ſecond de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſcending from the Middletons, and ſo they go as one with the Bromiſhe,<note place="margin">Bromis.</note> by Chatton to Fowbrey (where they croſſe the third water falling downe by North from Howborne by Heſel bridg) thence to Woller, there alſo ta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>king in a rill that riſeth about Middleton hal, & runneth by Hardley, Whereley, and y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> reſt afore remembred, wherby the water of Bro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mis is not a little increaſed, and after this latter conf<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>uence beneath Woller, no more called Bromis but the Till, vntill it come at the Twede. The Till paſſing therefore by Weteland and Dedington, méeteth ſon<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter with a fayre ſtreame comming from by Southweſt, which moſt men call the Bow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bent or Bobent.<note place="margin">Bo<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> It riſeth on the Weſt ſide of the Cocklaw hill, and from thence haſteth to Hai<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ons beneath the which it ioyneth from by ſoutheaſt with the Hellerborne, and then goeth to Pudſton, Downeham, Kilham, and a little by North of Newton Kyrke, and be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twéene it and Weſt Newton, it taketh in an<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>other water co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ming from the Cheuiote hils by Heth poole, and from thenceforth runneth on without any farder increaſe, by Copland Euart and ſo into the Till. The Till for his part in lyke ſorte after this confluence goeth to Broneridge, Fodcaſtell, Eatall caſtell Heaton and North of Tilmouthe into the Twede, or by Weſt of Weſell, excepte my memorie doe falle me. After this alſo <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ur a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>foreſaid water of Twede deſcendeth to Gro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tehughe, the Newbiggins, Norham caſtell, Foord, Lungridge,<note place="margin">Whit<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> </note> and croſſing the Whita<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ker on the other ſide from Scotland beneath Cawmill, it runneth to Ordo, to Barwicke and to into the Ocean, leauing ſo much Eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>liſhe ground on the Northweſt ripe as lyeth in manner of a triangle betwéene Cawm<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>l<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>les, Barwi<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> and Lammeton, which is two myles and an halfe euery waye, or not much more excepte I be deceiued. Beyng paſt this noble ſtreame, we came by a rill that deſcen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deth from Bowſden by Barington. Then by the ſecond which ariſeth betwéene Middleton and Detcham and runneth by Eſkill and the Roſſe. Next of all to Warnemouth of whoſe back water I read as foloweth.<note place="margin">Warne.</note> The Warne or Gwerne ryſeth Southweſt of Crokelaw, and goyng by Warneford, Bradford, Spin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dleſtone, and Budill, it leaueth Newton on the right hand, and ſo falleth into the Ocean after it hath runne almoſt n<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ne myles from the heade within the lande. From Warne<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mouth, we ſayled by Bamborow caſtell, and came at laſt to a fall betwéene Bedwell and Newton: The firſt water that ſerueth this iſſue, riſeth aboue Carleton from the foote of an hill which ſéemeth to part the head of this & that of Warne in ſunder. It runneth alſo by Carleton, Tonley, Dorford, Brunton and Tuggell, and finally into the ſea as to his courſe appertaineth.<note place="margin">Aile, or Alne.</note> From this water we went by Dunſtanbugh vnto the Aile or Alne mouth which is ſerued with a pretty riueret called Alne, the heade whereof riſeth in the hilles weſt of Aluham towne. From thence alſo it runneth by Ryle, Kyle, Eſlington, and Whittingham where it croſſeth a rill com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ming <!--<pb n="30" facs="tcp:29044:39"/>--> from by ſouth, and beneath the ſame, the ſecond that deſcendeth from Eirchild at Brone, & likewyſe the thirde that riſeth at Newton and runneth by Edlingham caſtell and Lemmaton, (all on the Southeaſt ſide or right hande,) and ſo paſſeth on farder till it méete with the fourth comming from aboue Shipley from by North, after which conflu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ence it goeth to Alnewijc and then to Den<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nijc, receyuing there a rillet from by South and a rill from by Northe, and thence goyng on to Bilton, betwéene Ailmouth towne and Wooddon, it ſwepeth into the Ocean.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ket.</note>The Cocket is a goodly ryuer, the head alſo thereof is in the rootes of Kembleſpeth hils, from whence it goeth to Whiteſide,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ie.</note> & there méeting wyth the Vſwaye (which deſcendeth from the North,) it goeth a little farder to Linbridge, & there receyueth the Ridley by ſouth weſt. It ioineth alſo ere long with the Rydlande, which commeth in north, by Bil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtone,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ley.</note> and then hyeth to Sharpeton, to Har<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>botle, where it croſſeth the Yardop water, by ſouth,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>dop.</note> then to Woodhouſe, to Bickerton, to Toſſons, Newton, and running a pace to<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>warde Whitton Towre, it taketh a Brooke with all that commeth in northweſt of Alne<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ham, néere Elihaw, and goeth by Skarne<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wood, Ouer nether Trewhet, Snitter, and Throxton, and ſone after vniteth it ſelf with the Cocket, from whence they go together to Rethbury, or Whitton Towre, to Haly, to Brinkehorne, Welden, Elihaw, Felton, (re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceiuing thereabout the Fareſley brooke, that goeth by wintring by ſouth eaſt; & Sheldike water, that goeth by Haſon, to Brainſaughe by north) & from thence to Morricke caſtell, and ſo into the Sea.</p> <p>There is furthermore a litle fall, betwéene Hawkeſlaw & Dunrith, which ryſeth about Stokes wood, goeth by eaſt Cheuington, and Whittington caſtell, & afterwarde into the Ocean.<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ne.</note> The Lune is a pretye brooke ryſing weſt of Eſpley, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> whence it goeth to Trit<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lington, Vgham, Linton, and ere long in the Sea.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>nſbeck.</note>Wanſbecke is farre greater then the Lu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ne. It iſſueth vp weſt and by north, of weſt Whelpington, thence it runneth to kyrke Whelpington, Wallington, Middleton, and Angerton. Here it méeteth with a water running fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> about Farnelaw, by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> grange, and Hartborne on the north, and then goyng from Angerton, it runneth by Moſeden to Mitforth, and there in lyke maner croſſeth y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Font,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ont, alias <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ont.</note> which iſſuing out of the ground about new Biggin, goeth by Nonney kyrke, Wit<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton caſtel, Stanton, Nunriding, Newton, & ſo into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Wanſbecke, which runneth in lyke maner from Mitforde to M<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>r<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>heth caſtell, (within two myles whereof, it<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>beth & flow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth) the newe Chappell, Bottle caſtel, Shep<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>waſhe, and ſo into the ſea, thrée myles from the next hauen which is called Blithe.</p> <p>Blithe water ryſeth about kirke Heaton,<note place="margin">Blithe.</note> and goeth by Belſe, Ogle, and receyuing the broket that co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>meth by the Diſſingtons and Barwijc on the hill, it runneth by Harford, Bedlington, Cowpon, and at Blithes nuke, into the déepe Ocean.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Hartley.</note>Hartley ſtreamelet ryſeth in Wéeteſlade parioche, goeth by Halliwell, and at Hartley towne yéeldeth to the Sea.</p> <p>The Tine ryſeth of two heades,<note place="margin">north. Tine</note> whereof y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> called north Tine, is the firſt that followeth to be deſcribed. It ſpringeth vp aboue Bel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>kirke in the hylles, and thence goeth to But<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>terhawghe, (where it receiueth the Shele) thence to Cragſheles, Leapeliſh, Shilburne,<note place="margin">Shele.</note> Yarro, Smalburne, Elis, Greneſted Heſla<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſide, Billingham, and at Reaſdmouth, taketh in the Reade,<note place="margin">Reade.</note> and in the meane time ſundrye other rilles, comming from by north & ſouth,<note place="margin">Shillng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton.</note> whereof I haue no knowledge, neyther anye regarde to write, bycauſe they are obſure, ſmal, and without denominations.<note place="margin">3. Burnes</note> After this confluence it paſſeth to Léehall, to Carehouſe (croſſing Shillingto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> rill by weſt) another al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſo beneath thys on the ſame ſide, made by the confluence of Workes burne, and Myddle burne, at Roſeburne, beſyde y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> thyrd aboue, & Symons burne beneath Sheperhaſe, then to S. Oſmondes, to Wall, to Ackam, and ſo in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to ſouth Tine, beneath Accam, & northweſt as I doe wene of Herax.</p> <p>The South Tine ariſeth in the Chen<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ote hilles,<note place="margin">Tine. S.</note> and eare it hath gone farre from the head it méeteth with Eſgyll on the eaſt,<note place="margin">Eſgyll.</note> and another rill on the Weſt, and ſo going by the houſes toward Awſten moore, it ioyneth with Schud from by weſt, and ſoone after with the Vent from by Eaſt aboue Lowbiere.<note place="margin">Vent<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> Gilderſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>becke.</note> From Lowbier it goeth to Whitehalton, to Kyrke Haugh (croſſing y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> gilders Becke) to Thorn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hope, where it is inlarged wyth a water on eache ſide, to Williams Stone, and almoſt at Knareſdale, taketh in the Knare,<note place="margin">Knare.</note> and then runneth withall to Fetherſtone angle. At Fetherſtone angle lykewiſe it méeteth wyth harley water, by South weſt, another a lytle beneath from ſoutheaſt, and thence when it commeth to Bylleſter caſtell, it caryeth ano<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther with all from by weſt, after which con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fluence it goeth to Harltweſell, Vnthanke, Wilmoteſwijc, receiuing one ryl by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> way, and another there from the ſouth, as it doth the thyrd from Bradly hall by north, and the Alon by the ſouth, whereby his greatneſſe <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:40"/>--> is not a little augmented. From Willy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>motſwijc, it goeth to Lées, Haddonbridge, Woodhall, Owmers, Wherneby, Coſtely, and ſo by Warden (ſoone after receyuing the North Tine) the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> to Hexham, & Dilſtan, croſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſing two waters by the waye, whereof one commeth from by ſouth, another lower then the ſame from Riſing ouer againſt Burell. From Dilſta<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> it goeth to Eltingham, Prud<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>do, Willam (and there it méeteth further<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>more with a beck that goeth betwéene Ben<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>well and Redhoughe) then to Repon, Blay<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>don,<note place="margin">Derwent.</note> and next of all with the Derwent, from by ſouth which riſeth alſo about Kneden of two heades, and goyng by Acton Aſperſheles Berneford ſide, Ebcheſter, Blackehall, and Willington, finally falleth into the Tine be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neath Redhughe and before it come to New<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>caſtell, from whence alſo the Tine goeth by Fellin, Hedburne, Iello, Sheles and ſo into the ſea.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Were. Burdop. Wallop. Kellop.</note>The Were riſeth of thrée heades, in Kel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>loppeſlaw hill, whereof the moſt ſoutherly is called Burdop, the middlemoſt Wallop and the Northerlieſt Kellop, which vniting them ſelues about S. Iohns Chappell, or a little by Weſt thereof, their confluence runneth tho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>row Stanhope parke, by eaſt Yare, and ſo to Froſterley. Here it receiueth thrée rilles fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the North in Weredale, whereof one com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth in by Stanhop, another weſt of Wood<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>croſt Hall, and the third at Froſterley afore mencioned, Howbeit a little beneath theſe, I finde yet a fourth on the ſouthe ſide, which deſcendeth from ſouthweſt by Bolliop, By<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhopſley, Milhouſes, and Landew, as I haue béene informed. Beyng therefore vnited al w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the Were, this ſtreame goeth on to Wal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſingham there taking in the Waſcropburne, beſide another at Bradley,<note place="margin">Waſcrop.</note> the thyrde at Harpley Hall, (and theſe on the Northſide,) and the fourth betwéene Witton and Wit<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> caſtel called Bedburne co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ming by Ham<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſterley wherby this riuer doth now ware ve<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ry great.<note place="margin">Bedburne</note> Going therefore fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> hence, it haſteth to Byſhops Akelande, Newfield, and Wil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lington. But néere vnto this place alſo and ſomewhat beneath Sunderland, the Were croſſeth one brooke from ſoutheaſt by Het & Cordale, and two other from by northweſt in one botome, whereof the firſt commeth from Aſhe by Langley, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> other from Beare parke, and ſo méeting beneath Relley with the other they fall both as one into the Were betwéene Sunderland, and Burnall. From hence our Ryuer goeth to Howghwell, Shirkeley, olde Dureſme (and there taking in the Pidding brooke by Northeaſt) it goeth to Dureſme,<note place="margin">Pidding<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>brooke.</note> Finkeley Harbarhouſe, Lumley Caſtell, (where it méeteth with the Pilis,<note place="margin">P<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> whoſe heds are vnited betwéene Pelton and Whitwell) and from thence to Lampton, the Bedwiks, Vfferton, Furd, and ſo into the ſea betwéene Sunderland and Munkermouth.</p> <p>Beyng thus paſſed the Tine, and ere we come at the mouth of the Theſe almoſt by 2. myles, we méete with a prettye fall, which groweth by a Ryuer that is increaſed with two waters, whereof one riſeth by northweſt at Moreto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s, and goeth by Stotfeld and Clax<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton, the other at Dawlton: goyng by Breer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton, Owtham, and Grettam, finally ioyning within two miles of the ſea, they make a pre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ty portlet but I know not of what ſecurity.</p> <p>The Theſe riſeth in the blacke lowes,<note place="margin">Th<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>boue two myles flat weſt of the ſoutherlye head of Were called Burdop, and the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce run<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth thorow Tildale forreſt: and taking in the Langdon water from northweſt it run<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth to Durtpit chappell, to New Biggin, & ſo to Middleton. Here it receyueth by weſt of eche of theſe a Rill comming from by North,<note place="margin">Hude</note> (of which the laſt is called Hude) & likewiſe the Lune by ſouthweſt, that riſeth at thrée ſe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uerall places, whereof the firſt is in the bor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ders of Weſtmerland and there called Arne<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gyll becke, the ſecond more ſoutherly, named Lune becke, and the thirde by ſouth,<note place="margin">Lune<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> Ar<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> at Ban<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dor Skath hill, and méeting all aboue Arne<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gill houſe, they runne together in one bo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tome to Lathekyrke bridge, and then into the Theſe. Hauing therefore mette with theſe,<note place="margin">Skirk<g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>with.</note> it runneth to Mickelton (and there taking in the Skirkwith water) it goeth Rumbald kirke (croſſing there alſo one Rill and the Bander brooke) and then goyng to Morewood hagge,<note place="margin">Ba<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> & Morewood parke,<note place="margin">Rere<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> til it come to Bernards ca<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtle. Here alſo it receyueth a water co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>myng eaſt of Rere croſſe, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the ſpittle in Sta<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>more by Crag almoſt ſouthweſt, and being vnited w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the Theſe, it goth by Stratford, Egleſdon, Rokeſby, Thorpe, Wickliffe, Ouington, and betwene Barfurth, & Gainfurth: meteth with another Rill, that commeth from Langley foreſt, betwene Raby caſtle and Standorpe. But to procéede, the Theſe beyng paſt Ram<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>forth, it runneth betwene Perſore & Cliffe, and in the way to Croftes bridge,<note place="margin">Ske<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> taketh in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Skerne a pretye water which riſeth about Trimdon, and goeth by Fiſhburne, Bradbu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ry, Preſton and Darlington: and finally mée<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ting with the Cocke becke, it falleth into the Theſe beneath Stapleton, before it come at Croftes bridge. From thence it runneth to Sockburne, nether Dunſley, Midleton row, Newſham, Yarne (croſſing a broke fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Le<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uen bridge) to Barwicke Preſton, Thorne Abbaie and Arſham, which ſtandeth on the <!--<pb n="31" facs="tcp:29044:40"/>--> Southeaſt ſide of the riuer bet<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>is the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> of two waters: wherof one <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſthen<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> weſt H<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ltds, the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> from <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ing<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton. From Ar<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>h<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>lly goeth to <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>tla<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>zis Midleburgh, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> into the ſea.</p> <p>Next of all <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> vnto the high Cliffe water, which riſing <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> by Giſdoro<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>, & there <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>eth another ſtreame comming from by ſouth eaſt, and then conti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nuyng in his courſe, it is not long <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> it fal in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to the ſea.</p> <p>The next is the Scaling water, which de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſcendeth from Scaling towne, from whence we come to the Molemouth, not farre from whoſe had ſtandeth Molgraue caſtle: then to Sandford creke, & next of all to Eſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> mouth, which riſeth aboue Danby wood, and ſo goeth to Caſtleton, there méeting by the way with another Rill comming from about Weſter<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dale by Danby, and ſo they goe on together by Armar and Thwatecaſtle (till they ioyne with another water aboue Glaſdale chappel) thence to new Biggin, taking yet another brooke with them, running from Goodlande warde, (and likewiſe the Ibur) and ſo goe on without any further increaſe by Buſworth, ere long into the ſea.</p> <p>There is alſo a creke on eche ſide of Robin Whoods bay, of whoſe names and courſes, I haue no ſkil ſauing that Fillingale the towne doth ſtand betwene them both.</p> <p>There is another not farre from Scar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>borow, on the North ſide called the Harwood brooke. It runneth thorow Harwoode Dale by Cloughton, Buniſton, and ſoone after mée<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ting with another Rill on the ſouthweſt, they runne as one into the Ocean ſea.</p> <p>From Scarborow to Bridlington by Fla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>borow hed, we met with no more falles. This water therfore that we ſaw at Bridlington, riſeth at Duggleby, from whence it goeth to Kirby, Helperthorpe, Butterwijc, Boithorp, Foxhole, (where it falleth into the ground & riſeth vp againe at Rudſton) Thorpe, Ca<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thorpe, Bridlington, and ſo into the Ocean.</p> <p>Being come about y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Spurne hed, I méete ere long with a riuer that riſeth ſhort of Wi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>therſey, and goeth by Fodringham, and Wi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſted: from thence, to another that commeth by Roſſe, Halſham, Carmingham: then to the third, which riſeth aboue Humbleton, and goeth to Eſterwijc, Heddon, and ſo into the Humber. The 4. ſpringeth ſhort of Sprotte<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ley, goeth by Wytton, and falleth into the water of Humber at Merflete, as I heare.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ll.</note>The next of all is the Hull water, which I will deſcribe alſo here, and then croſſe ouer vnto the ſoutherly ſhore. The furdeſt head of Hull water riſeth at Kilham, from whence it goeth to L<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>thorpe creke, and ſo to Fodrin<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gha<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> with <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>, wherof <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> Northeaſt ſide, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> about Liſſet, the ſecond in the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> Na<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fer<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>n: the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> E<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſwell & Kirke<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>, (Or it hath <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>, which ioyne be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>) who the 4. which falleth into the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>: ſo that theſe two latter runne vnto the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> riuer <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> chanell, as ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>perience hath <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>. From hence then our Hull goeth to Ratt<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſey to Goodalehouſe, & the taking in a water from Horneſto Mere, it goeth on thorowe Be<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>erley medowes, by Warron, Sto<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ferry, Hull, and finally into the Humber. Of the Rill that falleth into this water from Southnetherwijc by Skyrlow, and the two Rilles that come from Cocking<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ham and Woluerton, I ſaye no more, ſith it is inough to name them in their order.</p> </div> <div n="11" type="chapter"> <head>¶Of ſuch Riuers as fall into the Sea, betweene Humber to the Thames. Cap. xj.</head> <p>THere is no ryuer called Humber from the heade,<note place="margin">Humber.</note> wherfore that which we now call Humber, hath the ſame denomination no hygher then the confluence of Trent with the Ouze, as beſide Leland, ſundry auncyent writers haue noted before vs both. Certes it is a noble arme of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſea, & although it be pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>perly to be called Ouze, euen to the Nuke be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth Ancolme, yet are we contented to cal it Humber, of <hi rend="text">Humbrus</hi> a King of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Scithiens, who inuaded this Iſle in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> time of <hi rend="text">Locrinus,</hi> thinking to make himſelfe the Monarch of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame. But as God hath fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> time to time ſin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gularly prouyded of the benefite of Briteine, ſo in this buſines it came to paſſe that Hum<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber was put to flight, his men ſlaine, & fur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thermore whileſt he attempted to ſaue hym<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſelfe by haſting to hys ſhippes, ſuch was the preſſe of his nobilitye that followed him into his owne veſſell, and the rage of weather, which haſtened on his fatall daye, that both he & they were drowned in that arme: And thys is the onelye cauſe wherefore it hath béene called Humber, as our wryters ſaye, and whereof I finde theſe verſes.</p> <q xml:lang="lat"> <l>Dum fugit obſtat ei flumen, ſubmergitur illic,</l> <l>Deque ſuo tribuit nomine nomen aquae.</l> </q> <p>Thys ryuer in olde time parted Lhoegres or England from <hi rend="text">Albania,</hi> which was y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> por<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tion of <hi rend="text">Albanactus,</hi> the yongeſt ſon of Brute. But ſithence that time y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> limits of Lhoegres haue bene ſo inlarged, firſt by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> proweſſe of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Romains, then by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> conqueſts of Engliſh, y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> at thys preſent day y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Twede on the one ſide, <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:41"/>--> and the Solue on the other, are taken for the principall boundes, betwéene vs and thoſe of Scotla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d. In deſcribing therfore of the Hum<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber, I muſt néede deſcribe the Ouze, & in lay<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing foor<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>h the courſe of the Ouze, I ſhal hard<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eſcape the noting of thoſe ſtreames at large, that fall into the ſame: howbeit ſith I haue of purpoſe appointed a chapter for theſe and the lyke, the next booke, I will here onely ſpeake of the Ouze, and ſay thereof as followeth.</p> <p>The Vre therefore ryſeth in the fardeſt partes of all Richmondeſhyre, among the Coterine hilles,<note place="margin">Vr<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <hi rend="text">alias</hi> Ouze, or Iſis.</note> in a moſte, towarde the weſt fourtéene myles beyonde Mydleham. Being therefore iſſued out of the grounde, it goeth to Holbecke, Ha<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>draw, Hawſhouſe, Butter<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſide, Aſkebridge (which Lela<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d calleth the Aſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>caran, and ſay<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>h therof & the Bainham, that they are but obſcure bridges) the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> to Aſkarth, thorowe Wanleſſe Parke, Wenſeley bridg, (made two hundred yeares ſince, by Alwyn, Parſon of Winſlaw) New parke, Spenni<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thorne, Danby, Geruiſe Abbay, Clifton and Maſham. When it is come to Maſham, it re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceyueth the Burne,<note place="margin">Burne.</note> by ſouth weſt (as it dyd the wile,<note place="margin">Wile.</note> from very déepe ſcarry rockes, be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore at Aſkaran) and dyuers other wild rilles not worthy to be reme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>red. From Maſham, it haſteth vnto Tanfielde (taking in by the waye, a ryll by Southweſt) then to another Tanfielde, 'o Newton hall, and northbridge at the hither ende of Rippon, and ſo to Huic<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>kes bridge. But ere it come there it méeteth with y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Skel, which being incorporate with y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame,<note place="margin">Skell.</note> they run as one to Thorpe, then to Al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>borow & ſone after receyueth y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Swale. Here ſayth Lelande,<note place="margin">Swale.</note> I am brought into no little ſtreight, what to coniecture of the méeting of Iſis & Vre, for ſome ſay y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the <hi rend="text">Iſis</hi> & the Vre doe méete at Borowbridge, which to me doth ſeme to be very vnlikely, ſith <hi rend="text">Iſurium</hi> taketh his denominatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of <hi rend="text">Iſis & Vro,</hi> for it is often ſéene that the leſſe ryuers doe mingle theyr names with y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> greater, as in the Thameſis & other is <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>aſie to be found. Neyther is there a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ny more mencio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of the Vre after his paſſage vnder Borowbrige, but onelye of <hi rend="text">Iſis</hi> & the Ouze in theſe dayes, although in olde tyme it helde vnto Yorke it ſelfe, which of the Vre is truely called Vrewijc, (or Yorke ſhorte) or elſe my perſwaſion doth fayle me. I haue red alſo Ewerwijc and Yorwijc. But to pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>céede, & leaue this ſuperfluous diſcourſe. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Borowbridge, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Ouze goeth to Aldbrough (& receiuing y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Swale by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> way) to Aldworke, taking in Vſourne water, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the ſouthweſt then to Linton vpon Ouze, to Newton vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Ouze, & to Munketun, méeting w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the Nydde ere long, and ſo going withall to the Read<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>houſes, to Popleton, Clifton, Yorke (where it croſſeth the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>) to Foulefoorth, Middle<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thorp <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Acaſter, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>, Bareleby, Selby, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, Shur<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>all<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:punc">▪</g> Hokelathe. <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Hoke, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:punc">▪</g> White <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> A<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>et, Bla<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>, Foe<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>lete, Brown<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ete, & ſo into <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:punc">▪</g> And thus do <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> deſcribe the Ouze. Nowe <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> Humber, ſtreame, toward y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> againe, I <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> begin with the Aneolme, and ſo go along vp<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on the coaſt of Lincolneſhire tyll I come to Boſton in ſuch order as inſueth.</p> <p>Ancolme, a goodlye water ryſeth Eaſt of Mercate Raſing,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> & fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> thence goeth by mid<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dle Raſing. Then receiuing a ſhort ryll from by ſouth, it runneth <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>n vnder two bridges, by the waye, till it come to Wingall, northeaſt, where alſo it méeteth with another brooke fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:punc">▪</g> Vſſelby that commeth thither, by Vreſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>y, and ſouth Kelſey. After this confluence alſo it goeth by Cadney (taking in the two rylles in one botome, that deſcende from Howſham, and north Le<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſey,) and thence to Newſted, Glanford, Wardeley, Thorneham, Appleby, Horſlow, north Ferr<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>by, and ſo into the ſea.