King Henry the eyghte.

H. the eight. NOwe after the death of this noble Prince Henrie the ſeuenth,1509.
An. Reg. 1. his ſonne Henrie the viij. began his raigne the .xxij. day of April in the yeare of the worlde .5475. after y^e byrth of our ſauioure 1509. and in the xviij. yere of his age, in the .xvj. yeare of Maximilian then being Emperour, in the .xj. yeare of Lewes the .xij. that then raigned in Fraunce, and in the .xx. of king Iames the fourth as then [...]ſing ouer the Scottes. Whoſe ſtyle was proclaymed by the blaſſe of a trumpet in the Citie of London,Henry the eight proclamed king the xxiij. daye of the ſayde Moneth, with muche gladneſſe and reioyſing of the people.

And the ſame day he departed from his manour of Richmonde, to the Tower of London, where he remained cloſely and ſecretely wyth hys Counſayle, till the funeralles of his father were finiſhed.

Polidor.Although this king nowe comming to the Crowne was but yong (as before is ſayde) yet hauing beene in his firſte yeres trained vp in lerning dyd for reſpect of hys owne ſuretye and good gouernement of his people, prudently by aduice of his graundmother, the Counteſſe of Richmonde and Darbie, elect and chooſe forth diuers of the moſte wiſe and graue perſonages to bee of his priuie Counſayle, namely ſuch as he knewe to bee of his fathers right deare and famyliar friendes, whoſe names were as followeth. William Warham Archebiſhop of Canterburie and Chauncellour of Englande,Counſailers to king Henry the eight. Richard Foxe Biſhop of Wincheſter, Thomas Howarde Earle of Surrey, and Treaſorer of Englande, George Talbot Earle of Shreweſburie, and Lorde ſteward of the kings houſeholde, Charles Somerſet Lorde Chamberlaine, Sir Thomas Louell, ſir Henrie W[...]at, doctor Thomas Ruthall, ſir Edward Poynings. Theſe graue & wiſe counſailors, fearing leaſt ſuch aboundance of riches and wealth as the king was nowe poſſeſſed of, might moue his yong yeres vnto riottous forgetting of himſelfe, for vnto no King at any time before was [...] greater or the [...]e [...]iches, as well in readie come, as in [...]wels and other moueable [...] as [...] to him by his father. And therefore hys ſaide counſaylers trauayled in ſuch prudent [...]with him, that they got him to bee preſent with them [...] they ſa[...]e in counſaile, ſo to [...]ynt hym with matters pertaining to the politike gouernement of the Realme, that by little and little then might applie himſelfe to take [...] him the [...] and adminiſtration of publike affayres, with the whiche at the firſt he coulde not w[...] endure to be muche troubled, being rather inclined to [...] ſuche pleaſaunt paſtimes as his youthfull [...] yeares did more delight in, [...]d therefore [...] verie wel conten[...], that other gr[...] [...] ſhould take paines therein.

The ſame day alſo that the king came to the Tower, the Lorde Henrie Suf[...] brother to the Duke of Buckingham was arreſted, and admitted to the Tower and [...] day alſo d[...]ctor Rutha[...] was named [...] of [...].

The xxv[...] day of Aprill was [...] the kings grace [...] all the [...] by his father, and alſo pardoned at ſuche perſons as were then, infu[...]te for any offence, whatſoeuer it was, treaſon, [...]ther, and fellonie [...] excepted.

And nowe wheras the perfourmance of the deceaſſed kings will was thoughte right expedient with a[...] ſpeede to be perfourmed,A pro[...] a Proclamation was alſo [...] and publiſhed throughe the Realme, that if any man coul[...]e proue himſelf to he [...]t, and depriued of his goods wrongfully by the Commiſſioners of the forfeytures, he ſhoulde come and preſent his plaint to the king, being redie to ſatiſfie euerie one of all iniuries ſuſtained.

After this Proclamation was notified abrode, all ſuche as had beene conſtrained eyther by right or wrong (as Polidor ſayth) to pay any thing for anye forfeytures of lawes and cuſtomes by them tranſgreſſed, came flocking to the Court, & there declared their griefs, in what ſort they had wrōgfully bin compelled (as they [...]urmiled) to pay this or that ſumme. The counſaile heard euery mans complaint, & ſuche as were founde to haue paide any thing without plaine proof of iuſticau[...], they tooke ſuch order for them that they had ther money again. Which being once knowen, it was a ſtrange thing to ſee how thick other came in yea euen thoſe that had bin worthily fined & puniſhed for their diſorderly tranſgreſſions, making er[...]eſt ſuit for reſtitutiō, feining, & forging many things to make their cauſe ſeme good, and to ſtand with equitie: and the better to be hearde in their ſuyte, they made friends as wel with brybes and large giftes as otherwiſe, leauing no wayes vnaſſayed to compaſſe their deſires, whiche greedineſſe in ſuch multitude of futers, brought the commiſſioners, and other that had delt in the forfeytures into daunger, and did themſelues no good: for the counſell perceyuing that it was not poſſible to ſatiſfie them all, refuſed to heare anye further complayntes or ſuites for reſtitution, but thought it beſt to committe thoſe to priſon, by whom the compleynantes pretēded themſelues to haue bin wrōged, & herevpon was ſir Rich. Empſon knight,Empſon and [...]ey committed to the [...]. and Edmonde Dudley Eſquier, great counſelloures to the late Kyng attached, and broughte to the Tower, thereby to quiet mens myndes, that made ſuche importunate ſuite to haue their money agayne reſtored, whiche in the late Kynges dayes they hadde beene compelled to diſburſe, through the rigorous proceedings, as they alledged, of the ſayd two counſellours, and others.

Truely greate exclamation was made agaynſt them, as it often happeneth, that where anye thyng is doone contrarye to the lykyng of y^e people, thoſe that be dealers vnder the Prince, & by hys commaundemente proceede in the execution thereof, runne in hatred of the multitude.

But howe ſo euer it was, theyr apprehenſion and committyng to priſon, was thoughte by the wyſe to bee procured by the malice of them that in the late Kynges dayes, were offended with theyr authoritie.

Shortely after, as Edwarde Halle ſayeth) were apprehended dyuers other perſones, that wer called promoters, as Canby, Page, Smith, Derbye,Promoters periſhed. Wrighte, Symſon, and Stocton, of the whyche, the more parte ware papers, and ſtoode on the Pillorie.

When all things were prepared ready for the funeralles of the late Kyng, his corps with all ſumptuous pompe and ſolemne Ceremonyes, was conueyed from Richmont to Saint Georges fielde, where the Clergie of the Citie mette it, and at the Bridge the Mayre and hys brethren wyth many Commoners all cloathed in blacke lykewyſe mette it, and gaue theyr attendaunce on the ſame thorough the Citie, to the Cathedrall Churche of Saincte Paule, where was ſong a ſolemne Dirige and Maſſe, and a Sermon made by the Biſhoppe of Rocheſter Iohn Fyſher.

The nexte daye the corps was had to Weſtminſter, and there the daye followyng, put into the earth wyth all due ſolemnities as apperteyned.

After that the funeralles of the ſayde la[...]e Kyng were once ended, great preparation was made for the Coronation of thys new King, whiche was appoynted on Midſomer daye next enſuyng: Duryng the tyme of whyche preparation, the Kyng was aduyſed by ſome of his counſell to take to wyfe the Ladye Katherine, late wyfe to hys brother Prince Arthur, leaſt ſhe hauing ſo greate a dowrie as was appoynted to hir, might marrye out of the realme, whiche ſhould be to his hinderaunce.

The Kyng beeyng hereto perſwaded,Lady Katherin Prince Arthure his widow, maried to his brother King Henry the eyght. eſpouſed the ſayd Ladye Catherine the thirde daye of Iune, the whyche maryage was diſpenſed with by Pope Iuly, at the ſuite of hir father, kyng Ferdinando.

On the eleuenth day of this moneth of Iune, the King came from Greenewiche to the Tower ouer London bridge, and ſo by Gracechurche, with whome came many a Gentleman rychely apparelled, but ſpecially the Duke of Buckingham, whiche had a gowne all of Goldeſmithes worke, very coſtly.

On Friday, the two and twentith daye of Iune, the Kyng with the Queene, being in the Tower of London, made foure and twentie knightes of the Bath. And the morrowe following, being Saterday the 24. of Iune, his grace with the Queene departed frō the Tower thorough London, the ſtreetes beeing hanged with tapeſtrie, & cloth of arras very richly. And a great parte of the South ſide of Cheape with clothe of gold, and ſo was ſome part of Cornehill. But to ſpeake of al y^e ſolemne ſhew ſet forth that daye, & how y^e crafts, Aldermen, and Lord Maior ſtoode in their appointed places, or of the rich & ſumptuous apparel, which not only y^e K. and Quene ware that day, but alſo other eſtates whiche dyd attēd their maieſties, it would aſke a long time, & yet I ſhoulde omit many things, & faile of the nūber. The trappers & rich furnitures of horſes, palfreys, & charets were wonderfull. Of cloth of tiſſew, golde, ſiluer, embroderies, & goldſmithes worke there was no want, beſide the great number of chaynes of gold & handerikes, both maſſy & greate, righte gorgeous to behold. And thus w^t great ioy and honor, they came to Weſtminſter.

The morrow following being Sunday, & alſo Midſomer day, that noble Prince, w^t his wife Q. Katherine, wente from the Palaice, to the Abbey of Weſtmin. where according to the ancient cuſtome,The coronation of Kyng Henry, and Q. Katherine. they were annointed & Crowned by the Archb. of Cant. with other Prelates of the Realm there preſent, & the nobilitie, and a greate multitude of the cōmons. After with the ſolemnity of y^e ſaid coronation according to the ſacred obſeruances vſed in that behalf ended, the Lords Spirituall and temporall, did to him homage,Homage done to the King as his coronatiō, by the lordes ſpirituall and temporall. and then he returned to Weſtminſter Hall with the Queene, where they dined, all the ſolemne cuſtomes and ſeruices being vſed & done, whiche in ſuch caſes apperteined, euery L. & other noble manne, according to their tenures before claymed, viewed, ſeene, and allowed, entring into their roomths and offices that day to execute the ſame accordingly. When the feaſt or diner was ended, and the tables auoyded, the King and the Quene went vnto their chambers. For the more enobling of this coronation, there was prepared both iuſtes and tourneys, whiche within the palaice of Weſtminſter were performed and done, with great triumph and royaltie.

The enterpriſers of which martiall feats, wer theſe perſons whoſe names enſue: Thomas Lord Howard, ſonne and heire apparant to the Erle of Surrey: ſir Edward Howard Admirall his brother: the Lorde Richarde Gray brother to the Marques Dorſet: ſir Edmunde Howarde: ſir Edmunde Kneuet: and Charles Brandon Eſquier.

And on the other ſide as defendauntes were theſe eight perſones. Sir Iohn Pechye, ſir Edwarde Neuill, ſir Edwarde Euilforde, ſir Iohn Carre, Sir Willyam Parre, Sir Giles Capell, Sir Griffeth Doun, and Syr Roulande. The King pardoned the Lorde Henrye brother to the Duke of Buckingham committed to the Tower (as yee haue heard) vppon ſuſpition of treaſon: But when nothyng coulde bee proued agaynſte hym, hee was ſette at libertie, and at the Parliament after created earle of Wilſhire.

Alſo this yeare the kyng ordeyned fifty Gentlemen to bee ſpeares, euerye of them to haue an Archer, a Demylaunce, and a Cuſtrell, and euerye ſpeare to haue three great horſes to be attendaunt on his perſon, of the whiche bende the earle of Eſſex was lieutenaunt, and Sir Iohn Pechy Capitaine. Thys ordynaunce continued but a while, the chardges was ſo greate, for there were none of them, but they and their horſes were apparayled and trapped in clothe of golde, ſiluer and Goldſmithes worke.

A great plague [...]o Calais.This yeare alſo was a greate peſtilence in the Towne of Calais, ſo that the King ſente one Syr Iohn Pechie wyth three hundreth men to tarrye there vppon the defence of that Towne til the ſickeneſſe was ceaſſed.

Furthermore,A parliament. this yeare the King ſommoned his Parliament in the Monethe of Nouember, to begin in the Monethe of Ianuarye nexte [...] ſyng. Wherof Sir Thomas Ingleflelde was choſen ſpeaker.

At this Parliament Syr Rycharde Empſon Knight,Empſon and Dudley attainted of treaſon. and Edmond Dudly eſquier late counſellours to Kyng Henrye the ſeuenthe were atteynted of highe treaſon.

They were chardged with many offences cō mitted in the late kings dayes, as partely beefore you haue hearde, and being broughte before the counſell,Polidor. as they were graue and wiſe perſonages, and bothe of them learned and ſkilfull in the lawes of this realm, they alledged for themſelues right conſtantlye in their owne defences muche good & ſufficient matter, in ſo muche that Empſon being the elder in yeres, had theſe words: I know (right honorable) that it is not vnknowne to you, how profitable and neceſſarie lawes are for the good preſeruation of mans lyfe, withoute the which neither houſe, town, nor citie can long continue or ſtand in ſafetie, which lawes herein Englande thorough negligence of magiſtrates were partly decayed, and partely quite forgotten and worne out of vſe, the miſchief wherof dayly increaſing, Henry the .vij. a moſt graue and prodent Prince, wiſhed to ſuppreſſe, & therfore appointed vs to ſee that ſuche lawes as were yet in vſe might continue in three ful force, and ſuch as were out of vſe might againe be reuiued and reſtored to their former ſtate, and that alſo thoſe perſons which tranſgreſſed the ſame, mighte bee puniſhed according to theyr demerites, wherein we diſcharged oure dueties in moſte faythfull wyfe, and beſte manner we coulde, to the greate aduauntage and cōmoditie no doubt of y^e whole common wealthe: wherefore wee moſt humbly beſiech you in reſpect of your honours, courteſie, goodneſſe, humanitie, and iuſtice, not to decree any greeuous ſentence againſt vs, as though wee were worthy of puniſhmente, but rather to appoint how w^t thankefull recompence our paines and trauaile may be worthily conſidered. Many of the counſell thoughte that hee had ſpoken well, and ſo as ſtoode with greate reaſon, but yet the greater number ſuppoſing that the reuiuing of thoſe lawes had proceeded rather of a couetous meaning in the King and them, than of anye zeale of Iuſtice, and hauing alſo themſelues felte the ſmart lately before for their owne offences, and tranſgreſſions, hadde conceiued ſuch malice towardes the men, that they thoughte it reaſon, that ſuche as hadde bene dealers therein, were worthy to loſe their heads in like ſorte, as they had cauſed others to loſe their money. Heerevppon, their accuſers were maynteyned, and many odde matters narrowly ſought out againſt thē, as by two ſeuerall inditementes framed againſt Sir Richarde Empſon (the copies whereof, I haue ſeene) it may well appeare.

In the one hee is charged, that to winne the fauoure and credite of the late King, not waying hys honour, nor the proſperitie of him, or wealthe of his Realme, hee hadde in ſubuerſion of the lawes of the lande, procured dyuers perſons to be endited of diuers crimes and offences ſurmiſed agaynſte them, and therevpon to bee committed to priſon, without due proceſſe of lawe, and not ſuffered to come to theyr aunſweres, were kept in durance, till they had compounded for their fines, to their great importable loſſes, and vtter empoueriſhment.

Alſo diuers vntrue offices of intruſions and alienations, made by ſundrye the late Kyngs liege people, into manors, lands, and tenements were found, it being vntruely alledged, that they held the ſame of the Kyng in capite. And when ſuch perſons as were thus vexed, offered to trauerſe thoſe offices, they coulde not bee admitted thereto, in ſuche due and lawfull forme, as in ſuche cauſes the lawe prouideth, till they hadde compounded to paye greate fynes and raunſomes.

Moreouer, the kings Wardes, after they had accompliſhed their full age, could not be ſuffered to ſue theyr lyueries, tyll they hadde paide exceſſiue fynes and raunſomes, vnto their greate anoyance, loſſe, and diſquieting, and to no leſſe contempte of the ſayde late King.

And further, where as dyuers perſons had bin outlawed, as well as the ſuite of theyr aduerſaries, as of the ſayde late Kyng, they coulde not be allowed to purchaſe theyr charters of pardon out of the Chancery, according to the lawe of the Realme, till they were driuen to aunſwere halfe the iſſues and profites of all theyr landes and tenementes by the ſpace of two yeares, whiche the Kyng receyued to hys vſe, by the ſayde Richarde Empſons procuremente, who enformed hym that hee myghte lawfully take the ſame, although hee knewe that it was contrarie to the lawes and cuſtomes of the Realme: wherevppon, the people vexed and moleſted by ſuche hard dealings, ſore grudged agaynſte the ſayde late Kyng, to the greate perill and daunger of hys perſon and Realme, and ſubuerſion of the lawes, and auntiente cuſtomes thereof.

Alſo, it was alledged againſte the ſaid Empſon, that he hadde ſente forth preceptes directed vnto dyuers perſons, commaundyng them vppon greate penalties, to appeare before him, and other hys aſſociates, at certayn dayes and times within hys houſe in Sainte Brydes Pariſhe, in a warde of London, called Farringdon without, where they makyng theyr appearances, accordyng to the ſame preceptes, were impleaded afore hym and other his ſayde aſſociates, of dyuers murthers, felonies, outlaries, and of the articles in the ſtatute of prouiſors conteyned, alſo of wilfull eſcapes of Felons, and ſuch like matters and articles apperteyning to the plees of the Crowne, and common lawes of the Realme. And that done, the ſayde perſons were committed to dyuers priſons, as the Fleete, the Tower, and other places, where they were deteyned, tyll they hadde fined at hys pleaſure, as well for the commoditie of the ſayde late Kyng, as for the ſingular aduauntage of the ſayde Sir Richarde Empſon.

Moreouer, whereas the ſayde Empſon, beeing Recorder of Couentrie, and there ſate with the Maior and other Iuſtices of the peace, vppon a ſpeciall gaole delyuerie within y^e Citie, on the Monday before the feaſt of S. Thomas the Apoſtle, in the ſixteenth yeare of the late kyngs raigne, a priſoner that hadde beene endited of felonie, for takyng out of an houſe in that Citie, certayne goodes, to the value of twentie ſhillings, was arraigned before them, and bycauſe the Iurie would not finde the ſayde priſoner giltie, for wante of ſufficient euidence, as they after alledged, the ſayde Sir Richarde Empſon ſuppoſing the ſame euidence to be ſufficient, cauſed them to be committed toward, wherein they remayned foure dayes togyther, till they were contented to enter band in fortie pound a peece, to appeare before the Kyng and hys Counſell, the ſecond returne of the tearme then nexte enſuing, being Quindena Hillarij, and therevppon, they keeping their day, and appearing before the ſaid ſir Richard Empſon, and other of the kings counſell, according to their bandes, were adiudged to pay euery of them eyght pound for a fyne, and accordingly made payment thereof, as they were then thought well worthy ſo to do. But nowe this matter ſo long paſt, was ſtill kepte in memorie, and ſo earneſt ſome were to enforce it to the vttermoſt againſt the ſayd Empſon, that in a Seſſions holden at Couentrie nowe in thys firſt yere of this kings raigne, an inditemēt was framed againſt him for this matter, and thereof he was found giltie, as if therein he had committed ſome great and heynous offence againſte the Kings peace, his Crowne and dignitie.

Thus haue I thought good to ſhew what I find hereof, to the end ye may perceiue how glad men were to find ſome coulour of ſufficiēt matter, to bring the ſaid ſir Richard Empſon, & maſter Edmonde Dudley, within daunger of the lawes, whereby at lengthe, they were not onely condemned by acte of Parliament, through malice of ſuch as might ſeeme to ſeeke their deſtruction for priuate grudges, but in the end alſo, they were arreigned, as firſt the ſaid Edmond Dudley in the Guild Hall of London, the ſeuententh of Iuly, and ſir Richarde Empſon at Northāpton, in October nexte enſuing, and beeing there condemned, was from thence broughte backe againe to the Tower of London, where hee remained till the time of his execution, as after yee ſhall heare.

This yeare, the plague was greate, and raigned in diuers parts of this Realme.

1510The King kepte hys Chriſtmas at Richemond.

