Image - Name 524.jpg Chapitre 93, page 323, Femme faisant de la dentelle Image - Name 524.jpg Image -
Image - Name 518.jpg Chapitre 76, page 262, Gare de chemin de fer extérieurement et intérieurement Image - Name 518.jpg Image -
Image - Name 512.jpg Chapitre 136, page 479, Varsseau de guerre cuirassé Image - Name 512.jpg Image -
141. — Quatre lavandières. Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. 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Action de plonger dans l'eau." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch141"> <pb type="page" n="502" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_502.jpg"/> <head>141. — Quatre lavandières. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>Le surlendemain jeudi, au coup de midi, comme le gravier de la rue résonnait sous une multitude de petits sabots sabotant, plusieurs de ces sabots s'arrêtèrent à la porte de la ferme.</p> <p>Deux écolières, en sarrau de cotonnade, entrèrent, et une demi-douzaine, les yeux curieux, restèrent sur le seuil de la porte.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> sortit du fournil, où elle veillait au coulage de la lessive. Les deux premières fillettes lui présentèrent l'une un paquet, l'autre un billet de <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName>.</p> <p>— Bon, dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, après avoir lu.</p> <p>Elle délia le paquet. C'étaient les objets de la layette <pb type="page" n="503" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_503.jpg"/> <fw>QUATRE LAVANDIERES. 503</fw> emportés à l'école. Après avoir examiné le travail et coiffé son poing d'un petit béguin : </p> <p>— Bien, très bien. C'est toi, <persName type="fictif">Margot</persName>, qui as cousu cela ? </p> <p><persName type="fictif">Margot</persName>, qui venait de remonter ses bas, se baissa, les remonta de nouveau et, se redressant : </p> <p>— Oui, dit-elle, et <persName type="fictif">Adèle</persName> a cousu les chemises.</p> <p><persName type="fictif">Adèle</persName> appuya de la tête.</p> <p>— <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> m'écrit de vous donner une récompense. Eh bien ! que voulez-vous comme récompense ?</p> <p>— <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> nous a dit que, peut-être, vous nous feriez laver cette layette, répondit <persName type="fictif">Margot</persName> doucément, comme si elle craignait un refus.</p> <figure> <caption>— Ah ! Madame, que c'est amusant, la lessive ! </caption> </figure> <p>— Très bien, vous reviendrez cette après-midi.</p> <p>— Reviendrons-nous avec <persName type="fictif">Rose</persName> et <persName type="fictif">Louise</persName>, qui ont aussi bien travaillé à la layette que nous, mademoiselle <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ? </p> <p>— Avec <persName type="fictif">Rose</persName> et <persName type="fictif">Louise</persName>, c'est entendu. Plus il y a de lavandières, plus vite va le lavage. Je vous attends à une heure.</p> <p>Quand, à l'heure dite, parurent les lavandières, le gros poêle ronflait. Auprès de la couleuse à lessive, un chaudron de cuivre, plein d'eau déjà fumante, attendait ; sur l'aire, un peu plus loin, un petit baquet posé sur un trépied.</p> <p>—Approchez ! ajustez devant vous ce grand torchon propre ! et retroussons nos manches, haut !.. plus haut... jusqu'aux coudes ! </p> <p>Alors <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> mit au baquet toute la layette, qui y fit <pb type="page" n="504" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_504.jpg"/> <fw>504 SUZETTE.</fw> un assez joli tas ; puis elle versa l'eau chaude dessus et tâta ; trop chaude ! Elle l'additionna d'eau froide jusqu'au degré voulu. Les fillettes regardaient ces préparatifs, tout impatientes de barboter. Et de temps en temps la brunette <persName type="fictif">Margot</persName> remontait activement ses bas, comme si cela eût dû hâter l'affaire.</p> <p>Enfin nous y sommes ! les bras se trémoussent dans le chaudron, le savon mousse ; une neige légère, diaprée, voltige en flocons, et parfois se pose sur la face, sur le nez des laveuses. Mais on fait bien attention à cela ! on barbote, on barbote ! </p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> surveille l'opération. A mesure qu'une bavette, une chemise, une brassière est lavée, elle la prend, l'examine, et, suivant le cas, la rejette aux lavandières ou la plonge dans le baquet d'eau claire placé un peu plus loin.</p> <p>— Et frottons, frottons vivement ! — C'est <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> qui entre avec cette invitation à ne pas muser.</p> <p>— Ah ! Madame, que c'est amusant, la lessive ! s'écrie la brunette ; et elle profite de la circonstance pour remonter ses bas.</p> <figure> <caption>La lessiveuse. Le nettoyage du linge par l'action des cendres, ou lessive, est une opération très importante. On dispose le linge sale dans une grande cuve, audessus on met une couche de cendres, puis l'on verse de l'eau chaude sur le tout. Cette eau filtre au travers du linge et le débarrasse de ses souillures ; on la recueille par un orifice laissé ouvert dans le fond du baquet, pour la remettre sur le feu et la verser de nouveau sur les cendres, dès qu'elle est chaude. Il faut toute une journée pour faire ce travail. Les appareils à lessiver rendent un réel service en ce sens qu'ils suppriment la personne employée à faire la lessive, puisqu'il n'y a que le feu à entretenir. Ces appareils se composent de deux parties principales : 1° une chaudière et son fourneau ; 2° une cuve dans laquelle on met le linge. L'eau en ébullition dans la chaudière se répand en jet d'eau par la pomme d'arrosage fixée à l'extrémite supérieure d'un tube dont l'autre bout communique avec la chaudière ; il s'établit, a travers toutes les couches du linge sur lequel on a jeté des cendres ou du carbonate de soude, un courant d'eau savonneuse qui détache et entraine les impuretés dont le linge est souillé.</caption> </figure> <p>— <persName type="fictif">Margot</persName>, à force d'être tiraillés, tes bas sont tout de travers, dit la maîtresse ; et tes idées sur la lessive le sont aussi. Tu fais là, non la lessive, mais seulement le savonnage, qui en est la seconde partie.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> découvre alors la couleuse, y montre le <pb type="page" n="505" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_505.jpg"/> <fw>QUATRE LAVANDIERES. 505</fw> linge en train de se nettoyer une première fois par le carbonate de soude.</p> <p>— La layette n'a pas passé par là parce qu'elle était déjà presque propre avant de voir l'eau, ajoute <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName>.</p> <p>Le savonnage achevé, et dans les règles, car il y a là deux paires d'yeux joliment ouverts, on commence le rinçage. Attention ! il s'agit maintenant de noyer les derniers vestiges de savon, qui prendraient en séchant une teinte rousse et gâteraient le meilleur blanchissage.</p> <p>On plonge, on presse la layette dans deux eaux claires ; car la peau tendre et irritable des bébés veut un linge pur. On parachève <note type="annotation">Parachever. Terminer avec soin.</note> par une immersion <note type="annotation">Immersion. Action de plonger dans l'eau.</note> dans un baquet d'eau azurée.</p> <p>Puis on tend des cordes, on y suspend tout l'attirail et même une petite robe d'indienne à mille raies blanches et roses, qui habilla jadis l'enfance de <persName type="fictif">Mlle Lucie Valon</persName>. La petite déshéritée qui vient de naître sera gentiment nippée pour quelque temps.</p> <p>Vous pouvez maintenant aller jouer, les quatre lavandières ! et vous, <persName type="fictif">Margot</persName>, remonter vos bas tout à l'aise, la layette séchera pendant la nuit.</p> <p>Le lendemain matin, après y avoir donné un coup de fer, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> alla la porter chez <persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName>. Pauvre maison ! </p> <p>Les quatre enfants tâchaient de se chauffer autour du poêle, brûlant à peine. Le cinquième, emmailloté du châle et du peu de linge donnés la veille. était sur les bras de la mère aux joues creuses. Dans la pièce à côté, <figure> <caption>Dentelle au crochet et mignardise. Ce genre de dentelle sert spécialement à garnir la lingerie et les vêtements d'enfants.</caption> </figure> s'entendait le terlic-terlac du jacquard d'<persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName>.</p> <p>Devant toute la richesse étalée la mère appela le tis-<fw type="footer">SUZETTE (Maîtresse). <fw type="sig">29</fw></fw> <pb type="page" n="506" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_506.jpg"/> <fw>506 SUZETTE.</fw> seur. Il vint, le visage adouci. Le bébé, dont les yeux grands ouverts regardaient le plafond, fit une légère grimace, pendant que <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> montrait à la mère un petit bonnet, garni d'un bout de dentelle au crochet.</p> <p>— Voyez, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette Dumay</persName>, voyez ! elle sourit ; elle est contente aussi ! </p> <p>— Vous reviendrez nous voir, <persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName>, dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>.</p> <p>— Oui.</p> <p>Et comme elle sortait :</p> <p>— Savez-vous, reprit-il, qu'il devrait y avoir beaucoup de braves gens comme vous ?</p> <p>— Peut-être, répondit-elle, tout le monde ne sait-il pas la joie qu on peut donner avec un peu de vieux linge.</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Qu'entendit-on le surlendemain jeudi, au coup de midi ? </item> <item>— Qui entra dans la ferme ? </item> <item>— Que fit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> et que lui présenta-t-on ? </item> <item>— Que trouva-t-elle dans le paquet ? </item> <item>— Reproduisez la conversation avec les deux fillettes.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui fut décidé pour <persName type="fictif">Rose</persName> et <persName type="fictif">Louise</persName> ? </item> <item>— Que virent les petites lavandières à leur retour ? </item> <item>— Que leur dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— Comment <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> mit-elle la layette au baquet ? </item> <item>— Quelle manie avait <persName type="fictif">Margot</persName> ? </item> <item>— Pourquoi ? </item> <item>— Dites comment on savonne le linge.</item> <item>— Que faisait <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> quand une plèce de la layette était savonnée ? </item> <item>— Que dirent les fillettes à <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> qui entrait ? </item> <item>— Quel conseil fut donné à <persName type="fictif">Margot</persName> ? </item> <item>— Où le linge fut-il placé par <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— Exposez la manière de rincer le linge ; — de le faire sècher.</item> <item>— Comment renvoya-t-on les bonnes petites fillettes ? </item> <item>— Quel aspect présentait, le lendemain matin, la chambre du logis d'<persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName> ? </item> <item>— Que fit la mère ? </item> <item>— Que devait penser le père ? </item> <item>— Reproduisez la conversation qui s'engagea.</item> <item>— Par quelle réflexion touchante <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> la termina-t-elle ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="industrie"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Décrire une lessiveuse extérieurement et intérieurement.