</p> <p>Beyng paſt Ancolme, we go about the Neſſe and ſo to the fall of the water, which commeth from Keleby, by Cotham Abbaye, Nerſham Abbaie, Thorneton, & leaung Cor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hyll by weſt, it falleth into the Ocean. The next is the fall of another brooke comming from Fleting all along by Stallingburne. The<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> croſſed we Grymſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>y gullet which iſſu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing aboue Ereby co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>meth to Laſeby, the two Cotes, and then into the ſea. After thys wee paſſed by another Portelet, whoſe backwa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter, deſcendeth from Baleſby by Aſheby, Briggeſley, Wathe, and Towney, and final<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly to the next iſſue, before we came at Salt<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>flete which braunching at the laſt, leaueth a prety Iſlande wherein Comſholme Village ſtandeth. This water ryſeth ſhort as I here of Tathewel, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> whence it goeth to Rathby, Hallington, Eſſington, Lowth, Kidirington Auingham, & then braunching aboue North Somerto<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>, one arme méeteth with the ſea, by Grauethorp, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> other by north of ſomercote.</p> <p>Saltflet water hath but a ſhort courſe for riſing among the Cockeringtons,<note place="margin">Salt<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> </note> it co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>meth to the ſea, at Saltflete hauen, howbeit the next vnto it is of a longer race, for it ryſeth as I take it in Cawthorpe paroche, and de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſcendeth by Legburne, the Carletons, the weſt myddle and eaſt Saltfletes, and ſo into the Oceane. The water that ryſeth aboue Ormeſby & Dryby, goeth to Cauſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>by, Swa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>by Abbaie, Clathorpe, Belew, T<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ttle, Wi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>therne, Stane, and north eaſt of Thetilthorpe into the maine ſea.</p> <p> <!--<pb n="32" facs="tcp:29044:41" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ple<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>pe.</note>Maplethorpe water ryſeth at Thareſthorp and going by Markeley, Folethorpe, & Tru<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thorpe, it is not long ere it méete w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the Ger<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>main Ocean, then come we to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> iſſue y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> aboue Hotoft, & thence to Mumby chappel, whether y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> water co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ming fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Clar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>by, Willowby, and Slouthby (and whereinto another ryll falleth) doth runne, as there to doe homage vnto their Lorde, & Souereigne. As for Ingolde mil créeke, I paſſe it ouer, and come ſtreight to another water, deſcen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding from Burge by Skegnes. From hence I go to the iſſue of a faire brooke, which as I heare, doth riſe at Tetforde, and thence go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth by Somerby, Bagenderby Aſhwardby Sawſthorpe, Partney, Aſheby, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Stepings, Thorpe Croft, and ſo into the Sea. As for Wainflete water, it commeth from the eaſt ſea, and goeth betwéene S. Maries and Ahal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lowes by Wainflete town, and treading the pathe of his predeceſſors, empiteth hys cha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nell to the maintenaunce of the Sea.</p> <p>Now come I to the courſe of the Wytham, a famous riuer, wherof goeth the bye word, frequented of old, and alſo of Ancolme, which I before deſcribed.</p> <q> <l>Ancolme ele,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>dis <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ham <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>.</note> and Wytham pike,</l> <l>Search all England, and find not the like.</l> </q> <p>Lelande calleth it Lindis, diuers the Rhe, and I haue read all theſe names my ſelfe, ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cept my memory do faile me. It riſeth amo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g the Wi<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>hams, in the edge of Lincolnſhire, and as I take it in Southwicka<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> paroche, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> whence it goeth to Colſterworth, Eaſton, Kirkeſtoke, Paunton, and Paunton, Hough<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton, and at Grantham taketh in a Rill from by ſouthweſt, as I here. From Grantham it runneth to Man; Thorpe, Bolton, & Barne<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſton, where croſſing a becke from North<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eaſt, it procedeth farther ſouthweſtwarde by M<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>reſton, toward Foſton, (there alſo taking in a brooke that riſeth about Denton, and go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth by Sydbrooke,) it haſteth to Dodington, Cl<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>pale, Barmeby, Beckingham, Staple<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ford, Baſſingham, Thurſby, and beneth A<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>burgh, croſſeth a water that commeth from St<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>gilthorpe by Somerton caſtle. After this confluence alſo, our Wytham goeth ſtil forth on his way, to the Hickhams, Boltha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Brace<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bridge, and Lincolne it ſelfe. But ere it come there, it maketh certain pooles (wherof one is called Swan poole) and ſoone after deuiding it ſelfe into armes, they runne both thorough the lower part of Lincolne, eche of them ha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uing a bridge of ſtone ouer it, thereby to paſſe through the principall ſtrete: and as the big<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ger arme is well able to beare their fiſher botes, ſo the leſſer is not without his ſeuerall commodities. At Lincolne alſo this noble ri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer méeteth, with the Foſſe dike,<note place="margin">Foſſe dike.</note> whereby in great floudes, veſſelles may come from the Trentes ſide to Lincoln. For betwene T<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>k<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſey where it beginneth, & Lincoln citie where it endeth, are not aboue vij. miles, as Lelande hath remembred. Biſhop Atwater began to clenſe this ditch, thinking to bring great veſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſels fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Trent to Lincoln in his time, but ſith he died before it was performed, there hath no man bene ſince ſo well minded as to pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſecute his purpoſe. The courſe moreouer of this our ſtreame followyng, from Lincoln to Boſto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, is 50. miles by water, but if you mind to ferry, you ſhall haue but 24. For there are 4. common places where men are ferried o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer, as Short ferry 5. miles from Lincolne: Taterſall fery, 8. miles fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Short fery: Dog<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dike fery a mile, Langreth fery, 5. miles, and ſo many finally to Boſton.</p> <p>But to go forward with the courſe of Lin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dis, when it is pa<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>t Lincolne, it goeth by Shepewaſh, Waſſingburg, Fiſkerton, and ſoone after taketh in ſondry riuers in one cha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nell, wherby his greatneſſe is very much in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>creaſed. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> this confluence it goeth to Bar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dolfe, and there receiuing a Rill (deſcendyng from betwene Sotby and Randby, and go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>yng by Harton) it ſlideth forth by Tupham to Taterſall caſtle, taking vp there in like ſort thre ſmall Rilles by the way, wherof I haue ſmall notice as yet, and therfore I referre the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> vnto the next Treatize, wherin God willing many things ſhal be more plainly ſet downe, that are here but obſcurely touched, and ſome errors corrected, that for want of informatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, in due tyme haue ſpedily paſſed my handes. Finally, being paſt Taterſall, and Dogdike fery, the Wytham goeth toward Boſton, & thence into the ſea. Thus haue I briefly diſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>patched this noble riuer, now let vs ſée what we may do with the Wiland, whoſe deſcripti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on ſhall be ſet downe euen as it was deliue<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>red me, with onely one note added out of Le<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land, and another had of Chriſtopher Sax<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton of Wakefield, by whoſe <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>endly helpe I haue filed many things in this that were erſt but roughly handled, and more then rudely forged.</p> <p>Being paſſed Boſton Hauen, we came ſtreight waye to the fall of Wyland.<note place="margin">Wyland.</note> Thys ſtreame ryſeth about Sibbertoft, and <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> betwéene Boſworth and H<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>wthorpe, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> goeth to Féedingwoorth, Merſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>n, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, Truſſell, Herborowe, (<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> there the Bray, which co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>meth fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Braylbr<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> caſtle)<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> <note place="margin">Bray.</note> to Bowton, Weſton, Wiland, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>, burne, Ro<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ingham, and C<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>w<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>e, (where a riueret called lyttle Eye meeteth wyth<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>l, comming from eaſt <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> by <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:42"/>--> Stocke, Faſton, and dry ſtocke. From Caw<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cot it goeth to Gritto, Harringworth, Seton, Wauerley, Duddington, Colly weſton, E<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſton, and there ioyneth with the thirde called Warke,<note place="margin">Warke.</note> not farre from Ketton, which com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth from Lye by Preſton, Wing, Lindon, Luffenham. &c. Thence it goeth on by Tin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>well, to Stanforde (croſſing the Brooke wa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter,<note place="margin">Brooke water. Whitnell.</note> and Whitenelbecke, both in one bottom) and from Stanforde by Talington, Maxſey to Mercate Deping, Crowland (where it al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>moſt méeteth with y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Auon) then to Spalding, Wapla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d, and ſo into the ſea. Leland writing of this Wyland, addeth theſe words which I will not omitte, ſith in mine opinion they are worthy to be noted, for better conſideratio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> to be had in the ſayd water and his courſe. The Wyland ſayth he, goyng by Crowlande, at Newdrene diuideth it ſelfe into two bra<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ches,<note place="margin">New<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>drene.</note> of which one goeth vp to Spalding called Newdrene, and ſo into the ſea at Foſſedike Stowe:<note place="margin">South.</note> the other named y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> South into Wiſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>beche. Thys latter alſo parteth it ſelfe to two myles from Crowlande, and ſendeth a ryll called Writhlake by Thorney,<note place="margin">Writhlake.</note> where it méeteth wyth an arme of the Nene, that co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth from Peter borow, and holdeth courſe with y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> brode ſtreame, till it be come to Mur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ho, ſixe myles from Wyſbech, where it fal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leth into the ſouth. Out of the ſouth in lyke ſort falleth another arme called Shéepes eye,<note place="margin">Shepes eye.</note> and at Hopelode (which is fourtéene myles, from Linne) did fal into the ſea. But now the courſe of that ſtreame is ceaſed, wherupo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the inhabitants ſuſtaine many grieuous floudes, bycauſe the mouth is ſtaunched, by which it had acceſſe before into the ſea: hetherto Le<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land. Of the courſe of this ryuer alſo from Stanford, I note thys furthermore out of another writing in my time. Beyng paſt Staunten (ſaith he) it goeth by Burghley Vffington, Tallingto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Magey, Deping, eaſt Déeping, and comming to Waldram hall, it brauncheth into two armes, wherof that which goeth to Singleſole, receyueth the the Nene out of Cambridge ſhyre, and then going by Doweſdale, Trekenhole, and wyn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding at laſt to Wiſbiche, it goeth by Liuer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ington S. Maries, and ſo into the ſea. The o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther arme haſteth to Crowland, Clowthouſe Bretherhouſe, Pikale, Cowbecke and Spal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding. Here alſo it receiueth y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Baſto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> dreane, Longtoft dreane, Déeping dreane, & thence goeth by Wickham into the ſea, taking with all on the right hand ſondry other dreanes, and thus farre he.</p> <p>Next of all when we are paſt theſe, we come to another fall of water into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Waſh, which deſcendeth directly from Whaplade dreane to Whaplade towne in Hollande: but becauſe it is a water of ſmall importa<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce, I paſſe from thence, as haſting to the Nene, of both, the more noble riuer. The next ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore to be deſcribed is the Auon,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> otherwyſe called Nene, which the author deſcribeth after this maner.<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> The Nene beginneth 4. miles a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>boue Northampton in Nene Mere, where it riſeth out of two heades, which ioyne about Northampton. Of this riuer the city & coun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>trie beareth the name, although we now pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce Ha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>pton for Auondune, which error is co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>mitted alſo in ſouth Auondune, as we may eaſily ſée. In another place Lela<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d deſcribeth y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſaid riuer after this maner. The Auo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> riſeth in Nene mere field, and goyng by Oundale and Peterborow, it deuideth it ſelfe into thre armes, wherof one goeth to Horney, another to Wiſbich, the third to Ramſey: and after<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ward beyng vnited againe, they fall into the ſea not very farre from Linne. Finally, the diſcent of theſe waters, leaue here a great ſort of Ilandes, wherof Ely, Crowland, and Merſland, are the chiefe: Hetherto Lelande. Howbeit, becauſe neither of theſe deſcriptio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s touch the courſe of this riuer at the full. I wil ſet downe the third, which ſhal ſupply what<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſoeuer the other do want. The Auon there<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore ariſing in Nenemere field, is encreaſed with many Rilles before it come at North<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hampton, and one aboue Kings thorpe, from whe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce it goeth to Dallington, & ſo to North<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hampto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, where it receiueth the Wedon, and here I will ſtay, till I haue deſcribed this ri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer.<note place="margin">Ved<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> The Wedon therfore riſeth at Fauleſſe in maiſter Knightlies pooles and in Badby plaſhes alſo, are certaine ſprings that reſort vnto this ſtreame. Fauleſſe pooles, are a mile from Chareton, where the head of Chare ry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer is y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ru<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>neth to Banbery. There is but an hill called Albery hil betwene y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> heds of theſe two riuers. From the ſaid hill therefore, the Wedon directeth his courſe to Badby New<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>enham, Euerton, Wedon, betwixt which and Floretowne,<note place="margin">Florus.</note> it receiueth the Florus (a prety water riſing of foure heds, wherof the one is at Dauentry, another at Watford, the third, at long Buck, the fourth aboue Whilton) and then paſſeth on to Heyford, Kiſlingbury, Vp<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton, and ſo to Northampton, where it falleth into the Auon, receiuing finally by the way,<note place="margin">Bugi<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>.</note> the Bugbrooke water at Heyford, Patſhall water nere Kiſlingbery, and finally, Preſton water beneath Vpton, which running from Preſto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> by Wootton, méeteth at the laſt with Milton Rill, and ſo fal into Auon. Now to re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſume the tractation of our Auon. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> North<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hampton therfore, it runneth by Houghton, great Billing, Whitſtone, Dodington and <!--<pb n="33" facs="tcp:29044:42"/>--> Willingborow, where we muſt ſtay a while, for betwene Willingborow and Higha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Fer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ries, it receiueth a prety water comming fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> about Kilmarſhe,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ilis.</note> which goyng by Arding<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>worth, Daiſborow, Ruſhet<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>n, Newto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Gad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dington, Boughton, Warketon, Ketteryng, Berton, and Burton, méeteth there wyth Rothewel water,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>other.</note> which runneth weſt of Ket<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tering to Hiſham, the greater Harido<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>, and then into the Auon. Beyng therfore paſt Burton, our maine ſtreame goeth to Higha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Ferris, Artleborow, Ringſted, Woodford, and (méeting therby with Tra<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ford Rill) to Thrarſton,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>cley.</note> north wherof it ioyneth alſo with the Ocley water, that commeth fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Sudbo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rowe and Lowicke, to olde Vmkles, Wa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>den ho, Pilketon, Toke, where it taketh in the Liueden Becke) and ſo to Oundell Cot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>terſtocke, Tanſoner, and betwene Tothe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ring and Warmington, receyueth the Cor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>by water, which riſing at Corby, goeth by Weldon,<note place="margin">Corby.</note> Denethap, Bulwich, Bletherwijc. Fineſhed, Arethorpe, Newton, Tothering, & ſo into the Auon. After this, the ſaid Auon go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth to Elton, Maſſington, Yerwell, Sutton, Caſtor, Allerto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, and ſo to Peterborow, where it deuideth it ſelfe into ſondry armes, & thoſe into ſeuerall braunches amo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g the Fennes & medowes, not poſſible almoſt to benombred, before it méete with the ſea on the one ſide of the countrey, & fal into the Ouze on the other.</p> <p>The Ouze, which Leland calleth the third Iſis,<note place="margin">Iſis. 3.</note> falleth into the ſea betwene Meriland and Downeham. The chief hed of this riuer ariſeth nere vnto Stalies, from whence it co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth to Brackley (ſometyme a noble towne in Northampton ſhire, but now ſcarcely a good village) and there taking in on the left hande one water comming from the parke betwene Syſam and Aſtwell (which runneth by Whitfield and Tinweſton) and another on the right fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Intley, it goeth on by Weſt<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>byry,<note place="margin">Siſa.</note> Fulwell, Water ſtretford, Buckingha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> and Berton,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>melus.</note> beneath which towne the Eryn falleth into it, whereof I finde this ſhort diſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cription to be inſerted here. The Eryn ri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſeth not farre from Hardwijc in Northamp<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tonſhire,<note place="margin">Erin.</note> from hence it goeth by Heth, Erin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ford, Godderington, Twyford, Steple clado<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, and ere it come at Padbiry,<note place="margin">Garan.</note> méeteth with the Garan brooke deſcending from Garanburg, and ſo they go together by Padbiry till they fall into the Ouze, which carieth them after the confluence, to Thorneton bridge (where they croſſe another fall of water commyng from Whitlewood foreſt by Luffeld, Lecam<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſted and Foſcot) and ſo to Beachampto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Cul<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uerton, Stonyſtratford and Woluert<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ere the Ouze méeteth with a water (called as Lelande come<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ureth, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> V<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>re or Were,) on the left hand as you go <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> that co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth betwene <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> and Wexenham in Northamptonſhire & goeth by Towceſter, and Aldert<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>, and not <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> from Woluerto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> and <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>reſaid Ouze, which goeth alſo fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> hence to Newp<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>te pa<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>nell,<note place="margin">Verus.</note> wherein like <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>or<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> I muſt ſtay a while <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> I haue deſcribed another water, named the Elée, by wh<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſe <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> ſtreame is not a little increaſe<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>.<note place="margin">Cle <hi rend="text">alias</hi> Claius.</note> The riuer r<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſeth in the very confine <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> betwene Buc<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ingha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> and Bedford<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhires, not far from Wh<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ppeſnade, and go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>yng on toward the northweſt, by Eaton and Layton, it commeth to Linchelade, where it entreth wholy into Buckinghamſhire, and ſo goeth on by Hammond, Bric<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>le, Fen<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>y ſtratford, Simpſon, Walton and Middleto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>,<note place="margin">Saw.</note> beneath which it receiueth the Saw from a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>aboue Hal<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ot, & ſo goeth on till it méete with y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Ouze néere vnto Newpore, as I haue ſaid. Being vnited therefore we ſet forward from the ſayde towne, and followe thys noble ry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer, to Lathbirye, Thuringham, Filgrane, Lawndon, Newington, Bradfelde on the one ſide, and T<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ruey on the other <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>till it come at length to Bedforde, after many windleſſes, & then méeteth with another ſtreame, which is increaſed with ſo manye waters, that I was inforced to ſtaye here alſo, and vſewe theyr ſeuerall courſes, from the higheſt <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>eple in Bedforde, whence (or peraduenture other<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wyſe) I noted the ſame as followeth. Cer<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>es <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>athe eaſt ſide where I beganne thys ſpecu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lation, I ſawe one that came from P<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>t<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>on, and mette withal néede Becliſwade: another that grewe of two waters, whereof one deſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cended fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Bal<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ocke, the other fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Hitchin, which ioyned beneath A<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>leſey, and thence went to Langforde and Edwoorth.<note place="margin">Theſe riſe not far fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Michel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>borow, and one of the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> in Higham parke.</note> The third which I behelde had in lyke ſort two heades, whereof one is not farre from Woode ende, the other from Wooburne (or Howburne) & ioyning about Flitwijc, they go to Flytton, (where they receiue <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> Broke) and ſo by Chiphil, and Chickſande, they come to Shaf<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>forde, from whence taking the aforeſayde Langford water with them, they go forth by Becliſwade, Sandy, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, & née<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e vnto The miſford are vnited w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the Ouze, & now to our purpoſe againe. After this y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Ouze, goeth by Berkeforde, to Winteringha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>,<note place="margin"> <hi rend="text">Verus</hi> or y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Were,</note> (méetyng there with the Wareſley becke) and ſo run<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth to S. Neotes (or S. Nedes) to Paxſton, Offordes, Godmancheſter, Huntingdon,<note place="margin">Stoueus.</note> Wilton, S. Iues, Hollywell, and Erith, re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceyuing in the meane tyme the Stow, nere vnto little Paxton, and likewiſe the Ellen,<note place="margin">Helenus. Elmerus.</note> & the Eminer, in one ch<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ell a litle by weſt of <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:43"/>--> Huntingdon. Finallye the maine ſtreame ſpeading abroade into the Fennes, I cannot tell into howe many braunches, neyther how manye Iſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ettes, are inforced by the ſame, but thys is certeine, that after it hath thus deli<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted it ſelfe with raunging a while about the pleaſant bottomes and lower groundes, it méeteth with the Granta, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> whence it goeth with a ſwift courſe, vnto Downeha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>. Betwen it alſo and the Auo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, are large ſundry Mores, or plaſhes by ſouthweſt of Peterborow wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of Whittle<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ey méere, and Ramſey méere, (whereinto the Riuell falleth,<note place="margin">Riuelus.</note> that commeth from aboue Broughton, Wyſton, and great Riuelley) are ſayde to be greateſt. Of all the ryuers that runne into this ſtreame, that cal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led Granta is the moſt noble and excellent,<note place="margin">Granta.</note> which I will deſcribe euen in his place, not<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>withſtanding that I had earſt appoynted it vnto my ſeconde booke, but foraſmuch as a deſcription of Ouze and Granta, were dely<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uered me togyther, I will for his ſake that gaue them me, not ſeperate the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> nowe in ſun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>der. The very fardeſt heade and originall of thys ryuer is in Henham, a large Parke be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>longing to the Earle of Suſſex, wherin as the Towneſmen ſay, are foure ſprings that run foure ſundry wayes into the maine Sea. Le<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande ſought not the courſe of thys water, a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>boue Newport ponde, & therefore in his Co<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mentaries vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the ſong of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſwan, he writeth thereof after this maner inſuing. But here before I enter into his diſcourſe, I muſt giue you warning, how <hi rend="text">D. Iohn Caius</hi> the learned Phiſition, and ſome other are of the opinio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, that this ryuer comming from Newport, is properlye to bée called the Rhée, but I may not ſo eaſily diſcent fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Leland, whoſe iudge<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ment in my mynde is by a great deale the more likely, harken therefore what he ſayth.</p> <p>The heade of Grantha or Granta, is in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> pend at Newport, a towne of the eaſt Sax<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ons, which going in a bottome beſide y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame, receyueth a pretye ryll, which in the myd<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deſt thereof doeth driue a mil and deſcendeth from Wickin Bonhaunt, that ſtandeth not far from thence. Being paſt Newport, it go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth a long in the lower grounde vntil it come to Broke Walde<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, weſt of Chipping Walde<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, (now Saffron walden) harde by the Lorde Awdleis place, where of late the ryght hono<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rable Lorde Phillip Earle of Surrey, with his houſholde dyd ſoiourne, and ſome<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tyme ſtoode an Abbaie, of Benedictine Mon<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>kes, before theyr generall ſuppreſſion. From Awdley end it goeth to Littlebur<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e, the leſſe and greater Cheſterfordes, Ycaldune, Hinc<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtone, Seoſton or Sawſon, and néere vnto Shaleforde receyueth the Babren that com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth by Linton, Abbington, Babrenham, and Stapleforde: and ſo going forwarde it com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth at the laſt to Tromping<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>on,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> which is a myle from Cambridge. But ere it come al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>togyther to Trompington, it méeteth wyth the Barrington water, as Leland calleth it, but other y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Rhée,<note place="margin">R<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>.</note> (a co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>mon name to all wa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ters in the Saxon ſpeache,) whereof I finde thys deſcription, to be touched by the waye. The Rhée ryſeth ſhort of Aſhwell, in Hert<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>forde ſhyre, and paſſing vnder the brigde be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twéene Gylden Mordon and Downton, and leauing Tadlow on the weſt ſide (as I reme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber) it goeth toward Crawde<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Malton, Bar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rington, Haſelingfeld, and ſo into Granta, taking ſundry Rylles with him from ſouth, & ſouthweſt, as Wendy water ſouth weſt of Crawden, Whaddo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> brooke ſouthweſt of Or<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wel, Mildred becke ſouthweſt of Malton, and finally y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> which goeth by Fulmere & Foxton, & falleth into the ſame betwéene Barringto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, and Harleſton, or Harſon as they call it.