The twelfth of Ianuary, dyuers Gentlemen prepared to iuſt, and the Kyng and one of hys priuie chamber, called William Compton, ſecretely armed themſelues in the little Parke of Richmond, and ſo came into the iuſtes, vnknowen to all perſons.

The Kyng neuer ranne openly before, and did exceedinglye well.

Maſter Compton chanced to be ſore hurt by Edward Neuill Eſquier, brother to the Lord of Burgeinie, ſo that he was lyke to haue dyed.

One perſon there was that knew the Kyng, and cryed God ſaue the Kyng, and with that, all the people were aſtonyed, and then the Kyng diſcouered hymſelfe, to the great comfort of the people.

The Kyng ſoone after came to Weſtminſter, and there kepte his Shrouetide with greate banquettings, dauncings, and other iolly paſtimes.

Ambaſſadors.This yeare alſo came Ambaſſadors, not only from the Kyng of Arragon and Caſtile, but alſo from the Kynges of Fraunce, Denmarke, Scotlande, and other princes, whych were highly welcomed, and nobly enterteyned.

Thys yeare,An. reg. 2. the Kyng celebratyng the feaſt of Pentecoſt at Greenewiche, the Thurſeday in that weeke, with two other, whome hee choſe of purpoſe to aſſiſt hym as aydes, chalenged all commers, to fyghte with them at the barriers, with target, and punching ſtaffe of eyghte foote long, and that done, to fyghte eache of them twelue ſtrokes with two handed ſwordes, with and againſt all commers, none except, beeyng a Gentleman, where the Kyng behaued hymſelfe ſo well, and deliuered hymſelfe ſo valiauntlye, that through hys manly prowes and greate ſtrengthe, the lande and prayſe of that martiall paſtime was gyuen to hym and his aydes, notwithſtandyng that dyuers valiante and ſtrong perſonages had aſſayled them.

In this ſeconde yeare, the Kyng beeing forth on his progreſſe, hearde euerye daye more and more complayntes of Empſon and Dudley (ſet forthe and aduaunced no doubte by the drifte of theyr deadly enimies) wherefore,The ſeuenth day hath Ioh[...] Stowe. Empſon and Dudley beheaded. he ſent writtes to the Sheriffes of London, to putte them to execution, and ſo the ſeauententh daye of Auguſt, they were both beheaded at the Tower hil, and both theyr bodyes and heads buryed, y^e one at the white Friers, and the other at the blacke Friers.

The Kyng beeyng in hys luſtie youthe, and muche deſirous to ſee the nobles and Gentlemen of hys Courte exerciſed in warlyke feates, cauſed thys yeare dyuers iuſtes and Torneys to be enterpriſed, and he himſelfe for the moſt part made euer one amongſt them, acquiting himſelfe ſo worthely, that the beholders tooke paſſing pleaſure to ſee hys valiaunte demeanoure in thoſe martiall feates.

Vpon New yeares day, thys yeare,1511
The birth of the firſt begotten ſonne of K. Henry the eyght. at Richmonde, the Queene was deliuered of a Prince, to the great gladneſſe of the Realme, for the honoure of whome, fyers were made, and dyuers veſſels with wyne ſette abroache, for ſuche as woulde take thereof, in dyuers ſtreetes in London, and generall Proceſſions made therevpon to lande God.

Godfathers at the Chriſtenyng, were the Archebyſhoppe of Caunterburye, and the Earle of Surrey: Godmother, the Lady Katherine, Counteſſe of Deuonſhire, daughter to Kyng Edwarde the fourth, his name was Henry.

In the moneth of Februarye thys yeare,Ambaſſadors from the king of Spayne, for aid againſt the Moores. came Ambaſſadors from the Kyng of Arragon and Caſtile, to require an ayde of fifteene hundred archers, to be ſent to the ſame king, hauing at that time warre agaynſte the Moores, enimies of the Chriſtian faith.

The Kyng hearing theyr meſſage, gently graunted theyr requeſt and bicauſe the Lord Thomas Darcy, a Knighte of the garter, made humble ſuite to the King to be generall of that true, that ſhoulde bee thus ſent into Spayne, the Kyng vppon truſt of his approued valiancie, graunted his deſire.

There were appoynted to goe with him the Lorde Anthony Grey, brother to the Marques Dorſet, Henry Guilford, Weſton Browne, and William Sidney Eſquiers of the Kings houſe, Sir Roberte Conſtable, Sir Roger Haſtings, and ſir Raufe Elderton, w^t diuers other gentlemen to be Captaynes.

The King aboute thys ſeaſon was muche giuen to play at tenice, and at the dice, which appetite, certayne craftie perſons aboute hym perceyuing, brought in Frenchmen and Lombards to make wagers with him, and ſo hee loſt muche money, but when hee perceyued theyr crafte, hee eſchued their company, and let them go[...]

An. reg. 3. [...] at Grene [...], the king [...]g [...]e [...]ge[...].On May daye, the Kyng lying at Greenewiche, rode to the wodde to fetch May, and after on the ſame day, and the two dayes nexte enſuing, the King, Sir Edwarde Howard, Charles Brandon, and Edwarde Neuill as chalengers, held iuſtes againſt all commons.

On the other parte, the Marques Dorſet, the Earles of Eſſex and Deuonſhire, with other as defendauntes, ranne agaynſte them, ſo that many a ſore ſtripe was giuen, and manye a ſtaffe broken.

On the third day, the Queene made a greate banquet to the Kyng, and to all them that had iuſted, and after the banquet done, ſhee gaue the chiefe price to the Kyng, the ſecond to the Earle of Eſſex, the thirde to the Earle of Deuonſhire, and the fourth, to the Lord Marques Dorſet.

On the fifteenth daye of the ſame moneth, was another iuſtes begonne by the Kyng on the one partie, and the Earle of Eſſer on the other. Many that feared leaſt ſome euill chance might happen to the King, wiſhed that hee ſhoulde rather haue beene a looker on, than a doer, and thereof ſpake as much as they durſt, but his courage was ſo noble, that hee woulde euer be at the one ende.

The Lorde [...]y.In this meane time, the Lord Darcy, and other appoynted to the viage agaynſt the Mores, made ſuche diligence, that they and al theyr people were ready at Plymmouth by the middes of May, and there muſtered theyr ſouldyers before the Lord Brooke, and other the Kings commiſſioners.

The Lord Darcy as Captayne general, ordeyned for his prouoſt Marſhall, Henry Guylford Eſquier, a luſty yong man, and welbeloued of the King.

On the Monday in the Rogation weeke they departed out of Plimmouth Hauen with foure ſhippes royall, and the winde, was ſo fauourable to them, that the firſt day of Iune being the euen of the feaſt of Pent[...]coſt, he deriued at the port of Cales in South Spayne, and immediately, by the aduice of his counſaile, hee diſpatched meſſengers to the Kyng, whome they founde beſyde the Citie of Ciuil, where hee then lay, and declared to him, how the Lord Da[...]ye by the King theyr maiſters oppoyntmente, was come thither with ſixteene hundred archers, and lay ſtill at C[...]es to know his pleaſure.

The Kyng of Caſtile aunſwered them gentlie, that the Lorde Darcie, and all other that were come from hys louyng ſonne, were welcome, and hartily thanked them of theyr pa[...] requiring the meſſengers to returne to their captaine, and tell him that in all haſt he would ſend certaine of hys counſell to him. And ſo vpon Saterday the eyght of Iune, a Byſhop and other of the Kings counſell came [...] Cales, and there abode till Wedneſday, beeing the euen of Corpus Chriſtt, at which day, the Lord Capitayne tooke lande, and was honorably receiued of the King of Aragons counſell, and on the morrow, was highly feaſted at dinner and ſupper. And at after ſapper, the Byſhop declared the Kyng hys maiſters pleaſure, giuing to the Lord Captayne as hartie thankes for hys paynes and trauell, as if hee hadde gone forward with his enterpriſe againſt the Moores: but whereas by the aduice of his counſell, circumſpeltly conſidering the ſuretie of his owne realme, vpon perfect knowledge hadde, that the Frenchmen meant to inuade hys dominions in his abſence, he had altered his former determinatiō, & taken an abſtinence of war with the Mores, till an other time. He therefore required the Lorde Darcy to be contented to returne home againe, promiſing him wages for all hys ſouldyers, and if it ſhould pleaſe hym to come to the Court, he ſhould receyue high th[...] of the Kyng, and ſuche cheere, at there could[...] made him.

The Lord Darcy was nothing pleaſed wyth thys declaration, but ſith hee ſawe there was no remedie, he ſayd, that whatſoeuer the Kyng had concluded, he could not bee againſte it, conſidering hee was ſente to him: but ſurely it was againſt his mind to depart home, without doing any thyng agaynſt Gods enimies, with whome he had euer a deſire to fight. And as for his comming to the Court hee ſaide, he coulde not leaue his men whome hee hadde broughte out of theyr Countrey, without an head, and as for y^e kings banquette, it was not the thing that hee deſired.

On the nexte daye [...] the morning, money was ſent to pay the Souldiers their wages, for their conduction againe into England with dyuers gifts giuen to the Lorde Darcy, and other Gentlemen, yet notwithſtanding, he was hyghly diſpleaſed, howbeit, like a wiſe man, hee diſſimuled the matter.

A ſhrewde fray begun vpon a ſmall ſioccaon.The ſame day, being the fourtenth daye of Iune, and Friday, there chanced a fray to be begunne in the towne of Cales, betwixt the Engliſhmen, and them of the towne, by reaſon that an Engliſhmen, would haue had for his money a lofe of bread from a mayd that had bin at the Bakers to buybread, nor to ſell, but to ſpende in hir miſtreſſe houſe. The cōmon be[...] was roong, and all the Towne wente to harneys, and thoſe few Engliſhmenne that were a lande, wente to there vowes.

The Spanyardes caſt dartes, and the Engliſhmen ſhotte, but the Captaynes of England, and the Lordes of the Counſell for their parte, tooke ſuche payne, that the fray was ceaſſed, and but one Engliſhman ſlayne, though diuers were hurte: and of the Spaynardes, dyuers were ſtayne.

After this, vppon requeſt made by the Lordes of Spayne, the Lord Darcy and all his men the ſame night, went aborde their Shippes, but Hē ry Guilforde, Weſton Browne, and William Sidney, yong and luſty Eſquiers, deſired licence to ſet the Courte of Spayne, which being granted, they wente thyther, where they were of the King highly enterteyned,

Henry Guilford, and Weſton Browne, were made Knightes by the King, who alſo gaue to Sir Henrye Guilforde, a Canton of Granado, and to Sir Wolſton Browne, an Egle of Sycill on a chiefe, to the augmentation of theyr armes.

William Sidney ſo excuſed hymſelfe, that he was not made Knight.

When they had ſoiourned there awhile, they tooke theyr leaue of the King and Queene, and returned through Fraunce into England.

The Lorde Darcy returneth out of Spayne.During which ſeaſon, the Lord Darcy made ſayle towarde England, and arriuing at Plimmouth, came to the King at Windeſore, and ſo this iourney ended.

During the time that the Lorde Darcy was in Spaine, the Lady Margaret Duches of Sauoy, and daughter to Maximilian the Emperoure, and gouernour of Flaunders, Brabante, Holland, Zeland, and other the low Countreys apperteyning to Charles the yong Prince of Caſtile, ſent in the ende of May to the Kyng of Englande, to haue fifteene hundred archers, to aide hir againſte the Duke of Gelders, whiche ſore troubled the countreys aforeſaid. The kyng tenderly regarding the requeſt of fumoble a Ladie, moſt gently granted hir requeſt, and appointed ſir Edwarde Poynings, Knighte of the garter, and comptroller of his houſe, a valiant Captayne, & a noble warriour, to be Lieutenant and leader of the ſaid fifteene C. archers, whiche accompanyed with his ſon in law the Lord Clinton, ſir Mathew Browne, ſir Iohn [...]goy, Io. Wetrō, Richard Whethrill, and Shrelley Eſquiers, with other Gentlemen and y[...]omen, to y^e foreſayd number of fiftene C. tooke theyr ſhippes a m[...]e beſide Sādwich, the eightenth day of Iuly and landed at Armew the ninetenth daye, not without ſome trouble, by reaſon of a litle [...]or[...]e. From thence, they were conducted to Barowe, whether the Lady Regēt came to welcome thē. On the Sunday, being the .27. of Iuly, they departed to Roſſindale, & on Thurſday the laſt of Iuly, they came to Bulduke. And the nexte day, the whole army of Almaynes, Flemings, and other appetteining to the ſaid Lady, mette with the Engliſhmen without Bulduke, where they ſet forth in order, the Lady Regente beeing there preſent, which tooke hir leaue of all y^e Captaines, and departed to B[...]ke. The army, to the nū ber often M. beſide the fifteene C. Engliſhe archers paſſed forwarde, and the tenth day of Auguſt, being S. Laurice day, came before a little Caſtel, ſtanding on the higher ſide of the t[...] Maſe, called Brimuoiſt, belōging to y^e baſterd of Gelde[...]land. The ſame nighte, Tho. Hert, chiefe gouernoure of the ordinance of the Engliſhe parte, made his approch, and in y^e morning, made battetie ſo, that the aſſault therevpon being giuen, y^e fortreſſe was wonne, and the Captaine and .80. and oddemen were ſlaine, and nineteene taken, of y^e which, eleuen were hanged. Iohn Morton, Captaine of C. Engliſhmen, and one Guyot an Eſquier of Burgoigne, crying S. George, were the firſte that entred, at which aſſault, there was but one Engliſhman ſlaine. On Thurſeday, the fourtenth of Auguſt, the army feryed ouer the riuer of Maſe into Gelderland. The next day, they came to a little Towne called Ayſke. The people were fled, but there was a little Caſtell raſed, and caſt downe, which was newly builte vppon the ſide of the ſayd riuer. Vpon the twentith day of Auguſt, they brent y^e foreſaid towne of Aiſke, and al the coūtrey about it, and came at the laſt to a towne called Straulle, beyng very ſtrong, double diked, and walled. Within it were three C. 60. good men of warre, beſide the inhabitants. At the firſt, they ſhewed good countenance of defence, but when they ſawe their enimies approch neere vnto them with rampiers and trenches, they yeelded by compoſition, ſo that the ſoldyers might depart with a little ſticke in their handes. But the towneſmen reſted priſoners, at the will of the Prince of Caſtile. And ſo on S. Bartholmewes day, the Admirall of Flanders, and Sir Edwarde Poynings entred the Towne with great triumph.

The ſixe and twentith day the army came before Veniow, and ſent an Herraule called Arthoys, to ſommon the Towne: but they within would not heare, but ſhotte gunnes at him.

The eyghte and twentith daye, the army remoued vnto the Northe ſide of Venlowe, and part went ouer the water, and made trenches to the water, and ſo beſieged the towne as ſtraightly as theyr number would giue them leaue, but yet for al that they could doe without, they within kept one gate euer open.

At length, the Engliſh Captaines perceiuing that they laye there in vayne, conſidering the ſtrength of the towne, & alſo how the army was not of nūber ſufficient to enuiron y^e ſame on each ſide, wrote to the K. who willed them with all ſpeede to returne, and ſo they dyd. Sir Edwarde Poynings went to y^e court of Burgogne, where he was receiued right honorably of y^e yōg prince of Caſtel & of his aunt y^e lady Margaret. Iohn Norton, Iohn Fogge, Io. Scot, & Tho. Lynde, were made knightes by the Prince. And y^e Lady Margarete perceiuing the ſouldiors coates to be worne & foule with lying on the ground (for euery man lay not in a tent) gaue to euery yee man a cote of wollen cloth of yealowe, red, white and grene colors, not to hir litle land & praiſe among the Engliſhmē. After y^e ſir Edw, Poynings had bin highly ſ[...]ted & more praiſed of al mē for his valiant men & good order of his people,Sir Edwarde Poinings. he returned w^t his crue into Englād, & had loſt by war & ſick [...]es not fully [...] Whē y^e Engliſhmē wer departed, the Gelders [...] out of the gates of Venlord, daily ſkirmiſhed with y^e Buigo[...]gnions, & a ſked for their authors & herewith winter began ſharply to approch, & the riuer of Ma[...] by a hirdauce of rain roſe ſo high: that it drowned vp the terenehes, ſo that all things conſidered, the captaines without, determined to raiſe their ſiege, and ſo they did, and after they had waſted al the countrey, aboute Venlowe, they returned euery man to his home.

In Iune the Kibeing at Leiceſter,Andrew Barton a Scottiſh Pirate. heard tydings, that one Andrew Barton a Scottiſhman and pirate of the ſea, ſaying that the K. of Scots had war with the Portingals, robbed me[...] tion, & ſtopped the kings ſtreams, that no merchant almoſt could paſſe. And when he toke Engliſhmens goods, he bare the in hand y^t they were Portingales goods, and thus he haunted & robbed at euery hauēs mouth. The king diſpleaſed herewith, ſent ſir Edmund Howard lord Admiral of England, & lord Thomas Howard, ſerue their to the erle of S[...]cey in all haſt to the ſea which haſtily made ready two ſhippes, & taking ſea, by chaunce of weather were ſeuered. The Lorde Howard, lying in the Dewnes, perceiued where Andrew was making toward Scotland,A cruell fight on the Sea. and ſo faſt y^e ſaid lordchaſed him, that he ouertoke him and there was a ſore battaile betwixt them, Andrew euer blew his whiſtle to encourage his mē, but at length the L. Howard and y^e Engliſhmen did ſo valiantly, that by cleane ſtrength they entred the Mayne deck. The Scots fought fore on the hatches: but in concluſion Andrew was taken, & ſo ſore wounded, [...] Bartō [...]e. that he dyed there. Then all the remnant of the Scots were taken wyth their ſhippe called the Lyd[...].

All this while was the lord Admirall in chaſe of the Bark[...] of Scotlande called Ienny Pi[...] wyn, which was woute to ſayle with the Lyon in companie, & ſo much did he with other, that he layd him a h[...]de, and though the Scots manfully defended themſelues, you at length y^e engliſh men entred the Barke, ſlew many, and tooke all the reſidue. Thus were theſe two ſhippes taken, and brought to Blackewall the ſeconde of Auguſt.

The Scottes that were taken priſoners, wer pardoned of their liues, and ſent home into their Countrey. The King of Scottes hearing of the death of Andrew Barton, and the taking of his two ſhippes, was wonderfully wroth, and ſente letters to the King, requiring reſti[...]tion, according to the league & amitie. The K. wrote to the K. of Scots againe with brotherly ſalutation, of the robberies done by y^e ſayd Andrew, and that it became not a Prince to lay breache of peace to his confederate, for doing iuſtice vpon a Pirate and theefe: and that all the Scots that were taken, had deſerued to die by iuſtice, if hee had not extended his mercy. And with this aunſwere,King Henry the eyght taketh the popes part againſt the french K. the Scottiſh Herrault departed. About this ſeaſon, the Frenche K. made ſharp warre againſt Pope Iuly: wherefore the K. of England wrote to the french K. that he ſhould leaue off to vexe the Pope in ſuche wiſe, being his friend, and confederate: but when the French K. ſeemed litle to regarde that requeſt, the king ſent him worde to deliuer him his lawfull inheritance both of the duchie of Normandy and Guyenne, & the countries of Aniou & Mayne, and alſo of his crown of France, or elſe he woulde come with ſuche a power, that by fine force he wold obteyne his purpoſe: but notwithſtanding thoſe writings, the French King ſtill purſued his warres in Italye. Whervpon the K. of Englād, ioyning in league with Maximilian the Emperor, & Ferdinando king of Spain, and with diuers other princes, reſolued by the aduiſe of counſel to make warre on the French king & his countreyes, and made preparation both by ſea and land, ſetting forth ſhips to the ſea, for ſafegard of his merchants.

1512This yeare the king kepte his Chriſtmaſſe at Grenewich, with great and plentiful cheere, alſo with triumphant paſtimes, as maſkings, dauncings,A Parliament. and ſuche lyke. The .xv. day of Ianuarie began the Parliament, wher the biſhop of Canterbury began his oration with this verſe Iuſtitia & pax oſculatae ſunt, vppon whiche hee declared how iuſtice ſhould be miniſtred, & peace ſhould be nouriſhed, & by what meanes Iuſtice was put by, and peace turned into warre. And therevpon he ſhewed how the French K. wold do no iuſtice in reſtoring to the king his righte inheritaunce, wherefore for lacke of Iuſtice, Peace of neceſſitie muſt be turned into warre. In this Parliament was graunted two fifteenes of the temporaltie, & of the Cleargie two diſmes. After that it was concluded by the whole body of the realme in the high court of Parliament aſſembled, that warre ſhuld be made on the French K. & his dominiōs, whervpon was wonderful ſpede made in preparing all thinges neceſſarie bothe for Sea and lande.