</item> <item>— Avantages de cet appareil.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui est nécessaire pour couler les grosses lessives à la campagne ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>(Voir, pour la première question, la note de la page 305, Livre de l'élève, placée au-dessous de la lessiveuse.)</p> <p>Les lessiveuses présentent de grands avantages dans les villes et dans les campagnes où il n'existe point de rivières ni de ruisseaux propres au lavage en grand du linge, par la raison qu'elles exigent peu de place, peu de combustible, et que, de plus, l'opération peut être conduite sans qu'on cesse de s'occuper des soins du ménage. Si l'on sait doser convenablement les matières propres au blanchissage et bien diriger l'appareil, on obtient d'excellents résultats.</p> <p>Pour couler une grosse lessive, il faut une cuve de grandes dimensions qu'on pose sur un solide trépied, et un fourneau sur lequel on puisse faire bouillir une quantité d'au moins 12 à 15 litres d’eau à la fois. On doit se munir de bois sec, susceptible de donner une flamme claire, ainsi que d'une certaine quantité de bonnes cendres de bois.</p> <p>On commence par laver avec du savon, dans de l'eau froide, le linge à mettre en lessive, puis on en remplit la cuve en le froissant et non en le pliant, et en plaçant au fond le linge le plus sale ; au-dessus les draps, puis les chemises, enfin les linges de cuisine. On vers l'eau froide sur le tout, et on laisse tremper pendant une nuit.</p> <pb type="page" n="507" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_507.jpg"/> <fw>QUATRE LAVANDIERES. 507</fw> <p>Le lendemain, on recouvre la cuve d'une ample et forte toile sur laquelle on répand la quantité voulue de cendres en couches d'égale épaisseur. On verse sur ces cendres d'abord de l'eau froide qui dissout la potasse et la soude qu'elles contiennent, filtre à travers le linge et s'écoule lentement par le robinet dans un baquet destiné à la recueillir. Dès que le baquet est plein, on en verse l'eau dans une chaudière d'où, une fois tiède, on la retire pour la verser de nouveau sur les cendres. On soutire l'eau à nouveau et on la fait chauffer de plus en plus de façon à obtenir un liquide porté à l'ébullition, qu'on appelle lessive, et qui est versé une dernière fois dans la cuve, où la chaleur finit ainsi par pénétrer. On n'enlève les cendres que lorsque la température est la même partout, et l'on continue à couler après avoir mis sur la cuve les tissus fins, tels que les rideaux. L'opération entière dure de 12 à 14 heures, suivant la quantité du linge ; le robinet doit rester ouvert toute la nuit.</p> <p>Le lendemain, on lave le linge dans de l'eau chaude, puis on le rince à l'eau froide en le battant pour le débarrasser des dernières parcelles de lessive. La meilleure eau pour cette dernière operation est celle des rivières ou celle de pluie.</p> </div> </div> <div type="économie_domestique"> <head type="sujets">Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— En quoi peut-il être utile de faire un peu de crochet dans ses moments de loisir ? </item> </list> <list> <item>Qu'est-ce que les cristaux de soude ? </item> <item>— Quelles en sont les propriétés ? </item> <item>— A quelle dose convient-il de les employer ? </item> <item>— Quelle est la meilleure méthode de laver le linge ? </item> <item>— Que pensez-vous de l'emploi des brosses ? </item> <item>— Comment doit être l'eau du lavoir pour que le linge soit propre, blanc et sain ? </item> <item>— Que voit-on souvent à la campagne dans certains lavoirs ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Pendant ses moments de loisir, principalement pendant les longues soirées d'hiver ou les jours durant lesquels il pleut, au cours des voyages encore, une jeune fille s'occupe agréablement et utilement à confectionner quelques ouvrages de crochet ; ce travail est de beaucoup préférable aux conversations oiseuses, à la lecture des journaux ou à l'observation de choses sur lesquelles il est bon que les regards des jeunes filles ne se portent jamais.</p> <p>Les cristaux ou carbonate de soude sont un sel blanc, âcre, légèrement caustique, très soluble dans l'eau, et plus à chaud qu'à froid, qu'on tire de la soude du commerce. On s'en sert de préférence aux cendres dans le blanchissage du linge, et lorsqu’on n'en exagère pas la dose, ils donnent les résultats les plus satisfaisants.</p> <p>Dans une lessiveuse de 0m,38 de profondeur sur 0m,30 de diamètre moyen, on peut entasser 3 kil. 500 de linge. Cette quantité nécessite l'emploi de 200 grammes de carbonate de soude et 100 grammes de savon, soit 100 grammes de carbonate de soude et 50 grammes de savon pour 1 kil. 750 de linge.</p> <p>La meilleure manière de laver le linge est de le frotter à la main pour y faire pénétrer le savon, et de le frapper ensuite avec des battoirs de bois. On l'use énormément en le lavant à la brosse et surtout en le tordant. Aujourd'hui, on emploie avec grand avantage l'épureuse à force centrifuge, ou mieux encore l'essoreuse, formée de deux cylindres de bois revêtus de caoutchouc ontre lesquels on fait passer le linge môuillé pour en extraire l'eau avant de l'étendre à l'air sur la corde.</p> <p>L'eau du lavoir doit être courante afin d'être constamment renouvelée ; sinon elle se charge d'impuretés et donne le spectacle d'une bouillie infecte qui empoisonne le linge et y introduit le germe de maladies de peau. Ce triste état de choses se constate trop fréquem<pb type="page" n="508" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_508.jpg"/> <fw>508 SUZETTE.</fw> ment encore dans certaines campagnes où l'eau est rare ; dans ce dernier cas, on aura toujours avantage à se rendre à un ruisseau ou à une fontaine, quelle qu'en soit la distance.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
140. — En taillant une layette. Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" xmlns:org="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#"> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch140.xml?note_annotation_20231212153834689", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-12-12T20:38:34.689Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-12-12T20:38:34.689Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "1", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "admin" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch140.xml?note_annotation_20231212153834689#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch140.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch140.xml?note_annotation_20231212153834689#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[21]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Marchand en gros. Celui qui vend les marchandises par\n quantités considérables." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch140.xml?note_annotation_20231212153834690", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-12-12T20:38:34.690Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-12-12T20:38:34.690Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "1", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "admin" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch140.xml?note_annotation_20231212153834690#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch140.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch140.xml?note_annotation_20231212153834690#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[21]/note[2]" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "S'ingénier. Voir n° 49." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch140.xml?note_annotation_20231212153834691", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-12-12T20:38:34.691Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-12-12T20:38:34.691Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "1", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "admin" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch140.xml?note_annotation_20231212153834691#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch140.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch140.xml?note_annotation_20231212153834691#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[24]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Vétéran. 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Celles qui constituent la\n base de toute fabrication." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": 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Le couvert ôté, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> chercha dans l'armoire, et elle en tirait un vieux drap et un jupon de piqué encore bon, quand <persName type="fictif" key="m_valon">M</persName>. et <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> entrèrent pour passer la soirée, comme cela leur arrivait assez souvent.</p> <p>— Madame, je vais faire une layette pour un petit enfant.</p> <pb type="page" n="497" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_497.jpg"/> <fw type="footer"><fw type="sig">28</fw></fw> <figure> <caption>Pièces d'habillement composant la layette d'un jeune enfant. Les diverses pièces qui constituent généralement la layette d'un jeune enfant sont : 1. la robe de dessus ; — 2. la capote ; — 3, la brassière en laine ; — 4. le petit bonnet de mousseline ; — 5. les chaussons de laine tricotés ; — 6. le corset ; — 7. la chemise, qui devra étre aussi fine que possible pour ne pas écorcher la peau du bébé ; — 8. les bas de laine tricotés ; — 9, la bavette en piqué ; — 10. le béguin de toile, sans oublier les jupons de laine et de finette. Pour les tout jeunes enfants, il faut encore ajouter à cette nomenclature les couches, les langes et les maillots en laine.</caption> </figure> <pb type="page" n="498" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_498.jpg"/> <fw>498 SUZETTE.</fw> <p><persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> conta la visite d'<persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName>, et M<persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">me Valon</persName>, renfermant dans son sac à ouvrage un tricot qu'elle venait d'en tirer :</p> <p>Mais tout de suite ! il faut la faire tout de suite, cette layette ! Et comme cela me connaît, passe-moi les ciseaux.</p> <p>Sans hésitation, les ciseaux taillèrent vivement dans le drap et dans le jupon de piqué. Car, bien que <persName type="fictif">Georges</persName> et <persName type="fictif">Lucie Valon</persName> fussent maintenant de belle taille, leur mère n'avait pas oublié les mesures des petits messieurs, des petites demoiselles au berceau.</p> <p>Les ciseaux posés, elle prit une à une les pièces qui ressemblaient beaucoup à des vêtements de poupée.</p> <p>— Voici, dit-elle, des béguins, des bonnets, des brassières, des chemises, des bavettes, des couches. Je t'en emporterai une forte partie, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ; je ferai coudre cela demain, en récompense, à mes meilleures élèves. Elles seront contentes de s'associer à un bon acte de fraternité.</p> <p>— Oui ! dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, je vais leur faire concurrence.</p> <p>Elle prit l'aiguille, se mit à une petite chemise et ses doigts volèrent. Ceux de <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> battirent aussitôt, la même marche sur un béguin.