</p> <p>Nowe to procéede with our Granta, from <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>rompingto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> on the one ſide, and Grantceſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter on the other, it haſteth to Cambridge warde, taking the Burne with it by the way, which deſcendeth from a caſtell of the ſame denomination, wherein the Picotes, & Peue<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>relles ſometime did inhabite. Thence it go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth by ſundrye Colledges in Cambridge, as the Quéenes Colledge, the Kings Colledge, Clare Hall, Trinity Colledge, S. Iohns. &c. vnto the high bridge of Ca<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>bridge, & betwene the towne and the Caſtell to Cheſterton, and receyuing by & by the Doure, or Sture, (at whoſe bridge,<note place="margin">Stu<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> </note> y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> moſt famous Mart in Eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande is yearely holden & kept. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Cheſter<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> it goeth to Ditton, Milto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, & ere long mee<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ting with two rylles (from Bott<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſham and Wilberha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, in one bottome) it ru<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>neth to Hor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ningſey and water Beche: and finallye here ioyning with the Bulbecke water, it goeth by Denny, and ſo forth into the Ouze,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> fiftéene myles from Cambridge, as Leland hath ſet downe. And thus much of the thirde Iſis or Ouze, out of the aforeſayde Authour, where<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>vnto I haue not onelye added ſomewhat of mine owne Experience, but alſo of other mens notes, whoſe diligent obſeruation of the courſe of thys ryuer, hath not a little hel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ped mée in the diſcription of the ſame. Nowe it reſteth that we come nerer vnto the coaſt of Norfolke, and ſet forth ſuch waters as we paſſe by vppon the ſame, wherin I will deale ſo preciſelye as I maye, and ſo farre will I trauaile therein as I hope ſhall con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tent euen the curious reader, or if any fault be made, it ſhall not be ſo great, but that af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter ſome trauayle in the finding, it ſhall with <!--<pb n="34" facs="tcp:29044:43"/>--> eaſe be corrected.</p> <p>The firſt ryuer y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> therfore we come vnto af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter we be paſt the confluence of Granta, & the Ouze, and within the iuriſdiction of Norfolke, is called the Burne.<note place="margin">Burne.</note> This ſtreame ryſeth not very farre from Burne Bradfeld aboue the greater Wheltham, and from thence it go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth to Nawnton, Bury, Farneham Martin, Farneham Alhallowes, Farneham Geno<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uefa, Hengraue, Flemton, Lackeforde, Ic<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lingham, and to Mildenhall, a litle beneath which it méeteth with the Oale water,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ale.</note> that ſpringeth not farre from Catilege, and go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing by Aſheby, Moulton, (a benefice as the report goeth not very well prouided for) to Kenforde, Kenet, Bradingham, Frekenham, it falleth at the laſt not farre from Iſelham into the Burne, from whence they go togi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther as one into the Ouze. With y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Burne al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſo there ioyneth a water comming from a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bout Lydgate, a little beneath Iſelham, and not very farre from Mildenhall.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>unus.</note>The Dune heade and ryſing of Wauenhey are not much in ſunder, for as it is ſuppoſed they are both not farre diſtaunt from the bridge betwéene Lopham and Ford, wherby y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> one runneth eaſt & the other weſt, as I haue béene enformed. The Dune goeth firſt of all by Feltham, then to Hopton, and to Kinets hall, where it méeteth with a water, co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ming out of a lake ſhorte of Banham (goyng by Quiddenham, Herling, Gaſthorpe) and ſo forth on both in one channell, they runne to Ewſton. Here they méete in lyke ſort, wyth another deſcending from two heads, wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of the one is néere vnto Pakenham, the other to Taueſtocke, as I here. Certes theſe heads ioyne aboue Ileſworth, not farre from Stow Langtoft, from whe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce they go to Yxworth, Thorp, Berdwel, Hunnington, Fakenham, and ſo into the Dune at Ewſton as I ſayde. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> hence alſo they haſte vnto Downeham, which of this riuer doth ſéeme to borowe his name. South rée ryl, I paſſe ouer as not wor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thy the deſcription, bicauſe it is ſo ſmall.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>radunus <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>tè.</note>Next vnto thys ryuer on the ſouth ſide is the Braden, or Bradunus, which ryſeth at Bradenham, and goeth by Ne<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ton, north Peckenham, ſouth Peckenham, Kirſingham Bedney, Langforde, Igbor, Munforde, north olde, Stockebridge, Ferdham, Helgy, and ſo into the Ouze.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>nus.</note>The néereſt vnto thys is another which ri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſeth about Lukeham, and from thence com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth to Lexham, Maſſingham, Newton, the caſtel acre, Acres, Nerboe, Pentney, Wro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gey,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ngimus.</note> Rounghton, Weſtchurch, & ſo to Linne, as ſo doth alſo another by north of this which commeth from the eaſt hylles by Cong<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>n<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ham, Grymſton, Bawſey, Gaywood, where<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of let this ſuf<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>iſe, and now giue eare to the reaſt ſith I am paſt the Ouze.</p> <p>Beyng paſt the mouth or fall of the Ouze, we méete next of al with the riſing chaſe wa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter which deſcendeth from two heds,<note place="margin">Riſing.</note> & alſo y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Ingel that commeth from about Sne<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſham;<note place="margin">Ingell.</note> From hence we go by the point of ſ. Edmo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d, and ſo hold on our courſe, till we come vnto the Burne, which falleth into the ſea by ſouth from Waterden, and goyng betwéene the Crakes to Burneham thorp, and Burnham Norton, it ſtriketh at the laſt into the ſea, eaſt of Burnham Norton, a mile at y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> leſt, except my coniecture doe faile me. The Glow or Glowy, riſeth not farre from Baconſtthorp,<note place="margin">Glouius.</note> in the hundred of Tunſted, and goyng by and by into Holt hu<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>dred, it paſſeth by Hunworth; Thornage, Glawnſford, Blackney, Clare, and ſo in the ſea receiuing there at hand alſo a Rill by eaſt, which deſcendeth from the hils lying betwene Killing town and Way<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>burne.</p> <p>The Wantſume riſeth in Northfolke at Galeſend in Holt hundred,<note place="margin">Wantſume</note> from whence it goeth to Taterſend, Downton, Skelthorpe, Farneham, Penſtthorpe, Rieburg, Elling<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ham, and Billingeſford. And here it recey<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ueth two waters in one bottom, of which the firſt goeth by Stanfeld and Beteley, the o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther, by Wandling and Greſſonhall, and ſo run on eche his owne way, till they méete at Houndlington, ſouthweſt of Billingeſforde with the Wantſume. From hence they go altogether to Below, Iyng, Weſton, and Moreton, but ere it come to Moreton, it mée<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>teth with the Yowke, which (iſſuyng about Yexham) goeth by Matteſhall and Barrow.<note place="margin">Yocus.</note> After this the ſayd Wantſume goeth on by Ringland, and ſo to Norwich the pontificall ſee of the Biſhop, to whom that iuriſdictio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> ap<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pertaineth. Beneath Norwich alſo it recey<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ueth two waters in one chanell, which I wil ſeuerally deſcribe according to their courſes, noting their conflue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce to be at Bireley, with<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>in two myles of Norwich, except myne an<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>notation deceiue me. The firſt of theſe hath two heds, wherof one mou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>teth vp ſouth weſt of Whinborow, goeth by Gerneſton,<note place="margin">Hierus Gerne.</note> & is the very Hiere or Yare that drowneth the name of Wantſume, ſo ſoone as he méeteth withal. The other hed riſeth at Woode in Mitforde hundred, and (after confluence with the Hiere at Caſton) gayng by Brandon, B<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ton, Ber<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ford, Erleham, Eringlefeld (not farre from Bixely as I ſayd) doth méete with his com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>panion, which is the ſecond to be deſcribed as followeth. It hath two heads alſo that méete northweſt of Therſtane, and hereof the one <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:44"/>--> commeth from Findon hal, by Wrenningha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> from about Wotton; by Hemnal, Fretton, Stretton, and Taſborow, till they ioyne at Therſton, as I gaue notice aforehand. From Therſton therfore they go together in one to Newton, Shoteſham, Dunſton, Caſtor, Ar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>minghale, Bixeley, Lakenham and Trowſe, and then fall into the Wantſume beneath Norwich which hereafter is named Hiere. The Hiere Yare or Gare therfore proceding in his voiage, as it wer to ſalute his gra<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>dame the Oceane, goeth from thence by Paſwijc, Surlingham, Claxton and Yardley: and here it méeteth agayne with another Riueret de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſcending from about Shoteſham, to Thir<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtane, Shedgraue, Hockingham, and ſo into Gare or Yare, wherof Yardley the town re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceyueth denomination. After this it goeth to Frethorpe, and aboue Burghe caſtle méeteth with the Wauen hey,<note place="margin">Wauen.</note> and ſo into the ſea. In<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to this riuer alſo falleth the Bure, which ri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſing at a towne of the ſame name, paſſeth by Milton, Bureſdune, Corpeſtey, Marington, Blekeling, Bure, Aleſham, Brampto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Bux<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Horſted, Wrexha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> bridge, Horning, Rane<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>worth (and beneath Baſtewijc receyueth the Thurine which riſeth aboue Roleſby) then to Oby Clypſby,<note place="margin">Thurinus</note> (there alſo receiuing another from Filby) Rimham, Caſtor, and by Yar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mouth into the Ocean.<note place="margin">Wauen.</note> The Wauenhey a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore mencioned, riſeth on the South ſide of Briſingham, and is a limite betwene North<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>folke and Suffolke, goyng therfore by Dis, Starton, not farre from Octe, it méeteth with the Eie whiche riſeth nere Ockolde, or betwéene it and Braiſworthe, and goeth on by Brome, Octe, and ſo into the Waue<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>y. From the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce alſo our Waueney, runneth by Sylam, Brodiſh, Nedam, Harleſton, Red<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nam, Alborow, Flixton, Bungey, Sheepe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>medow, Barſham, Beckles, Alby, and at Whiteacre as I here it parteth in twaine, or elſe receyuing Milforde water, which is the moſt likely, it goeth along by Somerley, Hormingfléete, S. Olaues, (there receyuing the Friſtan brooke,<note place="margin">Fritha.</note> out of low or little Eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande) Friſtan and Burge caſtell, where it méeteth wyth the Hiere, and from thence<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>forth accompanieth it as I ſayd vnto the ſea.</p> <p>Willingham water commeth by Henſted Einſted,<note place="margin">Einus.</note> or Eniſtate, and falleth into the ſea by ſouth of Keſland.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Cokelus.</note>The Cokell ryſeth ſouth ſouth weſt, of Cokeley Towne, in Blythe hundred, and néere vnto Haſtelwoorth, it méeteth with the ryll, that commeth from Wiſſet, and ſo go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing on togither by Wenhaſton, and Blibo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>towe, it falleth into the ſea at an hauen, be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twéene Roydon, and Walderſwicke. A little ryll runneth alſo thereinto from Eſton, by Sowolde, and another from Dunwiche, by Walderſwijke, and hereby it wanteth lyttle that Eſton Neſſe, is not cut of and made a prety Iſlande.</p> <p>The Forde ryſeth at Poxford,<note place="margin">Forde</note> and going by Forderley, and Theberton, it falleth at laſt into the Myſméere créeke.</p> <p>Into the Oreforde hauen, falleth one wa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter comming from Aldborowe warde,<note place="margin">Or<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>.</note> by a narrowe paſſage, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the north into the ſouth. By weſt whereof (when we are paſt a lyttle Iſle) it receyueth the ſeconde, deſcending fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> betwéene Talingſton, and Framingham,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> in Plomes hundred: which co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>mming at laſt to Marleforde, méeteth wyth a ryll ſouth weſt of Farneham called the Gleme,<note place="margin">Gleme.</note> (that com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth by Rendelſham, the Gleinhams) and ſo paſſing forth, it taketh another wyth all at Snapeſbridge, comming from Carleton, by Saxmundham, Sternefielde, and Snape.<note place="margin">Iken, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Ike.</note> Then going to Iken (where it méeteth wyth the thirde ryll at the weſt ſide) it fetcheth a compaſſe by Sudburne eaſt of Orforde, and ſo into the hauen. Next vnto thys by weſt of Orforde, there runneth vp another créeke by Butley, whereinto the waters comming fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Celleſforde, and from the Ike, doe runne both in one botome, and thus much of Or<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>forde hauen.</p> <p>The Deue ryſeth in Debenham,<note place="margin">Deue.</note> in the hundred of Herteſméere, and from thence go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth to Mickeforde, Winſton, Cretingham, Lethringham, Wickham, hitherto ſtill crée<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ping towarde the ſouth: but then going in maner full ſouth, it runneth néere vnto Aſhe, Rendleſham, Vfforde, Melton, and Woode<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bridge, beneth which, it receiueth on the weſt ſide, a water co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ming of two heades, whereof one is by north from Oteley, and the other by ſouth from Henly, which ioyning weſt of Mertelſham, go vnto the ſayde towne, and ſo into the Deue, eaſt of Mertelſham, aboue<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſayd. From thence the Deue goeth by Wal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dringfielde and Henley, and méeteing ſoone after with Brightwell brooke,<note place="margin">Claruſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> </note> it haſteth in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> maine ſea, leauing Badwſey on the eaſt where the fall therof is called Bawdſey ha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uen.</p> <p>Vre ryſeth not farre from Bacton,<note place="margin">Vr<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>s.</note> in Herteſméere hundred, and thence deſcendeth into Stowe hundred by Gippyng Newe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton, Dagworth, Stowe, (beneath whiche it méeteth with a water comming from Rat<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tleſden, by one houſe,) and ſo goyng on to Nedeham, (thorowe Boſméere and Claydon hundredes) to Blakenham, Bramforde, Ypſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wiche, (receyuing beneath Stoke, which ly<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth ouer againſt Ypſwiche, the Chatſham <!--<pb n="35" facs="tcp:29044:44"/>--> water, that goeth by Belſted, & ſo into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Vre, at the mouth wherof is a marueilous déepe & large pitte, whereof ſome Marryners ſaye that they coulde neuer fynde the bottome, and therefore calling it a Well, and ioyning the name of the ryuer withall, it commeth to paſſe that y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> hauen there, is called Vrewel, for which in theſe daies we doe pronounce it Or<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>well. Into thys Hauen alſo the Sture or Stoure, hath ready paſſage, which remaineth in thys treatize next of all to be deſcribed.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>rus.</note>The Sture or Stoure, parteth Eſſex from Suffolke, as <hi rend="text">Houeden</hi> ſaith, and experience co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>firmeth. It ariſeth in Suffolk, out of a lake néere vnto a towne called Stourméere. For albeit there come two rylles vnto the ſame, whereof the one deſcendeth from Thyrl<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>, the Wratinges and Ketton, the other from Horſhed parke, by Hauerill &c. Yet in ſo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>mer tyme they are often drye, ſo that they can<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>not be ſayde to be parpetuall heads, vnto the aforeſayde ryuer. The Stoure therefore ry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſeth at Stoure mare, which is a poole contay<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ning twentie acres of ground at the leaſt, the one ſide whereof is full of Alders, the other of réede, wherein the great ſtore of fiſhe there bredde, is not a little ſuccoured. From thys méere, alſo it goeth to Bathorne brydge, to Stocke clare, Cawndiſh, Pentlo, Milforde, Foxerth, Bureſley, Sudbury, Bures, Bor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſted, Stoke Naylande, Lanham, Dedham, Strotford, eaſt Barforde, Brampton, and to Catwade bridge, where it falleth into the ſea, receiuyng in the meane time ſundry brookes and rylles not here omytted at all. For on Eſſex ſide, it hath one from Hemſted, which goeth by Bumſted, and Birdbrooke: another ryſing ſhorte of Foxerth, that runneth by water Beauchamp, Brundon, and falleth in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to the ſame at Badlington, weſt of Sudbury: and the thirde that glydeth by Horkeſley and méeteth withal weſt of Boxſted. On the north or vpon Suffolke ſide, it receyueth one de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſcending fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Ca<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ledge, by Bradley, Thur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>low, W<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>atting, Kiddington, and at Hauerell falleth into this Sture. The ſeconde deſcen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deth from Poſling field, & ioyneth therewith eaſt of Clare. The thyrde aryſeth of two heades, whereof one commeth from Wick<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ham brooke, the other from Chedbar in Riſoy hundred, and ioyning about Stanfield, it goeth by Hawton, Somerton, Boxſted, Stanſted, and north of Foxerth, falleth into S<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>our. The fourth iſſueth from betwéene the Wallingfelds, and goeth by Edwardſtone, Boxſted, Alington, Polſted, Stoke, and ſo at ſouth Boxſted falleth into the ſame. The fift ryſeth North Weſt of Cockefielde, and go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth to Cockefielde, Laneham, Brimſley, Midling,<note place="margin">Kettle ba<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſton.</note> and receyuing Kettle Baſton wa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter ſouthweſt of Chelſworth (and likewiſe the Breton that commeth from Bretenham, by Hitcheham, & Biſſeton ſtreat on the ſouth eaſt of the ſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>me towne) it goeth in by Ned<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ging, Aldham, Hadley, Lainham, Shelly, Higham, and ſo into the Sture. The ſixt is a lyttle ryll deſcending ſouthweſt from Chap<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pell The ſeuenth ryſeth betwéene Chappel, & Bentley, and going betwéene Tatingſton, and Whet<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ede, Holbrooke, and Sutton, it falleth at length into Stoure, and fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> thence is neuer harde of.</p> <p>As for Ocley Drill, that ryſeth betwéene Ocley, and Wikes Parkes,<note place="margin">Ocley.</note> and goeth vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>der Ramſey brydge, and ſo into the Stoure, on Eſſex ſide, weſt of Harwiche, and eaſt of Rée Iſle, I paſſe it ouer becauſe it is but a ril and not of any greatneſſe, although I ſéeke to remember manye tymes, euen the very ſmalleſt.</p> <p>Next vnto this, wée come to another that runneth South of Beamont by Moſſe,<note place="margin">Moſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>.</note> and falleth into the Sea about the middeſt of the Bay, betwixt Harwich and the Naze.</p> <p>Betwixt the Naze alſo and the mouth of Colue, is another Ryll which riſeth at little Bentley, and thence goeth to Tendryng thorpe,<note place="margin">Claco.</note> thorow Clacten parke by great Hol<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land, and eaſt of little Holland, into the déepe ſea.</p> <p>The Colne hath thrée heds, whereof one is at Ouington that goeth by Tilbery, and eaſt of Yeldam, falleth into the chiefe head,<note place="margin">Colunus.</note> which ryſeth about Redgewell in Eſſex, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> whence it goeth to Yeldam Henningham. &c. The third falleth in South of Yeldam into Colne, and being once mette all in one chanell: the Colne goeth as I ſayde, to Hedningha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Haw<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſted, Erles Colne, Wakes Colne, Fordon, Bardfold, Colcheſter, and ſo into the ſea at Brickleſey. At ſéemeth here, that when y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſea entreth betwéene the points of Bradwell and S. Anthonies, it deuydeth it ſelfe into twoo armes, wherof one goeth toward Colcheſter the other toward Maldon. Into the Colne or <hi rend="text">Colunus</hi> (whereof Lelande thinketh Colche<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſter to take hys name, and not <hi rend="text">a Colonia Ro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>manorum</hi>) doe run many ſalt créekes beneth Fingering ho, whoſe names ſith I doe not knowe, nor whether they be ſerued with any backwaters or not, I gyue ouer to intreat a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ny farther of theyr poſitions. Into that of Malden runneth many faire waters, wherof I will ſay ſo much as I knowe to be true by experience.</p> <p>There is a prety water that beginneth nere vnto Gwinbache or Wimbech church in Eſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſex (the very limits of Dunmow Deanery) <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:45"/>--> which runneth directly fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> thence vnto Rad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>winter, (a parcell of your Lorſhips poſſeſſy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ons in thoſe parts) and within thrée quarters of a mile of the aforeſaid church. By the way alſo it is increaſed with ſundry prety ſprings wherof Pantwell is the chiefe, and to ſay the truth, hath manye a leaſing fathered on the ſame: there is likewiſe another in a paſture belonging to the graunge, now belongyng to Henry Browne Eſquier, ſoiournyng there<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>vpon. The third, commeth out of the yarde of one of your Lordſhips Manour there, called Radwinter hall. The fourth, fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Iohn Cock<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſwettes houſe, named the Rotherwell, which running vnder Rothers bridge, méeteth with y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Gwin, on the northweſt ende of Ferraunts meade, ſoutheaſt of Radwinter church, wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of I haue the charge by your honors fauora<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ble preferme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t.<note place="margin">Froſhwell.</note> The next is named Froſhwel, and of this Spring doth the whole Hundred beare the name, and alſo the Ryuer it ſelfe whereinto it falleth (from by north) ſo far as I remember. Certes, all theſe ſauing y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> firſt and ſecond, are within your Lordſhips towne aforeſayd. The ſtreame therfore running fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> hence (and now called Froſhwell, of Froſhe, which ſignifieth a frog) haſteth immediately vnto olde Sandford, then thorow new Sand<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>forde parke, and afterward with full ſtreame to Shalford, Bocking, Stiſted, Paſwijc, and ſo to blackwater, where the name of Froſh<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wel ceaſeth, the water being from henceforth as I here, called Blackwater, vntyll it come to Maldon. From Blackwater therefore it goeth to Coxall, Eaſterforde, Braxſted and Wickham,<note place="margin">Barus.</note> where it méeteth wyth the <hi rend="text">Ba<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rus,</hi> and ſo goyng togyther, deſcende to Hey<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bridge, and finally into the ſaltwater afore<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſayde. As for the <hi rend="text">Barus,</hi> it ryſeth in a ſtately parke of Eſſex called Bardfeld, belonging to the crowne, from whence it goeth to olde Sa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lyng, Brainctrée (receyuing a ryllet by waye comming from Raine, blacke Notley, white Notley, Falkeburne, Wittham, and falleth into the blacke water beneath Braxſted, on the ſouth.</p> <p>Beſide thys, the ſayde ryuer receyueth alſo the Chelme or Chelmer,<note place="margin">Chelmer.</note> which aryſeth in Wymbeche aforeſayde, where it hath two heads: wherof the one is not farre from Bro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dockes (where Thomas Wiſeman Eſquier dwelleth) the other nigh vnto a farme called Highams, and ioyning ere long in one Cha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nell, they hye them toward Thaxſted, meting in the way alſo with a Ryll commyng from Boyton ende. Beyng paſt Thaxſted, it goeth by Tiltey, and ſoone after receyueth one Ril which ryſeth on the north ſide of Lindſell,<note place="margin">Lindis.</note> and falleth into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Chelmer by north eaſt at Til<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tey aforeſayde, and another comming from ſouthweſt, and ryſing ſoutheaſt from Lindſe<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> at moche Eiſton. From thence then holding on ſtyll wyth the courſe, it goeth to Moche Dunmowe, little Dunmow, Felſted, Lies, both Waltams, Springfield, & ſo to Chelme<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>reſforde. Here vppon the ſouth ſide I finde the iſſue of a water that riſeth 5. miles or therea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>boutes, ſouth and by weſt of the ſayde towne, from whence it goeth to Munaſing Butteſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bury (there receiuyng a Rill from by weſt) to Ingat ſtone, Marget Inge, Wilforde bridge Writtle bridge, and ſo to Chelmereſforde, (croſſing alſo y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſecond water that deſcendeth from Roxforde ſouthweſt of Writtle by the way) wherof let this ſuffice.<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> From hence the Chelmer goeth directly towarde Mauldon by Badow, Owting, Woodhamwater, Byly, and ſo to Blackwater northweſt of Maldon, receyuing neuertheleſſe ere it come fullye thither a becke alſo that goeth fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Lée parke, to little Lées, great Lées, Hatfield, Peueryll,<note place="margin">Lée.</note> Owting, and ſo into Blackwater (whereof I ſpake before) as Maldon waters, doth a ryll from by ſouth ouer againſt S. Oſithes, and alſo another by Bradwell.</p> <p>The Burne, ryſeth ſomewhere about Ron<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>well, and thence goeth to Hull bridge,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> ſouth Fambridge, Kirkeſhot fery, and ſo to Foul<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neſſe: & as this is the ſhort courſe of that ry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer, ſo it brauncheth, and the ſouth arme ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of receiueth a water comming from Hauke<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>well, to great Stanbridge, and beneth Pake<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſham, doth méete by South, wyth the ſayde arme, and ſo finiſhe vp his courſe, as we doe our voyage alſo about the coaſt of Englande.</p> <p>Thus haue I finiſhed the deſcription of ſuch ryuers and ſtreames as fall into the Ocean according to my purpoſe, although not in ſo preciſe an order and maner of handling, as I might, if information promyſed had bene ac<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cordingly performed: howbeit, thys wyll I ſay of that which is already done, that from the hauen of Southampton, by ſouth vnto the Twede, that parteth England and ſcotland, by north (if you go backward contrary to the courſe of my deſcription) you ſhall finde it ſo exacte, as beſide a fewe bye ryuers to be tou<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ched hereafter, you ſhall not néede to vſe any further aduiſe for the finding and falles of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> aforeſayd ſtreames. For ſuch hath béene my helpe and conference wyth other men about theſe, that I dare pronounce them to be per<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fite and exact. In the reaſt I followed Leland in maner worde for worde, what he hath ſayd therefore of them, that haue I examplyfied & publiſhed herein. Such was his dealing <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſo in hys bookes, that he ſought not to be c<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ous and preciſe in thoſe deſcriptions that hée <!--<pb n="36" facs="tcp:29044:45"/>--> made, but thought (it ſufficient to ſay ſome<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>what, and more of thinges then any ma<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> had done before hym, In the next booke therfore, I will in thrée chapiters run ouer theſe mat<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ters agayne, and as I haue already borowed ſomewhat of the ſame, in ſettyng downe ſuch braunches as f<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>l into the mayne ſtreames at large, ſo will I there agayne remember ſuch great riuers as I haue here eyther omitted, or not ſo orderly handled as their dignities do require. In reading therefore of the one, refuſe not I beſéeche your honor withall, to haue conference with the other, for what this wanteth, that other ſhall ſupply, and y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> which is briefly touched in this, ſhal there be opened at large, the onely occaſion of this deuiſion growyng vpon hope of inſtruction to come in tyme, whereof when I had moſt néede, and the lefe vnder the preſſe, I was left deſtitute and without hope of all reliefe. It is poſſible, that ſome curious head may finde carpyng worke inough in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> courſes of theſe ſtreames, but if ſuch a one wyll enterpriſe the lyke, and try what one man can doe by reading onely, (for I ſayled about my country within the compaſſe of my ſtudy) & therunto remember how many wais, through many mens iudge mentes, and what number of occaſions may ſerue here and there, to inforce the writer to miſtake his Pamphlets, quarters, townes, entraunces, &c. I doe not doubt but it woulde trouble his brayn, although now peradue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ture in table talke, he can find many things, as he doth that ſitteth at home among Ladies and Gentlewomen, and will talke and take order for matters abroad that are to be done in the field, where he neuer ſhewed his face. Vnto the learned therfore, I yeld correctio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of mine errors onely, and as I confeſſe that ſome vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>knowne vnto me, may and haue eſcaped my handes, ſo by their gentle and brotherly ad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>monition, they ſhall be the ſooner amended. Furthermore, this I haue alſo to remember that in the courſes of our ſtreames, I regard not ſo much to name y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> very town or church, as the limites of the paroche, and therefore if I ſay it goeth by ſuch a towne, I thinke my duety diſcharged, if I hitte vpon any part or parcel of the paroche. This alſo hath not a lit<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tle troubled me, I meane the euill writing of the names of many townes and villages, of which I haue noted ſome one man in the de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſcription of a riuer to write it two or three maner of wayes, whereby I was inforced to chuſe one (at aduenture moſt commonly) that ſéemed the likelieſt in myne opinion & iudge<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ment: but inough of this and theſe things for this preſent.</p> </div> <div n="12" type="chapter"> <head> <g ref="char:leaf">❧</g>Of the foure hyghe wayes ſometyme made in Brytaine, by the Princes of thys Lande. Chap. 12.