The K. of Aragon alſo hauyng of that tyme warre with the Frenche king wrote to his ſon in law king Henry, that if he wold ſend ouer an armie into Biſ[...]ay, and ſo to inuade Frāce on that ſide, for y^e recouerie firſt of his durhie of Guy[...]e, he would ayde them with ordinaunce, horſemen, beaſtes & cariages, with other neceſſaries appertaining to the ſame. The king and his counſell putting their affiance in this promiſe of [...]. Ferdinando, prepared a noble armie all of footemen, and ſmall artillerie, appoyntyng the noble Lord Thomas Greye Marqu[...] Dorſet to bee chiefe conductour of the ſame.

The kyng dayly ſtudying to ſet forth his war which he had begon againſt the French K. cauſed Sir Edmund Haward his Admirall,An. reg. 4. wyth diligence to make readie diuers goodly tall ſhips, as the Souerain & other, to the number of .xvlij. beſide other ſmaller veſſels, and therwith hauing in his companie ſir Weſton Browne, Griffyth Doune, Edwarde Cobham, Thomas Windham, Thomas Lucy, William Perton, Henry Shirchourne, Stephen Bull, George W[...]itwange, Iohn Hopton, William Gunſtō, Thomas Draper, Edmonde Cooke, Iohn Burder, and diuers other, he tooke the Sea, and ſcowring the ſame, about the middes of May he came before Porteſmouth.

About the very ſelfe time the Lord Marques Dorſet, and other noble men apointed for the iorney of Biſkey, as the Lorde Hawarde ſon and heire to the Earle of Surrey, the Lorde Brooke, the Lord Willoughby, the lord Ferrers, the lord Iohn, the lord Anthony, and the lorde Leonarde Grey, all three brethren to the Marques Syr Griffeth ap Riſe, Syr Morris Barkely, ſir William Sandes, the Baron of Burforde, ſir Richarde Cornewall brother to the ſaid Baron, William Huſey, Iohn Meltō, William Kingſton eſquiers, ſir Henry Willoughby, and diuers other, with Souldiors to the number of .x.M. (amongſt the which were fiue .C. Almaynes clad all in white, vnder the leading of one Guiot a Gentleman of Flaunders) came to Southampton, and there [...] red their bandes whyche were appoynted and trimmed in the beſt maner. The ſixtenth daye of May they were al beſtowed aboued in Spaniſh ſhippes furniſhed with victual, & other neceſſaries for that iourney. The winde ſerued [...] well for their purpoſe, y^e they came all in ſafety on the coaſte of Biſky at the Port of Paſſag[...] Southweſt of Fonteraby, and ſo the third day of Iune they landed, tooke the fielde, embattailing themſelues for their ſafegarde righte ſtrongly.

Within three days after that the army was thus a land there came to the Marques an erle and an other noble man to welcome him and his companie. Then the Lord captain remoued his field and took an other place nerer to Fonterabye, where he lay a long tyme looking euery day to haue ayde of horſemen and artillerie of the King of Arragon, but none came. Syr Iohn Style cauſed to bee boughte two hundred Mulettes and Aſſes of ſuche price as the Spanyardes gained greately, and when they were put to cary and drawe,The englishe [...]pe greatly [...]dered for [...] of beaſts [...] their [...]ce. they woulde not ſerue the turn, for they were not exerciſed therto before that tyme, and ſo for want of beaſts to drawe ſuch ordinance as the Engliſhemen had there with thē, they loſt the doing of ſome greate exployte againſt the Frenchmen on the frontiers of Gaſcoygne, for they mighte haue runne a great waye into that countrey, being as then deſtitute and vnpurueyed of men and munitions. One day the Frenchmen made a ſkrye toward the Engliſhe campe, but the Engliſhmen perceyuing them, paſſed the riuer that was betwixt them, and with Arrowes chaſed the Frenchmen, ſo that for haſte many of theyr horſſes foundered, and fell, ere they came to Bayonne: If there had bene any horſemenne amongſt the Engliſhmen, they hadde ſore endomaged their enimies.

A gentle offer by the king of [...]e to the Englishmen.The King of Nauarre doubtyng leaſt the Engliſhmen were come into thoſe parties for no good meaning towards him, ſent to the L. Marques a biſhop, and diuers other, offering to miniſter victuals vnto the Engliſhmē for their money, if it ſhould ſtand ſo with his pleaſure.

The Lord Marques thanked him for the offer, and promiſed that if they of Nauarre wold vittaile his people, they ſhould pay them well and truly for the ſame, and alſo he wold warrant their paſſing and repaſſing in ſafetie, and that by the Engliſhemen no preiudice ſhoulde be done to his realme. Herevpon were the Engliſhmen vittailed oute of Nauerre, to theyr great comfort. After that the armie had layne xxx. days in the ſecond camp, there came from the King of Arragon a Biſhop and other nobles of his counſell.

This biſhop was the ſame that made the anſwere to the Lorde Darcy at Cales, the laſte yeare. The effect of his meſſage was to deſire the Lord Captayne and his people to take patience for a while, and they ſhould ſee that ſuch preparation ſhould be made for the furniſhing of their enterpriſe, as ſhuld ſtand with the honour of his maiſter and their aduancements.

The Engliſhmen ſore diſcontented with their idle lying ſtill in the field, miſliked wyth his excuſes, ſuppoſing the ſame (as they proued in deed) to be nothing but delayes. In the meane tyme that the Engliſhmen thus lingered without attemptyng any exployte, theyr victuall was muche parte Garlyke, and they caring thereof with all theyr meates,Great death of the flixe by vnvvonted dyet. and drinking hotte wyues, and feeding alſo on hot feates, procured their bloud to boyle within their bellies, that there fell ſicke three thouſande of the flixe, and therof dyed an eighteene hundred perſones.

The Lord Marques perceyuing this myſchief, ſent to the king of Spayne,The L. Marques ſendeth to the king of Spayne to performe promiſe. certain of his capitaines to know his pleaſure. The K. tolde them that ſhortely the duke of Alua ſhoulde ioyne with them, bringing with him a mightye power, ſo that they mighte the more aſſuredly proceede in theyr enterpriſe.

With this anſwer they returned to the Lord Marques, who liked it neuer a deale, bycauſe he iudged that the king ment but to driue time with him, as after it proued.

In the meane tyme there beganne a mutenie in the Engliſhe campe thorough a falſe reporte, contriued by ſome malicious perſone, whiche was, that the Capitaines ſhould be allowed eight pens for euery common ſouldior, where the truth was, that they had allowed to them but onely ſix pens.

The Lord generall aduertized that the ſoldiours began to gather in companyes, founde meanes to apprehend the chiefe beginner, and deliuered him vnto Williā Kingſton eſquier, then prouoſt Marſhall, and ſo was hee put to death to the terror of all other.

Whileſt the Engliſhmen lay thus in camp on the borders of Biſkay towards Guyenne, the archers went oftentymes a forraging into the French confines almoſte to Bayonne, and brent many pretie villages. The K. of Spain reyſed an armie, and ſent foorth the ſame vnder the leading of the Duke of Alua, whiche came forwarde as thoughe hee mente to haue come to the Engliſhmen, who being aduertized of his approche, were meruaylouſly glad thereof, in hope that then they ſhoulde be employed about the enterpriſe for the whiche they were come.

But the Duke entendyng an other thing, when he was aduaunced foorth within a days iourney of them, ſodeynly remoued his army towarde the realme of Nauerre, and entryng the ſame, chaſeth out of his realme the Kyng of that lande, and conquereth the ſame to the K. of Spayns vſe, as in the hiſtorie of Spayn more playnly it doth appeare.

After that the Kyng of Spayn was thus poſſeſſed of the Kyngdome of Nauerre,The kingdome of Nauerre gotten to the K. of Spayne. hee ſente vnto the Lorde Marques, promyſyng to ioyne with him ſhortly, and ſo to inuade the borders of Fraunce, but he came not, wherfore the engliſhmen thought themſelues not wel vſed: for it greued them muche, that they ſhuld lye ſo long idle, ſith there was ſo great hope cō ceyued at their ſetting forth, that there ſhoulde be ſome great exployte atchieued by them thorough the aide that was promiſed by the kyng of Spayne.

Thus whileſt the armie lyngered withoute remouing, there chanced and affraye to riſe betwixt the Engliſhmen and the townes men of Sancta Maris a village ſo called, whervnto ſuch Engliſhmen as fell ſicke, had their reſorte, and thervpon the alarm being brought to the camp, the Engliſhmen and Almains can in great furie to the ſuccor of their fellowes, and notwithſtanding all that the captains could do to ſtaye them, they ſlew and robbed the people without mercie. The Biſcayans that could get away, fled ouer y^e water into Gayenne. The capitaines yet ſo ordred the matter, that all the pillage was reſtored, and .xxj. ſouldiors were condemned, which wer apprehended as they were fleeing awaye with a bootie of .x.M. ducates into Gaſcoigne, ſeuen of them were executed, and the reſidue pardoned of lyfe, at the ſuite of certayn Lordes of Spayne, whiche were as then preſent. The Frenchmen hearing of this ryot, came foorth of Bayonne to ſee and vnderſtand the maner therof, but perceiuing that the Engliſhmen had eſcried them,S. Iehan de Lucy brent by the Englishe. they ſodenly returned. The Engliſhmen followed, and cōming to the towne of Sainte Iehan de Lucy, they brent and robbed it, and ſlew the inhabitantes. Diuers other villages they ſpoyled on the borders of Guyenne, but bicauſe they wanted both horſſes of ſeruice, and horſes to draw forth their ordinance, they could not do any ſuch domage as they might and wold haue done, if they had bene furnyſhed accordyng to their deſires in that point.

Thus continued the Engliſh armie in ſuch wearyſome ſorte tyll the moneth of October, and then fell the Lord Marques ſicke, and the Lorde Howard had the chiefe gouernaunce of the armie, vnto whome were ſent from the K. of Spayne dyuers Lordes of his priuie counſell to excuſe the matter for that hee came not accordyng to his promyſe, requiring them that ſith the tyme of the yeare to make warre was paſſe, it mighte pleaſe them to breake vp theyr campe, and to deuide themſelues abroade into the Townes and villages of his realme til the Spring tyme of the yeare, that they might then goe forwarde with theyr fyrſte pretenced enterpryſe.

The Lorde Howard ſhewed well in wordes that the Engliſhmen could not think well of the king of Spaynes fayned excuſes, and vnprofitable delayes, to his ſmall honoure and their great hinderance and loſſe, hauyng ſpente the King their maiſter ſo muche treaſure, and doon ſo little hurt to his aduerſaries. The Spanyardes gaue faire wordes, and ſo in courteous maner departed.

Then about the ende of October it was agreed amongſt all the Lordes of the Engliſhe hoſt that they ſhould breake vp their campe,The Englishe campe in Biſkey breaketh vp. & ſo they did. The L. Marques and his people wēt to Saynt Sebaſtian, the Lorde Howard and his retinue to Rendre,The [...] diſperſed to [...] dry villages. the Lord Willoughby to Garſchang, and ſir William Sandes, with many other capitayns repaired to Fonterabie, and ſo euery captaine with his retinue was placed in one towne or other.

The K. of England aduertiſed of the king of Spayne his meaning, ſent an herrauld called Windſore, with letters vnto his armye, willyng his men there to tarry, promyſing to ſend ouer to them right ſhortly a new ſupplye, vnder the guydyng of the Lorde Herberte his chamberlain. When this letter was read,Vnappeaceble rage amongeſt the English ſouldiours. & the contents therof notified, the ſouldiors began to be ſo highly diſpleſed, and ſpake ſuch outragious words, as it was maruell to heare, and not contented with words, they were bente to haue don outragious dedes, in ſo muche that in their furie they had ſlain the lord Howard and diuers other, if they had not followed their intentes, & herevpon they were glad to hyre ſhips and ſo embarked themſelues in the moneth of Nouember. When the Lorde Marques was brought a boord, he was ſo weake & feeble of remembrance through ſickneſſe, y^t he aſked where he was.

In the beginning of December they landed heere in Englande,The Englishe army retourneth an[...]e of Biskey. and were gladde to be at home, and got out of ſuche a countreye, where they hadde little health, leſſe pleſaure, & muche loſſe of tyme.

The king of Spayne ſeemed to be ſore diſcontented with their departure, openly affirming, y^t if they had taried till the next Spring he would in their cōpanie haue inuaded Frāce.

About the ſame time that the Marques went into Spayn, that is to wit,The L. Admiral in Britayn. about the middeſt of May, ſir Edward Howard lord Admirall of Englande being on the ſea afore Porteſmouth, made foorth again to the ſea, and directing his courſe towards Britayn, on Trinitie Sunday ariued at Berthram bay with .xx. great ſhips, and ſodeinly ſet his men on land, & there wan a bulwarke which the Britaynes kept and defended a whyle, but beyng ouercome, fled oute of their holde, and left it to the Engliſhmen.

Then the Lord Admirall paſſed, ſeuen myle into the countrey, brenning and waſting townes and villages, and in returning he ſkirmyſhed with diuers men of armes, and ſlew ſome of them: and notwithſtanding that the Britons fought valiantly in defence of their countrey, yet they were put to the worſſe, and ſo the Lorde Admirall returned to his ſhips.

The .23. of May being Monday, he landed in the morning,C[...]et, and [...] other places brent by ſir Edvv. Hawarde Lorde [...]rall of Englande. and cōmaunded to burne the houſe of the Lorde Piers Moguns, wyth the towne of Conket, and diuers other places, and chaſed the Britons into the caſtel of Breſt, and notwithſtanding al the aſſemblies and ſhewes that y^e Britons made, yet they ſuffred the engliſhmen peaceably to returne with their prays and booties. The firſt of Iune the Engliſhmē tooke land in Croyton Bay, & then the lords of Britain ſent word to the L. Admiral, that if he wold abide, they would giue him battail. The Admiral rewarded the meſſenger, & willed him to ſay to them that ſent him, y^t all that day they ſhould find him in that place tarying their cō ming. Then to encourage diuers gentlemen y^e more earneſtly to ſhew their valiancie, he dubbed them knights,Diuerſe Gentlemen Knyghted by the lord Admirall. as ſir Edward Brooke, brother to the lord Cobham, ſir Griffyth Doune, ſir Tho. Windhā, ſir Tho. Lucy, ſir Io. Burdet, ſir William Pyrton, ſir Henry Shirborn, & ſir Stephen Bull. Whē the L. Admiral ſaw y^e Frenchmē come, he cōforted his men w^t pleaſant words, therby the more to encourage thē. The whole nūber of the Engliſhemen was not much aboue .xxv.C. where the Frenchmē were at the leaſt .x.M. and yet when they ſaw y^e order of the Engliſhmen, they were ſodeinly aſtonnyed. Then a gentleman of good experience & credit amōgſt thē, aduiſed the other captains not to fight, but to retire a little, & to take a ſtrong ground, there to remain till the Engliſhmen returned towards their ſhips, & then to take y^e aduātage. And ſo y^e captains began to retire, which whē the cōmons ſaw, they al ran away as faſt as they might, ſuppoſing y^t theyr captains had ſeene or knowne ſome great peril at hande, bycauſe they were not priuie to the purpoſe of their captains. The Lord Admirall ſeing what hapned, when night came departed to his ſhips. After this, the gentlemen of Britain ſent to the Admirall for a ſafeconduct for diuers perſons which they ment to ſend to him about a treatie. The Lorde Admirall was of his gentleneſſe content to graunt their requeſt.

Then certayne Lordes of Britayne tooke a boate and came to the ſhippe of the Lorde Admyrall, where he was ſette wyth all his counſell of the armie about him.

The requeſte of the Brittons was, that it might pleaſe him to ſurceaſſe his cruell kynd of warre in brenning of towns and villages: but the Admirall playnly tolde them that he was ſent to make warre and not peace. Then they required a truce for ſix dayes, which would not be graunted, and to their reprofe, the Admiral told them that gentlemē ought to defend their countrey by force, rather than to ſue for peace. And thus (makyng them a bankette) he ſente them away, and after hearyng that there were ſhips of warre on the ſeas, he coaſted frō thence alongſt the countrey of Normandie, ſtill ſkouring the ſea, ſo that no enimie durſte appeare. And at lengthe he came and laye by the Iſle of Wight, to ſee if any enimies would appeare, during which time, diuers ſhippes kepte in the northſeas, vnder the conducte of ſir Edwarde Ichingham, Iohn Lewes, Iohn Lonedaye, and other.

This yeare alſo in Iune the King kepte a ſolemne iuſtes at Grenewiche,Iuſtes at Gr[...] vviche. the king and ſir Charles Brandon taking vpon them to abyde all commers. After this, the kyng hauing prepared men and ſhips ready to go to the ſea vnder the gouernance of ſir Anthonie, Oughtred, ſir Edward Ichyngham, William Sydney, & diuers other Gentlemen, apointed them to take the ſea, and to come before the Iſle of Wight, there to ioyne with the L. Admiral, which they did but in their paſſage, a galey was loſt by negligence of the Maſter. The K. hauing a deſire to ſee his nauie together, rode to Portſmouth, and ther appointed captains for one of the chiefeſt ſhips called the Regent, ſir Thomas Kneuet maſter of his horſes, and ſir Iohn C[...]w of Deuonſhire, and to the Soueraine hee appointed for captains ſir Charles Brandon, and ſir Henry. Gylforde, and with them in the Soueraigne were put .lx. of the talleſt yeomen of the kings garde. Many other gentlemen were ordeyned capitains in other veſſels. And the K. made them a bankette before their ſetting forward, and ſo committed them to God.The Kings nauye ſetteth out They were in number .xxv. faire ſhippes, of greate burdeyne, well furniſhed of all thinges neceſſarye.

The Frenche king in this meane whyle had prepared a Nauie of .xxxix. ſayle in the ha[...]en of Breſt, and for chiefe hee ordeyned a greate Carrike of Breſt, apperteyning to the Quene his wife, called Cordelier, a verie ſtrong ſhip, and well appointed. This nauie ſet forwarde out of Breſt the tenth of Auguſt,The Englishe nauye encountreth vvith the Frenche vpon the coaſte of Britaine. and came to Britayne Bay, in the which the ſame day was the Engliſhe fleet arriued. When the Engliſh men perceiued the Frenchmen to be iſſued forth of the hauen of Breſt, they prepared themſelues to battail, & made foorth toward their enimie., whiche came fiercely foreward, and comming in ſight eche of other, they ſhotte of their ordinaunce ſo terribly together, that all the Sea coaſt ſounded of it. The Lord Admirall made with the great ſhippe of Depe, and chaſed hir. Sir Henry Guylforde and Sir Charles Brā don made with the great Carricke of Breſte, beyng in the Soueraine, and layde ſtemme to ſtemme to the Carrike, but by negligence of the maiſter, or elſe by ſmoke of the Ordinance, or otherwiſe, the Soueraigne was caſt at the Verne of the Carrike, wyth whyche aduauntage the Frenchmen ſhouted for ioy: but when Sir Thomas Kneuet whyche was readye to haue bourded the greate ſhippe of Deepe ſawe that the Soueraigne miſſed the Carricke, ſodeynly he cauſed the Regent (in the whiche he was aboord) to make to the Carricke, & to craple with hir a long boorde, and when they of the Carrike perceyued they coulde not departe, they ſet ſlippe an ancre, and ſo with the ſtreame the ſhippes tourned, and the Carrike was on the weather ſyde,A cruell fight betvvixt the tvvo Nauies. and the Regente on the lye ſide. The fight was cruell betwixt thoſe two ſhippes, the Archers on the Engliſhe ſide, and the Croſſebowes on the Frenche parte doyng theyr vttermoſt to annoy eche other: but finally the Engliſhmen entred the Carricke whyche being perceiued by a Gunner,The Englishe [...]ge[...] and the Frenche Carricke brent tog[...]ther. he deſperatly ſet fyre in the gunpowder, as ſome ſaye, thoughe there were that affirmed, howe ſir Anthonye Oughtred following the Regent at the ſterne, bowged hir in diuers places, and ſet hir pouder on fire.