</p> <p>Après un silence, elle dit :</p> <p>— Nous ne pouvons pourtant pas nous laisser ainsi frapper par les événements sans nous rebiffer un peu. <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> et moi, nous causions récemment de la misère du village.</p> <p>— J'allais en parler à mon père quand <persName type="fictif">Antoine</persName> est entré. </p> <p>— Eh bien ! parle-lui-en.</p> <p>Mais <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> passa la parole à <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName>, qui la passa à son mari ; et celui-ci la laissa aux dames.</p> <p>— Eh bien ! reprit <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName>, n'y a-t-il pas un remède à la maladie de la misère ?</p> <p>— Si vous le trouvez, Madame, dit <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName>, ni vous ni le pauvre monde n'aurez perdu votre journée.</p> <p>— Je parle d'un remède pressant. Voyons ! les salaires, déjà bas, des ouvriers d'ici ont baissé de cinquante centimes.</p> <pb type="page" n="499" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_499.jpg"/> <fw>EN TAILLANT UINE LAYETTE. 499</fw> <p>— C'est énorme !</p> <p>— Oui, c'est énorme, mais pourquoi ? Parce qu'avec trente sous la pauvre mère de famille ne peut plus se procurer ce qu'elle avait pour quarante. Eh bien ! supposez que demain, brusquement, le prix des vivres diminuât de moitié ? Combien vaudraient les trente sous des ouvriers ? Trois francs, du coup. Or ne pouvons-nous pas diminuer le prix des vivres ?</p> <p>—De moitié ?</p> <p>— Non, pas de tant. Mais que diriez-vous d'une ménagère qui achêterait directement au producteur, ou, à défaut du producteur, au marchand en gros*<note type="annotation">Marchand en gros. Celui qui vend les marchandises par quantités considérables.</note> ? Voilà tout de suite une économie plus large encore que ne la fit autrefois <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> sur le café en l'achetant par demi-kilo, et non plus par quart. Cette ménagère va trouver ses commères en petite bourse et en grosses dépenses. Elle leur dit : Il nous faut à chacune un demi-kilo de graisse, de sucre, de café, de haricots, de savon, sans compter le pétrole et le reste. Mettons en commun le prix de ce demi-kilo ; achetons pour nous toutes, et nous aurons chacune un kilo, ou peu s'en faut, au lieu d'un demi, avec le même argent. Et de la sorte, nous rattrapons, et au delà, les quarante sous de la journée de nos hommes ! Quand on est dans le fossé, il faut s'ingénier*<note type="annotation">S'ingénier. Voir n° 49.</note> pour en sortir ; quand on peut créer de meilleures conditions d'échange de sa pauvre monnaie, c'est une sottise que de continuer à souffrir. Le plus douloureux chez nous, c'est que chacun vit pour soi, quand il faudrait s'associer pour l'aide et le profit communs.</p> <figure> <caption>Haricots. Les graines de haricots se mangent soit à l'état sec, soit à l'état frais. La gousse, cueillie bien avant la maturité et lorsque les grains sont encore tout petits, constitue un légume nourrissant, connu seus le nom de haricots verts, et qu'on peut conserver indéfiniment dans des boites en fer-blanc bien fermées.</caption> </figure> <p>Sur ces mots, <persName type="fictif" key="m_valon">M. Valon</persName> raconta une histoire fort <pb type="page" n="500" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_500.jpg"/> <fw>500 SUZETTE.</fw> connue, mais qu'il est toujours bon de répéter : celle d'une poignée d'ouvriers anglais qui, il y a environ cinquante ans, devant une situation pareille à celle des ouvriers de <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName>, eurent un jour l'idée, leur salaire abaissé, de réduire non pas leur chère, car réduire sa chère c'est diminuer ses forces, mais leurs frais d'achat.</p> <p>Ils se cotisèrent, achetèrent en commun, et du coup mangèrent plus abondamment. Puis ils étendirent leurs achats, et purent bientôt ouvrir une boutique où ils cédèrent, avec très peu de bénéfices, à leurs frères ouvriers, les marchandises de première nécessité. </p> <p>A la longue, par le nombre croissant des associés, ces tout petits bénéfices devinrent si considérables qu'il s'en fit trois parts, une qui se divisa entre tous les acheteurs ; une autre qui fonda des écoles, des bibliothèques et des asiles pour les vétérans*<note type="annotation">Vétéran. Vieil ouvrier incapable de travail.</note> et les infirmes de l'atelier. La troisième, réservée à l'extension de la société, créa des magasins de vêtements, de cordonnerie, d'ameublement, d'ustensiles de ménage, et aussi des filatures, des tissages mécaniques pour alimenter ces magasins. Aujourd'hui, les Pionniers de <placeName>Rochdale</placeName> — c'est leur nom — ont des vaisseaux à eux qui vont chercher au loin, à leur source même de production, les matières premières*<note type="annotation">Matières premières. Celles qui constituent la base de toute fabrication.</note>, les laines d'<placeName key="Australia" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q408">Australie</placeName>, les cuirs de <placeName key="Buenos Aires" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1486">Buenos-Ayres</placeName>*<note type="annotation">Buenos-Ayres, Ville de l'<placeName key="South America" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q18">Amérique du Sud</placeName>.</note>, les épices des îles ! Cela a l'air d'un conte ; ce n'est pourtant que la véridique histoire d'une association de gens pratiques.</p> <p>— Mais, s'écria <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> en se levant, allons vite la conter aux ouvriers de <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName> !</p> <p>— Ils la savent depuis longtemps, répondit <persName type="fictif" key="m_valon">M. Valon</persName> avec un soupir.</p> <p>— C'est aux femmes qu'il faut la conter ! reprit vivement <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> ; c'est elles, les pauvres acheteuses, qu'il faut gagner à l'idée d'association ! Et je voudrais bien savoir si la fraternelle idée des Pionniers de <placeName>Rochdale</placeName> n'a pas été inspirée par quelque bonne et ingénieuse femme d'ouvrier ! Il y a des questions que nous entendons plus vite que les hommes.</p> </div> <pb type="page" n="501" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_501.jpg"/> <fw>EN TAILLANT UNE LAYETTE. 501</fw> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Que fit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> après le repas ? </item> <item>— Quelles personnes survinrent ? </item> <item>— Que décida <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> ?</item> <item>— Que tailla-t-elle ?</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'elle n'avait point oublié ? </item> <item>— Quels vêtements d'enfants prépara-t-elle ? </item> <item>— Comment se proposa-t-elle de les faire coudre ? </item> <item>— A quoi s'occupèrent ces dames pendant la veillée ? </item> <item>— De combien avaient baissé les salaires ? </item> <item>— Quelle supposition fit <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> à propos de la baisse des salaires ? </item> <item>— Comment peut-on diminuer le prix de revient des objets de consommation journalière ? </item> <item>— Que pourrait alors proposer une ménagère à ses voisines ?</item> <item>— Que faut-il faire lorsqu’on est dans le fossé, c'est-à-dire dans l'embarras ?</item> <item>— Racontez l'histoire des Pionniers de <placeName>Rochdale</placeName>.</item> <item>— Que possède et que fait aujourd'hui cette société ? </item> <item>— Que proposa <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> ? </item> <item>— Qui avait déjà conté cette histoire aux gens de Fragicourt ? </item> <item>— Que proposa <persName type="fictif" key="mme_valon">Mme Valon</persName> ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="morale"> <head type="sujets">Morale.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Que pensez-vous de <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, et pourquoi aimeriez-vous avoir une amie telle que cette jeune fille ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Je pense que <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> est une jeune personne d'un excellent cœur, active, raisonnable et pratique. Il ne faut pas se contenter de voir le bien à faire, mais, comme elle, se mettre à l'ouvrage résolument, promptement et vivement. <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> pratique la vraie charité, celle qui ne fait pas attendre, qui n'humilie pas et qui sait ce qu'il convient de donner. Que d'autres sont prodigues de plaintes, de condoléances et qui pensent avoir rempli leur devoir lorsqu'elles se sont apitoyées sur les misères d'autrui !</p> <p>J'aimerais à avoir une amie telle que <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, car auprès d'elle je ne trouverais que de bons exemples et des encouragements à faire le bien.</p> </div> </div> <div type="industrie"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'une layette ? </item> <item>— un béguin ? </item> <item>— des brassières ? </item> <item>— une bavette ? </item> <item>— des langes ou couches ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>On donne le nom de layette au linge et aux effets destinés à un enfant nouveau-né.</p> <p>Un béguin est une coiffe pour les enfants qui s'attache sous le menton avec une petite bride.</p> <p>Les brassières ne sont autre chose qu'une petite camisole qui sert à maintenir le corps, et qui est particulièrement à l'usage des enfants.</p> <p>Une bavette est une petite pièce de toile qu'on attache sur la poitrine des jeunes enfants pour recevoir la salive qui tombe de leurs lèvres.</p> <p>On appelle langes ou couches des pièces d'étoffes ou de toile dont on enveloppe les enfants au berceau ; on en fait en toile, en molleton, en piqué.</p> </div> </div> <div type="économie_domestique"> <head type="sujets">Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Etablissez le détail des pièces d'une layette telle que celle dont votre mère eut besoin pour vous. </item> <item>— Faites le compte de ce qu'on a dépensé pour la préparer (achat, couture, repassage).</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Chaque entant demandera à sa mère la liste des effets en question, puis elle disposera le compte, pour chacun, de la manière suivante :</p> <table><row><cell>Etoffe pour un béguin... mèt. à</cell><cell>............</cell><cell> = </cell></row> <row><cell>Façon et fournitures, repassage</cell><cell>............</cell><cell> = </cell></row> <row><cell>Prix de... béguins = X</cell> <cell>............</cell> <cell>=</cell></row></table> <list> <item>Qu'est-ce qui produit la cherté des vivres, même quand le producteur les vend à bon compte ? </item> <item>— Citez des exemples. </item> <item>— Comment pourrait-on, dans votre pays, ramener les prix à un taux raisonnable ?</item> </list> <p>La cherté des vivres provient le plus souvent de leur rareté ; elle est encore causée par la multiplication exagérée des maisons de vente. <pb type="page" n="502" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_502.jpg"/> <fw>502 SUZETTE.</fw> Écrasés par les frais d'installation et de loyer, vendant peu, ces établissements élèvent les prix à un taux ruineux pour le consommateur ; la chose se produit souvent dans les grandes villes et dans leur banlieue.