</head> <p>THere are, which indeuoring to bring all things to their Saxon Originall, doe affirme that this diuiſio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of waies whereof we now intreate, ſhould ap<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>parteine to ſuch Princes of that Nation, as reigned here, ſith the Romaines gaue vs o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer. But how weake their coniectures are in this behalfe, the antiquity of theſe ſtréetes it ſelfe ſhal eaſily declare, whereof ſome per<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>celles after a ſorte are alſo ſet downe by <hi rend="text">An<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>toninus,</hi> and thoſe that haue written of the ſe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uerall iourneyes from hence to Rome, al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>though peraduenture not in ſo directe an or<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>der, as they were at the firſt eſtabliſhed. For my parte if it were not that I deſire to be ſhort in this behalfe, I could with ſuch notes as I haue already collected for that purpoſe, make a large confutation of diuers of theyr opinions co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>cerning theſe paſſages, but ſith I haue ſpent more time in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> tractatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of the ri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uers, then was allotted vnto me, I will omit at this time to diſcourſe of theſe things as I would, and ſay what I may for the better knowledg of their courſes, procéeding there<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>in as followeth.</p> <p>Firſt of all, I finde that Dunwallon King of Britayne, about 483. yeares before y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> birth of our ſauior Ieſus Chriſt, ſeing the ſubiects of his Realme, to be in ſundry wyſe oppreſſed by theeues and robbers, as they traueiled too and fro, and being willing (ſo much as in him laye) to redreſſe theſe inconueniences, cauſed his whole kingdome to be ſurueyed, and then commaunding foure principall wayes to be made, which ſhoulde leade ſuch as traueyled into all partes thereof, from ſea to ſea, he gaue ſundry large priuileges vnto the ſame, whereby they became ſafe, and verye much frequented. And as he had regarde herein, to the ſecuritie of hys Subiectes, ſo he made ſharp lawes, grounded vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Iuſtice, for y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſup<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>preſſion of ſuch wicked me<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>bers as did offer violence to any trauayler that ſhould be met wyth al or found within the limites of thoſe paſſages. How by what partes of this Iſland theſe wayes were conueighed at the firſt, it is not ſo wholy left in memory<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> but that ſome queſtion is mooued among the learned, con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cerning theyr auncient courſes, howbeit ſuch is the ſhadowe remaining hitherto of theyr extenſions, that if not at this preſent perfect<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly yet hereafter it is not impoſſible but that they maye be founde out, and left certaine vnto poſteritye. It ſéemeth by <hi rend="text">Galfride,</hi> <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:46"/>--> that the ſayd Dunwallon did limite out thoſe wayes by dooles and markes, which beyng in ſhort tyme altered by the auarice of ſuch irreligious perſons as dwelt nere and incro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ched vpon the ſame (a fault yet iuſtly to bée found almoſt in euery place) and queſtio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> moo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ued for their boundes before Bellinus hys ſonne, he to auoyde all further controuerſie that might from thenceforth inſue, cauſed the ſame to be paued with hard ſtone, of 18. foote in bredth, and 10. foote in depth, and in the bo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tome thereof huge flint ſtones alſo to be pit<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ched, leſt the earth in tyme ſhould ſwalow vp his workmanſhip, & the higher ground ouer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>grow their riſing creſts. He indued the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> alſo w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> larger priuiledges the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> before, proteſting that if any man whoſoeuer ſhoulde preſume to in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fringe his peace, & violate the lawes of hys kingdome in anye maner of wiſe néere vnto or vpon thoſe wayes, he ſhould ſuffer ſuch pu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>niſhme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t without all hope to eſcape (by frend<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhip or mercy (as by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſtatutes of his realme lately prouided in thoſe caſes, are due vnto y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> offenders: The names of theſe foure wayes are the Foſſe, the Gwethelin, or Watling, the Ermyng, and the Ychenild.</p> <p> <note place="margin">Foſſe.</note>The Foſſe goeth not directly, but ſlopewiſe ouer the greateſt part of this Iſland, begyn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nyng at Dotneſſe or Totneſſe in Deuo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſhire, where Brute ſometymes landed (or as <hi rend="text">Ra<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nulphus</hi> ſayeth) which is more likely at the point of Cornwall though the eldeſt writers do ſéeme to note the contrary. From hence it goeth thorow the middle of Deuonſhire and Somerſetſhire, and commeth to Briſtow, from whence it runneth manifeſtly to Sud<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bery market, Tetbury, and ſo forth holdeth on as you go almoſt to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> midde way betwene Glouceſter and Cirneceſter (where the wood faileth, and the Champeigne country appea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>reth toward Cotteſwald) ſtreight as a lyne vntill you come to Cirneceſter it ſelf. Some hold opinion that the way which lyeth from Cirneceſter to Bathe, ſhoulde be the very Foſſe, and that betwixt Cirneceſter & Glou<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceſter, to be another of the 4. wayes made by the Britons: but auncient report grounded vpon great likelyhoode, and confirmed alſo by ſome experience, iudgeth that moſt of the wayes croſſed eche other in this part of the realme, and of this mynd is Leland alſo, who learned it of an Abbote of Cirneceſter that ſhewed great likelyhoode in ſome recordes therof: but to procéede. From Cirneceſter, it goeth by Chepingnorton to Couentrey, Leirceſter, Newarke, and ſo to Lincolne o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uerthwart the Watling ſtreate, where by generall conſent of all the writers (except Alfrede of Beuerley, who extendeth it vnto Catheneſſe in Scotland) it is ſayde to haue an ende.</p> <p>The Watling ſtréete beginneth at Douer in Kent,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> </note> and ſo ſtretcheth thorow the middeſt of Kent vnto London, and ſo forth (peraduen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ture by the midſt of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> city) vnto <hi rend="text">Verolamium</hi> or Verlamceſter, now S. Albons, where in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> yeare of grace 1531 the c<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>urſe thereof was found by a ma<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> that digged for grauel where<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>with to mende the highway. It was in this place 18. foote bro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>de, and about 10. foote déepe, and ſtoned in the botome as afore, and perad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uenture alſo on the toppe, but theſe are gone, and the reſt remayneth equall in moſt places with the fields. The yelow grauell alſo that was brought thether in cartes 2000. yeares paſſed, remayned there ſo freſh and ſo ſtro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g, as if it had bene digged out of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> natural place where it grew not many yeares before. Fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> hence it goeth hard by Margate, leauyng it on the weſt ſide, and a little by ſouth of this place, where the Priory ſtoode, is a long tho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>row fare vpon the ſayd ſtréete, méetely well builded (for low houſing) on both ſides. After this, it not onely becommeth a bound vnto Leiceſterſhire toward Lugby, but alſo paſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſeth from Caſtleford to Stamforde, and ſo forth by the weſt of Marton, which is a myle from Torkeſey.</p> <p>Here by the waye I muſt touche the opi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nion of a traueyler of my tyme, who noteth the ſayde ſtreate to go another waye, inſo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>much that he would haue it to croſſe the third Auon, betwixt Newton and Dowbridge, & ſo go on to Binforde bridge, Wibto<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>, the highe croſſe, and thence to Atherſton vpon An<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cre. Certes it maye be, that the Foſſe had his courſe by the countrye in ſuch ſort as hée deſcribeth, but that y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Watling ſtreat ſhould paſſe by Atherſto<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, I can not as yet be perſua<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ded. Neuertheleſſe his coniecture is not to be miſliked, ſith it is not vnlikelye that thrée ſe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uerall wayes myght méete at Alderwaye (a towne vpon Tame, beneath Salters bridge) for I do not doubt that the ſayd towne, dyd take his name of all three wayes, as Alder<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mary churche in London, did of all thrée Ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ryes vnto whome it hath béene dedicated, but that the Watling ſtreate ſhoulde be one of them, the compaſſe of his paſſage will in no wiſe permit. And thus much haue I thought good to note by the waye, nowe to returne a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gayne to Leland, and other mens collections. The next tydings that we here of the Wat<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lyng ſtreate is, that it goeth thorowe the Parke at Pomfret, as the common voyce of the country confirmeth: the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce it paſſeth haſti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly ouer Caſtelford bridg, to Aberford, (which is fiue myles from thence, & where are moſt <!--<pb n="37" facs="tcp:29044:46"/>--> manifeſt tokens of thys waye and his broad creſt) to Yorke, to Witherby, & then to Bo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rowbrig, where on the left hand therof ſtood certain monumentes, or <hi rend="text">Pyramides</hi> of ſtone, ſometyme placed there by the Romaines. Theſe ſtones (ſayth Leland) ſtande 8 myles weſt from Bowis, & almoſt weſt from Rich<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>monde a little thorowe fare called may<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>den caſtel ſcituate vpon the ſide of this ſtreat, and here is one of thoſe <hi rend="text">Pyramides</hi> or great rounde heapes, which is thrée ſcore foote co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>paſſe in the bottome. There are other alſo of leſſe quantities, and on the very top of eche of them are ſharp ſtones of a yard in length, but the greateſt of all is eightéene foote hyghe at the leaſt, from the grounde to the verye head. He addeth moreouer howe they ſtande on an hyll: in the edge of Stanes moore, and are as boundes betwéene Richmonde ſhyre, and Weſtmerland. But to procéed this ſtreat lying a myle from Gilling, and two myles from Richmonde commeth on from Borow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>brigge, to Catericke eightéene myles, that is twelue to Leuing, and ſixe to Catericke, then eleuen myles to Gretey, or Gritto, fyue myles to Bottles, eight myles to Burghe on Stanes moore, foure myles from Appleby, & fiue to Browham, where the ſayde ſtreate commeth thorowe Winfoll parke, and ouer the bridge, on Eymouth and Loder, and lea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uing Perith, a quarter of a myle or more, on the weſt ſide of it, goeth to Carleil ſeuentéene myles from Browham, which hath béene ſome notable thing. Hetherto it appeareth e<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uidently, but going from hence into Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande, I heare no more of it, vntill I come to Cathneſſe, which is two hundred and thirtye myles or thereabouts, out of Englande.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 letter"> <desc>•</desc> </gap>rming ſtréte.</note>The Erming ſtreate, which ſome call the Lelme, ſtretcheth out of the eaſt, as they ſaye into the ſoutheaſt, y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> is, from Meneuia or S. Dauids in Wales vnto Southa<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>pton, wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>by it is ſomewhat lykely in déede that theſe two wayes, I meane the Foſſe, and the Er<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ning, ſhoulde méete about Cirneceſter, as it commeth from Gloceſter, according to the opinion conceyued of them in that countrye. Of thys way I finde no more written, and therefore I can ſaye no more of it, except I ſhoulde indeuour to dryue awaye the tyme, in alleadging what other men ſaye thereof, whoſe mindes doe ſo farre diſagrée one from another, as they doe all from a truth, and therefore I gyue them ouer, as not delight<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing in ſuch dealing.</p> <p>The Ikenild or Rikenild, bega<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> ſome where in the ſouth,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap>enilde.</note> and ſo held on toward Cirnece<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſter, then to Worceſter, Wicom<gap reason="illegible" extent="1 letter"> <desc>•</desc> </gap>, Brimmi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cham, Lichfield, Darby, Cheſterfield, and <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>ſſing the Watlingſtréete: ſome where in Yorkeſhire, ſtretched forth in the <gap reason="illegible" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap>e vnto y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> mouth y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> of Tine, where it ended at y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> maine ſea, as moſt men doe confeſſe. I take it to be called the Ikenild, becauſe it paſſed thorow the kingdome of the <hi rend="text">Icenes:</hi> for albeit that Lelande and other followyng him doe ſeme to place the <hi rend="text">Icenes</hi> in Norfolke & Suffolke, yet in myne opinion that cannot wel be done, ſith it is manifeſt by <hi rend="text">Tacitus;</hi> that they laye nere vnto the Sylures, and as I geſſe, ey<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther in Stafford and Worceſter, or in both, except my coniecture do fayl me. The author of the booke entituled <hi rend="text">Eulogi<gap reason="illegible" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> hiſtorianum,</hi> doth call this ſtréete the Lel<gap reason="illegible" extent="2+ letters"> <desc>••…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e: but as herein he is deceyued, ſo haue I delt withal ſo fayth<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fully as I may among ſuch diuerſitie of opi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nions, yet not deniyng but that there is much confuſion in the names and courſes of theſe two latter, the diſcuſſing whereof, I muſt leaue to other men y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> be better lerned then I.</p> </div> <div n="13" type="chapter"> <head>Of the ayre and ſoyle of Britaine. Chap. 13.</head> <p>THe ayre for the moſt part thorowout the Iſland is ſuch, as by reaſon in maner of continuall cloudes, is reputed to be groſſe & nothing ſo pleaſant as that is of the mayne. Howbeit as they which affirme theſe things, haue onely reſpect to the impediment or hin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deraunce of the ſunne beames, by the interpo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſitio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of the cloudes & oft ingroſſed ayre: ſo ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>perience teacheth vs that it is no leſſe pure, holſome, and commodious, then is that of o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther countries, and as <hi rend="text">Caeſar</hi> hymſelfe hereto addeth, much more temperate in ſommer, then that of the Galles, from whome he ad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uentured hither. Neyther is theyr any thing found in the ayre of our Regio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, that is not v<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſually ſéene amongſt other nations lying be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>yond the ſeas. Wherfore, we muſt nedes co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>feſſe, that the ſcituation of our Iſland for be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nefite of the heauens is nothing inferiour to that of any country of the maine, where ſo e<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer it lie vnder the open firmament.</p> <p>The ſoyle of Brytaine is ſuch, as by the teſtimonies and reportes, both of the olde & newe writers, and experience alſo of ſuch as nowe inhabite the ſame, is verye fruitefull, but yet more inclined to the féeding & gra<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſing of the cattell, then profitable for tyllage, & bearing of corn, by reaſon wherof the coun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>try is woonderfully repleniſhed wyth Neat, & al kind of cattell: and ſuch ſtore is there alſo of the ſame in euery place, that y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> fourth part of the land is ſcarcely manured for the proui<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſion and maintena<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce of grayne. Certes, this fruitfulnes was not vnknown vnto the Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tens <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:47"/>--> long before <hi rend="text">Caeſars</hi> time, which was the cauſe wherefore our predeceſſors liuyng in thoſe dayes in maner neglected Tillage, and lyued by féedyng and graſing onely. The graſiers themſelues alſo then dwelled in mo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ueable villages by companies, whoſe cuſtom was to deuide the ground amongſt them, and eche one not to depart from the place where his lo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t lay, till by eating vp of the country a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bout him, he was inforced to remoue fur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther and ſeke for better paſture, and this was the brittiſh cuſtome at the firſt. It hath bene co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>monly reported that the ground of Wales is neyther ſo fruitful as that of England, nei<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther the ſoyle of Scotland ſo bountifull as that of Wales, which is true if it be taken for the moſt part: otherwiſe, there is ſo good grounde in ſome partes of Wales, as is in England, albeit y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> beſt of Scotland be ſcarce<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly comparable to the beſt of eyther of both. Howbeit as the bounty of the Scottiſh doth fayle in ſome reſpect, ſo doeth it ſurmount in other,<note place="margin">Plenty of riuers.</note> God and nature hauyng not appointed all countries to yeld forth lyke commodities. There are alſo in this Iſland great plenty of freſh riuers & ſtreames, as you haue heard already, and theſe thorowly fraught wyth all kyndes of delicate fiſh, accuſtomed to be fou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d in riuers.<note place="margin">Hilles.</note> The whole Iſle likewyſe, is very full of hilles, of which ſome, though not very many, are of excedyng heigth, and diuers ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tendyng themſelues very farre from the be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ginnyng as wée may ſée by Shooters hill, which riſing eaſt of London, & not very far from the Thames runneth along the ſouth ſide of the Iſland weſtward, vntill it come to Corinwall. Lyke vnto theſe alſo are the crowdo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> hils, which from the peke do run into the borders of Scotlande. What ſhoulde I ſpeake of the cheuiot hils which run xx. miles in length: of the blacke mountains in Wales which go from <gap reason="blank" extent="1 word"> <desc> _____ </desc> </gap> to <gap reason="blank" extent="1 word"> <desc> _____ </desc> </gap> miles at the leſt in length, of the Grames in Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande, and of our Chiltren, which are 18. myles at the leſt, from one end of them to the other, of all which, ſome are very well reple<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>niſhed with wood, notwithſtandyng that the moſt part yelde a ſwéete ſhort graſſe, profita<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ble for ſhéep, wherin albeit that they of Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land doe ſomewhat come behind vs, yet their outward defect is inwardly recompe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſed not onely with plenty of quarries, (and thoſe of ſondry kindes of marble hard ſtone, and fine alabaſter) but alſo rich mines of mettal, as ſhalbe ſhewed hereafter.<note place="margin">Windes.</note> In this Iſlande likewyſe the wyndes are commonly more ſtronge and fierce, then in anye other pla<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ces of the maine, and that is often ſéene vp<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pon the naked hilles, which are not garded with trées to beare it of. That grieuous in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>uenience alſo inforceth our, Nobility, gen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>try, and comminaltie,<note place="margin">B<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> to build their houſes in the valeis, leauing the high groundes vnto their corne and cattell, leaſt the cold and ſtor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>my blaſtes of winter ſhould bréede the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> grea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter anoyance, wheras in other Regions eche one deſireth to ſet his houſe aloft on the hyll, not onely to be ſene a farre of, and caſt forth their beames of ſtately & curious workema<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhip into euery quarter of the country, but al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſo (in whote habitations) for coldenſſe ſake of the ayre, ſith the heate is neuer ſo vehement on the hill top as in the valey, becauſe the re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uerberation of the ſunne beame, eyther rea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cheth not ſo farre as the higheſt, or elſe beco<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth not ſo ſtrong, when it is reflected to the lower mountayne.</p> <p>But to leaue our Buyldinges,<note place="margin">Huſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> ame<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> vnto the purpoſed place (which notwithſtanding haue verye muche increaſed, I meane for curio<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſitye and coſte, in Englande, Wales, and Scotland, within theſe fewe yeares) and to returne to the ſoyle againe. Certainelye it is euen now in theſe our dayes growne to bée muche more fruitefull, then it hath bene in times paſt. The cauſe is for that our countrei<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>men are growne to be more paynefull, ſkilful and carefull thorowe recompence of gayne, then heretofore they haue béene, inſomuch that <hi rend="text">my Synchroni</hi> or time felowes, can reap at thys preſent great commoditye in a lyttle roume, whereas of late yeares, a great com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>paſſe hath yéelded but ſmall profite, and thys onely thorowe the ydle and negligent occupa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of ſuch, as mannured and had the ſame in occupying. I myght ſette downe examples out of all the partes of thys Iſlande, that is to ſay, manye out of Englande, moe out of Scotlande, but moſt of all out of Wales, in which two laſt rehearſed, verye little other foode and lyuelyhoode was woont to be loo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ked for beſide fleſhe more then the ſoyle of it ſelfe, and the cow gaue, the people in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> meane tyme lyuing idelly, diſſolutely & by picking and ſtealing one fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> another, all which vices are nowe for the moſt part relinquiſhed, ſo that ech nation manureth hir owne with tri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ple commoditie, to that it was before tyme.</p> <p>The paſture of thys Iſlande is accordyng to the nature & ſcituation of the ſoyle,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> where<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>by in moſt places it is plentifull, verye fine batable, and ſuch as eyther fatteth our cattel with ſpéede, or yéeldeth great abundaunce of mylke and creame, whereof the yelloweſt butter, and fineſt chéeſe are made. But where the blewe claye aboundeth (which hardelye drinketh vppe the winters water in long ſeaſon) there the graſſe is ſpeary, rough, and <!--<pb n="38" facs="tcp:29044:47"/>--> very apte for buſhes, by which occaſion, it be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>commeth nothing ſo profitable to the owner. The beſt paſture ground of all Englande, is in Wales, and of all the paſture in Wales, that of Cardigan is the chiefe. I ſpeake of that which is to be founde in the mountaines there, where the hundreth part of the graſſe growing is not eaten, but ſuffered to rotte on the grounde, whereby the ſoyle becommeth matted, and dyuers Bogges and quicke moores made wyth all in long continuance, bycauſe all the cattle in the countrey are not able to eate it downe.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>dowes</note>Our medowes are either bottomes (wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of we haue great ſtore, and thoſe very large bycauſe our ſoyle is hilly) or elſe lande mea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>des. The firſt of them, are yearely and often ouerflowen by the ryſing of ſuch ſtreames as paſſe thorowe the ſame, or violent falles of lande waters, that dyſcende from the hylles about them. The other are ſeldome or neuer ouerflowen, & that is the cauſe where<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore their graſſe is ſhorter than that of the bottomes, and yet is it farre more fine, whol<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſome, and batable, ſith the haye of our <gap reason="illegible" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>we meddowes is not onely full of ſandy cinder, which bréedeth ſundry diſeaſes in our cattell, but alſo more ro<gap reason="illegible" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>y, foggy, & full of flagges, and therefore not ſo profitable, for <gap reason="illegible" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ouer and forrage as y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> higher meades be. The differe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce furthermore in theyr commodities is great, for whereas in our lande meddowes we haue not often aboue one good loade of haye in an acre of ground, in lowe meaddowes, we haue ſometimes thrée, but commonly aboue twoo, as experience hath oft confirmed.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>.</note>The yéelde of our corne grounde, is alſo much after thys rate following, thorowe out the lande (if you pleaſe to make an eſtimate thereof by the acre) in common and in dyffe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rent yeares, wherin eche acre of Whete well tilled and dreſſed will yéeld commonly twen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tie buſhelles, an acre of Barlie 32. buſhels, of Otes and ſuch lyke, fiue quarters, which proportion is notwythſtanding oft abated, towarde the north, as it is often ſurmounted in the ſouth. Of mixed corne, as peaſon, and beanes, ſowe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> togither, Tares & Otes (which they call bu<gap reason="illegible" extent="1 letter"> <desc>•</desc> </gap>mong,) Rie and Wheate, here is no place to ſpeake, yet theyr yéelde is neuer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>theleſſe much after this proportio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, as I haue often marked.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap>tell.</note>The cattel which we bréede are commonly ſuch as for greatneſſe of bone, ſwéeteneſſe of fleſh, & other benefits to be reaped by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame, giue place vnto none other, as may appeare firſt by our Oxen, whoſe largeneſſe, height weight, tallow, hides, and hornes are ſuch as none of any other nation, do co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>monly or may eaſily excéede the<gap reason="illegible" extent="1 letter"> <desc>•</desc> </gap>. Our ſhéepe likewiſe for good taſte of fleſhe, quantitie of lymmes, <gap reason="illegible" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neſſe of fléece, & abundance of increaſe, (for in many places they bring foorth two or thrée at an eaning) giue no place vnto any, more then do our Goates, who in like ſort do follow the ſame order, and our Deare come not behind. As for our Conies, I haue ſéene the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> ſo fat in ſome f<gap reason="illegible" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap>es, eſpecially about Meal & Diſnege that the grea<gap reason="illegible" extent="1 letter"> <desc>•</desc> </gap>e of one being weighed,<note place="margin">Meal and diſnege.</note> hath pryſed very neare ſixe or 7. ounces, all which benefites we firſt referre to the grace & good<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neſſe of God, and next of all vnto the bountye of our ſoyle, which he hath ſo plentifullye in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dued with ſo ample & large co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>modities. But as I meane to intreate of theſe thinges more largly hereafter, ſo will I touch in this place one benefite which our country wanteth, and that is wyne, the fault whereof is not in our ſoyle,<note place="margin">Wine.</note> but the negligence of our country men (eſpecially of the ſouth parts) who doe not in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ure the ſame to this commoditie, which by reaſon of long diſcontinuance, is nowe be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>come vnapt to beare any Grapes, eyther in the fielde or feuer all vineyardes: Yet of late time ſoone haue aſſayed to deale for wine, but ſithe that lyquor when it commeth to the b<gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>ing hath béene founde more harde then that which is brought from beyond<gap reason="illegible" extent="1 letter"> <desc>•</desc> </gap> the ſea, and the coſt of planting and kéeping thereof <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> their gea<gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>, that they maye h<gap reason="illegible" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap>e it farre better cheape from other Countries: they haue gyuen ouer theyr enterpryſes, wyth<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>oute any conſideration, that <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> in all other thinges, ſo neither the grounde it ſelfe in the begynninge, nor ſucceſſe of their trauaile can anſwere their <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> at the firſt, vntyll ſuch time as the ſoyle be brought as it were <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> in time with this commoditie, and <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>, for the more <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> of charge, to be employed vpon the <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> that where waine doth laſt <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>, there it will grow no woorſe, I <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> wherefore the planting of <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> in England. That this <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> might haue growne in this Iſland heretofore: <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>, to vs, the Galles and <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> ſufficient <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>y. And <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> dyd <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> here, the olde <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> of ty<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thes for <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, that yet remaine in the ac<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>compt <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> in <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> ſutes, <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> eccleſiaſticall courtes, <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>y: alſo the incloſed p<gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>elles <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> euery Abbaye, yet called <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> a notable proofe <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> ſoyle is not to be blamed, as <gap reason="illegible" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> were ſo excéeding ſhort, <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:48"/>--> that the moone which is Lady of moyſture, & chiefe riper of this liquor, cannot in any wiſe ſhine long ynough vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the ſame, a very mer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ry toy,<note place="margin">Wad and Madder ſometime in Eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande. Rape oyle.</note> & fable worthy to be ſuppreſſed. The time hath béene that Wad and Madder, haue béene (next vnto our Tin & Woolles) the chief commodities & Marchaundize of this realm: I fynde alſo that Rape oyle hath béene made within this lande, but nowe our ſoyle wyll beare neither of theſe, not for that the ground is not able ſo to doe, but that we are necly<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gent and careleſſe of our owne profit, as men rather willing to buye the ſame of others the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> take any paine to plant the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> here at home. The like I may ſay of flaxe,<note place="margin">Flaxe.