But howe ſoeuer it chanced, the whole ſhip by reaſon of the powder was ſet on fyer, and ſo both the Carrike & the Regent being crappled togyther, ſo as they coulde not fall off, were bothe conſumed by fier at that inſtant.

The Frenche nauie perceiuyng this, fled in al haſt, ſome to Breſt, and ſome to the A[...]es adioyning. The Engliſhmen made out boates to helpe them in the Regent: but the fire was ſo terrible, that in maner no man durſt approche, ſauing y^t by the Iames of Hull certain Frenchemen that could ſwim were ſaued. Captain of this Carrike was ſir Piers Morgan, & with him he had in the ſame ſhip .ix.C. men: & with ſir Thomas Kneuet, and ſir Iohn Car[...]we were .vij.C. & al drowned and brent. The engliſhmen that might lay in Berthram Bay, for the Frenche fleete was diſparpled as ye haue heard. The L. Admirall after this miſchaunce thus hapned to theſe two worthy ſhips, made agayn to the ſea, and ſkoured all alongeſt the coaſtes of Britayne. Normandie and Picardie, taking many Frenche ſhips, and brenning ſuche as they could not well bring away wyth them. The K. of England hearing of the loſſe of the Regent, cauſed a great ſhip to be made, ſuch one as the like had neuer bin ſene in Englād, & named hir Henrie grace de dieu. Henry grace de Dieu.

The Frenche Kyng aboute the ſame tyme ſent to a Knighte of the Rhodes called Prione Iehan, a Frenchman borne, of the countrey of Guyenne, requiring him to come by the ſtraytes of Marrocke into Britaine, the whiche he did, bringing w^t him .iij. Galeis of force with diuers foiſts & rowgaleys ſo wel ordinanced & trimmed, as the like had not bin ſeene in theſe parties before his cōming. He had layn on the coaſts of Barbarie to defend certeine of the religion as they came from Tripolie.

This yeare in the Moneth Nouember the king called his high courte of Parliamente in the which it was concluded,A Parliament vvherein it vvas concluded that Kyng Henry in proper perſon shoulde i[...]ade Fraunce. that the K. himſelf in perſon with an army royall ſhoulde inuade Fraunce whervpon notice therof being giuē to ſuch as ſhould attend theyr [...] theſe [...]yance with all diligence that myght be.

1513After that this Parliament was ended, the king kept a ſolemne Chriſ[...] [...], with daunces and mummeries in muſt princely maner. After Candelmaſſe the King [...] ſir Charles Brandon vicounts [...]e. In Marche following,Sir Charles Brandon created Viſcount [...]le. was the king nauie of ſhippes royall and other ſee foorth to the number of .xlij. beſide other balengers vnder the conducte of the Lorde Admirall, accompanied with ſir Water Deurreux,The nauie ſetteth out againe. Abyd Fecites, ſir Wol[...]tan Browne, Sir Edward Ichyngham, ſir Anthony Pe[...], ſir Iohn Wallop, Sir Thomas Wyndam, Syr Stephen Bull, William Fitz William, Arthur Plantaginet, William Sydney Eſquiers, and diuers other noble and valiant capitains. They ſayled to Porteſmouth, and there laye abyding wynde, and when the ſame ſerued their towne, they weyed anker, and makyng ſayle into Britayne, came into Berthram Bay, and there laye at anker in ſight of the French nauie, which kept it ſelfe cloſe within the hauen of Breſte, w[...]y[...] out proferyng to come abroade.

The Englishe nauie purpoſing to ſee vpon the Frenche in the hauen are defeated by a [...]iſchaunce.The Engliſhmen perceyuing the manner of the Frenchmen, determined to ſet on them in the hauē, and making forward in good order of battayl, at their firſt entrie one of their ſhips wherof Arthur Plantagenet was captain, fell on a blind rock, and braſt in ſunder, by reaſon wherof, all the other ſtayed, and ſo the engliſh captains perceyuing that the hauen was dangerous to enter without an expert lodeſman, they caſte aboute, and returned to their harborough at Berthram Bay againe. The Frenchemen perceyuing that the Engliſhmen meant to aſſayle them, moored their ſhips ſo neere to the caſtell of Breſt as they coulde, and placed bulwarkes on the land on euery ſide to ſhoote at the Engliſhmen. Alſo they trapped togither .xxiiij. greate hulkes that came to the Bay for ſalte, and ſet them on a rowe, to the intent that if the Engliſhmen hadde come to aſſault them, they would haue ſet thoſe hulks on fire, and haue let them driue with the ſtreame amongeſt the Engliſh ſhipps. Priour Iehan alſo lay ſtill in Blank ſable Bay, and plucked his galeys to the ſhore, ſetting his baſiliſkes and other ordinance in the mouth of the Bay, which baye was bulwarked on euery ſyde, that by water it was not poſſible to be wonne. The L. Admirall perceiuyng the French nauie thus to lye in fear, wrote to the king to come thyther in perſon, and to haue the honour of ſo high an enterpriſe: whiche writing the kings counſell nothing allowed, for putting the king in icopardie vpon the chance of the ſea. Wherefore the kyng wrote to hym ſharply againe, commaundyng him to accompliſhe that which appertained to his dutie: which cauſed hym to aduenture thyngs further than w[...] [...]d̄ [...] he ſhould, as [...]eer ye then heare.

Prioue Iehan keping [...] within h[...] hold as a pri[...] a dungeon,An. reg. 5. did yet ſomtime ſend out his cauſe ioy[...]s to make a ſhewe before the Engliſh nauie, which cauſed them to their Bay, but bicauſe the Engliſh ſhips were myghtie veſſells, they coulde not enter the Bay, and therfore the L. Admiral cauſed certain boates to be manned [...], which took one of the beſt Foyſts that Prior. Iehan had, and that with great daunger: for the galeys and bulwarks ſhot ſo freſhly al at one inſtant, that it was maruel how the engliſhmen eſcaped. The L. Admirall perceiuing that the Frenchmen would not come abroade, called a counſel, wherin it was determined, y^e firſt they would aſſaile Prior Iehan and his galeys lying in Blanke ſable Bay, & after to ſet on the reſidue of the French fleete in the hauen of Breſt. Then firſt it was appointed, that the Lord Ferrers, ſir Stephen Bull, and other, ſhould go a land with a conueniente member to aſſault the bulwarkes, while the Admirall entred with row barges and little Galeys into the Baye, and ſo ſhoulde the Frenchmen be aſſayled both by water and land.

The Lord Admirall by the counſel of a Spaniſhe knight called Sir Alfonſe Charant, affirming that he might enter the Bay with litle icopardie, called to him William Fitz William, William Cooke, Iohn Colley, and ſir Wolſtan Browne, as his chiefe and moſt truſtie frendes, making them priuie to his intent, which was to take on him the whole enterpriſe, with their aſſiſtance, and ſo on Saint Markes day, whiche is the .xxv. of Aprill, the ſayde Admirall put hymſelfe ſmall rowe barge, appoynting three other ſmall rowing ſhippes, and his owne ſhypboate to attend him, and therwith vpon a ſodain rowed into the Bay, where Prior Iehan hadde moored vp his galeys iuſt to the grounde, whiche galeys with the bulwarkes on the lande ſhot ſo terribly, that they that folowed were afrayd, but the Admirall paſſed forwarde, and as ſoone as he came to the Galeys, he entred & droue out the Frenchemenne. William Fitz William within his ſhippe was ſore hurt with a quarell. The Bay was ſhallow, and the other ſhips could not enter, for the tyde was ſpent: Which thyng the Frenchmen perceyuing, they entred the galeys agayn with Moris pikes, and foughte with the Engliſhemen in the galeys. The Admirall perceyuing their approche, thought to haue entred agayne into his rowe barge, whiche by violence of the tide was dryuen downe the ſtreame, and wyth a pike hee was throwen ouer the boorde,Sir Edvvarde Lord Admiral drovvned. and ſo drowned, and alſo the forenamed Alfonſe was there ſtayne: All the other boates and veſſelles eſcaped verye hardlye awaye: for if they had taryed, the tyde had fayled them, and then all had bin loſt. The Lord F[...]ers and the other captaines were right ſorowfull of thys chance, but when there was no remedy, they determined not to attempte anye further, till they might vnderſtand the kings pleſure, and ſo they returned into England.

The Frenchmen, perceyuing that the Engliſh flete departed from the coaſts of Britayne, and drewe towardes Englande, they came foorth of their hauens, and Prior Iehan ſet foorth his galeys and foyſts, and drawing alongſt the coaſts of Normandie and Britayn, coaſted ouer to the borders of Suſſex with all his company,The Frenche gallies land in Suſſex, and brent certayne cotages. & there landed and ſet fire on certaine poore cotages.

The Gentlemen that dwelte neere, reyſed the countrey, and came to the coaſt, and drone Prior Iehan to his galeys.

The King was right ſory for the death of his Admirall, but ſorrowe preuaileth not when the chaunce is paſt. Therfore the king hearyng that the French nauie was abrode, called to hym the lord Thomas Howard eldeſt brother to the late Admirall, and ſonne and heire apparante to the Erle of Surrey,The Lorde Thomas Havvarde made Admirall. whom he made Admiral, willing him to reuenge his brothers death. The lord Howard humbly thanked his grace of the truſte that he put in him, and ſo immediatly wente to the ſea, and ſkoured the ſame, that no Frenchman durſt ſhew himſelf on the coaſt of Englād, for he fought with them at their owne portes.

The king hauing all his prouiſions ready for the warre, and meaning to paſſe the ſea in hys owne perſon, for the better taming of the loftye Frenchemen, appoynted that worthy counſellor and right redoubted chieftayne, the noble George Talbot erle of Shreweſburie,The Earle of Sh[...]evveſbury ſent into Frāce vvyth an army. hygh Steward of his houſehold to be capitayn generall of his foreward, and in his companie were appoynted to goe, the Lord Thomas Stanley erle of Derby, Lorde Decowrey Prior of Saint Iohans, ſir Robert Ratcliffe Lorde Fitzwater, the Lorde Haſtings the Lorde Cobham, ſir Rice ap Thomas, ſir Thomas Blunt, ſir Richarde Sacheverell, Sir Iohn Digby, ſir Iohn Aſkewe, ſir Lewes Bagot, ſir Thomas Cornwal, and many other knights, and eſquiers and ſouldiors, to the number of eight thouſande men. Theſe paſſed the ſea, and came to Caleys about the middle of May.

The Lorde Herbert called ſir Charles Somerſet, Lorde Chamberlayn to the kyng, in the ende of the ſame moneth folowed the ſayd earle of Shreweſbury, with ſixe thouſande menne: in whoſe companie were the Earles of Northumberlande Percye, of Kent Graye, of Wylſhyre Stafforde, the Lorde Dudley, the Lorde Delaware, and his ſonne Sir Thomas Weſte, Syr Edwarde Huſſey, ſir Edwarde Dynmacke, ſir Dany Owen, with many other knights, eſ[...]y [...]s, and, Gentleman. After they had ſoiorned certayne days in Eal[...]ys, and that all their neceſſaries were [...]adye, they iſſued forth of the towne, ſo to begin their camp. And firſt the erle of Shreweſburie & his cōpany toke the fielde, & after h[...]s, the Lord He[...]bert with his reti[...]es in maner of a re[...]ward. Then folowed that valiant knight ſir Ry[...]cap Thomas, with .v.C. light horſmen and archers on horſbacke, who ioyned himſelf to the forewarde. Theſe two Lordes thus emb[...]tailed did remoue the .xvij. of Iune to Sa[...]field, and on the .xviij. they came to Marguyſon, on the further ſide of the water,The Englishe armie marche[...] vnto Tervvys. as though they woulde haue paſſed ſtreight ways to Bolongne but they meaning an other thing, the next day toke an other way, and ſo coaſted the countrey with ſuche diligence, that the .xxij. of Iune they came before the ſtrong citie of Terrouanne, and [...]ight theyr tents a mile from the town. The ſame night (as certain captains were in counſell within the lord H[...]berts tent,) the baron of Carew was ſlayne with a bullet ſhotte oute of the towne,The Baron of Carevv ſlayne. whyche ſodain aduenture muche diſmayed the aſſemble, but the lord Herbert comforted them with manly words, and ſo his death was paſſed ouer. All the countrey of Arthoys and Picardie fortifyed their holdes, and made ſhewes as the Engliſhe armie paſſed, but they durſt not once aſſayle thē.

The citie of Terrouanne was ſtrongly fortified with wailes, rampiers, bulwarks, and large ditches.The Lorde Pontremy captayne of Tur[...]vvin. The Lorde Pontremy was gouernour within it, hauing with him .vj.C. horſmen, and 2500. Almaynes, beſide the inhabitauntes. The walles and towers were full of ordinance which oftentimes did much diſpleaſure to the Engliſhmē.Tervvyn beſieged. The Erle of Shrewſbury planted his ſiege on the Northweaſt ſyde of the towne, and the Lorde Herbert on the Eaſt ſide, cauſing greate trenches to be made to couer his people withall: for on that ſide there was no hyll to ſuccoure or defend him.

The Frenchemen and Almaynes would dyuers tymes iſſue oute, but the Archers were euer readie to beat them into the Citie agayne.

The Erle of Shrewſbury got into an hollow ground or valey neare to the Citie, & likewiſe the Lorde Herbert by reaſon of his trenches approched likewiſe very neare to the ditches.

The ſeuen and twentith day of Iune being Monday. Sir Nicholas Vaux and ſir Edward Belknappe hauyng with them .iiij.C. and .lx. men, ſette from Guyſnes to conducte foure and twentie Cartes laden with victuals towardes the ſiege at Terrouanne, but the Duke of Vandoſine Lieuetenaunt of Picardye with eyghte hundred horſemen ſette on them as they paſſed through Arde and founde them ſo out of order, that notwithſtanding al y^t the Engliſh captains coulde do to bring men into array, it would not be: for the Frenchmen ſet on ſo redily, that they kept the Engliſhmen in ſunder: yet the horſmen of Guyſnes, beyng not paſte foure and twentie in all, tooke theyr ſpeares, and ioyned w[...] the Frenchemen ryght manfully, and lykewiſe three ſcore Archers ſhotte freſhly at their enimies, but the Frenchmen were ſo many in number, that they obteyned the place, ſlewe .viij. Gentlemen, and dyuers archers. Sir Nicholas Vaux, and ſir Edward Belknappe fled towarde Guyſnes.

Thus were the victualles loſte, and yet the Frenchemen went not away with cleere hands, for thoſe fewe archers that cloſed together, ſhotte ſo egrely, that they ſlew and hurte diuers Frenchemen, and on the fielde lay .lxxxvij. great horſes, whiche dyed there in the place, and neuer went further.

The King in perſon paſſeth ouer into Fraunce.The .xv. day of Iune the king departed from Grenewiche, taking his iorney towardes Douer, whether he came by eaſye iorneys, and the Queene in his companie. After hee had reſted a ſeaſon in the Caſtell of Douer, and taken order for the rule of the realme in his abſence he tooke leaue of the Queene, and entring his ſhippe the laſt day of Iune, being the day of Saint Paule: he ſayled ouer to Caleys, where he was receyued with great ioye by the deputie ſir Gilbert Talbot, and all other there. At his entryng into Caleys, all the baniſhed men entred with hym, and were reſtored to the libertie of the towne.

The king laye in Caleys a certayn tyme, till al his prouiſions were ready, but the army laye in campe at Newnham bridge.

On the .xxj. of Iuly, the kings Maieſtie paſſed foorth of Caleys, and tooke the field, deuiding the armie which he had there with him into three battayles.The order of the kings army. The Lorde Liſle Marſhal of the hoſt was captaine of the forewarde, and vnder hym iij. thouſand men: ſir Richard Carewe with .iij. hundred, kept on the right ſyde of the ſame forewarde, as a wing thereto: and the Lord Darcye with other three hundred men, was a wyng on the lefte hande. The foreryders of this battayle were the Northumberland men on light geldinges. The Erle of Eſſex was Lieutenant generall of the Speares, and ſir Iohn Pechye was vicegouernor of all the horſemen, and ſir Iohn Burdet ſtanderd bearer to the Kings ſpeares.

An eyghte hundred Almayns went on a plumpe by themſelues before the Kings battayle, and the Duke of Buckingham with ſixe hundred men was on the kings lefte hande, egall with the Almayns, in like maner as Sir Edward Poyninges was on the ryght hande, with other vj. hundred men egall with the Almayns.

In the kings battayl where was the ſtanderd of the armes of Englande borne by ſir Henrye Gaylforde, there was .iij. thouſand, and the lord of Burgaynye with .viij.C. men, was wing on the right hand and ſir Wiliam Compton with the r[...]er of the biſhop of Wincheſter, and of maiſter Wolſey the kings almoner, being m[...]nude[...] vlij.C. was in maner of a reregard.This man vvas aftervvarde Cardinall. Sir Anthonie Dughtred and ſir Iohn Neuill with the kings ſpeares that folowed wer .iiij.C. and ſo the whole armie conſtined .xj.M. and three hundred men. The number of y^e carikges wer .xiij.C. and the number of them that attended the ſame were xix. Oane[...], and all theſe were reckened in the battayle: but of good fighting men and ſouldiors appoynted for the purpoſe, there were not full .ix.M. In this order the king w^t his armie marched forward through the confines of his enimies to the ſiege of Terrouanne, entring into the French ground the .xxv. of Iuly being Monday. On the morrowe after, as the armie marched forwarde, by negligence of the Carters that myſtooke the way, a great Curtall called the Iohn Euangeliſt, was ouerthrowne in a deepe ponde of water and coulde not quickely bee recouered. The king being aduertiſed, that the Frenchmen approched to fight with him, left the gunne (bicauſe y^e maiſter Carpenter vndertook to wey it ſhortly out of the water) & ſet forwarde, paſſing on by Tornohan, whiche he left on his right hand, and a little beyond pitched downe his fielde, abyding for his enimies, the which (as hee was informed) were not farre off. On the morow after,The Frenche army approcheth. being Wedneſday, the Relief of the ſpeares brought worde that they had aſcryed the French army cōming forward in order of battaile, to the number of .xj, M. footemen, and .iiij. thouſand horſemen. Capitains of this armie were the Lorde de la Palyce, the lorde de Priennes, the Duke of Longvile, the Earle of Saint Paule, the Lord of Floringes, the lorde of Cleremont, and Richard de la Poole, a baniſhed man, ſonne to Iohn duke of Suffolke. They came within two miles of the kings armie, and there the footmen ſtaled, & came no further. But certayn of the horſemen to the number of .iij.M. came forward, and at the end of a wood ſhewed themſelues in open ſight of the Engliſhe army. And thus they ſtood countenancing the Engliſhmen.The Northern[...] rickers. Some of the Northerne prickers made to them, and in ſkirmiſhing with them, tooke ſome of them priſoners. About noone the ſame day, that valiant Welche knight Syr Ryce ap Thomas with his retinue of horſemen beeing departed from the ſiege of Terrouanne, came to the king, and ſtreight ways was ſent to the erle of Eſſex, which with .ij.C. ſpeares was layde in a ſtale, if the Frenchmen had come neerer. When they were ioyned togither, they drew aboute the hill, hauyng with them ſir Thomas Guylford, with .ij.C. archers an horſback, meaning to ſet on the Frenchmen, the which perceyuing that, & doubting leaſt more companye had followed, they ſodenly drewe backe, and ioyned them with their great battayle. Then the erle of Eſſex, and the Engliſh horſmen followed them til they came nere to the armie of France, & then ſcaled and ſente forthe light horſemen to viewe the demeanor of the Frenchmenne. When the Frenchmen of armes were retorned to their battaile, then bothe the horſmen and footmen withdrewe in order of battayle and ſtill the Engliſhe ſcurrers followed them for the ſpace of three leagues, and then retourned to the Earle, makyng report to hym of that they hadde ſeene, who then brake vp his ſtale, and came to the Kyng, declaring to hym howe the Frenchemenne were gone backe.The drye VVedneſdaie. This was called the drye Wedneſdaye, for the daye was wonderfully hote, and the king with his armye ſtoode in order of battaile, from ſixe of the clocke in the mornyng till three of the clocke in the after noone. And ſome dyed for lacke of moiſture, and generally euery man was burned about the mouthe with heate of the ſtomacke for drinke lacked, and water was not neare. After this y^e king remoued toward Trerovanne and as he was ſetting forward, the Lord Walon of Flanders came to him with his horſmen, which were already in the kings wages.