</p> <p>On pourrait ramener les prix à un taux raisonnable en opérant ainsi que les Pionniers de <placeName>Rochdale</placeName>, ou bien encore en s'entendant à plusieurs pour se fournir exclusivement chez le marchand qui débiterait des produits de bonne qualité à des prix modérés, et non au double du prix d'achat sur les lieux de production, comme cela se voit fréquemment.</p> </div> </div> <div type="hygiène"> <head type="sujets">Hygiène.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Comment doit-on s'y prendre pour emmailloter un bébé pour la nuit ?</item> <item>— Donnez un aperçu des soins que réclament les tout jeunes enfants.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Lorsqu’on veut emmailloter un enfant pour la nuit, il faut l'envelopper avec un lange de toile très douce qu'on'attachera sur le pourtour du corps plutôt avec des cordons qu'avec des épingles ; par-dessus, on mettra de la même manière un lange de laine ou de molleton, en observant les mêmes précautions, et l'on se gardera d'emprisonner les jambes de manière à leur interdire tout mouvement ; par la gêne qu'imposerait une telle situation à une grande personne, on pent juger de la souffrance que ressentirait l'enfant, dont les membres sont si délicats.</p> <p>Les bébés doivent être tenus avec une extrême propreté si l'on ne veut pas les exposer à de douloureuses affections de la peau ; on leur donnera à manger fréquemment, à des heures réglées, et selon que leur age l'exigera. Les mettre trop tôt au régime des soupes, des bouillies, c'est s'exposer à fatiguer leur estomac et à provoquer soit des indigestions, soit des dérangements d'entrailles dont les conséquences peuvent être fatales.</p> <p>L'enfant passe presque entièrement à dormir les premiers temps de sa vie. L'usage veut encore aujourd'hui qu'il repose dans un berceau, quoiqu'on ne le berce plus guère, car les médecins blâment ce moyen généralement adopté autrefois pour amener le sommeil. Ce petit lit doit être bien simple, assez long pour que le bébé puisse y coucher jusqu'à six ou sept ans, garni d'une paillasse rembourrée de feuilles de mais, d'une couverture de laine, et surmonté d'un rideau léger de mousseline.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
138. — Mauvais temps. Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. 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"schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch138"> <pb n="488" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_488.jpg"/> <head>138. — Mauvais temps. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>La bise sifflait, balayant les feuilles mortes. Déjà, aux derniers jours d'octobre, des flocons de neige voltigeaient dans l'air. Sous le ciel gris, le rude hiver s'avançait.</p> <p>Ce jour-là, le village de <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName> paraissait triste, quoiqu'on y connût depuis longtemps la bise et la neige ; les fronts étaient soucieux. </p> <p>Des bruits d'arrêt de travail et de baisse de salaire arrivaient des environs. Et, comme au spectacle de la grêle ravageant les champs voisins le laboureur tremble pour les siens, les tisseurs de <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName> tremblaient de voir fondre aussi sur eux la grande misère du chômage*<note type="annotation">Chômage. Temps pondant lequel le travail est suspendu.</note>. </p> <p>La ferme, moins directement intéressée à la crainte générale, n'en était pas moins préoccupée, car on y savait penser à la peine d'autrui.</p> <p>Suzette achevait de ranger dans l'armoire son linge tout éblouissant de blancheur.</p> <p>Certes, il n'y avait pas de luxe, et les draps, par exemple, n'étaient pas de cette toile dont vingt aunes*<note type="annotation">Aune. Ancienne mesura égale à 1m20.</note> <pb n="489" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_489.jpg"/> <fw type="header">MAUVAIS TEMPS. 489</fw> roulées passaient, comme dit le vieux conte, par le trou d'une aiguille ; non, mais c'était de bonne toile de lin au fil bien rond, bien tors, rappelant celui que filaient jadis à la quenouille les « fileresses », nos mères.</p> <p>Quelle bonne odeur fraiche en sortait après la lessive, l'herbée*<note type="annotation">Herbée.Exposition du linge sur l'herbe.</note>, le repassage ! Et comme on le choyait ! Ne nous parlez pas d'une ménagère sans souci de son linge. Ici on avait une devise : « Fais bien ce que tu fais. » Aussi repassait-on comme on lessivait et rangeait. C'est une besogne proprette que le repassage. Et <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> la faisait d'ordinaire en caraco rose ou lilas, ce qui lui donnait un air de fleur printanière.</p> <figure> <caption> Fers à repasser. 1 et 2. Fer ordinaire des blanchisseuses ; — 3 et 4. Fers creux dans lesquels on met de la braise ou un charbon allumés ; — 5. Fer spéclal pour repasser les bonnets : on chauffe la demi-boule qui surmonte la tige et l'on passe ensulte sur cette demi-boule le bonnet, que l'on tient avec les mains ; — 6. Fer à tuyauter pour les étoffes empesées et les dentelles.</caption> </figure> <p>Tant qu'il s'agissait du linge plat, mouchoirs, taies d'oreillers, serviettes, etc., elle chantait. Et pan ! pan ! pan ! allez, le fer ! Et pan ! pan ! pan ! revenez-y !</p> <p>Mais au linge empesé, cols, manchettes, chemises d'homme, son visage devenait sérieux. Attentivement <pb n="490" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_490.jpg"/> <fw type="header">490 SUZETTE.</fw> elle approchait de sa joue le fer pour bien juger de son degré de chaleur. Et alors, c'était une façon posée de le glisser sur les cols, les poignets, les plastrons, de souffler sur la moindre poussière, de gratter prestement les petits amas d'amidon pour les empêcher de se fixer là, d'y former ces sortes de galettes si laides à l'œil et qui affichent si bien l'inexpérience de l'ouvrière.</p> <p>Elle n'était pas arrivée du premier coup à ce talent. <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName>, que la coquetterie n'étouffait pourtant pas, avait jadis plus d'une fois souri devant les arabesques de faux plis, les empreintes de fer décorant ses plastrons de chemise.</p> <p>Aujourd'hui, vous pouvez mettre vos lunettes, papa, regarder ! même au microscope*<note type="annotation">Microscope. Instrumuent qui grossit les objets qu'on y regarde.</note>... non, pas ça à reprendre Et alors, c'était une façon posée de le glisser sur les cols, les poignets, les plastrons, de souffler sur la moindre poussière.... Comme elle posait sur le dernier rayon de l'armoire la dernière rangée de mouchoirs de poche, <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> entra, le visage grave. Elle se retourna :</p> <p>— Père, qu'y a-t-il ?... Ah ! le chômage ! </p> <p>— Non, ma fille, pas encore, mais la baisse des salaires. Les meilleurs ouvriers, ceux qui gagnaient quarante sous, ne pourront aller au delà de trente ou trente-cinq.</p> <p>Elle leva les mains au ciel. Elle savait ce que sont trente sous et même quarante, dans une maison de quatre, six, huit personnes :</p> <p>— Que vont faire ces pauvres gens ?</p> <pb n="491" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_491.jpg"/> <fw type="header">MAUVAIS TEMPS. 491</fw> <p>— L'entrepreneur*<note type="annotation">Entrepreneur, Celui qui se charge d'exécuter un travail considérable.</note> n'est pas un méchant homme ; il leur a montré ses comptes ; la concurrence étrangère l'écrase. Ils ont accepté. </p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Décrivez les premiers jours de la mauvaise saison.</item> <item>— Quels bruits arrivaient des environs ?</item> <item>— Quelle sorte d'ouvriers renfermait le village ?</item> <item>— Pourquoi s'affligeait-on à la ferme de la baisse des salaires ?</item> <item>— Que faisait <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> durant l'après-midi ?</item> <item>— Qu'était son linge ?</item> <item>— Quels soins lui donnait-elle ?</item> <item>— Quel est l'objet du repassage ?</item> <item>— Faites connaître les diverses sortes de fers.</item> <item>— Comment s'y prenait la jeune fille pour repasser : 1° le gros linge,</item> <item>— 2° le linge fin ?</item> <item>— Que savez vous de ses débuts dans l'art de repasser ?</item> <item>— Pourquoi <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> avait-il le visage grave en rentrant ?</item> <item>— Que dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ?</item> <item>— Qu'entend-on par concurrence ; — par concurrence étrangère ?</item> <item>— Quel était l'effet de cette dernière concurrence ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="composition"> <head type="sujets">Composition.</head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item> — Aspect que présente en hiver soit un village avec la campagne environnante, soit la ville.</item> <item>— Plaisirs et misères de l'hiver.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>(Voir <title>COURS DE COMPOSITION FRANÇAISE (Degré supérieur), Partie du maître, par <persName type="historique">E. LAPORTE</persName></title>, page 300.)</p> </div> </div> <div type="industrie"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item>— DE LA TOILE.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que la toile ?</item> <item>— De quelles plantes textiles proviennent les fils avec lesquels on fabrique les toiles ?</item> <item>— Qualités et défauts de chacune de ces sortes de toiles.</item> <item>— Blanchiment des toiles.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>La toile est un tissu de fils de lin, de chanvre et de coton. Par analogie, on donne encore ce nom à quelques autres tissus : toiles métalliques, toile d'amiante. On fabrique la toile avec des métiers mis en œuvre par les tisserands, qui sont très nombreux dans les villes manufacturières du <placeName>Nord</placeName>, de l'<placeName>Est</placeName> et dans quelques villes des autres régions, telles que <placeName key="Flers" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q148263">Flers</placeName>, <placeName key="Cholet" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q185066">Cholet</placeName>, <placeName key="Rouen" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q30974">Rouen</placeName>.</p> <p>Les toiles de lin et de chanvre sont résistantes et de longue durée ; elles ne blessent pas les peaux délicates, mais elles donnent une sensation désagréable de froid lorsqu'elles sont mouillées par la transpiration. Celles de coton sont plus chaudes et ne présentent pas l'inconvénient que nous venons de signaler ; mais elles ont le défaut de causer souvent des démangeaisons par les aspérités de leur tissu. Enfin, si elles ont l'avantage de coûter moins que les autres, elles durent peu, surtout dans les villes, où l'on use de procédés destructeurs pour blanchir le linge.</p> <p>BLANCHIMENT DES TOILES. — Le blanchiment qu'il ne faut pas confondre avec le blanchissage, est une opération qui a pour objet de donner une blancheur convenable aux toiles récemment tissées qui ne sont pas destinées à être teintes.</p> <p>Le procédé le plus commun consiste à laver la toile dans une dissolution de potasse et de soude, puis de l'étendre pendant des semaines entières, jour et nuit, sur l'herbe des prairies. On emploie une méthode beaucoup plus expéditive dans les grandes fabriques, au détriment toutefois de la solidité de la toile ; on plonge le tissu dans une dissolution de chlore ou on l'expose simplement à l'action de ce gaz.</p> <p>N. B. — Le chlore est un gaz de couleur verdâtre qui provoque une toux violente quand on le respire, et qui jouit de la propriété de détruire les couleurs végétales. Aussi ne l'emploie-t-on jamais pour la <pb n="492" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_492.jpg"/> <fw type="header">492 SUZETTE.