</note> which by lawe ought to be ſowen in euery country towne in Eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande, more or leſſe, but I ſee no ſucceſſe of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> good & wholſome eſtatute, ſith it is rather con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tempteouſly reiected then otherwiſe dutifully kept. Some ſay that our great numbers of lawes,<note place="margin">Number. Alteratio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>. Diſpenſa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tion. Example of ſuperi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ours.</note> whereby it is impoſſible for any man to auoyde theyr tranſgreſſion, is one great cauſe of our negligence in this behalfe. O<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther affirme that the often alteration of our ordinaunces do bréed this general co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tempt of al good <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>was, which after <hi rend="text">Ariſtotle</hi> doth ſeme to carye ſome reaſon withall. But very ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ny let not to ſaye, that facility in diſpenſatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> with them, and manifeſt breche of the ſame in the Superiours, are y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> greateſt cauſes why the inferiours regarde no good order, beyng alwayes ready to offende without any ſuch facultie one way, as they are to preſume vp<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on the example of the higher powers ano<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther. But as in theſe thinges I haue no f<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>yl, ſo ſome wiſhe that fewer licences for the pri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uate commoditie, but of a fewe, were graun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted: & this they ſay, not that they denie y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> exe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cution of the prerogatiue royall, but woulde wyth all theyr hearts that it might be made a grieuous offence, for any man by f<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ced fryndeſhip or otherwiſe, to procure oughte<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> of the Prince, (who is not acquainted wyth the botome of the eſtate of common things) that may bée preiudiciall to the wa<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>le pub<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>like of his country.<note place="margin">Erthes.</note> If it were requiſite that I ſhould ſpeake of the ſundry kinde of mowlde, as y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> cledgy or clay, whereof are ſundry ſorts, red, blew, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> & white: alſo the red or white ſandy, the lomye, roſelly, grauelly, chal<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>y or blacke: I could ſay that there are ſo many di<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uers vaines in Brytaine, as elſe where in a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ny quarter of lyke quantitie in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> world. How<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>beit this I muſt néedes co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>feſſe that the ſandy and cledgy doe beare the greateſt ſway, but y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> clay moſt of all, as hath béene, and yet is al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>waies ſéene and fel<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> thorowe plenty & dearth of corne. For if this latter doe yéelde h<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> full increaſe, then is there generall plenty, wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>as if it fayle then haue we ſcarcity, according to the olde rude verſe, ſet downe of england, but to be vnderſtanded of the whole Iſlande, as experience doth confirme.</p> <q> <l>When the ſande doth ſerue the clay,</l> <l>Then may we ſing well away,</l> <l>But when the clay doth ſerue the ſand</l> <l>Then is it mery with England.</l> </q> <p>I might here intreate alſo of the famous vales in Englande,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> of which one is called the Vale of white horſe, another of Eoueſham, noted to be twelue or thirtéene miles in com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>paſſe, the third of Aſleſbyry y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> goeth by Tame the roote of Ehilterne hils, & ſo to Donſtable, Newport panell, ſtony Stratford, Bucking<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ham, Birſtane parke, &c. And likewiſe of the fourth of Whithart, or Blackemore, in Dor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſetſhire, and alſo the Marſhwood vale, but for<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>aſmuch as I knowe not well their ſeuerall li<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mites, I giue ouer to go any farder in their deſcription at this time. In like ſort it ſhould not be amyſſe to ſpeake of our fennes & other pleaſant bottomes,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> which are not onely indu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ed with excellent ryuers & great ſtore of fine fodder, for neat and horſes in time of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> yere, (whereby they are excéeding benificiall vnto their owners) but alſo of no ſmall compaſſe & quantity in ground. For ſome of our Fennes are well knowen to be eyther 10.12.16.20. or 30. miles in length, that of the Gyrwis yet paſſing al the reaſt, which is ful 60. as I haue often read.<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> Finally I might diſcourſe in like order of the large commons, laide out hereto<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore by the Lordes of the ſoyles for y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> benefite of ſuch poore, as inhabite within y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> compaſſes of their manours, but as the tractatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of them belongeth rather to the ſeconde booke, ſo I meane not at thys preſent to deale wythall, reſeruing the ſame wholly vnto the due place whileſt I go forwarde with the reaſt.</p> </div> <div n="14" type="chapter"> <head>Of the generall conſtitution of the bodyes of the Brytaines. Cap. 14.</head> <p>THoſe that are bredde in this Iſlande are men for the moſt part of a good complet<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ion, tall of ſtature, ſtrong in body, white of coulour, and thereto of great boldeneſſe and courage in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> warres. For ſuch hath béene the eſtimation of engliſh ſouldiers from time to time, ſince our Iſle hath béene knowne vnto the Romaines, that whereſoeuer they haue ſerued in forrein countries, the chiefe brunts <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> ſeruice haue béene reſerued for them. Of their con<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ueſtes and bloudy battailes wo<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ne in Fraunce, Germany, and Scotlande, our hiſtories are full: and where they haue béene ouercome, the victors themſelues confeſſed their victories to haue ben ſo dearely bought, that they woulde not gladly couete to ouer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>come <!--<pb n="39" facs="tcp:29044:48"/>--> often, after ſuch difficult maner. In martiall proweſſe, there is little or no diffe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rence betwene Engliſhmen and Scottes, for albeit that the Scottes haue béene often and very grieuouſly ouercome by the force of our nation, it hath not béene for want of manhood on their partes, but through y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> mercy of God ſhewed on vs, and his iuſtice vpon them, ſith they alwaies haue begun the quarels and of<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fred vs méere iniurie with great deſpite and crueltie. Leland noting ſomewhat of the co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtitution of our bodies, ſayeth theſe wordes, the Britaines are whyte in coulour, & ſtrong of body, as people inhabiting néere the north, and farre from the <hi rend="text">Equinoctiall</hi> line, where contrariewyſe ſuch as dwell towarde the courſe of the ſunne, are leſſe of ſtature, wea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ker of body, more fearfull by nature, blacker in coulour, and ſome ſo blacke in déede as a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nye Crow or Rauen, thus ſayeth he. Howbe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>it, as theſe men doe come behinde vs in con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtitution of bodie, ſo in Pregnancie of witte, nimbleneſſe of lymmes, and pollitike inuen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tions, they generally excéede vs: notwithſta<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding that otherwiſe theſe giftes of theirs doe often degenerate, into méere ſubtiltie, inſta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bilitie,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>rmis <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>genio <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>tur</note> vnfaithfulneſſe and crueltie. We ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore dwelling néere the North, are common<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly taken by forrein Hyſtoriographers and o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thers, to be men of great ſtrength and little policie, much courage and ſmall ſhift: & thus doth <hi rend="text">Comineus</hi> burden vs after a ſort in hys hiſtory. But thanked be God, that all the wit of his countrymen coulde neuer compaſſe to doe ſo much in Britaine, as the ſtrength and courage of our Engliſhmen, (not without great wiſedome, and forecaſt) haue brought to paſſe in Fraunce. Certes in accuſing our wiſedome in this ſorte, he doth in mine opi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nion increaſe our commendation, for if it be a vertue to deale vprightly with ſingleneſſe of minde: ſincerely and plainly, without any ſuſpicious fetches in all our dealinges, then are our countreymen to be accompted ver<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tuous. But if it be a vice to coulour crafti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neſſe, ſubtile practiſes, doubleneſſe and hollow behauiour, with a cloke of pollicie, amitie and wiſedome, then are <hi rend="text">Comineus</hi> and his com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>panie to be reputed vicious. How theſe latter pointes take holde in Italy, I meane not to diſcuſſe, how they are daily practized in many places of the maine, and he accompted moſt wyſe and pollitike, that can moſt of all diſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſemble, here is no place iuſtly to determine, (neyther woulde I wiſhe my countrymen to learne any ſuch wiſedome) but that a king of Fraunce, coulde ſay, <hi rend="text">Qui neſcit diſsimulare, neſcit regnare,</hi> their owne hyſtories are teſti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>monies ſufficient. But to procéede with our purpoſe. With vs <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> doe liue an hundred yeares, very many <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>oure ſower ſcore: as for thrée ſcore; it is taken but for our enteraunce into age, ſo that in Britain, no man is ſayde to were old til he draw vnto thre ſcore. Theſe two are alſo noted in vs (as thinges appar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tayning to the firme conſtitutions of our bo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dies) that there hath not béene ſéene in any Region ſo many cartaſſes of the dead to re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>maine from time to time without corruption as in Britain: and that after death by ſlaugh<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter or otherwyſe ſuch as remayne vnburied by foure or fiue dayes togither are eaſte to be knowen and diſcerned by their friendes and kinred, wheras <hi rend="text">Tacitus</hi> and other complaine of ſundry nations, ſaying, that their bodies are <hi rend="text">tam fluidae ſubſtantiae,</hi> that within cer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>taine houres the wife ſhall hardely knowe hir huſbande, the mother hir ſonne, or one friende another, after their liues be ended. I might here adde ſomewhat alſo of the meane ſtature generally of our women, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> beau<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tie commonly excéedeth the faire <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> thoſe of the maine, their comlynes of perſon and good proportion of limmes, moſt of theirs y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> come ouer vnto vs from beyonde the ſea. I coulde make report likewyſe of the naturall vices & vertues of all thoſe y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> are borne within thys Iſlande, but as the tractation thereof craueth a better head then mine to ſet it forth, ſo I will giue place to other men, that liſt to take the ſame in hand. Thus much therfore of the conſtitutions of our bodies, and ſo much may ſuffice.</p> </div> <div n="15" type="chapter"> <head>How Britayne grew at the firſt to be deuided into three portions. Chap. 1.</head> <p>AFter the commyng of <hi rend="text">Brutus</hi> into this Iſland (which was as you haue red in the aforeſayd treatize, about the yere of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> world, 2840 or 1127 before y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> incarnation of Chriſt) he made a general ſuruey of the whole Iſla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d from ſide to ſide, by ſuch meanes to view and ſearch out not onely the limites and boundes of his dominions, but alſo what commodities this new atchieued conqueſt might yeld vnto hys people. Furthermore, findyng out at the laſt alſo a couenable place wherein to erect a citie, he began there euen y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> very ſame, which at this day is called London, namyng it Tre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nouanton, in remembraunce of olde Troye, from whence hys aunceſters procéeded, & for which the Romaines pronounced afterward <hi rend="text">Trinobantum,</hi> although the Welchmen doe call it ſtill Trenewith. This city was builded as ſome write, much about the tenth yeare of his raigne, ſo y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> he lyued not aboue 15. yeares <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:49"/>--> after he had finiſhed y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſame. But of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> reſt of hys other actes attempted and done, before or after the erection of this city, I finde no cer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tayne report, more then that when he had raigned in this Iſland after his arriuall by the ſpace of 24. yeares, he finiſhed his dayes at Trenouanton aforeſayde, beyng in hys young and floriſhyng age, where at his car<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>caſe was honorably interred. As for the ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ner of hys death, I finde as yet no mention therof among ſuch writers as are extant. I meane whether it grew vnto him by defect of nature, or force of grieuous woundes recey<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ued in hys warres agaynſt ſuch as withſtood him from tyme to tyme in this Iſlande, and therefore I can ſay nothing of that matter. Herein onely all agrée, that duryng the tyme of his languiſhing paynes, he made a diſpoſi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tion of his whole kyngdome, deuiding it into thrée partes or portions, according to the nu<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber of his ſonnes then liuing, whereof the ol<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deſt excéeded not 28. yeres of age, as my con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>iecture gaueth me.<note place="margin">Locrine.</note> To the eldeſt therefore, whoſe name was Locrine, he gaue the grea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>teſt and beſt Region of all the reſt,<note place="margin">Loegria.</note> whiche of hym to this day is called Lhoegres among the Britons, but in our language Englande, of ſuch Engliſh Saxons as made conqueſt of the ſame. This portio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> alſo is included on the ſouth with the Brittiſh ſea, on the eaſt wyth the Germaine Ocean, on the north wyth the Humber, and on the weſt with the Iriſh ſea, and the riuers Dée and Sauerne, wherof in the general deſcription of this Iſland, I haue ſpoken more at large. To Camber his ſeco<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d ſonne,<note place="margin">Camber. Cambria.</note> he aſſigned all that lyeth beyonde the Sauerne and Dée towarde the weſt, (whiche parcel in theſe dayes conteineth Southwales and Northwales) with ſondry Iſlandes ad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>iacent to the ſame, the whole beyng in maner cut of and ſeperated from England or Loe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gria by the ſaid ſtreames, wherby it ſéemeth almoſt <hi rend="text">Pemuſula,</hi> or a bye land, if you reſpect the ſmall hilly portion of ground that lyeth indifferently betwene their maine courſes or ſuch branches at the leaſt as run and fall in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to them. The Welchmen or Brytons call it by the auncient name ſtill vnto this day, but we Engliſhmen terme it Wales, which de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nomination we haue from the Saxons, who in time paſt did vſe the word Walſhe in ſuch ſort as we do ſtraunge: for as we cal all thoſe ſtraungers that are not of our nation, ſo dyd they name them Walſhe which were not of their countrey. The third and laſt part of the Iſland he allotted vnto Albanacte hys youn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>geſt ſonne (for he had but thrée in all,<note place="margin">Albanact.</note> as I haue ſayd before) whoſe portion ſéemed for circuite to be more large, then that of Cam<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber, and in maner equall in greatneſſe wyth the dominions of Locrinus: But if you haue regard to the ſeuerall commodities that are to be reaped by eche, you ſhal find them to be not much diſcrepaunt or differing one from another: for what ſo euer the firſt and ſecond haue in plenty of corne, fine graſſe, and large cattell. This latter wanteth not in excéedyng ſtore of fiſhe, rich mettall, quarries of ſtone, and aboundaunce of wylde foule: ſo that in myne opinion, there coulde not be a more e<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>quall particion then this made by Brute, and after the aforeſayd maner. This later parcel at the firſt, toke the name of <hi rend="text">Albanactus,</hi> who called it Albania. But now a ſmall portion onely of the Region (beyng vnder the regi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ment of a Duke) reteyneth the ſayd denomi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nation, the reaſt beyng called Scotlande, of certayne Scottes that came ouer from Ire<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land to inhabite in thoſe quarters. It is deui<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ded from Loegres alſo by the Humber,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> ſo that Albania as Brute left it, conteyned all the north part of the Iſland that is to be fou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d beyond the aforeſayd ſtreame, vnto the point of Catheneſſe. To conclude, Brute hauyng deuided hys kingdome after this maner, and therin conteniyng himſelfe as it were wyth the general title of the whole, it was not lo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g after ere he ended his life, and being ſolemn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly interred at his new city by his thrée chil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dren, they parted eche from other, and tooke poſſeſſion of their prouinces. But Scotland after two yeres fell agayn into the handes of <hi rend="text">Locrinus</hi> as to the chiefe Lord, by the death of his brother Albanact,<note place="margin">Locri<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> king <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> of Sc<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>land.</note> who was ſlayne by Humber kyng of the Seithie<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s, and left none iſſue behynde hym to ſuccéede hym in that kyngdome.</p> </div> <div n="16" type="chapter"> <head>That notwithſtanding the former diuiſion made by Brute vnto his children, the ſoue<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>reigntie of the whole Iſlande remained ſtill to the prince of Lhoegres and his poſteritie after him. Chap. xvj.</head> <p>IT is poſſible that ſome of the Scottiſh na<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tion reading the former chapter will take offence with me for meaning y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> the principa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>litie of the North partes of this Iſle, hath al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wayes belonged to the kinges of Lhoegres.<note place="margin">The Scot<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> alway<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> deſinr<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> to <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> ſubi<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> haue o<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ten <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> cruell <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> odious tempta<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> to be, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> in <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> </note> For whoſe more ample ſatiſfaction in this behalfe, I will here ſet downe therfore a diſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>courſe therof at large, written by diuers, and nowe finally brought into one Treatiſe, ſuf<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ficient as I thinke to ſatiſfie the reaſonable, although not halfe ynough peraduenture to content a wrangling minde, ſith there is or at the leaſt wyſe hath béene nothing more o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dious amo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g ſome, then to heare that the king<!-- <pb n="40" facs="tcp:29044:49" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> of England hath oughtes to doe in Scotland. How their Hiſtoriographers haue attempted to ſhape a couloured excuſe to auoyde ſo ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nifeſt a tytle, all men maye ſée that reade their bookes indifferently, whereunto I doe referre them. For my part there is little or nothing of myne herein, more then onely the collection of a number of fragmentes to<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gither, wherein chiefly I haue vſed the helpe of <hi rend="text">Nicholas Adams,</hi> who wrate thereof of ſet purpoſe to king Edward the ſixt, as Leland dyd the lyke to king Henry the eyght, Iohn Harding vnto Edwarde the fourth, beſide thrée other, whereof the firſt dedicated hys Treatiſe to Henry the fourth, the ſeconde to Edwarde the thirde, and the thirde to Ed<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>warde the firſt, as their writinges yet extant doe abund<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ntly beare witneſſe. The tytle alſo that Lelande giueth his booke, which I haue had written with his owne hands, beginneth in this maner. <q>Theſe remembraunces follo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wing are found in Chronicles authorized re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>maining in diuers nonaſteries both in Eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande and Scotlande, by which it is euident<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly knowen & ſhewed, that the kinges of En<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gland haue had, and nowe ought to haue the ſouereignetie ouer Scotlande, wyth the ho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mage and fealtie of the kings their reigning from time to time. Herevnto you haue heard already what diuiſio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Brute made of this Iſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande not long before his death, wherof eche of his childre<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> ſo ſone as he was enterred toke ſeiſure and poſſeſſion.</q> Howbeit after two yeres it happened that <hi rend="text">Albanact</hi> was ſlayne, wherevpon <hi rend="text">Locrinus</hi> and Camber rayſed their powers reuenged his death, and finally the ſayde Loctinus, made an entraunce vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <hi rend="text">Albania,</hi> ſeyzed it into his owne handes (as ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cheated wholly vnto himſelfe) without yéel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding any part therof vnto his brother Cam<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ber, who made no clayme nor title vnto any portion of the ſame. Herby then ſayth <hi rend="text">Adams</hi> it euidently appeareth that the entier ſeignio<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rie ouer <hi rend="text">Albania</hi> conſiſted in <hi rend="text">Locrinus,</hi> accor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding to which example lykeland among bre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thren euer ſince hath continued, in preferring the eldeſt brother to the onely benefite of the collaterall aſſencion from the youngeſt, aſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſwell in Scotlande as in England vnto this daye.</p> <p>Ebranke the lineall heire from the bodie of this Locrine, that is to ſay the ſonne of Mem<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pris; ſonne of Madan, ſonne of the ſame Lo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>crine, buylded in Albania the caſtle of May<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dens nowe called Edenbrough: and the Ca<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtle of Alcluith or Alclude, now called Dun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>briton; as the Scottiſh Hector Boethius con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>feſſeth: wherby it moſt euidently appeareth that our Ebranke was then thereof ſeaſed.</p> <p>This Ebranke reigned in the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> ouer the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> a long time, after whoſe death Alba<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nia as annexed to the empire of the Britaine, deſcended to the onely king of Britons, vntill the diſcent to the two ſiſters ſonnes, M<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>gan and Conedage, lineall heires from the ſayde Ebranke, who brotherly vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the firſt exam<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ple deuided y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> realme. Morga<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> had Lhoegr<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>, and Conedage ha<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> Alban<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>: but ſhortly af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter Morgan the elder brother ponde<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap>g in hys hed, the loue to his brother with the loue to a kingdome, excluded nature & gaue place to ambition, and therupo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> denouncing warre, death miſerably ended hys life (as the re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>warde of his vntruth) wherby Conedage ob<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tayned the whole Empire of all Britaine, in which ſtate he remayned during his naturall lyfe.</p> <p>From him the ſame lineally deſcended to the onelye king of Britons, vntill after the reigne of Gorbodian, who had iſſue two ſons, Ferres, and Porres: This Porres requy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ring lyke diuiſion of the lande, affirming the for<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>er particions to be rather of lawe then fauour, was by the handes of his elder bro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther, both of his lyfe and hoped kingdome be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>reued at once: whereupon their vnnaturall mother vſing hir natural malice, for the deth of hir one ſonne, without regard of the loſſing of both, miſerably ſlew the other.</p> <p> <hi rend="text">Cloten</hi> by all writers aſwell Scottiſhe as other, was the next inheritour to the whole Empire, but lacking power (the only meane in thoſe dayes to obtayne right) he was con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tented to deuide the ſame among thrée of his kinſmen, ſo that Scater had Albania. But af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter the death this Cloten his ſonne Dunnal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lo Mulmutius made war<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e vpon theſe thrée Kinges, and at laſt ouercame them, and ſo re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>couered the whole dominion, in token of which victorie, he cauſed himſelfe to be crow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned with a crowne of gold, the very firſt that was worne among the kinges of this nation. This Dunuallo erected temples, wherein the people ſhoulde aſſemble for Prayer, to which temples he gaue benefite of Sanctuarie: he made the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> for wager of battaile, in caſes of murder and <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>lonte, whereby a théefe that lyued and made his art of <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ighting, ſhoulde for his purgation fight wyth the true man, which he had robbed: but he beléeued that the Goddes (for then they ſuppoſed many) would by myracle aſſigne victorie to the innocent partie. The priuileges of which firſt ſawe & benefite of the latter, aſwell in Scotlande as in Englande, be midyed to this day few cau<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſes by late poſitiue lawes among vs excep<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted, wherein the benefite of wager of bat<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ta<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>le is expelled <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> by which obedience to hys <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:50"/>--> lawes, it doth manifeſtly appeare, that thys Dunuallo was then ſeaſed of Albania nowe called Scotland: This Dunuallo reigned in thys eſtate ouer them many yeares. Beline & Brenne the ſonnes of this Dunuallo, dyd af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter theyr fathers death, fauourably deuide the land betwéene them: ſo that Beline had Lo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gres, and Brenne had Albania: but for that this Brenne (a ſubiect) without the conſent of his elder brother and Lord, aduentured to marry with the daughter of the king of Den<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>marke: Beline ſeaſed Albania into his owne handes, and thereuppon cauſed the notable wayes priuileged by Dunuallons Lawes to be newly wrought by mens handes, which for the length was from the furder part of Cornewall, vnto the the ſea by North Cath<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nes in Scotland: & for religion in thoſe daies, he co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſtituted miniſters called Archeflamines in their functions moſt like the aucthoritie of Biſhoppes at this daye, the one of which re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mained at Ebranke now called Yorke, and whoſe power exte<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ded to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> vttermoſt bondes of Albany, wherby lykewyſe appeareth that it was then within his dominion. After his death the whole Iſle was enioyed by the on<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lye kings of Britaine, vntill the tyme of Vi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>genius and Perydurus lineall heires from the ſayde Belyne who fauourably made par<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ticion, ſo that Vigenius had all the land from Humber ſouth, and Perydurus from thence North all Albania. This Vigenius died, and Perydurus ſuruiued, and thereby obtayned the whole, from whome the ſame quietly diſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cended, and was by his poſteritie according<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly enioyed, vnto the reigne of king Coell, of that name the firſt. In hys tyme an obſcure nation by moſt writers ſuppoſed Scithians, paſſed by ſeas from Irelande, and arriued in that part of Britaine called Albania: againſt, whome this Coell aſſembled his power, and being entred Albania to expell the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, one Fer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gus in the night diſguiſed, entered the tent of this Coell, and in his bed traiterouſly ſlew him. This Fergus was therefore in reward of ſuch vertue made there King, whereupon they ſat downe in that part, with their wiues and children, and called it Scotlande, and themſelues Scottes: from the beginning of the worlde,<note place="margin">After the Scottiſhe accompt.</note> foure thouſande and ſixe hundred and ſeuentéene yeares, which by iuſt compu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tacion and confeſſion of all their owne wry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ters, is ſixe hundred yeares lacking tenne, after that Brutus had reigned ouer y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> whole Iſland, the ſame land being enioyed by him and his poſteritie before their comming, du<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ring two and fiftie diſcentes of the kinges of Britaine. Certes this intruſion into a land ſo many hundred yeares before inhabited, and by ſo many diſce<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ts of kings quietly enioyed, is the beſt tytle that all their owne writers alledge for them. This Fergus hereupo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> im<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mediately did deuyde Albania alſo amo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g his Capitaines and their people: whereby it moſt euidently appeareth that there were no people of that nation inhabiting there before, in proofe wherof, the ſame particion ſhall fol<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lowe.</p> <p>The landes of Cathnes lying againſt Ork<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nay,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> </note> betwéene Dummeſbey and the Water of Thane, was giuen vnto one Cornath, a ca<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pitaine and his people. The landes betwéene the Water of Thane and Nes, nowe called Roſſe, lying in bredth from Cromart to the mouth of the water of Lochte, were giuen to Lutorke, another Capitaine and his people. The landes betwéene Spay and Nes, from the Almaine ſeas to the Ireland Seas, now called Murray land, were giue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> to one War<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>roche and his people. <q>The lande of Thalia now called Boyn Aynze, Bogewall, Gariot, Formartine, and Bowguhan, were giuen to one Thalis and his people. The landes of Marr Badezenoche, & Lochquhaber, were giuen to Marrache and his people. The lands of Lorne and Kintier, with the hilles & moun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>taynes thereof, lying from Mar to the Ire<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande ſeas, were giuen to Capitaine No<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>naunce and his people. The landes of Athole were giuen to Atholus, another capitaine & his people.