As the armie paſſed, by negligence the ſame day in a lane was ouerthrowne one of the kings Bombards of yron, called the redde gonne, and there lefte. The king lodged that night two miles from S. Omers on the north ſide the towne.

On the thurſdaye being the .xxviij. of Iulye the maiſter Carpenter with an hundred carpenters & laborers, without knowledge of the Marſhal, wēt to way vp the great gonne that was in the ponde, as ye haue heard, & by force of engins drew it vp, and carted it redy to bring away: but ſodeinly there came an .viij.C. Frenchmen with ſpeares,The great [...]unne gotten [...] the Frenche, [...]y the folishe [...]i[...] dynes of the Maiſter Carpenter. croſſebowes and handgons, which ſet on the labourers ſo fiercely, that not withſtanding their manful defence, the moſt part of them were ſlayne, and the reſidue taken, and both they and the peece of ordinance conueyed to Bolongne.

The Frenchmen glad of this chaunce, aſſembled a great number to fetch the other gonne alſo the which lay yet in the lane. But the lorde Berners being captain of the Pioners, and hearing all theſe things prepared to recouer that gonne, & ſo on the morrow went to fetche it. There were appointed to goe back to ſee him ſafe conduited, the Erle of Eſſex with his company of ſpeares, ſir Richard ap Thomas with his retinue, and ſir Iohn Neuill with the Northumberlande men. The Almayns alſo were commaunded to retire backe to the ſuccours of them that were gone for the gunne. The Almayns went forth tyll they came within two myles of the place where the gunne lay, and further they would not go. The Frenchmē to the number of nine or ten thouſād men, as ſome eſteemed, were abrode, & came toward the place where the Engliſhemen were a carting the peece of ordinance. The Northumberland horſmen hauing eſpyed thē, gaue knowledge to the reſidue of the Engliſhmen, who prepared themſelues to defend their ground againſt the enimies, and the earle of Eſſex ſente to the Lord Walon, willing him with his companye to come to his ayde, but the lorde Walon ſente worde agayn, that he was come to ſerue the K. of England more than for one day, and therfore he wiſhed, that al the Engliſhmen would return ſith that with the great power of Fraunce they were not able to matche. Thys aunſwere was muche diſpleaſant to the Earle of Eſſex, and the other captains. In this meane tyme the foreryders of the Frenche part were come to the handes of the Engliſhmen, and ſo they fell in ſkirmiſhe verie hotly: but at length all things conſidered, and ſpecially the ſmall number of the Engliſhe men, being not aboue .vij.C. horſemen, it was thought beſt that they ſhould returne, and folow the gunne, whiche they had ſent forward: and ſo they retreyted in order, & not in any fleeing maner, ſtill folowyng the gunne. The Frenchmen perceyuing that, pricked forwarde to the number of two thouſand horſemen, and came iuſt to the backes of the Engliſhmen, who therwith caſt about, and made returne to the Frenchmen. Syr William Tyler, and ſir Iohn Sharpe were the firſte that charged, and after all the other Engliſhe men. The Frenchmen fledde immediatly ſo faſt backe, that happie was he that myghte be foremoſt. The whole hoſt ſeyng theyr horſmen thus had in chaſe, ſodeinly retourned.

The erle of Eſſex withdrewe to an hill, and ther cauſed his trumpet to blow to the ſtanderd, for feare of ſuttle dealing, and when his mēwer come in, and gathered togither, he returned.

The ſame day beyng Friday, the .xxix. of Iuly, the king came to Arkes, and there encamped,The King encampeth at Arkes. whither the erle of Eſſex came to him, and declared what had bin done that day, the King thanking him and other the capitains for their pains and diligence. The king laye here at Arkes till Monday the firſt of Auguſt, and then remoued to a village mydwaye betwixte Tyrwyn, and Sainte Omers, where he laye tyll Thurſdaye the fourth of Auguſt, and came that day in good order of battaile before the citie of Tyrwyn, and there pight vp his tents and pauillions in moſte royal maner,The K. cōmeth to the ſiege. fencing his campe righte ſtrongly with ordinance, and other warlyke deuiſes. The ordinaunce that was planted againſt the walles did ſore beate and breake the ſame, and on the other ſide they within the town were no niggardes of their ſhotte wherewyth they hurt & ſlew many of the Engliſhmen in their [...]renches. Alſo the Frēche army lay houering a looſe to take what aduantage they coulde of the Engliſhe forragers, and other that went ab[...]de. There were certaine light horſemen amongeſt the Frenchmē of the parties of Greece, and Albany, [...]es. called Eſtradiotes, with ſhorte ſtieropes, beuer hattes, ſmall ſpeares, and ſwordes lyke Turkiſhe Cimiteries: with theſe Eſtradiotes or Albanoiſes, the Northerne lyght horſemen oftentymes ſkirmiſhed and tooke dyuers of thē priſoners. Whileſt the Engliſhemen thus laye before Terrouanne, the Captaine of Bolongne aſſēbled to the number of a .M. men, the which ſetting forward one Euening came to Newnhā bridge by thre of the clock in the morning, & findyng the watchmen a ſlepe, entred the bulwarke and ſlew them. [...]en [...] [...]ping [...]. Then letting the bridge fall, all entred that were appointed. The capitaine of Bolongne kepte .vj.C. men for a ſtale at the bridge, and ſente the other into the Mariſhes and Medows to fetche away the beaſts and cattaile which they ſhould finde there. This was one, and ſome of them came ſo neare the walles of Calais, that they were eſcried, and about a ſixeſcore Coupers, Bakers, Shipmen, and other whych lay without the town hearing the alarme got togyther, and ſetting on thoſe Frenchemen whiche were aduaunced ſo neare the town, ſlew them downe that abode, chaſed them that fled men into Newnhem bridge, and recouered the ſame, and put backe their enemies. About fiue of the clock in the morning the gate of Calais called Bolongne gate was opened, and then by permiſſion of the deputie one Culpeper the vnder Marſhall wyth .ij.C. archers vnder a banner of ſainte George iſſued foorthe,C[...]peper vn [...] Marshall of Cala[...]. and in great haſte came to Newnham bridge, where they founde the other Engliſhmen that had won the bridge of the Frenchemen, and ſo altogither ſet forward to aſſaile the Frenchmen that kepte the ſtale, and tarried till the reſidue of their company which were gone a foraging vnto Calais walles were come, for the other that had ſpoiled the Mariſhes were retourned with a great booty. At the firſt whē the frenchmen ſaw the Engliſhmē approch, they thought they had bin their owne fellowes. But when they ſaw the banner of ſaint George, they perceyued howe the matter went, and ſo determined to defēd themſelues againſt their enemies: but the Engliſhemen ſet ſo fiercely on, that finally the Frenchemenne were diſcomfited, and foure and twenty of them ſlaine, beſide twelue foore that were taken priſoners, & all the ordynaunce, and [...]tie againe recouered. The eleauenth day of Auguſt the king, & the Emperour Maximilian,The Empero[...] Maximilian, and the King of Englande meete. met togither betwixte Ayre and Terrova[...], and after they had moſte frendly ſaluted eyther other, and talked a while togyther, they departed for y^e time, He that deſireth to vnderſtande howe richely the Kings Maieſtie, the Duke of Buckingham, and other the nobles of Englande were apparayled at this enteruiewe, he may reade thereof in the Chronicles of Maiſter Hall. The Emperour and his retinue were all in blacke as mourners, for the Empreſſe lately before was deceaſſed.

Wythin a daye or twoo after thys enterviewe, and that the King was retourned to his campe, thither came a King at armes of Scotlande called Lion,A letter of defiaunce fe[...] by the Scottish King to King Henry. wyth his coate of armes on his backe, who within ſhort time was by Garter Kng of armes broughte to the Kyngs preſence, where hee being almoſte diſmaide to ſee the Kyng ſo noblye accompanyed, wyth fewe wordes and meetely good countenaunce deliuered a letter to the King, which his grace receyued, and readde it himſelf, and therwith hauyng conceyued the whole contentes thereof, made aunſwere immediatly to the Herrault, after a ſharpe ſorte reprouing the great vntruth in the Kyng of Scottes hys Maiſter, whyche nowe accordyng to the cuſtome of dyuers hys annceſtours woulde ſo diſhonourablye breake hys faithe and promyſſe: But fithe hee hadde myſtruſted no leſſe, and that nowe his vniuſte dealyng well appeared, hee hadde the Herrault tell hys Mayſter that hee ſhoulde neuer bee compriſed in anye league wherein hee was a confederate, and that he hadde lefte an Earle in hys Realme that ſhoulde bee able to defende hym, and all hys power: and further that where hee was the verye owner of Scotlande, as of whome it was holden by homage, he woulde not faile at hys retourne to expulſe hym out of his Realme, and ſo (ſaythe hee to the Herrault) tell thy Mayſter.

Sir ſaid the Kyng of armes, I am hys naturall ſubiect, and hee my naturall Lorde, and that he commaundeth me to ſay, I may boldely ſay wyth fauour, but the commaundements of other I maye not nor dare faye to my ſoueraigne: But your letters, with your honoure ſent, maye declare your pleaſure, for I may not ſay ſuch words of reproche to hym, vnto whom I owe only myne allegiance and faith.

Then ſaide the Kyng, wherefore came you hither, will you receiue no anſwere. Yes ſaide Lion, but your aunſwer requireth dooyng and no writyng, that is, that immediatly you ſhuld retourne home. Well ſayde the Kyng, I will returne to your domage, and not at thy Maiſters ſummoning. Then the king commaunded Garter to take him to his tent, and to make hym good cheare, whiche ſo did, and cheriſhed hym well: for hee was ſore abaſhed.

After hee was departed, the King ſent for all the Capitaines, and before them, and hys counſell, cauſed the letter to be redde, the contentes whereof were,The effect of the Scottishe Kings letter to King Henry. that King Henry hadde not delt wyth hym vprightly in ſundry points, as in maintainyng of thoſe whiche had ſlayne hys people of Scotland by ſea, and alſo in ſuccouryng baſterde Heron wyth his complices, whiche hadde vnder truſte of dayes of meeting for Iuſtice, ſlaine his Wardein. Alſo his wifes legacie was by hym withhoulden: And moreouer, where firſte hee hadde deſired hym in fauour of his deare couſin the duke of Gelder not to attempt any thyng agaynſte hym, yet hadde hee ſente his people to inuade the ſayde Dukes countrey, whiche did what in them laye to deſtroye and diſinherite the ſaide Duke, that had nothyng offended agaynſte hym. And nowe againe, where hee hadde made the lyke requeſt for his brother and couſin the moſte Chriſten Kyng of Fraunce, yet notwythſtandyng, had the King of Englande cauſed hym to loſe hys Dutchie of Millaine, and at this preſent inuaded hys Realme wyth all his puiſſance, to deſtroy hym and hys Subiectes, where as yet the ſaide Kyng of Fraunce hadde bene euer friend to hym, and neuer giuen hym occaſion thus to doe. In conſideration of whiche iniuries receyued in his owne perſon, and in his frends, he muſte needes ſeeke redreſſe, and take part with hys brother and couſin the ſaid king of France, Wherefore hee requyred hym to deſiſte from further inuaſion and deſtruction of the Frenche dominions, which to do if he refuſed, he plainlye declared by the ſame letters, that he would do what hee coulde to cauſe him to deſiſte from further purſute in that hys enterpriſe, and alſo giue Letters of Marque to hys Subiectes for the denial of Iuſtice made to them by the king of Englande.

The letters thus ſent to the Kyng of Englande, were dated at Edenburghe the ſixe and twentith daye of Iulye, and gyuen vnder the ſignet of the ſaide Scottiſhe King.

When the King had thus cauſed theſe letters to bee readde, and throughly conſidered of them as apperteyned, hee ſente them ſtrayght vnto the Earle of Surrey, whiche then laye at Pomfret, and cauſed other letters to bee deuiſed to the Kyng of Scottes,King Henry his a[...] [...]ere to the Scottishe Kings letters the effect wherof was, that althoughe hee well perceyued by the Kings letters, whiche he hadde receyued from hym, in what ſorte vnder colour of contriued occaſions and fained quarrells, hee ment to breake the peace, hee didde not muche meruaile thereat, conſideryng the auncient accuſtomed manners of ſome his progenitours: Howbeit if loue and dreade of God, nigheneſſe of bloud, honour of the worlde, lawe and reaſon, hadde bounde hym, it myght bee ſuppoſed that hee woulde neuer ſo farre haue proceeded, wherin the Pope and all princes chriſtened might well note in hym diſhonourable demeanor, whiche hadde dyſſimuled the matter, whileſt hee was at home in hys Realme, and nowe in hys abſence thus went aboute vppon forged cauſes to vtter his olde rancor, whiche in couert manner hee hadde long kept ſecrete: Neuertheleſſe vppon miſtruſte of ſuche vnſtedfaſteneſſe, hee had put his Realme in a readineſſe to reſiſt his enterprices, as hee doubted not through gods fauour, and the aſſiſtaunce of hys confederates, hee ſhoulde bee able to reſiſte the malice of all Sciſmatickes, and their adherentes, beyng by generall counſell expreſſelye excommunicate, and interdited, truſtyng alſo in tyme conuenient to remember hys frendes, and to requite his foes.

Moreoeuer, hee willed hym to ſette before his eyes the example of the King of Nauarre, who for aſſiſtaunce gyuen to the French King was nowe a King wythout a Realme. And as touchyng aunſwere to bee made to the manifolde griefes in the Scottiſhe Kings letters ſurmiſed, if Lawe or Reaſon coulde haue remoued hym from hys ſenſuall opinions, he had bene many times already aunſwered ſufficientlye to the ſame, onleſſe to the pretended grieues therin amongſt other compriſed for the denying of a ſafeonduit to the Scottiſhe Ambaſſadour to haue bene laſtely ſente vnto hym: wherevnto thus hee aunſwered, that the ſame ſafeconduit hadde bene graunted if the Scottiſh Herrault woulde haue taken it with hym.

And finally, as touching the Scottiſh kings requeſte to deſiſte from further attemptyng againſte the Frenche King: he ſignifyed to him, that hee knewe hym for no competent Iudge of ſo high aucthoritie, as to require hym in that behalfe, and therefore God willyng he mente wyth the ayde and aſſiſtaunce of hys confederates and alies to proſecute his begon attempt, and as the Scottiſhe King ſhoulde do to hym, and to hys Realme, ſo it ſhoulde bee hereafter remembred and acquited.

Theſe letters were written in the campe before Tirwin the twelfth of Auguſte, and giuen vnder the Kings ſignet, and therwith deliuered to Lyon Kyng of armes, who hadde giuen hym of the Kyng, an hundred Angelles in reward, and ſo departed with his letters into Flaunders, there to take ſhyppe to ſaile into Scotlande: but ere he coulde haue a veſſell and winde for his purpoſe, hys Maiſter was ſlain, as after yee ſhall beare.

In this meane while the Frenchemen beeing aſſembled and lodged in camp at Bla[...]gie on this ſide Amiens, [...] C[...]en of [...] [...]ache Monſieur de [...]ey. the French King [...] noted that all the horſmen to the number of eight thouſande (as Paulus Ionius recordeth) ſhuld go with victuals vnto Terronanne, & put the ſame into the Towne, it by anye meanes they might, for that thoſe wythin ſtoode as then in greate neceſſitie for want of victualls.

Monſieure de Piennes appointed by the [...]nche King [...]ll Terrouane.The chardge of this conuey was committed vnto Monſieur de Piennes, bycauſe he was lieuetenaunt of thoſe Marches, notwythſtandyng there were amongeſt the number, other noble men of more highe degree in honor, and alſo of great prowes, fame and experience, furniſhed wyth ſundry bandes of men at armes of long approued valiauncye, and vſed to go awaye with victory in many a dangerous conflict and battaile, wantyng at this preſent nothyng but their olde accuſtomed good fortune.

Whileſt the Frenchemen were thus prepared to come with victuals to Terrouanne,The Emperour Maximilian weareth a croſſe of ſainct George as [...]er to the King of Englande. the Emperour Maximilian came from Ayre to the kings camp before Terrouanne the xij. of Auguſt, wearing a croſſe of Saint George as the kings ſouldioure, hee was honorably receyued, and lodged in a riche tent of cloth of gold prepared for hym, accordyng as was conuenient for his eſtate. He tarried til Sonday being the xiiij. of Auguſte, and then returned to Ayre, & on the morrow after came againe being Monday the .xv. of Auguſte, on whyche daye there chaunced a great fray betwixt the Almaines of the Kings campe,A fray betvven to Almaines of the Kyngs campe, and the Englishemen well appeaſed by the deſcretion of the Capitaynes. and the Engliſhemen, in ſo muche that many were ſlayne. The Almaines ranne to the Kynges ordinaunce and tooke it, and embattailed themſelues, and bent the ordinaunce againſte the King and his Campe. The Engliſhemen prepared their bowes, and the Almaines made ready their pikes: But the captains tooke ſuche paines in the matter, that the fray was appeaſed: and as this trouble was in hande, the Emperour came from Ayre, and ſaw all the demeanor of bothe partes, and was glad to beholde the diſcreete behauioure of the captaines. After that the Emperour was thus come to the kings field, the king called a counſell,The Kyng and the Emperor [...] vvhych [...]ge beſte to beſiege Tir [...]y[...]e, to pre [...] the vic [...]kyng of it. at the whiche the Emperour was preſent, where it was debated, by whiche meanes they might beſt conſtraine them wythin to deliuer vp the Towne, and eſpecially howe to keepe them from victuals and other ſuccours, which the Frenche armye (as it was knowen) ment very ſhortly to miniſter vnto them. Some wer of this minde, and namely the Emperour, that bridges ſhoulde be made ouer the riuer to paſſe on at a parte of the army to beſiege the town on that ſide, where otherwiſe the Frenche armye might victuall the towne at their pleaſures other were of a contrary minde, doubting what might happen, if the army ſhuld be ſo deuided, leſt the Frenchmen ſetting on the backe of y^e one part of the army, and they within the towne to fally out in their faces, ſome miſfortune myght happen, ere the other part coulde paſſe the riuer to the ſuccour of their felows. Yet at length the former purpoſe was allowed as moſt neceſſary, and therefore commaundement was gyuen to the Maiſter of the ordinaunce, that in all haſte he ſhuld cauſe fiue bridges to be made ouer the water for the armye to paſſe.Fiue bridges made in one nyght for the armye to paſſe ouer the riuer at Tirvvinne. The Carpenters ſo applied their worke that night, that the bridges were made by the next morrowe, and all the horſemen firſte paſſed ouer, and then the Kyng wyth hys whole battaile, and the greate ordinaunce followed and paſſed ouer to the other ſide of the water. This was on the ſixeteenth daye of Auguſte being Tueſdaye. The ſame morning the Frenchmen were comming with their conuey of victualles to refreſhe the Towne, hauyng appoynted one parte of their troups to keepe on that ſide the riuer where the Engliſh army was firſt encamped, & where the Earle of Shrewſbury ſtill kept hys fielde, that in offering the ſkirmiſh on that ſide, the reſidue of the horſmen might with more eaſe and ſafetie, put the victuals and other neceſſary things into the towne on the other ſide. Here might a man haue ſeene of what force in warres ſuddayne chaunce is oftentimes, for the king thus wyth his bataile paſſing the riuer,Polidore. meaning to beſiege the town on euery ſide, and the frenchmen at that ſame i[...]nt hauing alſo paſſed the riuer wyth other carriages laden wyth victualls, purpoſing to releue the town on that ſide, cauſed no ſmall doubte to be conceyued of eche others meaning, on bothe partes, leaſte that the one hauyng knowledge of the others, purpoſe hadde bin prepared for to hinder the ſame: and yet was it nothyng ſo, for neyther the Kyng knewe of the Frenchemens approche that day, neither they, of his paſſing ouer the water.Hall and Polidore. But when the King had aduertiſement giuen hym (by the light horſmen that were ſent abrode to diſcouer the countrey) how the Frenchemenne were at hande, he prepared hymſelfe to the battaile, and firſte ſette foorthe hys horſemen, and then followed himſelfe with his battell of footmen. The Frenche Capitaynes beeing hereof aduiſed, determined not to fight without their footmen, and therfore with all ſpeede ſent backe their carriages, and ſtaled with their horſemen till the carriages might haue leaſure to get out of daunger.