</fw> laine et la soie, qu'il réduirait en bouillie. On blanchit la laine à la vapeur du soufre.</p> </div> </div> <div type="économie_domestique"> <head type="sujets">Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item> — Avec quelle toile feriez-vous de préférence : des draps de lit, des nappes, des serviettes, des essuie-mains, des torchons, des mouchoirs, du linge de corps ?</item> <item>— Manière de préparer l'amidon et le linge qu'on veut repasser.</item> <item>— Comment fait-on chauffer les fers ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Les meilleures toiles pour le linge de ménage, comme draps, serviettes, nappes, essuie-mains, torchons, sont celles de chanvre. On préfère cependant la toile de lin pour le linge fin. Celle de coton s'emploie pour les chemises, guimpes, cols, poignets, jupons ; elle ne coûte guère et prend au blanchissage une belle couleur blanche.</p> <p>En faisant tomber de l'eau sur de la farine, cette eau entraîne une substance qui la colore en blanc et se dépose au fond du vase où l'on a recueilli le liquide. Séchée et réduite en poudre, on lui donne le nom d'amidon. L'autre partie de la farine est une matière molle, gluante, élastique qu'on appelle gluten ; c'est la partie nourrissante au pain. On trouve encore l'amidon dans les pommes de terre, les haricots, les pois, mais alors on le désigne sous le nom de fécule.</p> <p>L'amidon est sans odeur ni saveur : c'est une poudre blanche et brillante, insoluble dans l'eau froide. Traitée par l'eau bouillante, elle se convertit en une gelée connue sous le nom d'empois, qui sert à donner au linge qu'on repasse une certaine fermeté et un certain éclat.</p> <p>On fait chauffer les fers sur un fourneau à charbon qu'on a soin de placer sous le manteau d'une cheminée ou au dehors, à cause du dégagement de gaz malsains qui se produirait sur un poêle, un fourneau de cuisine et même devant le foyer. On se sert encore pour cet usage de la flamme du gaz d'éclairage.</p> </div> </div> <div type="calcul"> <head type="sujets">Calcul.</head> <div type="questions"> <list type="exercices"> <item> — Que coûtent, dans votre commune, le blanchissage et le repassage de 3 bonnets de nuit, de 6 cols, de 4 guimpes, de 12 mouchoirs de poche, de 3 pantalons, de 2 jupons blancs tuyautés ? (Disposer ce compte sous forme de facture.)</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p><persName type="fictif">FOURNER Eléonore</persName>, blanchisseuse à <placeName key="Chailly-en-Bière" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1168042">Chailly-en-Bière</placeName> (S.-et-M.).</p> <p>Doit <persName type="fictif">Mlle LENOIR Henriette</persName>, le blanchissage de :</p> <p>3 bonnets de nuit à .. fr... l'un........</p> <p>6 cols... ... à .. fr... l'un ...</p> <p>—</p> <p>TOTAL...... </p> <p>Pour acquit :</p> <p><placeName key="Chailly-en-Bière" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1168042">Chailly-en-Bière</placeName>, le 28 juillet 1878.</p> <p><persName type="fictif">E. FOURNIER</persName>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
136. — Extraits des Lettres de Jacques. Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. 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"schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch136"> <pb type="page" n="478" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_478.jpg"/> <head>136. — Extraits des Lettres de Jacques. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>« <placeName>Fort-de-France</placeName>, <placeName>Martinique</placeName>.</p> <p>« Cher père,</p> <p>« Ma première lettre d'arrivée ne contenait que quelques mots ; le courrier pour la <placeName>France</placeName> allait partir. Voici la seconde que je vous promettais.</p> <p>« C'est par le chemin des écoliers que nous sommes venus ; on a voulu nous aguerrir à la mer, nous dit le commandant. De <placeName key="Cherbourg" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3667188">Cherbourg</placeName> à <placeName key="Brest" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12193">Brest</placeName>, à <placeName key="Saint-Nazaire" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q152027">Saint-Nazaire</placeName>, à <placeName key="Bordeaux" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1479">Bordeaux</placeName>, puis aux côtes de l'<placeName key="Spain" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q29">Espagne</placeName>, du <placeName key="Portugal" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q45">Portugal</placeName> et de l'<placeName key="Africa" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15">Afrique</placeName> jusqu'au <placeName key="Senegal" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1041">Sénégal</placeName>, et même à la <placeName key="Guinea" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1006">Guinée</placeName>, nous avons touché un peu partout, mais sans le loisir de regarder beaucoup autour de nous.</p> <p>« Pendant ce temps, notre <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, comme elle me l'avait annoncé par sa dernière lettre, suivait attentivement des yeux, sur la carte, notre vaisseau de parallèle* <note type="annotation">Parallèle. Cercle parallèle à l'équateur figuré sur la sphère ou les cartes.</note> en parallèle, de méridien* <note type="annotation">Méridien. Cercle qui fait le tour de la terre en passant par les pôles.</note> en méridien, par la ligne directe de <placeName key="Cherbourg" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3667188">Cherbourg</placeName> à la <placeName key="Martinique" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17054">Martinique</placeName>.</p> <p>« Enfin nous touchons l'île que <persName key="Christopher Columbus" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7322">Christophe Colomb</persName> découvrit le 12 octobre 1492.</p> <p>« Ah ! c'est une douce émotion de retrouver la patrie à quinze cents lieues d'elle, de pouvoir presser des mains <pb type="page" n="479" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_479.jpg"/> de tout côté tendues ! Toute la ville a joyeusement fêté les nouveaux venus de la grande <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName>.</p> <p>« Mais c'est le soir de l'arrivée que j'ai vu la marque la plus touchante de sympathie. Je prenais l'air aux abords de la citadelle pour reconnaître un peu les environs. Un nègre passait, en train de manger un morceau de canne à sucre. Il s'arrêtà, nous liâmes conversation : </p> <p>« — Hé ! dit-il de son accent créole, vous arrivez de <figure> <caption>Vaisseau de guerre cuirassé, Certains vaisseaux de guerre sont revêtus de plaques d'acier qui les protègent contre les boulets et les obus. Les vaisseaux de guerre sont attachés aux ports militaires de <placeName key="Cherbourg" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3667188">Cherbourg</placeName>, <placeName key="Brest" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12193">Brest</placeName>, <placeName key="Lorient" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q71724">Lorient</placeName>, <placeName key="Rochefort" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q207587">Rochefort</placeName> et <placeName key="Toulon" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q44160">Toulon</placeName> ; ils sont destinés à défendre les côtes de la <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName>, les colonies et à lutter, en cas de guerre, contre les navires des autres puissances.</caption> </figure> <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName> ? — Et chaleureusement il me parla de son désir de voir, avant de fermer les yeux, la terre libératrice ; puis il ajouta : </p> <p>« —Les pauvres pères noirs ! ils vécurent et moururent méprisés, fouaillés comme des chiens. Mais la loi française a aboli l'esclavage ; leurs fils sont Français ! citoyens d'une grande République !</p> <p>« — Oui, lui dis-je, nous sommes frères ! </p> <p>« A ce mot, il se mit à pleurer en me pressant la main.</p> <p>« II s'appelle <persName type="fictif">Philémon</persName>. Il est menuisier. Sur sa demande, je suis allé le voir. Il m'a présenté sa femme, ses deux enfants, bonnes gens très doux. Voilà des amis.</p> <p>« Le soldat porte ici, comme un bourgeois, un vaste <pb type="page" n="480" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_480.jpg"/> chapeau de paille contre les insolations* <note type="annotation">Insolation. Grave maladie causée par une trop longue station au soleil.</note> . Car ce soleil du tropique* <note type="annotation">Tropiques. Cercles figurés au N. et au S. de l'équateur à 13°27' de distance.</note> ne flâne jamais comme chez nous. Toujours en train de chauffer, de brûler. Et malgré la soif, ordre de ne pas boire, surtout de liqueurs fortes. Les intempérants sont enlevés en peu de jours.</p> <p>« Dans les premiers moments, <persName type="fictif" key="sylvain">Sylvain</persName> et moi, nous avons beaucoup plus souffert ici de la soif que le cousin <persName type="fictif" key="pascal">Pascal</persName> dans le désert du , quand il n'y trouvait pas l'oasis — vous vous rappelez ? — Mais la raison et la volonté nous ont acheminés assez vite à l'habitude qui fait tout endurer.</p> <p>« Contre le soleil aussi, il faut une nourriture légère. A la <placeName key="Martinique" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17054">Martinique</placeName>, bien des gens se contentent pour leur repas d'un morceau de canne à sucre, de lait de coco ou de quelque igname, patate, banane, mangue, <figure> <caption>Tige de manioc.</caption> </figure> orange ; tous ces fruits sont délicieux, avec des saveurs intenses que leur donne le soleil.</p> <p>« Le pain est assez étrange et mauvais, fait de râpures de manioc ; ce manioc, vous le connaissez au moins par sa fécule que nous appelons, en <placeName key="Europe" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q46">Europe</placeName>, tapioca. On n'a pas pu décider le froment à s'acclimater ici.</p> <p>« Figurez-vous qu'hier, en promenade, nous avons traversé un bois d'orangers. Quelle merveille pour les yeux et l'odorat que tout cet or et ce parfum ! Chacun, après s'être désaltéré et rassasié d'oranges, en a rempli ses poches.</p> <p>« Mais quelque chose de plus singulier encore, c'est, au retour, le spectacle d'un légume trônant, sur la place, au milieu d'un étal de fruitière.</p> <p>« Celle-ci, une mulâtresse, coiffée d'un madras jaune, <pb type="page" n="481" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_481.jpg"/> se tenait derrière, avec un sourire de triomphe. Autour d'elle, un cercle de curieux en arrêt. Et quel était ce prodige, s'il vous plait ?</p> <p>« Eh bien ! c'était un chou cabus, et pas trop frais, ni trop beau. Nous regardions ce pauvre compatriote avec attendrissement. Il avait été cédé à la fruitière par le cuisinier d'un navire venu de <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName> ; elle nous le dit.</p> <p>« Puis des amateurs sont arrivés. Et comme il fallait contenter tout le monde, le cabus s'en est allé, feuille par feuille, à quatre, six, huit et même dix sous la feuille, selon la qualité. Elle en a retiré six francs. La rareté, c'est la cherté.