</q> The landes of Strabraun, and Brawdawane lying Weſt from Dunkell, were giuen to Creones and Epidithes two Capitaynes. The landes of Argile, were gi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uen to Argathelus a Capitaine. The landes of Linnor & Clidiſdale, were allotted to Lol<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gona a captaine. The landes of Silu<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ia now called Kile, Carrike and Cunyngham, were giuen to Silurche another Capitaine. The landes of Brigance nowe called Gallowaie, were giuen to the compaignie called Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gandes, which as their beſt menne, were ap<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pointed to dwell next the Britons, who after<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>warde expulſed the Britons from Aunan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dale in Albany, whereby it is confeſſed to be before inhabited by Britons. The reſidue of the lande now called Scotland, that is to ſay: Meirnis, Angas, Steremo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>de, Gowry, Stra<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>hern, Pirth, Fiffe, Striucling, Callendes, Calderwoode, Lougthian, Mers, Teuedale, with other the rement Dales, and the She<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rifdome, of Berwicke were then enioyed by a nacion mingeled in marriage wyth Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tons, and in their obedience whoſe capitaine called Berynger, buylded the caſtle & towne of Berwicke vpon Twede, and theſe people were called Pictes, vppon whome by the death of this Coell, theſe Scottes had opor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tunitie <!--<pb n="41" facs="tcp:29044:50"/>--> to vſe warre, wherof they ceaſed not, vntill ſuch time as it pleaſed God to appoint an other Coli king of Brito<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s, agaynſt whoſe name, albeit they hoped for a like victory to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> firſt, yet he preuayled and ceaſed not his <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ar, vntill theſe Scot<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>es were vtterly expulſed out of all the boundes of Britayne, in which they neuer dared to reenter, vntill the trou<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bleſome raigne of Scicill kyng of Britones, which was the xij. king after this Coll. Du<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ryng all which tyme the countrey was reen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>habited by the Britons. But then the Scots turning the ciuill diſcord of this realme, be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twene this Sycill and his brother Blede to their beſt auauntage, arriued agayne in Al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bania, & there made one Reuther theyr king.</p> <p>Vpon this their new arriuall, new warre was made vpon them by this Sicill kyng of Britons, in which warre Reuther their new kyng dyed, and There as ſuccéeded agaynſt whom the warre of Britones cea<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ed not, vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>till he fréely ſubmitted himſelfe vnto the ſaid Sicill king of Britones at Ebranke, that is Yorke, where ſhortly after the tenth yeare of his raigne he dyed. Fynnane brother of Io<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſine ſucceded by their election to the kingdom of Scottes, who ſhortly after compelled by the warres of the ſame Sicill, declared hym<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſelfe ſubiect, and for the better aſſuraunce of his fayth and obeſſaunce to the kyng of Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tons, deliuered his ſonne Durſtus into the handes of this Sicill: who fanteſ<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>yng y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> child and hopyng by his owne ſucceſſion to alter their ſubtiltle (I will not ſay duplicitie) ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ried hym in the ende to Agaſia hys owne daughter.</p> <p>This Durſtus was their next kyng, but for that he had maried a Britton woman, (thoughe ſhe was a kynges daughter) the ſcots hated hym for the ſame cauſe, for which they ought rather to haue liked hym <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>he bet<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter, and therfore not onely traiterouſly ſlewe hym: but further to declare the ende of theyr malice, diſhenheri<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap> as much as in them was, the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>hes of the ſame Durſtus and A<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gaſia. Hherupon new warre ſprong betwene them and vs, which <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> not vntill they were contented to receyue Edeir to theyr kyng, the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> in bloud<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> then liuyng, diſcen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ded from Durſtus and Agaſia, and thereby the bloud of Britons of the part<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> of the mo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther, was reſtored to the crowne of Albania, ſo that nature whoſe law is immutable, cau<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed this hand of loue to hold. For ſhortly af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter this Edeir attended vpon Caſtibelane king of Britons, for the repulſe of <hi rend="text">Iulius Cae<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſar,</hi> as their owne author <hi rend="text">Boctius</hi> confeſſeth. Who co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>mau<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ded the ſame as his ſubiect, but <hi rend="text">Iulius Caeſar</hi> after his third arriual by tre<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ſon of <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, preuayled againſt the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> and thereupon <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> this Eder into ſcotland, and as <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> mentalies, subdued all the Iſle of <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> which, thoughe the liuyng Scottes <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> their head writers confeſſe that he cauſe be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>yond Callender woode, and call downe Ca<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>melon, the principall city of Pic<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>tes, and in token of this victory not <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ere from <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, builded a round Temple <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>, which re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mayned in ſome perfection vnto the raign of our king Edwarde called the firſt after the Conqueſt, by whome it was <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, but the monume<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t therof remayneth to thys <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>.</p> <p>Marius the ſon of Ar<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ragus, being king of all Britaine, in his tyme one Rodericke a Scythian, with a great<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>rable of needy ſouldi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ours, came to the water of Frithe in Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land, which is an arme of the ſea, deuidyng Pentland from Fiffe, againſt whome thys Marius aſſembled a power, by whiche he ſlew this Rodericke, and diſcomfited his peo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ple in Weſtmerland: but to thoſe that remai<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned in lyfe, he gaue the countrey of Cathenes in Scotlande, which prooueth it to be within hys owne dominion.</p> <p>Coill the ſonne of this Marius, had <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> Lucius, counted the firſt chriſtia<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> king of this nacion<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> he conue<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ed the thrée <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> of this land into Biſhoprikes, and ordeyned biſhops vnto eche of them: the firſt remained at London, and his power extended from the fartheſt part of Cornewall, to Humber wa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ter, the ſecond remayned at Yorke, and hys power ſtretched from Humber to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> fartheſt part of all Scotland. The third remayned at Caerles vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the riuer of Wiſke in Glamor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gan in Wales, and his power extended fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Seuerne thorough all Wales. Some write that he made but two, & turned their names to Archbiſhops, the one to remayne at Can<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>terbury, the other at Yorke: yet they confeſſe that <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> of Yorke had iuriſdiction through all Scotland, eyther of which is ſufficient to proue ſcotla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d to be then vnder his dominion.</p> <p>Seuerus by birth & Romaine, but in bloud a Briton, and the lineall heire of the body of Androgius, ſon of Lu<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>, and Nephwe of Caſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſibelaine, was ſhortly after Emperour and king of Britons, in whoſe tyme the people to whom his aunceſter Marius gaue the land of Cathenes in Scotland, conſpired wyth the Scottes and receyued them from the Iſles into Scotland. But hereupon this Seuerus came into Scotland, and méetyng with their fayth and falſe hartes together, droue them all out of the mayne lande into Iſles, the vt<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>termoſt bondes of all great Britayne. But notwithſtanding this glorious victory, the <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:51" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> Britons conſidering their ſeruitude to the Romaines, impoſed by treaſon of Androge<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>us, aunceſter to this Seuerus began to hate hym, whome yet they had no tyme to loue, & who in their defence and ſuretie, had ſlayne of the Scottes and their confederates in one battaile xxx. thouſandes: but ſuch was the co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſideration of the common ſort in thoſe dayes, whoſe malice no tyme could deminiſhe, nor iuſt deſert appeaſe.</p> <p> <hi rend="text">Antoninus Baſſianus</hi> born of a Brito<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> woma<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, and Geta borne by a Romayn woman, were the ſonnes of this Seuerus, who after the death of their father, by the contrary voyces of their people, contended for the crown. Few Britones helde with Baſſianus, fewer Ro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>maynes with Geta: but the greater number with neither of both. In the ende Geta was ſlayne, and Baſſianus remayned Emperor, againſt whom Carauſius rebelled, who gaue vnto the Scottes, Pichtes, and Scithians, the countrey of Cathenes in Scotland, which they after inhabited, wherby appeareth hys ſeiſon thereof.</p> <p>Coill diſcended of the bloude of auncient kinges of this land, was ſhortly after kyng of the Britons, whoſe onely daughter & heire called Helene, was maried vnto Conſtanti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>us a Romaine, who daunted the rebellion of all partes of great Britayne, and after the death of this Coil, was in y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> right of his wife kyng thereof, and raigned in his ſtate ouer them 13. or 14. yeares.</p> <p>Conſtantine the ſonne of thys Conſtance, and Helen, was next King of Britons by the ryght of hys mother, who paſſing to Rome, to receyue the Empyre thereof, deputed one Octauius king of Wales & Duke of the Gwiſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſes, (which ſome expounde to be afterwarde called weſt Saxons) to haue the gouerneme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t of thys dominion. But abuſing the kinges innocent goodneſſe, thys Octauius defrau<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ded thys truſte, and tooke vppon himſelfe the Crowne, for which traytorys albeit he was once vanquiſhed by Leonine Traheron, vncle to Conſtantine: yet after the death of thys Traheron, he preuayled agayne and reigned ouer all Briteygne. Conſtantine beyng nowe Emperour, ſent to Maximius his kinſeman hether to deſtroy the ſame Oc<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tauius, whom in ſingular battail diſcomfited Octauius, whereupon thys Maximius, aſwel by the conſent of great Conſta<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>tine, as by the election of all the Brytons, for that he was a Bryton in bloude, was made King of Bryteigne. This Maximius made war vpon the Scottes and Scythians wythin al Bry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>teygne, and cea<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ed not vntill he had ſlayne Eugenius theyr King, & expulſed and dryuen them out of the whole bounds of Briteygne. Finally he inhabited al Scotland with Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tons, no man, woman nor child of the Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tiſh natio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, ſuffred to remain within <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>t, which as theyr Hector Boetius ſaith, was for theyr rebellion, & rebellio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> properly could it not be; except they had béene ſubiectes. He ſuffered the Pichtes alſo to remaine his ſubiects, who made ſolemne othes to hym after, neuer to erect any peculiar King of theyr owne natio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, but to remaine vnder the olde Empyre, of the onely kyng of Brytons.</p> <p>About xlv. yeres after this (beyng long time after the death of this Maximius) wyth the helpe of Gonnan or Gonan and Melga, the Scottes newly arriued in Albania, and there created one Fergus the ſecond of that name to be their kyng. But becauſe they were be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore baniſhed the continent land, they crow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned him kyng of their auenture in Argile, in the fatall chaire of Marble, the yeare of our Lord, CCCC.xxij. as they write.</p> <p>Maximian ſonne of Leonine Traheron, brother to kyng Coil, and vncle to Helene, was by line all ſucceſſion next kyng of Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tons. But to appeaſe y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> malice of Dionothus king of Wales, who alſo claimed y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> kingdo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, he maried Othilia eldeſt daughter of Diono<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thus, and afterward aſſembled a great pow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>er of Britons, and entered Albania, inuading Galloway, Mers, Annandale, Pentlande, Carrike, Kyll, and Cuningham, and in bat<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>taile ſlew both this Fergus then kyng of Scottes, and Durſius the king of Pichtes, & exiled all their people, out of the continent land: wherupon the few number of Scottes then remainyng on her, went to Argila, and made Eugenius their kyng.</p> <p>When this Maximian had thus obteyned quietnes in Britain, he departed w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> hys coſin Cona<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Meridocke into Armerica, where they ſubdued the kyng<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> and depopulated the countrey, which he gaue to Conan his coſin, to be afterward inh<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>bited by Britons by the name of Britayne the leſſe: and hereof this realme tooke name of Britayne the greate, which name by conſent of forreine writers, in kepeth vnto this day.</p> <p>After the death of Maximian, diſſenti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on beyng betwene the nobles of great Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tayne, the Scottes ſwarmed together again, and came to the wall of Adrian, where thys realme being deuided in many factions, they ouercame one. And hereupon their Hector Boetius, (as an henne that for laying of one egge, will make a great cakelyng) ſolemnly triumphing of a conqueſt before the victory, alleageth that herebye the Britons were made tributaries to the Scottes, and yet he <!--<pb n="42" facs="tcp:29044:51"/>--> confeſſeth that they wonne no more land, by that ſuppoſed conqueſt, but the ſame porcion betwene them and Humber, which in the old partitions before, was annexed to Albania. It is hard to be beleued, that ſuch a broken nacion as the Scottes at that tyme were re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>turning from baniſhment within foure yeres before, and ſince in battaile loſing both theyr kinges, and the great number of theyr beſt men, to be thus able to make a conqueſt of great Britayne, & very vnlikely if they had co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>quered it, they woulde haue left the whote ſunne of the Eaſt partes, to dwell in the cold ſnow of Scotla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d. Incredible it is, that if they had co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>quered it, they would not haue deputed officers in it, as in caſes of conqueſt behoo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ueth. And it is beyonde all beliefe, that great Britayne or any other countrey, ſhoulde be woon without the comming of any enimy in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>to it, as they did not, but taried at the ſame wall of Adrian. But what néede I ſpeake of theſe defences, when the ſame <hi rend="text">Boetius</hi> ſcant<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly truſteth his owne beliefe in this tale. For he ſayeth that <hi rend="text">Galfride</hi> and ſundry other au<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tentike writers, diuerſlye vary fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> this part of his ſtory, wherein his owne thought accu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſeth his conſcience of vntruth: Herein alſo, he further forgetting how it behooueth a lyer to be myndefull of his aſſertion in the fourth chapiter next followyng, wholly bewrayeth hymſelfe, ſaying that the confederate kinges of Scottes and Pictes, vpon ciuill warres betwene the Britons which then was folow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>yng, hoped ſhortly to enioy all the lande of great Britayne, from beyond Humber vnto the freſh ſea, which hope had bene vayne, and not leſſe then voyde, if it had bene their owne by any conqueſt before.</p> <p>Conſtantine of little Britayne, deſcended from Conan king thereof, coſine of Brutes bloud to thys Maximian, & his nereſt heyre was next king of Britayne, he immediately purſued the Scots with warres, & ſhortly in battaile ſlue their kyng Dongard, in the firſt yeare of his raygne, whereby he recouered Scotlande out of their handes, and tooke all the holdes thereof into hys owne cuſtody.</p> <p>Vortiger ſhortly after obteined the crowne of Britayne, againſt whome the Scottes newly rebelled: for y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> repreſſing wherof (miſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>truſting the Britons, to hate hym for ſundry cauſes, as one that to auoyd the ſmoke, doth oft fall into y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> fire) receyued Hengeſt a Saxo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, and a greate number of his cou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>trimen, with whom & a few Britons, he entered ſcotland and ouercame them, whereupon they tooke the Iſles, which are theyr common refuge. He gaue alſo much of Scotlande, as Gallo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>way, Pentland, Mers and Annandale, with ſundry other landes to thys Hengeſt and his people to inhabite, which they did according<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lye. But when thys Hengeſt in proceſſe of tyme, thirſted after the whole Kingdome, he was baniſhed, and yet afterwarde beyng re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtored, he conſpired with the ſcottes againſt Aurilambroſe the ſonne of Conſtantine, the iuſt inheritour of this whole dominion. But his vntruth and theirs both were recompen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed togither, for hée was taken priſoner by Eldulph de Samor a noble man of Bry<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>teyne, and his heade for his traitory,<note place="margin">Some thinke the Seymors to come from this man by li<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neal diſce<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t.</note> ſtriken of at the co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>mandement of Aurilambros. In the fielde the ſcottes were vanquiſhed: but Octa the ſonne of Hengeſt was receiued to mercye, to whome and his people this Auril<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ambroſe gaue the countrye of Galloway in ſcotlande, for which they became his Sub<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>iectes: And hereby appeareth that Scotland was then againe in his handes.</p> <p>Vter called alſo Pendragon, brother to Aurilambros was next king of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Britons, a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gaynſt whome, theſe ſworne Saxons newe foreſworne ſubiectes (confederate wyth the Scottes) newely rebelled: but by his power aſſembled againſt the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> in Galloway in Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande, they were diſcomfited, and Albania a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gaine recouered into his handes.</p> <p>Arthur the ſonne of this Vter begotten be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore the marriage, but lawfully borne, in ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>trimony ſuccéeded next to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> crowne of great Britayne, whoſe noble actes, though manye vulgare fables haue rather ſteigned, then commended: yet al the ſcottiſh writers con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>feſſe, that he ſubdued great Britayne, & made it tributary to him, & ouercame the Saxons then ſcattered as farre as Cathenes in ſcot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land: and in all theſe warres againſt them, he had the ſeruice and obeyſance of ſcottes and Pictes. But at the laſt ſettyng their féete in the guilfull paths of their predeceſſours, they rebelled, & beſieged the city of Yorke, Howel king of the leſſe Britayne, coſin to king Ar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thur, being therin. But he with an hoſte came thither and dyſcomfited the Scottes, cha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed them into a marſhe, and beſieged them there ſo lo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>g, that they were almoſt famiſhed: vntyll the biſhoppes, Abbotes, and men of religion (for as much as they were chriſtened people) beſought hym to take the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> to his mer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cy and grace, and to graunt them a portion of the ſame countrey to dwell in vnder euer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>laſting ſubiection. Vppon this he tooke them to hys grace, homage and fealtle: and when they were ſworne hys ſubiectes and liegeme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>: he ordeyned his kinſma<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Anguiſan to be their king & gouernor, Vrian king of Iſla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d, & Mu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>refre<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce king of Orkney. He made an Archbi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhoppe of Yorke alſo, whoſe authoritie exten<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ded <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:52"/>--> through all Scotland.</p> <p>Finally, the ſaid kyng Arthur holding his royall feaſt at Cairleon, had there all y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> kings that were ſubiectes vnto hym, among the which, Anguſian the ſayd king of Scots did his due ſeruice for the realme of Scotlande, and bare kyng Arthurs ſworde afore hym.</p> <p>Malgo ſhortly after ſuccéeded in the whole kingdo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of great Britaine, who vpon new re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſiſtaunce, newly ſubdued Ireland, Iſlande, the Orchads, Norway & Denmarke, & made Ethelfrede a Saxon king of Bernicia, that is, Northumberland, Louthian, and much o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther land of Scotland, which Ethelfrede by the ſword obteyned at the handes of the wil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>full inhabitantes, and continued true ſubiect to this Malgo.</p> <p>Cadwan ſuccéeded in the kingdom of great Britayne, who in defence of his ſubiectes the ſcottes, made warre vppon this Ethelfrede, but at the laſt they agréed, and Cadwan vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> their rebellion gaue all Scotland vnto this Ethelfrede, which he therupon ſubdued and enioyed: but afterward in the raigne of Cad<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wallo that next ſuccéeded in great Britaine, he rebelled, whereupon the ſame Cadwallo came into Scotland, and vpon his treaſon reſeized the country into his owne handes, and hauyng with hym all the Viceroyes of Saxo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s which then inhabited here as hys ſub<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>iectes, in ſinguler battaile ſlew the ſame E<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thelfrede.</p> <p>Oſwald was ſhortly after by Cadwallo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s gift made kyng of Bernicia, and he as ſub<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>iect to Cadwallo, and by his commaundeme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t diſcomfited the Scottes and Pictes, and ſub<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dued all Scotland. Oſwy the brother of thys Oſwald, was by the lyke gift of Cadwallo, made next kyng of Bernicia, and he by lyke commaundement newely ſubdued the ſcots and Pictes, and held them in that obeyſaunce to this Cadwallo, during xxviij. yeres. Thus Cadwallo reigned in the whole monarchy of great Britayne, hauing all the vij. kynges therof, as well Saxo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s as others his ſubiects: for albeit the number of Saxons from tyme to tyme greatly increaſed, yet were they al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wayes either at the firſt expelled, or els made tributary to the onely kinges of Britons for the tyme being, as all their owne writers confeſſe.</p> <p>Cadwallader was next kyng of the whole great Britayne, he raigned xij. yeres ouer al the kinges thereof, in great peace and tran<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>quillitie: & then vpon the lamentable death of hys ſubiectes, which dyed of ſundry diſeaſes innumerably, he departed into litle Britaine. His ſonne and coſin Iuor and Iue, being ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pulſed out of england alſo by the Saxones, went into Wales, where among the Brito<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s they and their poſteritie remayned Princes. Vpon this great alteracion, & warres being through the whole dominion betwene Bri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tons and Saxons; the Scottes thought tyme to ſlip the coller of obedience, and thereupon entred in league with Charles then kyng of Fraunce eſtabliſhing it, in this wyſe.</p> <p n="1">1. The iniury of Engliſhmen done to any of theſe people, ſhall be perpetually holden common to both.</p> <p n="2">2. When Frenchmen be inuaded by En<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gliſhmen, the Scottes ſhall ſend their army in defence of Fraunce, ſo that they be ſup<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ported with mony and victuals of Fraunce.</p> <p n="3">3. When Scottes be inuaded by Engliſh<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>men, the Frenchmen ſhall come vpon theyr owne expences, to their ſupport.</p> <p n="4">4. None of theſe people ſhall take peace or truce with Engliſhmen, without the aduiſe of other. &c.</p> <p>Many diſputable opinions may be had of warre, without the prayſing of it,<note place="margin">Nic<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> Ada<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </note> as onely admittible by inforced neceſſitie, and to bée vſed for peace ſake onely, where here y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Scots ſought warre for the loue of warre only. For their league giueth no benefite to the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſelues, either in frée trafique of their owne commo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dities, or benefite of the French, or other pri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uiledge to the people of both: what diſco<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>mo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ditie riſeth by looſing the entercourſe and ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ge of our co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>modities (being in neceſſaries more aboundant then Fraunce,) y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſcots féele and we perfectly know. What ruine of theyr townes, deſtruction of countries, ſlaughter of both peoples, haue by reaſon of this bloudy league chaunced, the hiſtories be lamenta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ble to reade, & horrible among chriſtian men to be remembred: but God gaue the increaſe accordyng to their ſéede, for as they did here<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>by ſowe diſſention, ſo did they ſhortly after reape a bloudy ſlaughter. For Alpine theyr kyng poſſeſſing a light mynde that would be loſt with a little wynde, hoped by this league ſhortly to ſubdue all great Britayne, and to that ende not onely rebelled in his own king<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dome, but alſo vſurped vpon the kingdome of Pictes, wherupon Edwine king of england, made one Brudeus king of Pictes, whom he ſent into Scotla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d with a great power, where in battail he tooke this Alpine king of Scots priſoner, and diſcomfited his people: and this Alpine beyng their king found ſubiect and re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bell, his hed was ſtrike<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of at a place in Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land, which thereof is to this day called Pa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſalpine, that is to ſay, the hed of Alpine. And this was the firſt effecte of theyr Frenche league.</p> <p>Oſbright king of england, with Ella hys <!--<pb n="43" facs="tcp:29044:52"/>--> ſubiect, and a great number of Britons and Saxons ſhortly after, for that the Scots ha<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> of the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſelues elected a new king, entred Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land, and ceaſſed not his warre againſt them, vntil their king and people fled into the Iles, with whom at the laſt vpon their ſubmiſſion, peace was made in this wyſe.</p> <p> <q>The water of Frith ſhalbe March betwene Scots and engliſhme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> in the eaſt partes, and ſhalbe named the ſcottiſh ſea.</q> </p> <p> <q>The water of Cluide to Dunbriton, ſhal be March in the weſt partes betwene the Scots and Britones. This caſtle was before called Alcluide and now Dunbriton, that is to ſay, the caſtle of Britons.</q> So the Britons had all the landes fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Sterlyng to the Ireland ſeas, and from the water of Frithe and Cluide, to Cumber, with all y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſtrengthes and commo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dities therof, and the engliſhmen had y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> lands betwéene Sterlyng and Northumberlande. Thus was Cluide March, betwene ſcots and Britones on the one ſide, and the water of Frithe named the Scottiſh ſea, Marche be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twene them and engliſhme<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> on the other ſide, and Sterlyng common March to thrée peo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ple, Britons, Engliſhmen, and Scottes, and king Oſbright had the Caſtle of Sterlyng, where firſt he cauſed to be coyned Sterlyng mony. The Engliſh me<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> alſo builded a bridge of ſtone, for paſſage ouer the water of Frith, in the middes wherof they made a croſſe, vn<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>der which were written theſe verſes.</p> <q> <l>I am free March, as paſſengers may ken,</l> <l>To Scottes, to Britons, and to Engliſhmen.</l> </q> <p>Not many yeres after this, Hinguar & Hub<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ba, two Danes, with a great number of peo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ple, arriued in Scotland, and ſlew Conſtan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tine, whom Oſbright had before made kyng<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> whereupon Edulfe or Ethelwulfe then kyng of engla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d, aſſembled his power againſt Hin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>guar and Hubba, & in one battaile ſlue them both, but ſuch of their people as woulde re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mayne and become chriſtians, he ſuffered to tary, the reſt he baniſhed or put to death. &c.</p> <p> <note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ome.</note>This Ethelwulf graunted the Peter pe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>, of which albeit Peter and Paule had lit<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap> néede and leſſe right: yet the payment therof continued in this realm euer after vntil now of late yeres, but the Scottes euer ſince vnto this day, haue, and yet do pay it, by reaſon of that graunt, which proueth them to be then vnder his obeyſaunce.</p> <p>Alurede or Alfrede ſuccéeded in the kyng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dome of England, and reigned nobly ouer the whole monarchie of great Britayne: He made lawes, that perſons excommunicated ſhould be diſabled to ſue or clayme any pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pertie, which law Gregour whom this Alu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rede had made king of Scottes obeyed, and the ſame law as well in Scotland as in En<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gland is holden to this day, which alſo pro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ueth hym to be high lord of Scotland.