In the meane tyme the Engliſhemen adnaunced forwarde, and their horſemen mounted vp the hill, where the French horſmen were in troupe with .xxx, iij. ſtanderts ſpredde and myght ſee the Engliſhemenne commyng, and the Kings battaile marchyng forwarde wyth the Almaines. There were amongſt the frēchmen certaine companies of Eſtradiottes, whiche being placed before the French hoſt, as they came downe the hill to ſkirmyſh wyth the Engliſhemen ſawe where the banners of the Engliſhe horſemen were comming, and the kings battaile followyng vpwarde, w[...]yng [...]rly that all hadde bene horſemen, wherevppon they caſte themſelues aboute and fled. The Frenchmen were ſo faſten array,The Eſtradiors miſtaking fourmen, for horſemen fled, firſte. that the Eſtradio[...]s could not enter, and ſo they can ſtel[...]yeſſe and of the Frenchmens ranges. Here [...] [...] gliſhe horſemen ſette on, and a[...] [...] an hundred archers on horſe backe, [...] ſide their horſes, and ſet by an h[...] [...] [...]ugſt a village ſide called Bomy, [...] [...]lye at their enemies, and alſo certaine cal[...]ti[...]es being placed on the top of an hill were diſcharged amongſt thickeſt preaſſe of the Frenchemen, ſo that finally the Frenchmen were diſcomfited, for thoſe that were behind ſawe the fall of ſome of their ſtandertes, which the Engliſhemen ouerthrew, and their Eſtradiotes alſo (in whom they hadde greate confidence) returne, they that were furtheſt off fledde firſte, and then the Engliſhemen and Burgongnyon horſemen whiche were wyth them, egerly followed the chaſe, in the whiche were taken the Duke of Longuile brother to the Earle of Dunois that hadde maried the daughter and heire to the Marques of Rothloys, the Lorde of Cleremont, Capitaine Bayarde, Monſieure de Bufie, and other to the number of twelue ſcore priſoners, and all brought to the Kinges preſence wyth ſixe ſtandertes, which were likewiſe taken. The Burgongniōs brought not their priſoners to ſight. Monſieur de la Palyce, and Monſieure de Imbrecourt being taken of them and known, were put to theyr raunſomes, and licenced mayntenantlye to departe vppon their worde.

Thus was the power of the Frenche horſemenne by the ſharpe encounter of the Engliſhe horſemen, and full ſight of the battayles of the footemen following in array at the backes of the horſemen, and the diſchardgyng of certain culuerines amongſt them, quickly put to flight wythout any greate reſiſtaunce. The Emperor Maximilian was preſent wyth the King, and ware a Sainct George croſſe, greately encouraging the Almaines to ſhewe themſelues like men, ſith the place was fortunate to hym and them, to try the chaunce of battayle in, as they might call to remembraunce by the victory ther obteyned againſte the Frenchemen a foure and thirtie yeres paſte. This encounter chauncyng thus on the ſixeteenth daye of Auguſte, beeyng Tuiſday, in thys fift yeare of Kyng Henryes raigne,The battaytō of Sp[...]t whyche was the yeare after the incarnation 1513. was called the battaile Des Eſprons by the Frenchemen themſelues, that is to ſaye, the battaile of Spurres, forſomuche as they in ſteede of ſworde and launce vſed their ſpurres, with all might and maine to pricke forthe their horſes to gette out of daunger. That wing of horſemen alſo, whiche was appointed to ſkirmiſhe with the Engliſhemen on the other ſide the riuer, whileſt the other might haue conueied the victualles into the Towne, was fiercely beaten backe by the martiall prowes of the valiaunt erle of Shrewſbury, Sir Riſe ap Thomas, and other worthie capitaynes, whiche laye on that ſide the water. The Duke of Alanſon, the Earle of ſaint Paule, and Monſieure de Florenges, had the leadyng of thoſe Frenchemen. They wythin the Towne were in greate hope of ſuccour this daye, and when they ſawe the Frenche power approche, they ſallied forth on that ſide where the Lorde Herbert laye, and ſkirmiſhed with his people very prowdly, but they were repulſed to the gates of their Towne, and many of them ſlayne by the highe valiauncye of the ſaide Lorde Herbert and his capitaines.

After that the Engliſhemen were retourned from the chaſe of the Frenchemen, whome they had followed a three long miles from the fielde, the Kyng made ſir Iohn Peche a baneret,Sir Iohn Peche made baneret, and Iohn Carre Knighte. and Iohn Carre Knight, whiche was fore hurt: Sir Iohn Peche had his guydon taken, and diuers of hys men hurte, they followed ſo farre in the chaſe. After this ouerthrowe of the French horſmen the King compaſſed the town more ſtraightlye on eche ſide, and the batterye was brought ſo nighe the walles as might be, wherwyth breaches were made in ſundry places, by meanes whereof the Lorde Pontremy diſpairyng any long time to keepe the Town, firſt to [...]pa[...] to,Tervvin yeelded vp to Kyng Henry. and [...] to the Kings [...]undes, with [...] it [...] that the S[...] uiors might departe wyth horſe and arm[...], and that ſuche Townſemen as woud[...] there remayne, myght haue their [...] good [...] ued. And thus was the Citie of [...] d[...]iuered vp to the King of Englande, wyth all the ordeynance and man[...]s, to them beeing found within the ſame This was on the .xviij of Auguſte. The [...]te of Shrewſbury [...] the ſame night, and cauſed the baunde at [...] George to bee ſet vp in the higheſt place of the Towne in ſigne of victorie. When the Lorde Pont[...]bury, and all the ſouldiours were departed, and that the earle of Shrewſbury had ſerched all the towne to ſee that euery thyng was ſure, hee called the townſemen afore hym,The citizens of Tervvin vvorne to Kyng Henry. and ſware them to be true to the king of England. The [...] of Auguſte the king hymſelfe entred the town with great and royall triumphe,The Kyng entreth into Tervvin. and [...] in the Biſhopes Palaice. [...] after noone hee returned to his campe, & [...] .xxvj. daye of Auguſte hee [...] againe to [...]hing[...]te, whe[...] he [...] encamped after the [...]ſe of the Frenche horſmen. Here it was determyned in counſell that the walles and fort[...]s of T[...]rwin ſhoulde be raiſed, whych was done, and the Towne brenned,Tervvin brēt. except the Cathedrall Churche and the Palaice. All the ordinaunce was ſent to Ayre to be kepte there to the kings vſe. After this, it was concluded that the kyng ſhuld lay ſiege to the citie of Tourney wherevppon hee ſet forwarde in three battayles,Kyng Henry [...]archethe on vvyth his army to beſiege Tervvin. the earle of Shrewſbury leadyng the vnward, the K. and the Emperour gouernyng the battaile and the Lord Chamberlayne following with the rerewarde. The firſte night they encamped beſide Ayre. Diuers Engliſhemen [...]arying behinde at Terwin for pillage, were ſurpriſed by the [...]chemen, whiche ſtewe [...] of them, [...]. The [...] how two [...]ed whom [...] wiye. The Kyng with his [...]ye [...] [...]warde Tour[...]. And by the [...] he [...] the young Prince of Caſtell,The Kyng goeth to Liſle to viſite the yong Prynce of Caſtill. [...] the Lady Marg[...] [...]ors of the [...] in the Towne of [...]i [...]ey, [...] his arm[...] [...] [...]vrdade in the fieldes [...] P[...]nt [...]nden.

There was appointed to attende the kyng vnto Liſley the Duke of Burtyngham, the Lorde Marques Dorſ[...], the Earle of Eſſex, and the Lorde Liſlie wyth dyuers other. Hee was receyued wyth all honour that myght bee deuiſed, and feaſted in moſte royall maner: he tarried there three dayes, and then he returned to his camp, which was lodged at that preſent in a cōuenient place betwixt Liſle and Tourney. The day after being the xxj. of Septēber he remoued his camp to a place within 3. miles of Tourney, and thither came to hym the Emperour, and the Palſegraue of the Rhine, which hadde bin with hym at Liſle,The Emperor and the Palſgraue of the Rhine came to the King in his campe. and there holpe to receyue hym. Hee cauſed firſte his horſemen to viewe the Towne, and the demeanor of them within, and after ſent Garter Kyng of armes to ſommon thē to yelde it ouer into his hands, to whom they made anſwere,Tourney ſommoned by Garter King of armes. that they receyued no Citie of the king of England to keepe, nor any would they render to hym, wyth whiche aunſwere he departed.

After this, he approched the Citie wyth hys whole army, and they of the citie iſſued forthe to proffer the ſkirmiſhe, but the Archers beate them backe. Alſo the carriage men that came with the Herbengers, ſaw where certaine wagons were entryng the Citie, vnto the whyche they ran, and tooke ſome of them. At this ſkirmiſhe the horſe of the Lorde Iohn Graye was ſlaine vnder hym as he came to defende the carriage men, but hee himſelfe had no hurte. The King with his battaile planted his ſiege on the North ſide the citie.Tourney beſieged by Kyng Henry. The Erle of Shrewſbury with the foreward lodged toward y^e South ſide of the riuer, and there lay that night. The Lorde Herbert, with the rerewarde encamped hymſelf on the Weſt ſide, and beate the walles and Towers of the citie with the greate ordeynaunce. The nexte daye after their commyng thither, being the three and twentithe of September, the Erle of Shrewſbury with the forewarde paſſed the riuer, and planted his ſiege on the South ſide the citie, ſtretching to the Eaſte ende, and bent hys ordeynaunce agaynſte the walles. And thus was the city of Tourney beſieged on all partes. On the .xxv. day of September the King receued letters from the earle of Surrey wyth the Scottiſhe Kings gantlet, wherby he was certified of the ſlaughter of the ſaide King, and howe all thyngs hadde bene handled at the battayle of Floddon, whereof hereafter yee ſhall finde further mention. The King thanked God of the newes, and highely commended the prowes of the Earle, and other the captaines: Howbeit he had a ſecrete letter, that Cheſſhiremen and other fledde from Syr Edmunde Howard in the battaile, which letter cauſed greate harteburnyng, and many wordes, but the King tooke all thyngs in good parte, and would that no man ſhoulde be diſpraiſed. On the .xxvj. day fiers were made in the hoſte, in token of that victorye agaynſt the Scottes, and on the .xxvij. day being Tewſdaye, Maſſe was ſong by them of the Kyngs Chappell wyth Te Deum, and the Byſhop of Rocheſter made a ſermon, declaryng the death of the King of Scottes, and lamentyng hys euill happe, and periurie: But now to our purpoſe of the ſiege of Tourney. The citizēs within did valiantly defende themſelues: though at the firſte they were maruailouſlye amazed. They diſpatched a meſſenger to the Frenche King for ſuccour, but in fine, when they ſawe themſelues enuironed on eche ſide, and perceyued in what danger they ſtood if they ſholde be ouercome by force of aſſault, they concluded to yelde the Citie vnto the Kyng of Englande, and ſo gettyng a ſafeconduit, the prouoſte, and a xj. other of the chiefe citizens came forth, and firſt talking with the kings counſel, were after brought to his Maieſties preſence, and ſurrendred the Citie into hys handes, [...]ey yel [...] vp vnto King Henry. requiryng hys grace to receyue the ſame, ſo as all their auncient lawes, cuſtomes, liberties, and franchiſes, might remaine to them in ſuche ſorte and maner, as they had vſed the ſame vnder other Princes, and with that condytyon they were contented to become his vaſſals and ſubiectes. The Kyng remitted them to hys counſell, and ſo entring into the tent of counſell, the Tourneſines fell at a poynt to yeelde the Citie, and to paye .x.M.lb ſterlyng for the redemption of their liberties. [...] citizens Tourneye [...] ſub [...] to the K.Englande. The .xxix. daye of September the citizens came to the Kyng, where hee ſate in his tent, and were ſworne to hym, and ſo became his ſubiects. Then the king appointed the lords Liſle, Burguēny, & Willoughby to take poſſeſſion, which w^t .vj.M. men entred the citie, and tooke the market place & the walls, and ſearched the houſes for doubt of treaſon. And then maiſter Thomas Woulſy the kings Almoner called all the citizens before him, yong and olde, whom he ſwore to be true to the king of England, the number of them was .80. M. On Sunday the ſeconde of October, the king entred the Citie at Porte Fontayne in reiumphant wiſe. The ſame day the king made new Knightes, as Edwarde Guilforde: William Fitz William: Iohn Sauage: Iohn Daunſey: Iohn Hampden: William Tiler: Iohn Sharp: William Huſſie: Chriſtofer Garniſh: Edwarde Ferrers, and dyuers other. On Monday the .xj. of October,The Prince of Caſtell, and the D[...]heſſe of S[...]oy come to Tourney to king Henry. the king without the citie receiued the Prince of Caſtell, and the Lady Margaret, with manye other nobles of the lowe countryes, and them with greate honour broughte into the citie of Tourney. The noiſe went, that the Lord Liſle was a ſuter in way of mariage vnto the ſaide Lady Margaret, which was Dutcheſſe of Sauoy, & daughter to the Emperor Maximilian, which Emperour was departed from the king before this time with manye riche rewardes, and money borrowed. The prince of Caſtell, and the ſaide Lady Margaret remained in Tourney wyth the king for the ſpace of .x. dayes, duryng whiche time a great Iuſts was holdē on the .xviij. of October,Iuſts at Tourney. the king and the lord Liſle anſwering all cōmers. The .xx. daye of October the prince of Caſtell, & the Lady Margaret retourned to Liſle, with all their train highly rewarded to their great contentatiō. Whē all things were ſette in order, for the ſure keepyng of the citie of Tourney, the king betooke it to the gouernance of ſir Edward Poinings, the which kept it in good order and Iuſtice,Syr Edvvarde [...]gs made [...]rnour of Tourney. to his hyghe cōmendation and praiſe. After this the king, and all other, ſauyng ſuche as were appoynted to remaine with ſir Edward Poinings departed from Tourney the xx. day of October. The King and the noble men that were wyth hym made ſuch ſpede, that they were ſhortly at Calais, and on the .xxiiij. daye of October, the king tooke his ſhip, and came ouer the ſame day vnto Douer,The King retourneth into England. and from thence roade in poſte to Richemonde, where the Queene as then laye. Aboute the ſame ſeaſon a great mortalitie and death of people began in London, and in other places, ſo that much people died. Al this Winter the kings nauy kept the ſeas, and robbed & ſpoiled the Frenchemen on their owne coaſtes. But now I muſte returne to ſpeake of the doings in the North parts betwixt the Engliſhmen, and Scottes, whileſt the king was occupied in hys warres againſt France in the Sō mer of this yeare, as before is mentioned: Yee haue hearde how the king of Scottes ſent his letters vnto the king, as then lying at ſiege before Terrouāne, and what anſwer was made thereto by the king.

Immediatly vpon the ſendyng of thoſe hys Letters conteyning in effecte a defyance, the king of Scots aſſembled his people to inuade the Engliſhe confines: But before his whole power was come togyther,Lorde Humes entreth the bourders of Englande. the Lorde Humes that was lorde Chamberlaine of Scotland one day in Auguſte entred England with a .vij. or viij.M. men, and gettyng togyther a greate bootie of cattel, thought to haue returned therewith into his countrey. But as hee came to paſſe through a field ouergrowen with broome, called Mill fielde,Englyshmenne aſſaile the Scots. the Engliſhemen vnder the leadyng of Sir William Bulmer, and other valiant captaines, hauing with them not paſte a .M. ſouldiors being laide within that fielde in buſhementes, brake foorthe vppon hym: and though the Scots on foote defended themſelues right manfully, yet the Engliſhe archers ſhot ſo wholly togither,Scottes put to flight. that the Scots were conſtreyned to giue place.

There were of them ſlaine at thys bickering a fiue or ſixe hundrethe, and a foure hundrethe or more taken priſoners,Lorde Chamberlaine eſcapeth. the Lorde Chamberlayne hymſelfe eſcaped by flight, but his banner was taken.

This was called by the Scots the Ill road.The ill roade.

In the meane time was the whole power of Scotlande aſſembled, with the which king Iames approching to the borders, and comming to Norham Caſtell, laide ſiege thereto,Norham caſtel beſieged, hauyng there wyth hym an hundreth thouſand men. After he had beaten this caſtell with hys ordinaunce for the ſpace of ſixe dayes togyther the ſame was deliuered vp into his hande, for the Captaine was ſo liberall of his ſhotte,Norham caſtel deliuered. and powder, ſpendyng the ſame to freely before he had cauſe ſo to do, that when it ſhoulde haue ſtande hym in ſteede, he had none lefte to ayde hym, ſo that in the ende hee yelded hymſelfe without more reſiſtaunce.

The Earle of Surrey li[...]etenaunn of the Northe preyſeth an army.In whiche meane time, the Earle of Surrey being liuetenaunt of the Northe partes of Englande, in abſence of king Henry, had giuen order to aſſemble a power of a .xxvj.M. men, and comming to Alnewicke the thirde of September being Satterday, tarryed there all the nexte day till the whole number of his people were come, whyche by reaſon of the foule way were ſtayed, and could not come forward with ſuch ſpeede as was apointed.The Lorde Admirall [...]yneth vvyth the Earle of Surrey his father. This fourth day of September then being Sunday, his ſon the Lorde Admirall with a .M. ſouldiours, and able men of warre, whiche had bin at ſea, came to his father, wherof he greatly reioyced for the great wiſedom, manhood, & experience, which he knewe to be in hym.

The Lord Hovvarde Admirall Capitayne of the vauvvarde.Then the Earle, and hys counſell wyth greate deliberation appointed his battailes in order, wyth wings, and wyth horſmen neceſſarie. Firſte of the forewarde was ordayned Capitayne the Lorde Howarde Admirall of England, aſwell with ſuch as came with him from the Sea, as others.

Fyrſte the Lorde Clyfforde: the Lorde Coniers: the Lord Latimer: the lord Scrope of Vpſall: the Lorde Ogle: the Lorde Lomley: Sir Nicholas Appliarde Maiſter of the ordinaunce: ſir Stephan Bull: ſir Henrye Shirborne: ſir Wyllyam Sidney: ſir Edwarde Echingham: ſir Wyllyam Bullmer, wyth the power of the Byſhoppricke of Durham: ſir Wyllyam Gaſcoygne: ſir Chriſtofer Warde: ſir Iohn Eueringham: ſir Thomas Metham: ſir Walter Griffith, and many other: Of the wyng on the ryght hande of the forewarde was Capitayne ſir Edmunde Howarde Knyght Marſhall of the hoſte, and with him Brian Tunſtall: Rauſe Brearton: Io. Laurence: Rich. Bold, eſquiers: ſir Iohn Bothe: ſir Thomas Butler Knyghtes: Richarde Done: Iohn Bigod: Thomas Fitz Wyllyam: Iohn Claruys: Bryan Stapulton: Roberte Warcoppe: Richard Cholmley, with the men of Hulle, and the Kings tenauntes of Hatfielde, and other. Of the wyng on the lefte hande was capitayne ſir Marmaduke Conneſtable with his ſonnes and kinſemen: ſir Wyllyam Percye, and of Lancaſhire a thouſande men.

Of the rerewarde was capitayne the earle of Surrey hymſelfe, and with hym the Lorde Scrope of Bolton, ſir Phillyppe Tiiney, ſir George Darcy, ſir Thomas Berkely, ſir Iohn Rocliffe, ſir Chriſtofer Pikeryng, Richarde Tempeſte, ſir Iohn Stanley with the Biſhop of Elies ſeruauntes, ſir Bryan Stapulton, Lionell Percye, with the Abbot of Whithies tenauntes, Chriſtofer Clapham, ſir William Gaſcoygne the yonger, ſir Guy Dawney, Maiſter Magnus, Maiſter Dalbies ſeruants, ſir Iohn Normanuile, the Citizens of Yorke, ſir Ninian Markanuile, ſir Iohn Willoughby, with other. Of the wing on the right hand was capitaine the Lorde Dacres with his power. Of the lefte hande wing was captayne ſir Edward Stanley Knyght with the reſidue of the power of the twoo countyes Palantine of Cheſter and Lancaſter.