</p> <p>« <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, ma mignonne, si vous ne trouvez pas à placer vos choux au marché de <placeName key="Saint-Quentin" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q182744">Saint-Quentin</placeName>, vous avez ici un superbe débouché. Il n'est qu'à quinze cents lieues ; mais nous avons bien fait ce bout de chemin !</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Quelle route suivirent <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName> et <persName type="fictif" key="sylvain">Sylvain</persName> pour se rendre de <placeName key="Cherbourg" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3667188">Cherbourg</placeName> à la <placeName key="Martinique" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17054">Martinique</placeName> ? </item> <item>— Où <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> trouva-t-elle le tracé de cette route ?</item> <item>— Que rappelle la date du 12 octobre 1492 ? </item> <item>— Que retrouvèrent-ils en débarquant ? </item> <item>— Racontez la rencontre que <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName> fit d'un nègre affranchi. </item> <item>— Quel est le costume du soldat aux colonies ? </item> <item>— Quelle règle d'hygiène lui est imposée en ce qui concerne les boissons ?</item> <item>— Quelle fut, au début, la plus grande souffrance des doux jeunes militaires ? </item> <item>— Quel régime de nourriture suit-on dans les climats tropicaux ? </item> <item>— De quelle matière est fait le pain ? </item> <item>— Racontez l'épisode du bois d'orangers.</item> <item>— Racontez encore comment un chou fut reçu, dépecé et acheté par les Européens sur le marché de <placeName key="Fort-de-France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q81621">Fort-de-France</placeName>.</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="géographie"> <head type="sujets">Géographie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Croquis de l' ; y figurer par une ligne pointée le voyage de <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName>.</item> <item>— Indiquer l'équateur, les tropiques, par de grosses lignes, — le 40° méridien à l'ouest de <placeName key="Paris" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q90">Paris</placeName> et le 20° paralièle nord.</item> <item>— Dessiner le groupe des <placeName key="Antilles" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q166131">Antilles</placeName>.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>(L'<placeName key="Atlantic Ocean" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q97">Atlantique</placeName> est compris entre le littoral de l'<placeName key="Europe" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q46">Europe</placeName> et de l'<placeName key="West Africa" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4412">Afrique occidentales</placeName> et celui de l'<placeName>Amérique orientale</placeName> ; on tracera ces limites. Le groupe des <placeName key="Antilles" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q166131">Antilles</placeName> fera l'objet d'une seconde carte ; il comprendra les grandes et les <placeName key="Lesser Antilles" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q93259">petites Antilles</placeName>, et l'on indiquera le littoral, dans tout le pourtour du grand golfe où émergent ces îles.)</p> </div> </div> <div type="composition"> <head type="sujets">Composition.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Récit de la découverte de l'<placeName key="Americas" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q828">Amérique</placeName>.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <note>(Voir page 294 de ce livre.)</note> </div> </div> <div type="industrie"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Dire ce qu'est un bateau, une chaloupe, un vaisseau.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>On appelle bateau une construction de bois creusée à l'intérieur, et à laquelle on donne une forme allongée en pointe à l'avant pour l'aider à mieux fendre l'eau. On fait avancer un bateau avec une perche là où le lit de la rivière a peu de profondeur, à la rame ou à la voile dans les autres cas.</p> <p>Une chaloupe est un fort bateau non ponté dont on se sert principa<pb type="page" n="482" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_482.jpg"/> lement dans les vorts et les rades ; on l'embarque aussi sur les navires pour le service des marins.</p> <p>Un vaisseau est un grand bateau ponté, c'est-à-dire recouvert d'une sorte de plancher sa partie supérieure ; il est construit de manière à pouvoir transporter des hommes et des marchandises sur mer et sur les grands fleuves. On donne le nom de vaisseau aux navires de guerre.</p> </div> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>DESCRIPTION D'UN VAISSEAU. </item> <item>— Parler de la coque, de la quille, de la cale, des ponts, des sabords, de la proue, de la poupe, du gouvernail, de l'ancre, des mâts, des vergues, des voiles. </item> <item>— Quels services rendent les navires de guerre (1) ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>La première chose que l'on remarque dans un vaisseau, est l'enveloppe extérieure, ou coque, faite de fortes planches de chne clouées sur des madriers fixés à la partie inférieure d'une longue pièce de bois connue sous le nom de quille. Il existe des vaisseaux dont la coque est en fer. On appelle cale l'espace réservé aux marchandises dans la partie intérieure du navire. Afin d'empêcher l'accès des vagues dans l'intérieur du bâtiment, on recouvre la coque d'un solide plancher, ou pont, au-dessous duquel d'autres ponts divisent le vaisseau en plusieurs étages. Pour la ventilation et pour donner accès à la lumière, on pratique sur le pourtour de petites ouvertures, les sabords, dont un certain nombre donnent passage à la gueule des canons. L'avant du navire, autrement dit, la proue, est tranchant ; l'arrière est arrondi : c'est la poupe, à laquelle le gouvernail est fixé ; le gouvernail est une pièce mobile de bois qui, selon la position qu'on lui donne, imprime au bâtiment telle ou telle direction. A la proue sont suspendues les ancres, énormes pièces de fer dont les branches recourbées et aigus se fixent au fond de la mer pour arrêter le vaisseau et le maintenir on un endroit donné. La balustrade qui entoure le pont est connue sous le nom de bastingages.</p> <p>Sur le pont, on remarque les mâts, longues pièces de bois ou de fer maintenues par de solides cordages et croisées par les vergues, barres transversales qui portent les voiles. Le mât du milieu est le grand mat ; celui qui est à l'avant est le mât de beaupré ; l'autre, le mât d'artimon.</p> <p>Actuellement, la plupart des vaisseaux de guerre sont pourvus d'une machine à vapeur faisant tourner une hélice, pièce de cuivre formée de quatre branches inclinées qui impriment au bâtiment une vitesse considérable, quelque chose comme 20 à 30 kilomètres à l'heure.</p> <p>Les vaisseaux de guerre défendent les côtes et les ports contre l'attaque des ennemis ; ils protègent sur mer les vaisseaux marchands et poursuivent les pirates.</p> </div> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>LA BOUSSOLE. </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que l'aimant ; — du fer aimante ? </item> <item>— Propriétés d'une aiguille aimantée librement suspendue.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'une boussole ? </item> <item>— Services qu'elle rend.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>L'aimant est un oxyde de fer qui jouit de la propriété d'attirer le fer et quelques autres métaux tels que le nickel, le cobalt et le chrome.</p> <p>Le fer aimanté ou plutôt l'acier aimanté est une barre ou une aiguille d'acier qui, par des frictions avec un aimant, en a acquis les propriêtés. Le fer aimanté de cette manière ne garde pas cette propriété.</p> <p>Une aiguille aimantée librement suspendue, à un fil, par exemple, ou posée sur un pivot autour duquel elle peut facilement tourner, se fixe, après une suite d'oscillations et de mouvements, dans la direction de la ligne du nord au sud.</p> <note cert="high" evaluate="all" place="top" type="footer" xml:space="default">(1) On donne le nom de navires aux vaisseaux affectés au transport des marchandises ; les paquebots sont ceux à qui l'on confie le service de la poste.</note> <pb type="page" n="483" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_483.jpg"/> <p>L'action directrice de la terre sur l'aiguille aimantée (dont la pointe se tourne vers le nord) a reçu une importante application dans la boussole marine. C'est une sorte de boite circulaire qui renferme une aiguille aimantée, posée sur un pivot. En la consultant, les marins reconnaissent immédiatement la direction du nord à toutes les heures et par tous les temps, ce qui leur permet de suivre sans erreur la route qui les doit mener à destination.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
135. — Affaires de cuisine et de famille. 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Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" 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Affaires de cuisine et de famille. </head> <div type="récit"> <p><persName type="fictif" key="madeleine">La Parisienne</persName> <eventName>manipula</eventName> les <objectName>œufs</objectName>, le<objectName> lait</objectName>, le <objectName>sucre</objectName> qui attendaient sur la<objectName> table</objectName>. Le <objectName>lait</objectName>, <objectName>sucré</objectName>, bouillit, se <eventName>mélangea</eventName> avec les <objectName>œufs battus</objectName>, le tout <objectName>aromatisé de vanille</objectName>, puis attendit. Une autre portion de <objectName>sucre</objectName> <eventName>cuisait</eventName>, et remplissait la maison d'une odeur particulière.</p> <p>— Ça <eventName>brûle</eventName> ! cria <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> qui entrait.</p> <p>— Ça ne <eventName>brûle</eventName> pas ! c'est le <objectName>caramel</objectName> !</p> <p>C'était le <objectName>caramel</objectName>, en effet. Il était là transparent, joliment vitrifié autour du <objectName>moule</objectName>.</p> <p>Un moment plus tard, la <objectName>crème</objectName> <eventName>se coagulait</eventName>*<note type="annotation"> Coaguler. Se dit d'un liquide épais qui prend de la consistance. </note> irréprochable, dans le<objectName> four du poêle</objectName>. Et, bientôt, une main légère et vive la <eventName>renversait</eventName> sur le<objectName> <objectName>plat</objectName></objectName>, tout d'une pièce, admirablement moulée, onctueuse, brune, caramélisée.</p> <p>—A toi, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ! A la <objectName>tarte</objectName> !</p> <p>Elle s'y mit.</p> <p>Ce fut d'abord un mélange assez confus des in-<pb type="page" n="474" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_474.jpg"/> grédients de la <objectName>pâte</objectName>, et au-dessus une paire de mains enfarinées qui <eventName>pétrissaient</eventName>, <eventName>allaient</eventName>, <eventName>voltigeaient</eventName>, <eventName>jouant</eventName> du <objectName>rouleau</objectName>, du <objectName>couteau</objectName> ; et ce fut ensuite une jolie <objectName>assiette de pâte</objectName> au triple bord gentiment tuyauté, et relevé encore d'un savant petit coup de <objectName>doroir</objectName>*<note type="annotation"> Doroir. Sorte de plume avec laquelle on dore les <objectName>pâtisseries</objectName>. </note>. Les <figure> <caption><objectName>Moules</objectName> à <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moules" xml:space="default">pâtisserie</objectName>. 