</p> <p>Thys Alurede conſtreyned Gregour king of Scots alſo, to breake the league with Fraunce, for generally he concluded wyth hym, and ſerued hym in all his warres, as well agaynſt Danes as others, not reſeruing or making any exceptio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of the former league with Fraunce.</p> <p>The ſayd Alurede, after the death of Gre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gour, had the lyke ſeruice and obeyſaunce of Donald king of Scottes wyth fiue thouſand horſemen, againſt one Gurmonde a Dane that then infeſted the realme, and this Do<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nald dyed in this faith and obeiſaunce wyth Alurede.</p> <p>Edward the firſt of that name called <hi rend="text">Chifod</hi> ſonne of this Alurede ſuccéeded next kyng of engla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d, againſt whom Sithrijc a Dane & the Scottes conſpired: but they were ſubdued, and Conſtantine their kyng brought to obei<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſance. He held the realme of ſcotland alſo of kyng Edwarde, and thys doth Marian their owne country man a Scotte confeſſe: beſide Roger Houeden, & Willia<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of Malmeſbury.</p> <p>In the yere of our Lord 923. the ſame king Edward was Preſident and gouernor of all the people of England, Cumberland, Scots, Danes and Britones.</p> <p>King Athelſtane in like ſort co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>quered ſcot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land, and as he lay in his tentes beſide Yorke whyleſt the warres laſted, the king of Scots fayned hymſelfe to be a minſtrel, and har<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ped before him onely to eſpy his ordinaunce & his people. But beyng as their writers con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>feſſe, corrupted with money, he ſold his fayth & falſe hart together to the Danes, and ay<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ded them againſt king Athelſtane at ſondry times. Howbeit he met w<hi rend="sup">t</hi>all their vntruthes at Bre<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="4 letters"> <desc>••••</desc> </gap>gfield in the weſt countrey, as is mentioned in the 9. chapter of the firſt booke of thys deſcription, where hée diſcomfited the Danes, and ſlew Malcolme deputie in that behalfe to the king of Scottes: in which battaile, the Scottes confeſſe themſelues to haue loſt more people then were remembred in any age before. Then Athelſtane folowing hys good lucke, went throughout all ſcotland and wholy ſubdued it, and being in poſſeſſion therof, gaue land there lying in Anna<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>dale by his déede, the copy wherof doth followe.</p> <p> <hi rend="text">I kyng Athelſtane, giues vnto Paulan, Od<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dam and Roddam, als good and als faire, as e<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uer they mine were, and therto witnes Mauld my wyfe.</hi> </p> <p>By which courſe wordes, not onely appea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>reth y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> plaine ſimplicitie of mens doinges in thoſe dayes: but alſo a ful proofe that he was <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:53" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> then ſeized of Scotlande.</p> <p>At the laſt alſo he receyued homage of Mal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>colme king of Scottes, but for that he coulde not be reſtored to his whole kingdome, he en<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tered into Religion, and there ſhortely after dyed.</p> <p>Then Athelſtane for his better aſſuraunce of that countrey there after, thought it beſt to haue two ſtringes to the bowe of their obe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dience, and therefore not onelye conſtituted one Malcolme to be their king, but alſo ap<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pointed one <hi rend="text">Indulph,</hi> ſonne of <hi rend="text">Conſtantine</hi> the thirde, to be called prince of Scotlande, to whome he gaue much of Scotlande: and for this, Malcolme did homage to Athelſtane.</p> <p>Edmund brother of Athelſtane ſuccéeded next king of Englande to whome this In<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dulph then kyng of Scottes not only dyd ho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mage, but alſo ſerued him wyth ten thouſand Scottes, for the expulſion of the Danes out of the realme of Englande.</p> <p>Edred or Eldred, brother to thys Edmund ſuccéeded next king of Englande,<note place="margin">Some re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ferre this to an Ed<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ward.</note> he not one<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lye receyued the homage of Iriſe then kyng of Scottes, but alſo the homage of all the Barons of Scotlande.</p> <p>Edgar the ſonne of Edmund, brother of A<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thelſtane being nowe of full age, was next kyng of England the reigned onely ouer the whole Monarchie of great Britaine, and re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceyued homage of Keneth king of Scots for the kingdome of Scotlande, and made Mal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>colme prince thereof.</p> <p>Thys Edgar gaue vnto the ſame Keneth the countrey of Louthian in Scotland, which was before ſeized into the hands of Oſbright king of England for their rebellion, as is be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore declared. He enioined this Keneth their king alſo once in euery yere at certaine prin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cipall feaſtes (whereat the king dyd vſe to weare his crowne) to repaire vnto him into Englande for the making of lawes, which in thoſe daies was done by y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> noble me<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> or peres according to the order of France at this day, To thich end he allowed alſo ſundry lodgings in England, to him & his ſucceſſours, wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>at to lye & refreſhe themſelues in their tour<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neyes, and finally a péece of ground lying be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſide the newe palace of Weſtminſter, vppon which this Keneth buylded a houſe, that by him and his poſteritie was enioyed vntill the reigne of King Henry the ſeconde, in whoſe tyme vpon the rebellio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of William the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> king of Scottes, it was reſumed into the king of Englands handes. The houſe is decayed, but the grounde where it ſtoode is called Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande to this day.</p> <p>Moreouer Edgar made this lawe, that no man ſhoulde ſuccéede to his patrimonie or in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>heritaunce holden by knightes ſeruice, vntill he accompliſhed the age of one and twentie yeares, bycauſe by intendement vnder that age, he ſhoulde not be able in perſon to ſerue hys king and countrey according to the te<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nour of his déede and the co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>dition of his pur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>chaſe. <q>This lawe was receyued by the ſame Keneth in Scotlande, and aſwell there as in Englande is obſerued to this day, which proo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ueth alſo that Scotlande was then vnder hys obeyſaunce.</q> </p> <p> <q>In the yeare of our Lorde 1974. Kinalde king of Scottes, & Malcolin king of Cum<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>breland, Macon king of Man, and the Iſles, Duuenall bing of ſouthwales, Siferth and Howell kings of the reſt of wales, Iacob or Iames of Galloway, and Iukill of weſtmer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande, did homage to king Edgar at Cheſter.</q> And on the morow going by water to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> mo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>naſtery of ſ. Iohns to ſeruice and returning home againe, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſaid Edgar ſitting in a barge & ſtiering the ſame vpon the water of Dée, made the ſayd kings to rowe y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> barge, ſaying that his ſucceſſors might well be ioyefull to haue the prerogatiue of ſo great honour, and the ſuperiority of ſo many mightie princes to be ſubiect vnto their monarchie.</p> <p>Edward the ſonne of this Edgar was next king of Englande, in whoſe tyme this Ke<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>neth kyng of Scots cauſed Malcolme prince of Scotlande to be poyſoned, wherupon king Edwarde made warre agaynſt him, which ceaſſed not vntill this Keneth ſubmitted him<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſelfe, and offered to receyue him for prince of Scotlande whome king Edward woulde ap<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>point: herevpon Edwarde proclaymed one Malcolme to be prince of Scotlande, who immediately came into Englande and there dyd homage vnto the ſame King Edwarde.</p> <p>Etheldred brother of thys Edwarde ſuc<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>céeded next ouer Englande, againſt whome Swayn kyng of Denmarke conſpired with this laſt Malcolme then king of Scots: But ſhortly after this Malcolme ſorowfully ſub<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mitted himſelf into the defence of Etheldred, who conſidering how that which coulde <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> be amended muſt only be repented, benigne<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lye receyued him, by helpe of whoſe ſeruice at laſt Etheldred recouered hys realme a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gaine out of the handes of Swayn, and reig<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned ouer the whole Monarchy eyght & thirtie yeares.</p> <p>Edmund ſurnamed Ironſide ſonne of this Etheldred was next king England, in whoſe tyme Canutus a Dane inuaded the realme with much crueltie, but at laſt he marryed w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> Emme ſometime wyfe vnto Etheldred and mother of this Edmund: which Emme as arbitratrix betwéene hir naturall loue to the <!--<pb n="44" facs="tcp:29044:53"/>--> one and <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> procured ſuch <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> them in the ende, that <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> the realme with Canutus, & kéeping to him<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſelfe all <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> all the r<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> Humber with the ſeig<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>norie of Scotlande to this Canutus<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>vpon Malcolme then king of Scottes after a little cuſtomable reſiſt<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>nce & dyd homage to the ſame Canutus for kingdome of Scotla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d, and thus the ſayde. Canutus helde the ſame ouer of this Edmond king of Englande by the lyke ſeruices.</p> <p>This Canutus in memorie of his victorie and glorie of his ſeignorie ouer the Scottes, commaunded this. Malcolme their king, to buylde a Church in B<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>h<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ha<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> in Scotland (where a fielde betwéene him and them wa<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> fought) to be dedicate to <hi rend="text">Ol<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>u<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> </hi> patrone of Norway and Denmark, which Church was by the ſame Malcolme accordingly perfour<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>med.</p> <p>Edwarde called the confeſſour ſonne of Etheldred and brother to Edmond Ironſide was afterward king of england. He toke fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Malcolme king of Scottes his lyfe and hys kingdome, and made Malcolme ſonne to the king of Cumbrelande and Northumbreland<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> king of Scottes, who dyd him h<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>age; and fealtie.</p> <p>Thys Edwarde peruſed the olde lawes of the realme, and ſomewhat added to ſome of them, as to the lawe of Edgar for the ward<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhippe of the landes vntyll the heirs ſhoulde accompliſhe the age of one & twentie yeares, he added that the marryage of ſuch heire, ſhoulde alſo belong to the Lorde of whom the ſame lande was holden.</p> <p>Alſo that euery woman marrying a frée man, ſhoulde notwithſtanding ſhe had no children by that huſbande, enioye the thirde part of his inheritaunce during hir lyfe, with many other lawes which the ſame Malcolme king of Scottes obeyed. And which aſwel by them in Scotlande as by vs in Englande be obſerued to this day, and directly prooueth the whole to be then vnder his obeyſaunce.</p> <p>By reaſon of this law Malcolme the ſonne of Duncane next inheritour to the crowne of Scotlande being within age, was by the nobles of Scotlande deliuered as warde to the cuſtome of this king Edwarde, during whoſe minoritie one Makebeth a Scot tray<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>terouſly vſurped the crowne of Scotland, a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gainſt whom this king Edward made warre in which the ſaid Makebeth was ouercome and ſlayne, whervpon y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſaid Malcolme was crowned king of Scottes at Stone, in the viij. yere of the reigne of this king Edward.</p> <p>Thys Malcolme by <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> of the ſayde n<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> of wardſhip was marryed vnto Margar<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> the daughter of Edward, ſonne of Edmond. Ironſide and Agatha, by the diſpo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſition of the ſame king Edward, and at his ful age dyd homage to this king Edward for this kingdome of Scotland.</p> <p>Moreouer Edwarde of Englande; hauing <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> of his body, and miſtruſting that Ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>relde the ſonne of <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> of the daughter of Harolde H<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>efoote <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> worlde <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> the ra<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ne, if he ſhould <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> it to his coſin Edgar Ed<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap>g (being the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> with<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>in age) and <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> by the peticion of his <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ctes, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ho before had <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>rne neuer to re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceiue <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> writing as all <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> clergy writers affirme, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> the crowd of great Britaine vnto William their duke of Normandie and to his heires, conſtituting h<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> his heire teſtamentarie. Alſo there was proximite<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> in bloude betwéene the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> for Emme daughter of Richarde duke of Normandye was wife vnto Etheldred, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> whom he begat A<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>red and able Edward<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> and this William was ſonne of Robert, ſonne of Richarde, bro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther of the whole bloud to in the ſame E<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>e: whereby appeareth that this William was Heire by tytle and not by <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, albeit that partly to extinguiſh the miſtruſt of other ty<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tles and partely for the glory of hys <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, he chalenged in the ende; the name of a <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> & hath bene ſo written euer fith<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>s his a<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ri<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ll.</p> <p>This king William called the conquerour ſuppoſed not his conqueſt perfite, tyll he had lykewyſe ſubdued y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Scots, wherfore to bring the Scottes to iuſt obeyſaunce after hys Co<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ronation as heire teſtamentary to Edward the Co<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>feſſour, he entred Scotland, where after a litle reſiſtance made by the Scottes, the ſayde Malcolme then their king did ho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mage to hym at Abir<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ethy in Scotlande for the kingdome of Scotlande, as to hys ſupe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>riour alſo by means of conqueſt.</p> <p>Willyam ſurnamed Wi<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>us ſonne of thys William called the conquerour, ſuccéeded next to the crowne of England, to whom the ſayde Malcolme king of Scottes dyd like ho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mage for the kingdom of Scotland. But af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>terwarde he rebelled and was by this Wil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>liam Rufus ſlayne in the fielde, where vpon the Scottiſhmen dyd choſe one Donald or Dunwal to be theyr kyng. But this Willia<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Rufus depoſed hym and created Dunkane ſonne of Malcolme to be theyr king, who dyd like homage to him: finally this Dunca<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> was ſlayne by the Scottes & Dunwall reſtored, who once agayne by this Wylliam Rufus <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:54" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> was depoſed, and Edgar ſonne of Malcolme & brother to the laſt Malcolme, was by him made theyr king, who dyd lyke homage for Scotlande to this William Rufus.</p> <p>Henry called Beauclerke the ſon of Wil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>liam, called the conquerour, after the death of his brother William Rufus, ſuccéeded to the crowne of England, to whome the ſame Edgar kyng of Scottes dyd homage for Scotland. This Henry Beauclerke married Mawde the daughter of Malcolme king of Scottes, and by hir had iſſue Mawde after<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>warde empreſſe. Alexandre the ſonne of Mal<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>colme brother to this Mawde, was next king of Scottes, he dyd lyke homage for the king<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dome of Scotlande to this Henry the firſt.</p> <p>Mawde called the empreſſe daughter and heire to this Henry Beauclerke and Mawde hys wyfe, receiued homage of Dauid bro<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther to hir and to this Alexandre next king of Scottes, before all the temporall men of En<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>glande for the kyngdome of Scotlande.</p> <p>Thys Mawde the empreſſe gaue vnto Dauid in the marriage, Mawd the daughter and heire of <hi rend="text">Voldoſius</hi> earle of Huntingdon & Northumberlande. And herein their euaſion appeareth, by which they allege that their kinges homages were made for the earle<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dome of Huntingdon: for this Dauid was y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> firſt that of their kinges was Earle of Hun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tingdon, which was ſince all the homages of their kinges before recited, and at the time of thys marryage, and long after the ſayde A<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lexander his brother was king of Scots: do<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ing the homage aforeſayde to Henry Bew<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>clerke.</p> <p>In the yeare of our Lorde 1136. and firſte yeare of the reigne of king Stephen, the ſaid Dauid king of Scottes, being required to doe his homage refuſed it, for as much as he had done homage to Mawde the empreſſe be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore tyme, notwithſtanding the ſonne of the ſayde Dauid dyd homage to king Stephane.</p> <p>Henry called Fitz emprice, the ſon of Mawd the emprice daughter of Mawde, daughter of Malcolme king of Scottes, was next king of England. He receyued homage for Scotland of Malcolme, ſonne of Henry, ſonne of the ſayd Dauyd their laſt king, which Malcolme after thys homage, attended vpon the ſame kyng Henry in his warres agaynſt Lewys then king of Fraunce: whereby appeareth that their Frenche league was neuer renued after the laſt diuiſio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> of their countrey by Oſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>bright king of Englande. But after theſe warres finiſhed with the Frenche king, this Malcolme being againe in Scotlande rebel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>led: wherevppon, king Henry immediate<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lye ſeized Huntingdon, and Northumber<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land into hys owne h<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap>es by <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> made warres vpon him in Scotland, <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> which the ſame Malcolme dyed without <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> of hys bodie.</p> <p>William brother of thys Malcolme <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> next kyng of Scottes, he wyth all the nobled of Scotland, (which could not be now for <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> earledome) did homage to the ſonne of thys king Henry the ſecond, wyth a reſeruat<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap> of the duetie to king Henry the ſeconde, hys father: alſo the earledome of Huntingd<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> was as ye haue hearde before thys, forfaited by Malcolme his brother, and neuer after r<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>ſtored to the crowne of Scotlande.</p> <p>Thys William king of Scottes, did after<g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>warde attend vpon the ſame king Henry the ſeconde in his warres in Normandie again<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> the Frenche kyng, notwithſtanding theyr Frenche league, and then dyd him homage for Scotlande, and thereupon was licenſed to depart home in Scotlande, where imme<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>diately he mooued cruell warre in Northum<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>berlande againſt the ſame king Henry being yet in Normandy. But God tooke the defence of king Henries parte, and deliuered the ſame William kyng of Scottes into the handes of a fewe Engliſhmen, who brought him priſoner to kyng Henry into Norman<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>die, in the tenth yeare of hys reigne. But at the laſt at the ſuite of Dauid his brother, Ri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>charde Biſhop of ſ. Andrewes and other Bi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhoppes and Lordes, he was put to this fine for the amendement of his treſpaſſe, to paye tenne thouſande pounde ſterling, and to ſur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>render all hys lytle of the earledome of Hun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tingdo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, Cumberland, and Northumberland, into the handes of thys kyng Henry: which he did in all thinges accordingly, ſealing hys charters therof with the great ſeale of Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande and ſignettes of hys nobilitie, where in it was alſo compriſed that hée and his ſuc<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ceſſours, ſhould hold the realme of Scotland of the king of Englande and his ſucceſſours for euer. And herevpon he once again dyd ho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mage to the ſame king Henry, which nowe coulde not be for the earledome of Hunting<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>don, the ryght wherof was alrealdie by hym ſurre<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>dred. And for the better aſſura<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ce of this faith alſo, the ſtrengthes of Berwick, Eden<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>brough, Roxbrough and Striueling were de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>liuered into the handes of our king Henry of Englande which their owne writers con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>feſſe: but <hi rend="text">Hector Boetius</hi> ſaieth that this treſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>paſſe was amended by fine of twentie thou<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſande poundes ſterling, & that the earledome of Huntingdon, Cumberland, and Northum<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>berlande were deliuered as Morgage into the handes of king Henry vntill other tenne thouſande poundes ſterling ſhoulde be to him <!--<pb n="45" facs="tcp:29044:54" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> payd, but though the <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap>, yet <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> he not ſhe that money <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> payde, not the lande otherwiſe redéemed, or euer <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> to any Scottiſhe kinges handes. A<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> appeareth that the earledome of Hunting<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap> was neuer occaſion of the homages of the Scottiſhe kinges to the kinges of Englande eyther before this tyme or after.</p> <p>This was done 1175. Moreouer I red this note hereof gathered out of <hi rend="text">Robertus Mon<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tanus</hi> that liued in theſe, and was as I take it co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>feſſor to king Henry. The king of Scots doth homage to king Henry for y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> kingdome of Scotlande and is ſent home againe, hys Biſhops alſo did promiſe to doe the lyke, to the Archebiſhoppe of Yorke, and to acknow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ledge themſelues to be of his prouince & iuriſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dictio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>. By vertue alſo of this compoſition the ſayde Robert ſayth, that <hi rend="text">Rex Angliae dabat honores, Epiſcopatus, Abbatias & alias digni<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tates in Scotia, vel ſaltem eius conſilio daban<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tur,</hi> that is, the king of England gaue, Ho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nors, Biſhopricks, Abbateſhips, & other dig<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nities in Scotland, or at the leaſtwyſe they were not giuen without his aduiſe and coun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſell.</p> <p>At this tyme Alexander biſhop of Rome (ſuppoſed to haue general iuriſdiction eccle<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſiaſticall thorough Chriſtendome) conferred the whole clergy of Scotland, accordyng to the olde lawes, vnder the iuriſdiction of the Archbiſhop of Yorke.</p> <p>In the yeare of our Lord 1185. in the month of Auguſt at Cairleil. Roulande Talnante lord of Galway, did homage and fealty to the ſaid king Henry with all that held of hym.</p> <p>In the 22. yeare of the raigne of king Hen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ry the 2. Gilbert ſonne of Ferguſe prince of Galway, did homage and fealtie to the ſayd king Henry, and left Dunecan his ſonne in hoſtage for conſeruation of peace.</p> <p>Richard ſurnamed <hi rend="text">Coeur de Lyon,</hi> ſonne of this Henry was next king of england, to who<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the ſame William king of Scottes dyd ho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mage at Caunterbury for the kyngdome of Scotland.</p> <p>This king Richard was taken priſoner by the Duke of Oſtrich, for whoſe redemptio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the whole realme was taxed at great ſummes of money, vnto the which this William king of Scots (as a ſubiect) was contributory, and payed two M. markes ſterlyng.</p> <p>In the yere of our Lord 1199. Iohn kyng of england, ſent to William king of Scottes to come & do his homage, which William came to Lincolne in the moneth of December the ſame yeare, and did his homage there vpon an hill in the preſence of Hubert, Archbiſhop of Caunterbury, and of all the people there aſſemble<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>, and there was ſworne vpon the croſſe of the ſaid Hubert: Alſo he gr<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap>ted by his charter con<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="4 letters"> <desc>••••</desc> </gap>ed, that he ſhould haue the mariage of Alexander hys <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap>, as hys liegeman, alwayes to hold of the king of eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land: promiſing more<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>er that he the ſayde king William & his ſo<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e Alexander ſhould kepe and hold faith and allegeance to Henry <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> of the ſayd king Iohn, as to their chiefe Lord againſt all maner of men.</p> <p>Alſo where as William king of Scots had put Iohn Biſhoppe of ſ. Andrewe out of his Biſhopricke, Pope Clemente wrote to Hen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ry kyng of englande, that he ſhoulde <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> and indure the ſame William, and if néede were requyre by hys Royall power com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pell hym to leaue his rancour agaynſt y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſayd Biſhop and ſuffer him to haue, and occupye his ſayde Biſhopricke againe.</p> <p>In the yeare of our Lorde 1216. and fiue and twenty of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> reign of king Henry, ſonne to king Iohn, the ſame king Henry and the Quéene were at Yorke at y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> feaſt of Chriſt<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>maſſe for the ſolemnization of a marryage made in the feaſt of ſ. Stephane the Martir the ſame yeare, betwéene Alexander king of Scottes, & Margarete the kings daughter, and there the ſayde Alexander dyd homage to Henry king of Englande.</p> <p>In Buls of diuers Popes were admoniti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ons geue<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> to the kings of Scottes, that they ſhould obſerue & truly kéepe all ſuch appoint<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ments, as had ben made betwéene the kings of england and Scotland. And that the kings of Scotland ſhould holde the realme of Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande of the kings of englande vpon payne of curſe and interditing.</p> <p>After the deathe of Alexander kyng of Scottes, Alexander his ſonne beyng nyne yeres of age, was by the lawes of Edgar, in<g ref="char:EOLunhyphen"/>warde to king Henry the 3. and by the nobles of Scotland brought to Yorke, and there de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>liuered to him. During whoſe minoritie king Henry gouerned Scotland, and to ſubdue a commocion in this realme, vſed the ayde of v.M. Scottiſhmen, but king Henry dyed du<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ring the nonage of this Alexander, whereby he receiued not his homage, which by reaſon and law was reſpited vntil his full age of xxj. yeares.</p> <p>Edward the firſt after the conqueſt, ſonne of this Henry, was next king of england, im<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mediately after whoſe coronation, Alexa<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>der king of Scottes, being then of ful age did ho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mage to hym for Scotlande at Weſtmin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſter, ſwearyng as all the reaſt did after this maner.</p> <p> <q> <hi rend="text">I.D.N. king of Scottes ſhalbe true and faith<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>full vnto you Lorde E. by the grace of God <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:55" rendition="simple:additions"/>--> king of England, the noble and ſuperior lord of the kingdome of Scotland, and vnto you I make my fidelitie for the ſame kingdome, the which I hold and claime to hold of you. And I ſhall beare you my faith and fidelitie of lyfe and limme, and worldly honour againſt all me<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> faithfully I ſhall knowledge and ſhall doe you ſeruice due vnto you of the kingdom of Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land aforeſayde, as God me ſo helpe and theſe holy Euangelies.</hi> </q> </p> <p>This Alexander king of Scottes died, lea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uing one only daughter called Margaret for his heire, who before had maried Hanygo, ſonne to Magnus king of Norway, which daughter alſo ſhortly after died, leauyng one onely daughter her heire, of the age of two yeares, whoſe cuſtody and mariage by the lawes of king Edgar, and Edward the con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>feſſour, belonged to Edward the firſt: wher<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>vpon the nobles of Scotland were commau<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ded by our king Edward to ſend into Nor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>way, to conuey this yong Quéene into Eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land to him, whom he entended to haue mari<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ed to his ſo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ne Edward: and ſo to haue made a perfite vnion betwéene bothe Realmes. Hereuppon their nobles at that tyme con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſidering the ſame tranquillitie, that many of them haue ſithens refuſed, ſtoode not vpon ſhiftes and delayes of minoritie nor conte<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>pt, but moſt gladly conſented, and therupon ſent two noble men of Scotlande into Norway, for hir to be brought to this king Edwarde, but ſhe died before their comming thither, & therefore they required nothing but to enioye the lawful liberties that they had quietly poſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſeſſed in the laſt king Alexander his tyme.