Thus was the hoſte appointed and deuided into Wardes and wynges at the firſte, thoughe afterwarde vppon occaſion, this order was ſomewhat altered. And nowe that euery man knew what to do, the Erle of Surrey commyng wyth hys power towardes the place where hee thought to finde the Scottiſhe hoſte, hee was enformed howe King Iames being remoued a ſix miles from Norham,The ſtrength[...] of the place vvhere Kyng Iames lay encamped called Flodden. lay embattailed vppon a greate mountaine called Flodden, a place of ſuche ſtrengthe, as it was not poſſible for the Engliſhmen to come neare hym, but to their greate diſaduantage: for at the foote of the ſame hill on the lefte hand, there was a great mariſhe grounde full of reed and water. On the ryght hande it was defended with a riuer called Til, the courſe whereof being ſo ſwifte, and the chanell in ſome places to deepe, that it myght not conuenientlye bee paſſed.

On the backe halfe there were ſuch craggy rockes and thicke woods, that it was not poſſible to aſſayle hym to anye aduauntage that way forthe. And on the fore parte of the campe where Nature hadde lefte an eaſye entry for men to come to the ſame, all his ordinaunce was planted alofte vpon the ſides of ſuch trenches, as hee had cauſed to bee caſte for defence on that parte.

The Earle of Surrey herevppon, conſydering with hymſelf that onleſſe he might deuiſe ſome policie to cauſe the Scottiſhe armye to diſcend the hil, it wer not poſſible for him to accompliſh his deſire, he calling about him his counſell,An Herraulte ſente from the earle of Surrey to King Iames. and with them taking aduice in this point, at length it was cōcluded & determined among other things, to ſend Rouge Croſſe, Purſeuaunt of armes, wyth a trumpet to the Kyng of Scottes, wyth a Meſſage and certain Inſtructions, whych in ſubſtance was to ſhewe and declare vnto the ſayde Kyng of Scottes, that where hee contrarye vnto hys othe and league, and vnnaturallye agaynſt all reaſon and conſcience, hadde entred, and inuaded this his brothers Realme of England, and done greate hurte to the ſame, in caſtyng downe Caſtels, Towers, and houſes, brenning, ſpoyling, and deſtroying the ſame, and cruelly murthering the Kyng of England his brothers ſubiectes, he the ſayde Earle woulde bee readie to trie the rightfulneſſe of the matter with the king in battayle, by Friday next comming at the fartheſt, if he of his noble courage would giue him tarying and abode. And the ſame, the ſaid Earle promiſed, as he was a true Knight to God, and the Kyng of Englande hys maiſter.The Lorde Admirals [...]eſſage to the K. of Scottes And before Rouge Croſſe ſhould departe with the ſayde inſtructions, the Lorde Admirall gaue him in credence to ſhewe the ſayde Kyng of his comming, and parte of hys companye from the Sea with him, and that hee had ſoughte the Scottiſhe nauie then beeing on the Sea, but hee coulde not meete with them, bycauſe they were fledde into Fraunce by the coaſt of Ireland.

And in as muche as the ſayde Kyng, hadde diuers and many times cauſed the ſayde Lorde, to bee called at dayes of truce, to make redreſſe for Andrewe Barton,Andrewe Barton. a Pirate of the Sea, long before that, vanquiſhed by the ſame Lorde Admirall, hee was nowe come in hys owne proper perſon, to be in the vantgard of the field, to iuſtifie the death of the ſayde Andrew againſt hym, and all hys people, and woulde ſee what coulde be layde to hys charge the ſayde day, and that he nor none of his company ſhould take no Scottiſhe noble man priſoner, nor any other, but they ſhould dye if they came in his daunger, vnleſſe it were the Kings owne perſon, for hee ſayde, hee truſted to none other curteſſe at the hands of the Scottes.

And in thys manner, hee ſhould finde hym in the vantgard of the fielde, by the grace of God, and Sainte George, as he was a true Knight.

Yet before the departing of Rouge Croſſe, with the ſayde inſtructions and credence it was thought by the Earle and his counſayle, that the ſayde King woulde fayne and imagine ſome other meſſage, to ſend an Herrault of his with the ſame, onely to view and ouerſee the manner and order of the Kyngs royall army, ordinance, and artillerie, then beeing with the Earle, whereby myghte haue enſued greate daunger to the ſame, [...] good [...]o [...]e. and for the eſchuing thereof, hee hadde in commaundemente, that if anye ſuche meſſage were ſente, not to bryng any perſon commyng therewith within three or two mile of the fielde at the nigheſt, where the ſayde Earle woulde come, and heare what hee woulde ſaye. And thus departed Rouge Croſſe, with hys Trumpette, apparrelled in hys coate of armes.

On Monday, the fifth daye of September, the Earle tooke hys fielde at Bolton in Glendale, as he hadde appoynted, where all the noble men and Gentlemen mette hym with their retinues, to the number of ſixe and twentie thouſande menne.

And about midnight nexte enſuing, came the Trumpette, whiche wente to Rouge Croſſe and declared howe the Kyng of Scottes, after the meſſage done to hym by Rouge Croſſe, accordyng to hys inſtructions, the ſayde Kyng deteyned hym, and ſente one Ilay a Herrault of hys with hym vnto the Earle, to declare to hym the Kyngs pleaſure, to whome the Earle ſente Yorke Herraulte at armes, to accompanye the ſayde Ilay, at a Village called Milo, two myles from the fielde, vntyll the commyng thyther of the ſayde Earle the nexte morrow.

The ſixthe daye of September, earely in the morning, the Earle accompanied with the moſt parte of the Lordes, Knightes, and Gentlemen of the fielde, euery man hauing with him but one ſeruaunte to holde hys Horſe, rode to the place, and ſo the ſayde Herrault mette with the Earle, and with blunte reuerence, declared to him, that hee was come from hys maiſter the Kyng of Scottes, whiche woulde knowe, whether the Earle ſente any ſuch meſſage by Rouge Croſſe, the Earle iuſtifyed the ſame, ſaying further, that Rouge Croſſe, hadde the ſame meſſage of hym in writing, ſigned with his owne hand, wherevnto, the ſaide Ilay ſayde. As to the abydyng for battayle betweene that and Friday, then nexte following, the Kyng hys maiſter bade hym ſhewe to the Earle, that hee was as welcome, as anye noble man of Englande, vnto the ſayde Kyng, and that if hee hadde beene at home in hys Towne of Edenburgh, there receyuing ſuche a meſſage from the ſaide Earle, hee woulde gladly haue come, and fulfilled the ſayde Earles deſire.

And the Herrault aſſured the Earle, on the Kyng hys maiſters behalfe, that the ſame kyng would abyde hym battaile at the daye prefixed, whereof the ſayde Earle was right ioyous, and muche praiſed the honorable agreemente of the ſaid royall King, and eſteemed the ſame to proceede of an high and noble courage, promiſing the Herrault, that he and good ſuretie with hym ſhould be bounde in tenne thouſande pound ſterling, to keepe the ſayde day appoynted, ſo that the Kyng woulde fynde an Earle of hys, and thereto a good ſuretie wyth hym to bee bounde in lyke ſumme, for the performaunce of the ſame.

And furthermore, the Erle bade the Herrault to ſaye vnto hys maiſter, that if hee for hys parte kepte not his appoyntmente,Baffulling what it is. then he was contente that the Scottes ſhoulde Baffull him, whiche is a greate reproch among the Scottes, and is vſed, when a man is openly periured, and then they make of him an Image, painted, reuerſed, with hys heeles vpwarde, with hys [...]ame, wondering, crying, and blowing out on him with hornes, in the moſt deſpitefull maner they can, in token that hee is worthie to bee exiled the companye of all good creatures.

Thē Ilay deliuered to the Erle a little ſcedule, written with the Kings Secretaries hande vnſigned, the tenor whereof followeth.

AS to the cauſes alledged of oure commyng into Englande agayne our band and promiſe (as is alledged) thereto we aunſwere, oure brother was bounde als farre to vs, as wee to him. And when wee ſware laſt before his Ambaſſador, in preſence of our counſaile, we expreſſed ſpeciallie in an othe, that wee would keepe to oure brother, if oure brother kepte to vs, and not elſe: wee ſweare oure brother brake firſte to vs, and ſith his breake, wee haue required dyuers tymes hym to amende, and lately, we warned our brother as hee did not vs, or hee brake, and thys we take for oure quarrell, and with Gods grace, ſhall defende the ſame at youre affixed tyme, whyche with Goddes grace wee ſhall abyde.

And for aſmuche as the King kepte Rougecroſſe with hym, who was not yet returned, the ſame Earle cauſed the ſame Ilay to bee in the keeping of Sir Humfrey Liſle, and Yorke Herrauld in the ſame village, vntill the time that a ſeruaunte of the ſame Ilay, myghte ryde in all haſt to the Kyng of Scottes, for the deliuering of the ſayde Rougecroſſe.

Then the Erle ioyous of the Kings anſwer, returned to hys campe, and ſette forwarde fyue mile, to a place called Woller Haugh, in ſuche order of battaile, as euen then hee ſhoulde haue ſoughte, and there lodged for that nighte, three little miles from the King of Scottes. And betweene the Kyng and hym, was a goodly and large corne fielde, called Milfield, whiche was a conueniente and faire grounde for two hoſtes to fighte on: there eyther hoſt myghte perceyue other.

The Erles deſire was, to procure the Scottes to diſcend the hill into ſome euen ground, where he mighte fighte with them, without diſaduauntage of place.

But the King, though he had a great deſire to fight, yet vppon diuers conſiderations, by aduice of his counſayle, hee ſtill kept his ground, & ment not to remoue at al out of his ſtrenght, wherevppon, the Earle of Surrey not able long to continue in ſuche groundes of diſaduantage, by reaſon of myres, and matriſhes, amongſt the which he was lodged with hys army, that was almoſt famiſhed for lacke of ſufficient victuals, whyche coulde not bee recouered in ſuch a barren Countrey, determined to ſeeke all wayes poſſible, if hee mighte conſtreyne the Scottiſhe King to come downe beſide the hill. Hee therefore cryſed hys camp, and leauing his enimies on the left hand,The Earle of Surrey remoueth his ca[...] ouer the water of Till. and paſſing ouer the water of Till, he drew into a more commodious ground, at the end of Barmore wood, to the end he mighte refreſh hys ſoldiers ſomewhat heereby, after they had bin toyled for the ſpace of three dayes togither, in claggie mires, and foule filthy wayes, to their greate diſeaſe and wearineſſe.

The Earle of Surrey beeing thus lodged, the water of Till ran betwixte the two campes of Scottes and Engliſhmenne, deuiding them in ſunder, and ſtill by reaſon the one was within the ſhotte of a culuering of the other, they ceaſſed not to beſtowe ſhotte and pouder, either at other, though without doyng anye greate hurt at all.

For the Engliſh camp on that parte, whyche lay towarde the Scottes, was couered with an hill, riſing from the hither banke of Til water, with an eaſie ſtepeneſſe, to the heigth of a miles, ſpace or thereaboutes.

Thomas Lord Howarde,The Lord Howard taketh view of the Scottiſh army. ſonne and heire to the Earle of Surrey, from the toppe of thys hill beholding all the Countrey on euery ſide aboute him, declareth to his father, that if hee did eftſoones remoue his camp, and paſſe the water of Till agayne in ſome place a little aboue, and by fetching a ſmall compaſſe come and ſhew himſelfe on the backe halfe of hys enimies, the Scottiſhe King ſhoulde eyther bee enforced to come downe forth of his ſtrength, and giue battaile, or elſe bee ſtopped from receiuing victuals, or anye other things out of Scotland.

The Earle of Surrey deſirous of nothing ſo much as to ioyne with the Scottes in battayle, after hee vnderſtoode that hys ſonne had enformed him nothing but trueth, he reyſed hys field,The Earle of Surrey returneth agayne ouer the [...] o[...] Till. and marching a three myles vpward, by the ryuer ſide, paſſed ouer his army in two partes at two ſeuerall bridges, all at one time.

King Iames when hee ſaw this manner of hys enimies, and perceiuing what theyr meaning was, by coniecture of theyr doyngs, thought it ſtoode not with his honor to ſitte ſtill, and ſuffer hymſelfe to bee foreſtalled forthe of hys owne Realme: and againe, that it might ſore deminiſhe the opinion of his princely power, if hee ſeemed to remaine, as it were, beſieged within a fortreſſe, hauing more confidence in ſtrength of the place, than in the manhood of his people: wherevpon immediately, he reyſed hys campe, gat an hill, which he doubted leaſt the enimie ſhould haue taken before him. But by ſuch diligence as he vſed, and by reaſon of the great [...] a[...]e whyche was reyſed and for[...]dde, ouer all the countrey by bre[...]nyng of the litter and cabaues wherin the Scottes hadde lodged, purpoſely ſette on fyre to the ſame intente, hee was gotte to the place whyther hee intended, before the Engliſhe w[...]nne knowe for anye certainetie that hee was diſlodged, thoughe they were as then within myle of hym.

Thus Kyng Iames keepyng the toppes of the hylles, the Earle of Surrey, with the Engliſhe Armye came to the foote of the ſame hylles, and ſtaying there a whyyle, for ſo much as he ſawe howe the hylle to the whyche the Scottes were gotten, was neyther ſtiepe nor harde to aſcende, hee determined to mount the ſame, and to fyght wyth the Scottiſhe hoſte ere they ſhoulde haue leyſure to fortifie theyr campe.

And heerewyth callyng his people togyther, hee made vnto them a briefe Oration, eclaryng vnto them both what neceſſitie there was for them to ſhew their manhod, and what iuſt cauſes they had alſo to fyght agaynſt thoſe enemies, that againſt both the Lawes of God and man had moſt cruelly inuaded the realm of Englande, in the quarell of a Sciſmatik, and one that was accur[...]ed and excommunicate by the cenſures of the Churche.

The Engliſhemen kyndeled wyth deſire to fighte, the more thorough thoſe wordes of the Earle, required incontinently to be led forthe againſt the Scottes, that they might ſhew what earneſt willes they had to bee reuenged, not only of newe receyued wrongs, but alſo of aunciente iniuries, for there ſhoulde neyther heyghte of hill, nor any other obſtacle, hinder them, but they woulde eyther returne with victory, or elſe loſe theyr liues in the payne.

The Earle of Surrey conceyued no ſmall hope of victorie in this chearefull readyneſſe of hys ſouldiours,The ordering of the engliſhmen. and therevpon with all ſpeede (as the occaſyon then moued hym at that inſtant) deuided his army into three battailes, or rather foure, vnto the vauntgarde wherof, the Lorde Howarde was capitayne, his brother ſir Edmunde Howard was ioyned as a wing, the Earle hymſelfe ledde the middle warde, and the rerewarde was guyded by Sir Edwarde Stanleye, afterwardes created Lorde Montegle.

The L. Dacres with a number of horſemen was ſette a parte by hymſelfe to ſuccor where neede ſhould ſeme to appeare. The ordinance was [...] in the frunte of theſe battayles, and [...] places betweene, as was thoughte expedient.

In this order, forward they make with [...] only co[...]ages towardes the Scottes a good marching [...]ce.

In the meane time, King Iames [...] [...]ng all the demeanour of the Engliſhmen, from the height of the hill, thoughte with himſelfe, that there was offered him that dayle a goodly occaſion of victory, if he might [...] to fight with the enimies [...] aduantage of place and number, and [...] beyng haſtned forward thorough the [...]ble force of deſtiny, or [...]hir Gods ordinance, he commaunded his ſtande [...] to bre[...]yſed and ſpred, and euery man to reſort to hys appoynted place, that they myghte forthwith encounter the enimies that preſumed thus to ſeeke battaile, and herewith toruing hym to the Lords and Captaines that ſtoode aboute him, hee ſpake vnto them manye comfortable wordes touchyng the occaſion offered them at that preſente to gayne bothe a famous victorye, and to reuenge ſo many folde iniuries and diſpleaſures as they hadde ſuſteined dyuers ways forthe at the Engliſh [...]es hands.

Hee had vnneth made an ende of his ta[...] but the ſoldiers with great noyſe and clamor [...]yed forward, vpon them, ſhaking their weapons, in ſigne of an earneſt deſire they had, as then they ſhewed, to buecle with the Engliſhmen. Whervpon, without delay,King Iames and al the reſt alight from horſebacke. King Iames putting hys horſe from him, al other as wel nobles as [...]ane men, did the like, that the daunger beeing [...]ll, as well to the greateſt as to the meaneſt, and all hope of ſuccour taken away, whiche was to bee looked for by flight, they might be the more willing to ſhew their manhoode, ſith their ſafegarde onely reſted in the edges and poyntes of theyr weapons.

Then was the whole army deuided into fiue wards or regiments;The order of the Scottiſhe hoſte. to this intent that the battaile wherein the King himſelfe ſtoode with hys ſtandert, might be encloſed as it were with two wings, on eyther ſide one.

In the righte wing, the Earles of Huntley, Craforde, and Montroſe, were placed as chiefe leaders thereof, and in the lefte were the Earles of Lenox, and A[...]gile, with the Lorde Hume, Lord Chamberlaine of Scotland, being men of great ſkill in warlike affaires as was reported.

Moreouer, in euery bande (almoſte generally thoroughout) there was a knyght appointed for Captayne and guyder,Frenche capitaynes in the Scottiſh hoſt. and amongeſt them certain French capitayns, the whiche king Lewes hadde ſent ouer into Scotland lately before, to trayne the Scottes in the pr[...]diſe of warres.

The ordinance was lodged in places moſt conueniente, though by reaſon they marched downe the hill, theyr ſhotte dyd ſmall domage to the Engliſhmen comming vpwards towardes them, and yet they beſtowed it freſhly on eyther ſide one at another.

The battaile is begun.And herewith ſir Edmond Howard with his wing, was got vp on the hill ſide, with whome the Lorde Hande, and the two fore ſayde Earles of Lenor and Argile encountred with ſuche violence, that this battaile of Scottes with ſpeares on foote on that parte, beate downe and broke that wing of the Engliſhmen, in ſuch wiſe, that Sir Edmond Howard was in manner lefte alone, and felled to the earth, that had not baſterd Heron come to his ſuccours at that inſtant, hee hadde bin flayne there without all remedy.

And on the other [...]e, the Lord De[...], watching to ayde where neede appearde,Thus hathe Iouius, although Hall ſaith, that the Lord Dacres ſtood ſtill all day vnfoughten with. came in on the ſydes of the Scottes, and g[...]e a charge on them with his Horſemen, whereby Sir Edmond Howarde [...]ing ſomewhat [...]ed, eſ[...] ped to the Engliſh dauntgard, which was [...] as before is mentioned by his brother the Lorde Howard who beyng nowe alſo got aloſ[...] on the hill, preſſed ſtill forwarde to re[...]e the battayle, and to ſuccoure thoſe whome he ſawe part to the worſe, ſo that thereby they tooke new courages, and layd about them agayne.

Herewith the Erles of Crawfort and Montros came with their battaile of Speares alſo on foot, and encountring with the ſayde Lorde Howarde after ſore ſighte on both ſides continued with more malicious hatred than force of the parties, both the ſayde Earles were ſlayne,The Scottes put to the worſe in the right wing. beſydes a greate number of other, the whole battayle whyche they ledde, beyng put to flyghte, and chaſed out of the field.

On the left hande at the ſame inſtant, ſir Edward Stanley hauing begon to encounter with the Scottes on that ſyde, forced them to come downe into a more euen grounde, and broughte to that pointe with ſuche inceſſaunt ſhot of arrowes, as his archers beſtowed amongeſt them, that to auoyde the daunger of that ſore & ſharpe ſtorme, the Scottes were conſtrained to breake their arraye, and to fyghte not cloſed together in order of battayle, but in ſunder, one ſeparated from an other, ſo that their ſtanderdes beganne to ſhrynke here and there: Whiche thing when ſir Edward Stanley perceyued, foorthwith bringing about three bandes, which he had kepte in ſtore for ſuche lyke purpoſe, he inuaded the open ſydes of his enimies by a freſhe onſette, and put them in ſuche diſorder, that they were not able anye longer to abyde the violence of the Engliſhemenne myghtyly prea[...]yng vppon them, ſo that taking themſelues to flighte, and renning headlong downe the ſtiepe diſſente of the mountayne, they eſcaped to the wooddes,The left wing of the Scottes is diſcom[...]d and there ſaued them ſelues, but the Earles of Argyle and Lenox, doing what they coulde to ſtay their people from renning away, were ſlayne in the ſame place.