1. <objectName>Moule</objectName> pour <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moules " xml:space="default">fromages</objectName> et <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moules " xml:space="default">crèmes</objectName> ; — 2. <objectName>Moule</objectName>, pour <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moule" xml:space="default">gâteau de riz</objectName> ; — 3. <objectName>Moule</objectName> pour <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moule" xml:space="default">gâteaux</objectName> divers ; — 4. <objectName>Mo<objectName/>ule</objectName> pour <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moule" xml:space="default">madeleines</objectName>; — 5. <objectName>Moule rond</objectName> pour <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moule" xml:space="default">pâ<objectName/>tés</objectName> ; — 6. <objectName>Moule ovale</objectName> pour <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moule ovale" xml:space="default">pâtés</objectName> ; — 7. <objectName>Moule</objectName> pour <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Moule" xml:space="default">biscuits</objectName> ; — 8. <objectName>Cercle</objectName> pour les <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="Cercle" xml:space="default">tartes</objectName> ; — 9. <objectName>Plaque</objectName> pour <eventName>mettre</eventName> au <objectName>four</objectName> les <objectName>galettes</objectName> et les <objectName>tartes</objectName>.</caption> </figure> <objectName>prunes de reine-Claude</objectName> préparées à l'avance, débarrassées de leurs <objectName>noyaux</objectName>, s'y rangèrent ; quelques bonnes pincées de<objectName> sucre en poudre</objectName> : — et preste au <objectName>four</objectName> vif !</p> <p>Quand elle en <eventName>sortit</eventName>, pour une <objectName>tarte</objectName> aux <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="tarte" xml:space="default">prunes</objectName>, c'était une <objectName>tarte</objectName> aux <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" key="tarte" xml:space="default">prunes</objectName> ! </p> <p>On la <eventName>posa</eventName> en face de la <objectName>crème renversée</objectName>. Les deux cordons bleus se regardèrent en souriant ; et se tournant ensemble du côté de la porte :</p> <p>— A table ! pour le prix ! crièrent-elles.</p> <p>Mais on ne vint pas. De l'autre côté de la porte, s'accomplissait aussi une importante affaire, entre <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> et le neveu <persName type="fictif" key="louis">Louis</persName> :</p> <p>— Vraiment ! tu veux l'emmener à <placeName>Paris</placeName>, le faire instruire dans la mécanique ?</p> <p>— Oui, mon oncle ; mieux vaut être un bon méca-<pb type="page" n="475" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_475.jpg"/> nicien qu'un mauvais laboureur. Vous traitez vos terres suivant leurs qualités ; il est bon aussi de traiter les esprits suivant leurs facultés. J'ai fait causer <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> ; ce n'est point un sot.</p> <p>— Parbleu, je le sais bien qu'il n'est point un sot !... Et <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> est de ton avis?</p> <p>— Oh ! il y a longtemps !</p> <p>— Voyez-vous ça !</p> <p>Visiblement, <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> achevait de se débattre, et quand <persName type="fictif" key="madeleine">Madeleine</persName> cria de nouveau : A table ! et que la porte s’ouvrit, il était complètement rendu.</p> <p>Un moment, en présence des deux<objectName> friandises</objectName>, la famille, avant de s'asseoir, tint conseil. <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> en fut. Il accepta la succession de <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName>, car celle de <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> ne comptait pas.</p> <p>— Eh bien, soit ! puisque tout le monde le veut, dit enfin le père.</p> <p>M. <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName>, qui, averti de la délibération, se tenait fort anxieux*<note type="annotation">Anxieux. Qui est en peine, embarrassé d’esprit. </note> au jardin, fut appelé. On l'informa de la décision. Tout ému de joie, il sauta successivement au cou de tout le monde.</p> <p>On se mit alors à table, où l'on prit une autre décision, également unanime, sur la question de la <objectName>crème renversée</objectName> et de la <objectName>tarte aux reines-Claude.</objectName></p> <p>Toutes deux <eventName>furent</eventName> couronnées ex æquo*<note type="annotation"> Ex æquo. A mérite égal. </note> — et achevées jusqu'à la dernière <objectName>miette</objectName>.</p> <p>Deux jours après, M. <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> bien chapitré, bien embrassé, partait pour la capitale avec <persName type="fictif" key="louis">Louis</persName> et <persName type="fictif" key="madeleine">Madeleine</persName>.</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Exposez la manière dont <persName type="fictif" key="madeleine">Madeleine</persName> <eventName>prépara</eventName> la <objectName>crème renversée.</objectName> </item> <item>— A quel moment <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> se mit-il à crier ?</item> <item>— Comment <eventName>acheva</eventName>-t-on la <objectName>crème</objectName> ?</item> <item>— Dites comment <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> s'y prit pour <eventName>confectionner</eventName> une <objectName>tarte aux prunes</objectName>.</item> <item>— Que <eventName>fit</eventName>-on quand la <objectName>tarte</objectName> <eventName>fut</eventName> cuite ? </item> <item>— Pourquoi ne vint-on pas à l'appel des deux cordons bleus ?</item> <item>— Racontez comment <persName type="fictif" key="louis">Louis</persName> décida son oncle à lui confier <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName>.</item> <item> — Quel conseil fut tenu avant de se mettre à table ? </item> <item>— Racontez le retour de <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> qui était resté au jardin. </item> <item>— Comment <eventName>apprécia</eventName>-t-on et <eventName>jugea</eventName>-t-on <objectName>crème</objectName> et <objectName>tarte</objectName> ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui se passa deux jours après ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="industrie"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Nommez des machines.</item> <item>— Indiquez quelques pièces qu'on rencontre dans presque toutes les machines ; — ce qui les met en mouvement quand elles sont très fortes.</item> <item>— Donnez la définition <pb type="page" n="476" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_476.jpg"/> d'une machine.</item> <item>— Services que rendent les machines. Exemples.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'un mécanicien ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Parmi les machines, on peut citer les horloges, les machines à coudre, les moulins, les locomotives, les pompes, les charrues, les grues, les lampes Carcel, etc. — Dans chacune d'elles, on rencontre des roues simples ou des roues dentées, des pièces qu'actionne la force motrice, des écrous, des boulons, des tiges métalliques.</p> <p>Lorsqu'il s'agit de mettre en mouvement des machines très puissantes, on a recours aux forces naturelles, telles que le vent, l'eau, la vapeur.</p> <p>Une machine est donc un ensemble de pièces fixes ou mobiles propre à faire mouvoir, à lever, à tirer, à traîner, à lancer quelque chose. Elle est mise en jeu par l'action directe de l'homme, d'un animal ou d'une force naturelle.</p> <p>On connaît les merveilleux effets de l'association des efforts vers un même but : c'est une force productive immense. En vain multiplierait-on cent fois par lui-même le travail d'un seul homme, il n'aura pas la centième partie de la puissance que possèdent les efforts combinés et simultanés de cent travailleurs tendant vers un même résultat. C'est ainsi que 10 ouvriers chargés chacun de l'une des opérations que nécessite la fabrication d'une épingle, en fabriquent 48,000 environ par jour, soit 4,800 par tête. S'ils avaient tous travaillé indépendamment les uns des autres, chacun n'eût certainement pas fabriqué vingt épingles.</p> <p>Les machines sont combinées de façon à réunir dans la main d'un seul travailleur les mille détails d'une fabrication qui, sans cela, en exigerait un grand nombre ; c'est ainsi que les machines exécutent en Angleterre le travail de douze cents millions d'hommes. Par elles, le travail de l'ouvrier est plus facile, moins fatigant et plus productif. On leur doit encore l'avantage précieux d'abaisser le prix des produits et de les mettre à la portée des consommateurs les moins aisés, Ainsi, par exemple, une Bible qui coûtait, avant l'invention de l'imprimerie, une somme correspondant à 3,200 francs de notre monnaie, peut être acquise aujourd'hui pour 4 à 5 francs.</p> <p>Un mécanicien est celui qui invente, construit ou dirige des machines.</p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="économie_domestique" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujeco_135"> <head type="sujets">Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Exposez comment on <eventName>bat</eventName> les <objectName>œufs</objectName>, — comment on <eventName>prépare</eventName> du <objectName>caramel</objectName>.</item> <item>— Usages du <objectName>caramel</objectName>.</item> </list> <list> <item>— Comment <eventName>feriez</eventName>-vous un <objectName>gâteau</objectName> simple, une <objectName>brioche</objectName>, une <objectName>tarte aux pommes</objectName> ou aux <objectName>confitures</objectName>, un <objectName>gâteau de Savoie</objectName> ? </item> <item>— Parlez des <objectName>moules à pâtisserie.</objectName></item> <item>— Donnez une idée de la confection d'un <objectName>pâté</objectName>.</item> <item>— Citez quelques villes dont les <objectName>pâtés</objectName> jouissent d'une certaine renommée.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Pour <eventName>battre</eventName> les <objectName>œufs</objectName>, en vue de faire, par exemple, des <objectName>œufs à la neige</objectName>, on <eventName>prend</eventName> des <objectName>œufs</objectName> que l'on <eventName>casse</eventName> en deux au-dessus d'un <objectName>plat creux</objectName> assez profond ; on <eventName>verse</eventName> les <objectName>blancs</objectName> dans ce <objectName>plat</objectName> en <eventName>transvasant</eventName> le <objectName>blanc</objectName> et le <objectName>jaune</objectName> successivement d'une <objectName>coquille</objectName> dans l'autre ; ensuite on <eventName>fouette</eventName> avec une <objectName>fourchette</objectName> dans un lieu frais.</p> <p>On entend par <objectName>caramel du sucre </objectName>qu'on a <eventName>fait fondre</eventName> sur le <objectName>feu</objectName> et même un peu <eventName>brûler</eventName>. Pour <eventName>préparer</eventName> du <objectName>caramel</objectName>, on <eventName>met</eventName> dans un <objectName>poêlon</objectName> 200 grammes de <objectName>sucre</objectName>, par exemple, et un <objectName>verre d'eau</objectName> ordinaire ; on <eventName>active</eventName> le <objectName>feu</objectName> de manière à <eventName>obtenir</eventName> une ébullition rapide. Bientôt le <objectName>caramel</objectName> <eventName>se forme</eventName>, et le liquide <eventName>prend</eventName> d'abord une teinte blonde qui <eventName>tourne</eventName> au brun. <eventName>Retirez</eventName> alors du <objectName>feu</objectName>, <eventName>versez</eventName> un <objectName>verre d’eau froide</objectName>, et <eventName>remettez</eventName> le tout sur le <objectName>feu</objectName> afin que la fusion <eventName>s'achève</eventName>.