</p> <p>After the death of this Margaret, the Scots were deſtitute of any heire to the crown from this Alexander their laſt king, at which time this Edwarde diſcended from the bodye of Mawde daughter of Malcolme ſometyme king of Scottes, beyng then in the greateſt broile of his warres with Fraunce, mynded not to take the poſſeſſion of that kingdome in his own right, but was contented to eſtabliſh Balioll to be king therof, the weake title be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>twene him, Bruſe, & Haſtings, being by the humble peticion of all the realme of Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land committed to the determination of this king Edward, wherin by autentique writing they confeſſed the ſuperioritie of the realme, to remaine in king Edward, ſealed with the ſeales of iiij. Biſhops vij. earles, and xij. ba<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rons of Scotland, & which ſhortly after was by the whole aſſent of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> thrée eſtates of Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land, in their ſolemne Parliament confeſſed and enacted accordingly, as moſt euidently doth appeare.</p> <p>The Balioll in this wiſe made kyng of Scotla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d did immediately make hys homage and fealty at Newcaſtle vpon ſaint Fre<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="4 letters"> <desc>••••</desc> </gap> day (as <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> likewiſe all the Lordes of Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land,) <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>he one ſetting his hand to the compo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="3 letters"> <desc>•••</desc> </gap>ion in writing to king Edward of Eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land for the kingdom of Scotland: but ſhort<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ly after defrauding the benigne goodneſſe <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> this king Edward; he rebelled, and did <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> much hurt in englande: Hereupon king Ed<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ward inuaded Scotland, ſea<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>d into his ha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> the greater part of the countrey, and tooke all the ſtrengthes thereof, whereuppon Baliol king of Scottes came vnto king Edwarde at Mauntroſſe in Scotland with a white <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> in his hand, and there reſigned the crown<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> of Scotland, with all his right, title, and inte<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>reſt to the ſame, into the handes of this kyng Edward, and therfore made his Charter in writyng, dated and ſealed the fourth yeare of his raigne. All the nobles and gentlemen of Scotlande alſo repayred to Barwike, and did homage & fealtie to king Edwarde, there beco<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>myng his ſubiectes. For the better aſſu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rance of whoſe othes alſo, king Edward kept all the ſtrengths & holdes of Scotland in his owne handes, and hereupon all their lawes, proceſſe; all iudgement, all giftes of a<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ices and others, paſſed vnder the name and auto<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ritie of king Edwarde. Lelande touchyng the ſame rehearſall, writeth thereof in this maner.</p> <p>In the yere of our lord 1295. the ſame Iohn king of Scottes, contrary to his faith and al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>leageaunce, rebelled againſt king Edward, and came into england, and burnt and ſlew without all modeſty and mercy. Whereupon king Edwarde with a great hoſte went to Newcaſtle vppon Tine, paſſed the water of Twéede, and beſieged Barwike, and gote it. Alſo he wan the caſtell of Dunbar, & there were ſlaine at this brunt 15700. Scots. Then he procéeded further, and gate the Caſtle of Rokeſborow, and the caſtle of Ede<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>borough, Striuelin and Gedworth, and his people her<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ried all the lande.</p> <p>In the meane ſeaſon, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſayd king Iohn of Scots conſidering y<hi rend="sup">t</hi> he was not of power to w<hi rend="sup">t</hi>ſtand y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſaid king Edward ſent his letters and beſought him of treatie and peace, which king Edward benignly graunted, and ſent to him againe that he ſhould come to the towne of Brethin, and bring thither the great lords of Scotland w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> him. The king of england ſe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t thither Antony Beke, biſhop of Durha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, with his royall power to conclude the ſaide trea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tice: and there it was agréed that y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſaid Iohn and all the Scottes ſhould vtterly ſubmitte the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ſelues to the kings will, & to the end y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſaid ſubmiſſio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> ſhould be performed accordingly, y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> <!--<pb n="46" facs="tcp:29044:55"/>--> king of Scottes laid his ſonne in hoſtage and pledge. There alſo he made his letters ſealed with the common ſeale of Scotland, by the which he knowledging his ſimplenes & great offence done to his lord king Edward of eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande, by his full power & frée will, yelded vp all the lande of Scotland, with all the people & homage of the ſame. Then y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſaid king Ed<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ward went forth to ſée the mountaines, and vnderſtandyng that all was in quyete and peace, he turned to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Abbey of Stone of Cha<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nons regular, where he tooke the ſtone called the Regall of Scotland, vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> which the kings of Scotland were wont to ſitte, at the time of their coronations for a throne, and ſent it to the Abbey of Weſtminſter, commaundyng to make a chaire thereof for the prieſtes that ſhould ſing maſſe at the high altare: which chaire was made, and ſtandeth yet there at this day.</p> <p>In the yere of our Lord 1296. the king held his Parliament at Barwike: and there he tooke homage ſingularly of all the lordes and nobles of Scotland. And for a perpetuall me<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mory of the ſame, they made their letters pa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tentes ſealed with their ſeales, & the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the king of england made William Warreine earle of Surrey and Southſaxe, Lord Warden of Scotland, Hugh of Creſſingham treaſorer, and William Ormeſby iuſtice of Scotland, and foorthwith ſent king Iohn to the tower of London, and Iohn Comyn, and the earle Badenauth, the erle of Bohan & other lordes into england to diuers places on this ſyde of the Trent.</p> <p>And after that in the yere of our lord, 1297 at the feaſt of Chriſtmas, the kyng called be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fore him the ſayd Iohn king of Scottes, al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>though he had committed hym to warde: and ſaide that he would burne or deſtroy their ca<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtels, townes & landes, if he were not recom<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>penced for hys coſtes & damages ſuſtained in the warres, but king Iohn & the other that were inwarde, aunſwered that they had no<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thing, ſith their liues, their deathes, and goods were in his handes. The king vpon that aun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſwer mooued with pity, graunted them theyr lyues, ſo that they would doe their homage & make their othe ſolemnly at the high altar (in the church of the Abbey of Weſtminſter) vp<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pon the Euchariſt, that they and euery of the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> ſhould holde and kepe true fayth, obedience, and allegiaunce to the ſaid king Edward and his heires kinges of englande for euer. And where the ſaid king of Scots ſaw the kinges banner of england diſplayed, he and all hys ſhould draw there vnto. And that neyther he nor any of his from thenceforth ſhould beare armes againſt the king of england or any of his bloud. Finally, the king rewarding wyth great giftes the ſayd king Iohn & his lordes, ſuffered them to departe. But they went into Scotland alway imagining (notwithſta<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ding this their ſubmiſſio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>) how they might oppreſſe king Edward and diſturbe his realme. The Scottes ſent alſo to the king of Fraunce for ſuccour and helpe, who ſent them ſhippes to Barwike furniſhed with men of armes, the king of england then beyng in Flaunders.</p> <p>In the yeare of our lord 1298. the king we<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t into Scotland with a great hoſt, and y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> Scots alſo aſſembled in great number, but the king faught with them at Fawkirke on S. Mary Magdalenes daye, where were ſlayne lx. M. Scots, and William Walleys that was their captayne fled, who beyng taken after<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ward, was hanged, drawen, and quartered at London.</p> <p>After this the Scottes rebelled agayne, and all y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> lordes of Scotland choſe Robert Bruis to be king, except only Iohn Co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>myn earle of Carrike, who would not conſent thereto be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cauſe of his othe made to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> king of england. Wherefore Robert Bruis <note place="margin">This was done, vpon the 29. of Ian. 1306.</note> ſlewe hym at Dumfriſe, and the ſame Robert Bruis was crowned at Schone Abbay. Hereupon the king of england aſſembled a great hoſte, and rode thorough all Scotland, and diſcomfited Robert Bruis, and ſlue viij. M. Scottes, and tooke the moſt part of all the lordes of Scot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lande, putting the temporall lordes to death becauſe they were foreſworne.</p> <p>Edward borne at Carnaruan ſonne of this Edward, was next king of England, who fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the beginning of his reigne enioyed Scotla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d peaceably, dooing in all thinges as is aboue ſayde of king Edwarde his father, vntill to<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>warde the latter ende of his reigne, about which time thys Robert Bruſe conſpired a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gainſt him & with the helpe of a few forſworn Scottes, forſwore himſelfe king of Scottes. Hereupon this Edward with Thomas earle of Lancaſter and many other Lords made warre vpo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> him about the feaſt of Mary mag<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dalene, the ſayde Bruſe and hys partakers being already accurſed by the Pope for brea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>king the truce that he had eſtabliſhed betwixt the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:punc">▪</g> But being infortunate in his firſt warres againſt him, he ſuffered Edwarde the ſonne Baliol to proclaime himſelf king of Scottes, and neuertheleſſe héelde forth his warres a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gaynſt Bruſe, before the ending of which he dyed, as I reade.</p> <p>Edwarde borne at Windſore ſonne of Ed<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ward y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſecond was next king of england at y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> age of fiftéene yeares, in whoſe minoritie the Scots practiſed with Iſabell mother to this Edwarde and wyth Roger Mortymer earle <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:56"/>--> of the March to haue their homages releaſed, whoſe good will therin they obtayned, ſo that for the ſame releaſe they ſhoulde pay to thys king Edward thirtie thouſand poundes ſter<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ling in thrée yeares next following, that is to ſay, tenne thouſand pounde ſterling yearely. But bicauſe the nobilitie & commons of this realme woulde not by parliament conſent vnto it their king being within age, the ſame releaſe procéeded not, albeit the Scottes cea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed not their practiſes with thys Quéene and Earle. But before thoſe three yeres in which their money (if y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> bargaine had taken place) ſhoulde haue béene payed were exſpired, our king Edwarde inuaded Scotlande and cea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed not the warre vntill Dauid the ſonne of <hi rend="text">Robert le Bruſe</hi> then by their election king of ſcotlande abſolutelye ſubmytted hymſelfe vnto hym. But for that the ſayde Dauid Bruſe had before by practiſe of the Quéene and the Earle of Marche, marryed Iane the ſiſter of this king Edward: he mooued by na<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>turall zeale to his ſiſter, was contented to giue the realme of ſcotlande to this Dauid Bruſe, & to the heires that ſhoulde be degot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ten of the body of the ſayde Iane (ſauing the reuerſion and meane homages to this king Edwarde and to his owne children) where<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>with the ſame Dauid Bruſe was right well contented, and therevpon immediately made his homage for ſcotlande vnto him.</p> <p>Howbeit ſhortly after cauſeleſſe contey<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ning cauſe of diſpleaſure, this Dauid procu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>red to diſolue this ſame eſtate ta<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>ly, and ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>vpon not onely rebelled in ſcotlande, but al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſo inuaded englande, whyleſt king Edwarde was occupyed about hys warres in France. But this Dauid was not onely expelled eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>la<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d in thend, but alſo thinking no place a ſuffi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cient defence to his vntrueth, of his owne ac<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>corde fled out of ſcotla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d: wherby the cou<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>treis of Annandale, Gallaway, Mars, Teuydale, Twedale, and Ethrike were ſeaſed into the king of englandes handes, and new Marches ſet betwéene englande and ſcotland at Cock<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>burnes pathe and Sowtry hedge, which whe<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> this Dauid we<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t about to recouer againe, his power was diſcomfited, and himſelf by a few engliſhmen taken and brought into englande where he remayned pryſoner eleuen yeres.</p> <p>Duryng thys tyme, kyng Edwarde en<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ioyed Scotlande peaceably, and then at the contemplacion and wery ſuite of his ſorow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>full ſiſter wyfe of this Dauid, he was conten<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted once againe to reſtore him to the king<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dome of Scotlande, wherevpon it was con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cluded, that for this rebellion Dauid ſhoulde paye to king Edward the ſomme of one hun<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dred thouſande markes ſterling, and thereto deſtroy all his holdes and fortreſſes ſtanding agaynſt the engliſh borders, & further aſſure the crowne of ſcotland to the children of th<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> kyng Edward for lacke of heire of his ow<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> bodye, all which thinges he dyd accordingly. And for the better aſſurance of his obeiſance alſo, he afterward deliuered into the ha<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>ds of king Edward ſundry noble men of ſcotla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d in this behalf as his pledges. And this is the ef<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fect of the hiſtory of Dauid, touching his d<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lings: now let vs ſée what was done by Ed<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>warde Bailioll, whereof our Chronicles doe make report as followeth.</p> <p>In y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> yere of our lord 1326. Edward y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> third king of england was crowned at Weſtmin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſter, and in the 5. yere of his reigne Edward Bailiol right heire to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> kingdome of ſcotla<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>d came in & claymed it as due to him. Sundry lordes and gentlemen alſo, which had title to diuers landes there, either by themſelues, or by their wiues did y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> like, wherupo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> the ſayde Bailiol & they went into ſcotland by ſea, and landing at Kinghorne with 3000. Engliſh<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>men, diſcomfited 10000. Scottes, and ſlewe 1200. and the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> went forth to Dunfermeline, where the ſcots aſſembled againſt them with 40000. men, and in the feaſt of ſ. Laurence, at a place called Gaſtmore (or otherwyſe Gladmore) were ſlaine v. Erles, xiij. Baro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>s, a hundred and thrée ſcore knightes, two M. men of armes, and many other, in all xl.M. and there were ſlaine on the engliſh part but xiij. perſons only.</p> <p>In the eight yere of the raign of kyng Ed<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ward, he aſſembled a great hoſte and came to Barwike vpon Twéede, & laid ſiege thereto To him alſo came Edward Bailiol king of ſcots, w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> a great power to ſtrength & aide him againſt the ſcottes who came out of ſcotland in foure battailes well armed and arayed.</p> <p>Edwarde kyng of england, and Edwarde king of ſcottes, apparelled their people either of them in foure battailes: and vppon H<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lidon hyll, beſide Barwike, met theſe two hoſtes, and there were diſcomfited of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> ſcots, xxv.M. and vij.C. whereof were ſlayne viij. erles, a thouſand and thrée hundred knightes and gentlemen. This victory done, the kyng returned to Barwike, and the towne wyth the caſtell were yelded vp vnto him.</p> <p>In the eyght yeare of the reigne of king Edward of englande, Edward Bailiol kyng of ſcottes came to Newcaſtell vpon tine and dyd homage.</p> <p>In the yeare of our Lorde 1346. Dauid Bruys by exhortacion of the king of France rebelled, and came into england with a great hoſte vnto Neuilles croſſe: But the Archbi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſhoppe of Yorke with diuers temporall men, <!--<pb n="47" facs="tcp:29044:56"/>--> fought w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> him and the ſaid king of ſcots was take<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, and William earle Duglas & Morriſe earle of Strathorne were brought to Londo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, & many other Lords ſlayne, which wyth Da<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uid dyd homage to Edward king of england.</p> <p>And in the thirtie yere of the kings reigne, and the yeare of our Lorde 1355. the ſcottes wanne the towne of Barwicke, but not the Caſtell. Hereupon the king came thither w<hi rend="sup">t</hi> a great hoſte, and anone the towne was yéel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>den without any reſiſtance.</p> <p>Edwarde Bailiol, conſidering that God dyd ſo many marueylous & gracious thinges for kyng Edwarde, at his owne will gaue vp the crowne and the realme of ſcotland to king Edwarde of england at Rokeſborough, by his letters patents.</p> <p>And anon after the king of england, in pre<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſence of all his Lordes ſpirituall and tempo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rall, let crowne himſelfe kyng there of the realme of ſcotlande, and ordayned all thinges to hys intent, and ſo came ouer in englande.</p> <p>Richarde the ſonne of Edward, called the blacke prince, ſonne of this kyng Edward, was next king of Englande, who for that the ſayde Iane, the wyfe of the ſayde king Da<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uyd of Scotland was d<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="4 letters"> <desc>••••</desc> </gap>ed without iſſue, and being enformed how <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> Scottes deuiſed to their vttermoſt power to breake the limi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tacion of this inheritance touching y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> crowne of ſcotland, made forthwith war againſt the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>, wherin he brent Ede<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>brough, ſpoyled all their countrey, tooke all their holdes, and maintai<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ned continually warre againſt them vnto his death, which was <hi rend="text">Anno domi. M.CCC.xcix.</hi> </p> <p>Henry the fourth of that name was next kyng of englande, he continued theſe warres begun againſt them by king Richard, & ceaſ<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed not vntyll Robert king of ſcots (the third of y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> name) reſigned hys crowne by appoint<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ment of this kyng Henry, and deliuered hys ſonne Iames beyng then of the age of nyne yeares, into his handes to remayne at his cu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtodie, wardſhip and diſpoſition, as of his ſu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>periour Lord, according to the olde lawes of king Edwarde the confeſſour. All this was done <hi rend="text">Anno dom. M.CCCC.iiij.</hi> which was within fiue yeares after the death of kyng Richarde: This Henry the fourth reigned in this ſtate ouer them fouretéene years.</p> <p>Henry the fift of that name ſonne to thys king Henry the fourth was next king of eng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land. He made warres againſt y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> french king, in all which this Iames then king of ſcottes attended vpon him as vpon his ſuperior lord, with a conuenient number of ſcots, notwith<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtanding their league with fraunce. But this Henry reigned but nine yeares, whereby the homage of this Iames their king (hauing not fully accompliſhed the age of one and twen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tye yeares) was by reaſon and lawe reſpited. Finallye the ſayd Iames wyth dyuers other lordes attended vpon the corpes of the ſayde ſaide Henry vnto Weſtminſter, as to his du<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tie appertayned.</p> <p>Henry the ſixt, the ſonne of this Henry the fift, was next king of englande to whome the ſeignorie of ſcotlande and cuſtodye of thys Iames by right lawe and reaſon diſcended, marryed the ſame Iames king of ſcottes to Iane daughter of Iohn earle of Sommerſet, at ſ. Mary <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>er Iſe in ſouth<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>arke, and tooke for the value of thys marryage, the ſumme of one hundreth thouſand markes ſterling.</p> <p>This Iames king of ſcottes at his full age, did homage to the ſame king Henry the ſixt, fo<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap> the kingdome of ſcotland at Wynd<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſore, in the moneth of Ianuary.</p> <p>Since which tyme vnto the dayes of king Henry the ſeauenth, graundfather to our ſo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uereigne lord that now is, albeit this realme hath béene moleſted with diuerſitie of titles, in which vnméete tyme neither lawe nor rea<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſon admit preſcription to the preiudice of any ryght: yet did king Edwarde the fourth next king of englande by preparation of war<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1+ letters"> <desc>•…</desc> </gap>e a<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gainſt the ſcottes in the latter ende of hys reigne, ſufficiently by al lawes indure to the continua<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="4 letters"> <desc>••••</desc> </gap>e of his claime to the ſame ſupe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rioritie ouer them.</p> <p>After whoſe death, vnto the beginning of the reigne of our ſouereigne lorde king Hen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ry the eight, excéeded not the number of xxvij yeares, about which tyme the impediment of our clayme of the ſcottes part, chaunced by the nonage of Iames their laſt king, which ſo cont<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="4 letters"> <desc>••••</desc> </gap>d the ſpace of one & twentie yeres. And like as his minoritie was by all law and reaſon an impediment to himſelf to make ho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mage, ſo was the ſame by like reaſo<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> an impe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>diment to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> king of this realme to demaunde any, ſo that the whole time of intermiſſion of our claime in the time of the ſayde king Hen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ry the eyght, is <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 word"> <desc>〈◊〉</desc> </gap> vnto the number of thirtéene yeres, & thus much for this matter.</p> </div> <div n="17" type="chapter"> <head>Of the wall ſometime buylded for a parti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cion betweene Englande and the Pictes. Cap. 17.</head> <p>HAuing hitherto diſcourſed vpon the title of the kings of england, vnto the ſcottiſh kingdome. I haue nowe thought good to adde hereunto the deſcription of the wall that was in times paſt, a limite vnto both the ſayde re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gions, & therefore to be touched in this firſt booke as generallye apperteinent vnto the e<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtate, <!--<pb facs="tcp:29044:57"/>--> of the whole Iſlande.</p> <p> <note place="margin">The firſt beginner of the Picts wal</note>The firſt author and beginner therefore of this wall was Hadriane the emperour, who as <hi rend="text">Aelius Spartianus</hi> ſayth, erected the ſame of foure ſcore miles in length, to deuide the bar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>barous Brytons from the more ciuile ſort, which the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> were generally called by the name of Romaines.</p> <p> <note place="margin">The fini<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſher of the wall.</note>After hys tyme <hi rend="text">Seuerus</hi> the emperour co<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> <g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ming againe into this Iſle, (where he had ſer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ued before in repreſſion of the tumultes here begun, after y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> death of <hi rend="text">Lucius</hi>) amongſt other thinges he finiſhed the wall that Hadriane had begunne and extended it euen vnto the the weſt ſea, that earſt went no farder then foure ſcore myles, from the eaſt part of the Ocean, as I haue noted already. It is wor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thy y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> noting how that in thys voyage he loſt 50000. men in the ſcottiſh ſide, by one occa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſion and other, which hinderaunce ſo incen<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſed him, that he determined vtterlye to extin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>guiſh theyr memory from vnder heauen, and had ſo done in déede, if his life had indured but vntill another yeare. <hi rend="text">Sextus Aurelius</hi> wri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ting of <hi rend="text">Seuerus,</hi> addeth howe that the percell of the wall,<note place="margin">The wall goeth not ſtreight by a line but in and out in many places.</note> which was left by Hadriane, and finiſhed by this prince, conteyned two & thir<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tye miles, whereby the bredth of this Iſland there, and length of the wall conteyneth on<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lye 112. miles, as maye be gathered by hys wordes, but chiefly for the length of the wall <hi rend="text">Spartianus</hi> who touchting by it among o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther thinges ſaieth of <hi rend="text">Seuerus</hi> as followeth, <q xml:lang="lat">Brittaniam (quod maximum eius imperij de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cus eſt) muro per tranſuerſam inſulam ducto, vtrin<expan> <am> <g ref="char:abque"/> </am> <ex>que</ex> </expan> ad fine<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Oceani muniuit,</q> that is, he for<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tified Brytaine (which is one of the chiefe acts recorded of his time) with a wall made ouer<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thwart the Iſle, that reached on both ſides e<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uen to the very Ocean.</p> <p> <note place="margin">The ſtuffe of the wal</note>That this wal of ſtone alſo, the ruines ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of which haue miniſtred much matter to ſuch as dwell nere therunto in their buildinges is triall ſufficient. Hereby in lyke ſorte it com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>meth to paſſe, that where the ſoile about it is leaſt inhabited, there is moſt mention of the ſayde wall, which was wroughte of ſquared ſtone, as vnto this day may euidently be con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>firmed. Howbeit this Wall was not the one<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lye partition betwene theſe two kingdomes, ſith <hi rend="text">Iulius Capitolinus in vita Antonini Pij</hi> doth write of another that <hi rend="text">Lollius Vrbicus</hi> did make beyond the ſame, of Turffe, which ne<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>uertheleſſe was often throwen downe by the ſcottes,<note place="margin">Two o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther wals.</note> and eftſoones repayred againe vntill it was geuen ouer and relinquiſhed altoge<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther. The like mudde wal hath bene ſéene al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſo within the wall about an arrow ſhot from that of ſtone, but how farre it went, as yet I cannot finde, this onely remayneth certaine, that the wall made by Hadrian and Seuerus was ditched with a notable ditch,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> </note> and a ram<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pire made theron in ſuch wiſe, that the ſcot<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tiſh aduerſary had much adoe to enter & ſcale the ſame in his aſſaults. Betwixt Thirlewal, and the Northe Tine, are alſo in the waſte groundes, manye parcelles of that walle yet ſtanding, wherof the common people doe babble many thinges. Beginning therefore with the courſe thereof, from the weſt ſea,<note place="margin"> <gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="1 span"> <desc>〈…〉</desc> </gap> </note> I finde that it runneth fro<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> Bolneſſe to Burgh, about foure miles, and likewiſe from thence within halfe a mile of Caerleil, and leſſe on the north ſide, and beneath the confluence of the Peder and the Eden. From hence it go<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>eth to Terreby a village about a myle from Caerleil, then thorow the Barrony of Lin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtocke, and Gilleſland, on the north ſide of the riuer Irding or Arding, & a quarter of a mile from the Abbey of Leuercoſt. Then 3. myles aboue Leuercoſt, and aboue the confluence of Arding, and the Pultroſe becke (which deui<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>deth Gilleſland in Cumberlande, from ſouth Tindale in Northu<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>berland) it goeth to Thirl<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wall caſtle, the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> to the Wall towne, next of all ouer the riuer to Swenſheld, Carraw (per<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>aduenture Cair<gap reason="illegible" resp="#PDCC" extent="2 letters"> <desc>••</desc> </gap>ren) tower, to Walwijc, and ſo ouer ſouth Tine, to Cockely tower, Portgate, Halton ſheles, Wincheſter, Rut<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cheſter, Heddon, Walhottle, Denton, and to Newcaſtle, where it is thought that ſ. Nicho<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>las churche ſtandeth on the ſame. Howbeit, Leland ſayth, that it goeth within a myle of Newcaſtle, and the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> crooketh vp toward Tin<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mouth vnto Walleſende, ſo called becauſe the aforeſaid wall did ende at the ſame place. And thus much I read of the Pictiſh wal. As for the Romaine coyne that is often found in the courſe thereof, the curious brickes about the ſame nere vnto Carleil, beſide the excel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lent Cornellines and other coſtlye ſtones al<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ready entailled for Seales oftentymes take<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> vp in thoſe quarters, I paſſe the<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> ouer as not incide<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g>t to my purpoſe. In like maner I wold gladly alſo haue ſet downe the courſe of Of<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>faes ditch: but foraſmuch as y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> tractatio<g ref="char:cmbAbbrStroke">̄</g> ther<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>of is not to be referred to this place, becauſe it is not a thing generall to y<hi rend="sup">e</hi> whole Iſland, I omitte to ſpeake of that alſo. Yet thus much will I note here by the reporte of one (who ſaith how he did tread it out) that he followed it from the Dée to Kyrnaburgh hill thorow Treuelach forreſt, by eaſt af Crekith, Cauch hil, Mountgomery caſtle, the new caſtle and Diſcoid, & hauing brought it hitherto, either loſt it, or ſought after it no further, & ſo much of ſuch thinges as concerne the generall e<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ſtate of the whole Iſland.</p> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