</p> <p>Le<objectName> caramel</objectName> sert à <eventName>colorer</eventName> le <objectName>bouillon du pot-au-feu</objectName>, à <eventName>dorer</eventName> certains <objectName>gâteaux</objectName>, la <objectName>crème renversée</objectName>, entre autres. </p> <pb type="page" n="477" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_477.jpg"/> <p><objectName>GATEAU SIMPLE</objectName> OU <objectName>GALETTE DE MÉNAGE</objectName>. —<eventName>Disposez</eventName> sur une <objectName>table</objectName> ou sur une de ces <objectName>planchettes rondes </objectName>préparées à cet effet, 500 grammes de <objectName>farine</objectName> très fine ; <eventName>mettez</eventName> dans un trou fait au milieu 300 grammes de <objectName>beurre </objectName>et 10 de <objectName>sel</objectName>. <eventName>Pétrissez</eventName> avec un <objectName>verre d'eau</objectName>, et pendant le cours de l'opération <eventName>versez</eventName> par portions un autre <objectName>verre</objectName>. <eventName>Fraisez</eventName> une fois la <objectName>pâte</objectName> ; au bout d'une heure, pendant laquelle on a <eventName>laissé</eventName> cette <objectName>pâte</objectName> au frais, <eventName>formez</eventName> et <eventName>dorez</eventName> la <objectName>galette</objectName> ; <eventName>faites</eventName> le dessin avec une pointe mousse de <objectName>couteau</objectName>, et <eventName>mettez</eventName> au <objectName>four</objectName> pendant une demi-heure.</p> <p><objectName>BRIOCHE</objectName>. — On <eventName>prépare</eventName> d'abord le <objectName>levain</objectName>, puis la <objectName>pâte</objectName>. Pour le <objectName>levain</objectName>, <eventName>mettre</eventName> dans une<objectName> assiette</objectName> 125 grammes de <objectName>fleur de farine</objectName>, 12 grammes de <objectName>levure</objectName> de <objectName>bière</objectName> ou 25 de <objectName>levain de pain</objectName>, et un <objectName>demi-verre d'eau tiède</objectName> ; <eventName>délayer</eventName> de manière à <eventName>obtenir</eventName> une <objectName>pâte molle</objectName> ; <eventName>couvrir</eventName> le tout d'une <objectName>assiette</objectName> et <eventName>déposer</eventName> dans un lieu chaud sous une <objectName>couverture</objectName>.</p> <p>Pour la <objectName>pâte</objectName>, <eventName>mettre</eventName> sur la <objectName>table</objectName> 300 grammes de <objectName>farine</objectName> et <eventName>placer</eventName>, dans un trou fait au milieu, un égal poids de <objectName>beurre</objectName>, 8 grammes de <objectName>sel</objectName>, un <objectName>demi-verre</objectName> de <objectName>lait </objectName>ou de<objectName> crème</objectName>, 9 <objectName>œufs</objectName> entiers. <eventName>Délayer</eventName> et <eventName>faire entrer</eventName> peu à peu la <objectName>farine</objectName> ; <eventName>pétrir</eventName> la <objectName>pâte</objectName> en <eventName>foulant</eventName> à plusieurs reprises avec la paume de la main ; <eventName>incorporer</eventName> le <objectName>levain</objectName> sans trop fatiguer la <objectName>pâte</objectName> ; <eventName>fariner</eventName> un <objectName>linge blanc</objectName> dont on <eventName>couvre</eventName> une <objectName>sébile</objectName>, une <objectName>terrine</objectName> ou une <objectName>corbeille à pain</objectName>. Y <eventName>placer</eventName> la <objectName>pâte</objectName> recouverte du <objectName>linge</objectName> et <eventName>laisser reposer</eventName> pendant 12 heures dans un lieu chaud à 15°. </p> <p>Au bout de ce temps, <eventName>aplatir</eventName> la <objectName>pâte</objectName>, en <eventName>replier</eventName> cinq ou six fois les bords vers le centre, et la <eventName>laisser reposer</eventName> encore 3 ou 4 heures, recouverte d'un <objectName>linge</objectName>. <eventName>Aplatir</eventName> encore deux fois, et <eventName>replier</eventName> les bords vers le centre sans la <eventName>fouler</eventName> ; <eventName>faire</eventName> alors une boule ; <eventName>donner</eventName> la forme ; <eventName>poser</eventName> la tête du morceau en le <eventName>collant</eventName> avec de l'<objectName>eau</objectName> ; <eventName>mettre</eventName> la <objectName>brioche</objectName> sur une <objectName>plaque de tôle</objectName> un peu beurrée, <eventName>dorer</eventName> et <eventName>enfourner</eventName> de suite à une bonne chaleur. Il faut environ une demi-heure de cuisson.</p> <p><objectName>TARTE AUX POMMES</objectName> OU AUX <objectName>CONFITURES</objectName>. — <eventName>Faites</eventName> de la <objectName>pâte brisée </objectName>; <eventName>étendez</eventName>-la mince et la <eventName>placez</eventName> sur une<objectName> tourtière plate</objectName> qui sera beurrée pour que rien ne s'y <eventName>attache</eventName>. <eventName>Coupez</eventName> la <objectName>pâte</objectName> qui <eventName>dépasse</eventName>. <eventName>Façonnez</eventName> le bord avec la pince et <eventName>dorez</eventName>-le.</p> <p><eventName>Faites cuire</eventName> la <objectName>pâte</objectName> à <objectName>four gai</objectName> après <eventName>avoir placé</eventName> contre les bords de la <objectName>tarte</objectName>, pour les <eventName>soutenir</eventName>, de la <objectName>farine,</objectName> du<objectName> papier</objectName> ou du <objectName>carton</objectName>. <eventName>Piquez</eventName> le fond afin d'<eventName>éviter</eventName> au <objectName>four</objectName> le soulèvement de la <objectName>pâte</objectName>.</p> <p><eventName>Placez</eventName> alors sur la <objectName>pâte cuite</objectName> les <objectName>fruits</objectName> dont on <eventName>aura enlevé</eventName> les noyaux et les queues. <eventName>Garnissez</eventName> votre<objectName> tarte </objectName>et <eventName>remettez</eventName>-la au <objectName>four</objectName>. Cette cuisson préalable de la <objectName>pâte</objectName> la <eventName>rend</eventName> plus croustillante que lorsqu'on <eventName>fait cuire</eventName> le tout ensemble. Cependant on <eventName>fait</eventName> aussi ces <objectName>tartes</objectName> en <eventName>mettant cuire</eventName> en même temps la <objectName>pâte</objectName> avec les <objectName>fruits</objectName> arrangés et bien serrés dessus.</p> <p>Dans les <objectName>tartes</objectName> aux <objectName>confitures</objectName>, on <eventName>remplace</eventName> les<objectName> fruits</objectName> par des <objectName>confitures</objectName>.</p> <p><objectName>GATEAU </objectName>OU <objectName>BISCUIT DE SAVOIE</objectName>. — <eventName>Séparez</eventName> avec beaucoup de soin les <objectName>jaunes</objectName> de cinq <objectName>œufs ;</objectName> <eventName>mettez</eventName>-les dans une<objectName> terrine</objectName> avec 250 grammes de <objectName>sucre</objectName> et le<objectName> zeste d'un citron râpé</objectName> sur le <objectName>sucre</objectName> avant de le <eventName>réduire</eventName> en <objectName>poudre</objectName> ; <eventName>battez</eventName> le tout. <eventName>Ajoutez</eventName> 125 grammes de <objectName>farine séchée au four</objectName> et passée au tamis pour <eventName>éviter</eventName> les <objectName>grumeaux</objectName>, de la <objectName>fleur d'oranger pralinée, hachée fin</objectName>, en <eventName>battant</eventName> encore le tout. <eventName>Faites</eventName> ce <objectName>mélange</objectName> légèrement pour ne pas <eventName>donner</eventName> trop de corps à la <objectName>pâte</objectName>, ce qui l'<eventName>empécherait</eventName> de <eventName>faire</eventName> son effet au <objectName>four</objectName>.</p> <p><eventName>Fouettez</eventName> dans une autre terrine les <objectName>blancs</objectName> de telle manière qu'ils <eventName>soient</eventName> durs au point de <eventName>supporter</eventName> une pièce de deux francs ; <eventName>mêlez</eventName> ces <objectName>blancs</objectName> avec les <objectName>jaunes</objectName> peu à peu au moyen de la cuiller, et en <eventName>soulevant</eventName> la <objectName>pâte</objectName> sans la <eventName>battre</eventName>. </p> <pb type="page" n="478" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_478.jpg"/> <p>Vous <eventName>avez</eventName> à l'avance <eventName>beurré </eventName>un<objectName> moule</objectName> ou une <objectName>casserole</objectName> et <eventName>saupoudré</eventName> ce <objectName>beurre de sucre</objectName> ; <eventName>mettez</eventName>-y votre <objectName>pâte</objectName>, en <eventName>prenant</eventName> soin qu'elle ne <eventName>remplisse</eventName> que la moitié du <objectName>moule</objectName>. <eventName>Placez</eventName> celui-ci sur un <objectName>feu doux de cendres</objectName>, avec<objectName> feu plus vif </objectName>sur le <objectName>couvercle</objectName> et sous le <objectName>four de campagne</objectName>. Au bout d'une heure, le <objectName>gâteau</objectName> est parfaitement cuit. <eventName>Démoulez</eventName>-le presque froid.</p> <p><objectName>MOULES</objectName>. — On appelle <objectName>moule</objectName> un <objectName>objet creux taillé</objectName> et façonné de telle sorte que la <objectName>matière molle</objectName> ou détrempée qu'on y <eventName>introduit</eventName> <eventName>reçoit</eventName> une forme déterminée. Les <objectName>moules à pâtisserie</objectName> sont ordinairement en fer-blanc.</p> <p><objectName>PATÉ DE CAMPAGNE</objectName>. — <eventName>Hachez</eventName> 500 grammes de <objectName>veau</objectName> et 250 grammes de <objectName>chair à saucisses</objectName> et <eventName>assaisonnez</eventName> à volonté. <eventName>Placez</eventName> cette <objectName>farce</objectName> à froid sur une <objectName>abaisse de pâte</objectName> <eventName>faite</eventName> comme la <objectName>pâte brisée</objectName> pour <objectName>galettes</objectName> ; <eventName>posez</eventName> le tout sur une <objectName>plaque de four</objectName> de 0m,32. <eventName>Recouvrez</eventName> d'une pareille abaisse ; <eventName>dorez</eventName> et <eventName>faites cuire</eventName> trois quarts d'heure environ dans un <objectName>four</objectName> quelconque. Il faut un litre et demi de <objectName>farine</objectName>. (D'après <persName type="historique">Audot</persName>, <title>Cuisinière pratique</title>.)</p> <p>Les<objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" xml:space="default" key="pâtés de foies gras" type="pâté"> pâtés de foies gras de <placeName key="Strasbourg" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6602">Strasbourg</placeName>,</objectName> <objectName>ceux de canards d</objectName>'<placeName key="Amiens" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q41604">Amiens</placeName>, <objectName cert="high" evidence="internal" full="yes" instant="unknown" type="pâté" xml:space="default">ceux d'alouettes de <placeName key="Pithiviers" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q217159">Pithiviers</placeName>,</objectName> jouissent d'une grande réputation.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