In the meane tyme, the Kyng who a little before hadde ioyned wyth the Earle of Surrey, perceyuing that the wings of his battaile were diſtreſſed, and that his enimyes began to encloſe him on eche ſyde, he baſhed nothing at the matter, but wyth aſſured countenaunce, exhorted thoſe that were aboute him to ſticke to him, and to remember their worthy aunceſtours, in committing nothing that mighte any wayes forth ſound to their reproche.

And herewith, ruſhing forthe vppon his enimies, a newe battaile more egre than the fyrſte began to ariſe, [...] fight. for that battaile beeing well appoynted and armed, paſſed little for the Engliſh mens arrowes, in ſo muche, that perſing the Earles battayle, they entred well neere ſo farre within the ſame, that they were at poynte to haue ouerthrowen his ſtandertes.

There were on eyther parte a number of tall mens bodies, choſen forth of purpoſe by the captaynes, for the good opinion conceyued of theyr hardy valiancie, and the battaile betwixte them ſeemed long time doubtfull and variable, nowe one while fauourable to the one parre, and an other while to the other.

The King [...]eth him [...] right [...]ly.The King himſelfe on foote euen in the foremoſt ranke, fought right valiantly, encouraging hys people, as well by example as exhortation, to do their deuoires.

Neyther did the Earle of Surrey for hys part fayle in the duetie of a righte worthy generall, but whileſt the battaile was thus foughted in moſt earneſt maner about the ſtanderts with doubtfull chance of victory, the Lorde Howarde and ſir Edward Stanley hauing vanquiſhed the enimies in eyther wing, returned to the middlewarde, and finding them there thus occupyed, they ſet on, in two partes ſeuerally, with greate violence, and at the ſame time, the Lord Dacres came with his horſemen vpon the backes of the Scottes, ſo that they beeyng thus aſſayled behinde and before, and on eyther ſyde, were conſtreyned (as enuironed about) to fight in a round compaſſe.

The ſtout ſtomacke of king Iames.King Iames as hee behelde Sir Adam Forman hys ſtandert bearer beaten downe, thought ſurely then, ther was no way for him but death, and that euen out of hand, wherefore to deliuer hymſelfe from ſuche deſpitefull reproche, as was like to followe, hee ruſhed forthe into the thickeſt preaſe of his enimies, and there fighting in moſt deſperate wiſe, [...]e is ſlayne. was beaten downe and ſlayne.

And a little beſide hym, there dyed with lyke obſtinate wilfulneſſe, or if yee liſt ſo to tearme it manhoode, diuers honorable Prelates, as the Archebyſhop of Sainte Andrewes, and two other Byſhops beſydes foure Abbots. Alſo, of Lords and Knightes of honor a ſixe and thirtie.

The battailes of Scottes [...]ght not, the g[...] the making on.The Lorde Hume and the Earle of Huntley got Horſes, and eſcaped away togither with certayne bandes, placed in two the hindermoſt wardes, whiche of all that daye, neuer came to handſtrokes, but ſtoode ſtill, and gaue the looking on.

Thus through the power of God, on Friday being the ninth of September, in the yeare .1513. was Iames, the fourth of that name, King of Scottes ſlayne at Bramxſton, and his armye diſcomfited by the Earle of Surrey, Lieutenant to Henry the eyght Kyng of Englande, whyche a little before hadde wanne the Towne of Turwan, and was then preparing to goe to beſiege Tourney.

There were ſlayne in thys battaile on the Scottiſh part, of all ſortes,Iouius. Hall. the number of eyght thouſande perſons at the leaſt, ſome ſaye twelue thouſand, beſide priſoners that were taken, as Sir William Scotte, Chancellor to the ſayde Kyng, and Sir Iohn Forman his ſergeaunte porter, with diuers other.

Alſo in manner, all the Scottiſhe enſignes were taken, and a two and twentie perces of greate ordinance, amongſt the whiche were ſeauen enlu[...]rings of a large a[...] ſife, and verye fayre peeces.

King Iames named them (for that they were in making one very lyke to an other) the ſeamen ſiſters.The ſeauen ſiſters.

Though the victory thus remayned with the Engliſhmen, yet they bought it deere, loſing no ſmall number of their people, as well of thoſe that were ſlayne in the fielde, as of other that were taken priſoners, for the Scottes foughte very ſtoutely, and gaue it not ouer for a little, in ſo muche, that there were ſlayne and taken about a fifteene hundred men,Hall. as appeared by the booke of wages, when the ſoldyers were payde.

Many Engliſhmen that followed ouer raſhly in chaſe of the Scottes, went to far, that they wiſt not whiche way to returne, and ſo were taken of the Scottes that were in the two battailes that wente away with cleere hands, and neuer fought.

Alſo, diuers were taken by the Lord Chamberlaine, whiche foughte with the wing of Sir Edmonde Howarde, and were caried away by hym and his company into Scotland, as Iohn Fitton Eſquier, and others. During the tyme of the fight, and the night after, manye Engliſhmen loſt their horſes, & ſuch ſtuffe as they left in their tents and pauilions, by the robbers of Tindale and Tiuidale.

When y^e field was done, and that the ſkoutes brought word y^t there was no more appearance of y^e Scots, but that they were all auoided and gone, the Erle gaue thankes to God, & called to him certaine Lordes and Gentlemen, and them made knights, as ſir Edmond Howard his ſon, the L. Scrope, ſir Wil. Percy, ſir Edw. Gorge, and diuers other. The Erle and the Lord Admiral, departed to Bermar wood, & there lodged that night, leauing ſir Philip Tilney knight & diuers other worthy captaines, with a conueniente power of men to keepe the place where the field had bin fought, for ſafegard of the ordinance.

The body of the King of Scottes was not foūd til the next day,The body of King Iames found. and then being founde and knowen by the Lord Dacres, there appeared in the ſame diuers deadly woundes, and eſpecially, one with an arrow, and an other with a bill.

The ſame day, there appeared ſome Scottes on an hill, but one William Blacknall that had the chiefe rule of the ordinaunce, cauſed ſuche a peale to be ſhot off at them, that the Scots fled, or elſe the L. Admiral, which was come to view the fielde, had bin in great daunger as was ſuppoſed: but now that the Scottes were fled, and withdrawen, all the ordinance was broughte in ſafetie to Eytil, and there remayned for a tyme. After that the Earle of Surrey had taken order in al things, and ſet the North parts in good quiet, he returned to the Queene with the dead body of the Scottiſh King cired.

When the King was returned into Englād from his conqueſt made in Fraunce of the Cities of Tirwine and Tourney, hee forgate not the good ſeruice of thoſe that hadde bin with the Erle of Surrey at the battaile of Bramxton, wherefore hee wrote to them hys louing letters with ſuch thankes and fauourable wordes, that euery man thought himſelfe well rewarded.

1514And on the day of the purification of our Lady, at Lambeth, the K. created the Erle of Surrey Duke of Norffolke, with an augmentation of the armes of Scotlande, & ſir Charles Brandon vicount Liſle, he created Duke of Suffolke, and the Lord Howard high Admirall, he created Earle of Surrey, and ſir Charles Sommerſet Lord Herbert his chief Chamberlaine, he created Erle of Worceſter: and after this, hee alſo made ſir Edward Stanley for his good ſeruice ſhewed at Bramxſton field, Lorde Mountaigle, and in Marche following, was maiſter Tho. Wolſey the Kings Almoner, conſecrate Byſhop of Lincolne.Wolſey deſcribed. This man was borne at Ypſwich, & was a good Philoſopher, very eloquent & ful of witte, but paſſingly ambitious, as by his doings it wel appeared. In y^e time of K. Henry the ſeauenth it was agreed betwixt the ſaid K. and Philip K. of Caſtile, that Charles, King Philips eldeſt ſon ſhoulde marrie the Lady Mary, daughter to the ſaid K. Henrye, with a dower to hir appoynted: but for want of ſufficiēt aſſurance of the dower, the reſt of the couenaunts were made voyd, and yet had the K. highly prouided for the ſending of hir ouer, now after his cōming from Tourney.

This yeare, the Citizens of London, finding themſelues greeued with the incloſures of y^e cō mon fields about Iſlington,Encloſures of the fields about London, caſt downe & ouerthrowē Horſton, Shordich & other places neere to the Cities, whereby they could not be ſuffered to exerciſe their bowes, nor other paſtimes in thoſe fields, as before time they had bin accuſtomed, aſſembled themſelues one morning, and wente with ſpades and ſhouels vnto the ſame fields, and there like diligēt workmen, ſo beſtirred themſelues, that within a ſhort ſpace, al the hedges about thoſe townes wer caſt downe, and the ditches filled. The kings counſaile comming to the grey Friers, to vnderſtand what was meant by this doing, were ſo anſwered by the Maior & counſaile of the citie, that the matter was diſſimuled, and ſo when the workemen hadde done their worke, they came home in quiet maner, & the fields were neuer after hedged.

In the moneth of May,An. reg. [...] the K. and the newe D. of Suffolke, were defenders at the tilte againſt al commers. At thoſe iuſtes were broken a C. and .14. ſpeares in a ſhort ſeaſon.A cap of m[...] tenance ſe[...] the king [...] the Pope. The ninetenth day of May, was receiued into London, & cap of maintenance, ſent from Pope Iuly, with a great company of nobles & Gentlemen, whych was preſented to the K. on the ſonday thē nexte enſuing, with great ſolemnitie in the Cathedrall Churche of S. Paule. About the ſame time, the warres yet continuing betwene Englande and France, Prior Iehan (of whome ye haue hearde before in the fourth yeare of this Kings raigne) greate Captaine of the Frenche nauie, with hys galeis & foiſtes, charged with great baſiliſks and other artillerie, came on the bordure of Suſſex in the nighte ſeaſon,Brighthelmſton in S[...] brent. at a poore village there called Brighthelmſton, & brente it, taking ſuche goodes as he found. But when people began to gather, by firing the beacons, Prior Iehan ſounded hys trumpet, to call his menne aboorde, and by that time it was day. Then certain archers that kept the watch, followed Prior Iehan to y^e ſea, & ſhot ſo faſt, y^t they bet the galey men from the ſhore, & wounded many in the foiſt, to the whiche Prior Iehan was cōſtreined to wade,Prior Ie[...] Captaine o[...] the French galleys, ſh[...] into the ey[...] with an arr[...] and was ſhot in the face with an arrow, ſo that he loſt one of hys eyes, & was like to haue died of the hurt, & therefore he offered his image of waxe before our Lady at Bulleine, with the Engliſhe arrow in the face, for a miracle. The L. Admiral offended w^t this proude parte of the french men, in makyng ſuch attempt on y^e Engliſh coaſtes, ſent ſir Iohn Wallop to the ſea with diuers ſhippes, whyche ſayling to the coaſts of Normandie, lāded there;Sir Iohn W[...] lop in Normandy. & brente .21. villages & townes, with diuers ſhips in y^e hauēs of Treaport, Staples, & other where. Men maruelled greatly at the manfull doyngs of ſir Iohn Wallop, conſidering he had not paſt an eight C. men, and tooke land there ſo often.

In Iune, Sir Tho. Louel was ſent ouer to Calais with ſixe hundred mē, to ſtrengthen that towne, & other the fortreſſes within the Engliſh pale, for doubt of any ſuddaine attempte to bee made by the Frenchmen, bycauſe Monf. de Pō tremie, with a mighty army & great ordinance, was come downe neere to Arde, howbeit, he tarried not long, but reiſed his camp within a while after his cōming thither, and returned without any more doing. The frēch K. perceiuing what loſſes he had ſuſteined by y^e warres againſt Englād, [...] French procu [...] the Pope [...] a mene [...]eace be [...] king [...] and [...]. and doubting leaſt one euil luck ſhould ſtill followe in the necke of an other, determined to make ſute for peace, and firſt agreing with Pope Leo, deſired him to bee a meane alſo for y^e procuring of ſome agreement betwixte him and the K. of England. Herevpō, the veſſell of amitie being firſt broched by the Popes letters, the french K. by an Herrault at armes ſent to the King of England, required of him a ſafeconduit for his Ambaſſadors, which ſhould come to entreate for a peace & atonement to be concluded betwixt thē and their realmes. Vpon grant obteined thereof, the french K. ſent a commiſſion with the preſidēt of Roan and others, to intreate of peace and aliance betwixte both the Princes. [...]age [...]ed. And moreouer, bycauſe they vnderſtood that the marriage was broken betweene the Prince of Caſtile and the Lady Mary, they deſired y^t the ſaid Lady might be ioyned in mariage with y^e french K. offering a great dower and ſureties for y^e ſame. So muche was offered, that the K. moued by his counſayle, & namely by the Biſhop of Lincolne Wolſey, conſented vpon condition, that if the French K. dyed, then ſhe ſhould if it ſtood with hir pleaſure, returne into England againe with al hir dower & riches. [...] con [...]e[...]. After that they were accorded vppon a ful peace, & that the french K. ſhould marrie thys yong Lady, the indentures were drawen, engroſſed, and ſealed, & peace therevpon proclaimed the ſeuenth day of Auguſt, & the K. in preſence of the french Ambaſſadors, was ſworne to keepe y^e ſame, & likewiſe there was an Ambaſſade ſente out of England to ſee the french King ſweare y^e ſame. [...]. The dower that was aſſigned vnto the bride to be receiued after hir huſbands deceaſſe if ſhe ſuruiued him, was named to be .32. crownes of yeerely reuennes & to be receiued out of certain lands aſſigned forth therefore during all hir naturall life. And moreouer, it was further agreed and couenanted, that the frenche K. ſhould content & pay yerely vnto K. Henry, during y^e ſpace of fiue yeres, the ſumme of one hundred thouſand crownes. By concluſion of this peace,The Ladie Mary affyed to K. Lewes of Fraunce. was the D. of Longuile with the other priſoners delyuered, paying their raunſoms, and the ſaid D. affyed the Lady Mary, in the name of his maiſter K. Lewes. In September following, the ſayde Lady was conueyd to Douer by the K. hir brother, and the Queene, and on the ſeconde day of October, ſhe was ſhipped, and ſuche as were appointed to giue their attendance on hir, as the Duke of Norffolke, the Marques Dorſet, the Biſhop of Durham, the Earle of Surrey, the L. de la Ware, the L. Berners, the Lord Montaigle, the four breethren of the ſaid Marques, ſir Maurice Barkeley, ſir Iohn Peche, ſir William Sandes, ſir Tho. Bulleyne, ſir Iohn Car, and many other knightes, Eſquiers, Gentlemen and Ladyes. They had not ſailed paſt a quarter of the Sea, but that the wind aroſe, and ſeuered the ſhippes, driuing ſome of them to Calais, ſome into Flanders, and hir ſhippe with great difficultie was brought to Bulleyne, not without great ieoperdie at the entring of the hauen, for the maſter ranne the ſhip hard on ſhore, but the boates wer ready, & receiued y^e Lady out of the ſhip, & ſir Chriſtopher Garniſh ſtood in the water and toke hir in his armes, & ſo caried hir to land, wher the D. of Vandoſme, & a Cardinall, with many other great eſtates, receiued hir with great honor.The mariage ſolemnized betwene the French king, and the Lady Mary, ſiſter to King Henrye. From Bullein with eaſie iourneys ſhe was cō ueid vnto Abuile, and there entred the eyghth of October, and the morrow following being Mō day, and S. Deniſe daye, the mariage was ſolemniſed betwixte the French King, & the ſayde Lady, with all honour, ioy, and royaltie.

When the feaſt was ended, the Engliſh lords returned with great rewards back into Englād.

Before their departure from Abuile, the Dolphin of France, Francis Duke of Valoys, cauſed a ſolemne Iuſtes to be proclaymed,Solemne iuſtes proclaymed at Paris. whyche ſhould be kept at Paris in the moneth of Nouē ber next enſuing, the ſaid Dolphin with his nine aydes to aunſwere all commers, being Gentlemen of name and armes.

When this Proclamation was reported in England, by the noble men that returned from the marriage, the D. of Suffolke, the Marques Dorſet, and his four breethren, the Lord Clintō, Sir Edwarde Neuill, Sir Giles Capell, Tho. Cheinie, and other, got licence of the K. to goe ouer to this chalenge, and therevpon, preparyng themſelues for the purpoſe, departed towarde Fraunce, and did ſo much by iourney, that they came to Paris about the later ende of October, and were hartily welcome to the King & Dolphin, but moſt of al to the french Queene, which then lay at S. Deniſe, and was not yet crowned, nor entred into Paris.

The Dolphin deſired the Duke of Suffolke, and the Lord Marques Dorſet, to be two of his immediate aydes, which thereto gladly aſſented.

In the meane time, whileſt all thyngs were a preparing for the Iuſtes, the fifth of Nouember,The Coronation of the french Quene. being Sonday, the Queene was Crowned with greate ſolemnitie in the Monaſterie of S. Deniſe.

And on the morrow following, the ſayde Q. was receyued into the Citie of Paris, with all honour that might be deuiſed.

On y^e ſeuenth day of October, being Tewſday, began the Iuſtes, which cōtinued the ſpace of three dayes, in the whiche were aunſwered three hundred and fiue men of armes, and euery man ranne fyue courſes with ſharp ſpeares.

The Engliſhe Lordes and Knightes did as well as the beſt, not only in the iuſtes, but alſo at the iourney and barriers, namely, the Duke of Suffolke, the Marques Dorſet, and his brother, that worthy yong Gentleman the Lorde Edward Gray.

When all the greate triumph was done, the Lordes of England tooke theyr leaue, and were highly thanked of the king, the Queene, y^e Dolphin, and all the Lordes, and ſo departed, and came into England before Chriſtmas.

In this meane time, that is to ſaye, in Nouember, the Queene of Englande was deliuered of a Prince, whych lyued not long after.

Richard Hun hanged in Lollards towerIn December, one Rychard Hun a merchāt Taylor of London, that was layd in Lollardes Tower by commaundemente of the Byſhop of London, called Richarde Fitz Iames, and hys Chancellor, Doctor Horſey, was founde dead, hanging by the necke in a girdle of ſilke within the ſaid Tower. That ye may vnderſtande the cauſe of his empriſonmente, the beginning was this. The ſame Hun had a child that dyed in his houſe, being an infant, the curate claymed y^e bearing ſheete for a mortuarie, Hun aunſwered, y^t the infant had no propertie in the ſheete. Whervpon, the prieſt aſcited him in the ſpiritual court. He taking to him counſaile, ſued the Curate in a premunire, and when this was knowen, meanes was found, that Hun beeing accuſed of Hereſie, was attached, & laid in Lollards tower, wher he was founde dead, as ye haue heard. Muche adoe was made about his death, for the Byſhop & the Chancellor ſaid, that he hanged himſelf, but many of the temporalty affirmed, that he was murthered, greatly lamenting y^e caſe, for he was wel beloued, & namely of y^e pore, whiche cryed out againſt thē that were ſuſpected to haue made him away. He was a good almes man, and greately relieued the needy. The queſtiō of his death was ſo farre put forth, that vpō the ſuſpitiō he ſhould be murthered, twelue men were charged before y^e coroner. After they had taken view of the body, y^e ſame was brēned in Smithfield by the byſhops apointment, notwithſtāding the coroners queſt indited doctor Horſey, with one Io. Spalding, otherwiſe called belringer, & Charles Ioſeph the ſomnar of the murthered, howbeit, vpon his arreignement, through great ſuite, and corruption of money, as many iudged, the Kings attorney declared Doctor Horſey not to be giltie.

The thyrd day of February,1515 the King made a ſolemne iuſtes at Weſtminſter, [...]uſte at Weſtminſter. where hee and the Lord Marques Dorſet tooke vpon them to anſwer all commers, and ſo did, acquiting themſelues right worthily.

This yeare alſo, was a Parliamente called, whiche began the fifth of October, and helde tyll Eaſter, in the which, diuers actes were made, as y^e acte of apparell, and that of labourers, with other. Alſo in this Parliament, were diuers ſubſedyes graunted to the King, toward his greate coſtes and charges that hee hadde ſuſteyned by his voyage into Fraunce, and his other warres.

This yeare dyed at Roane by poiſon as was reported, the Archbyſhop of Yorke,Doctor Benbrick Archbyſhop of York[...] is empoyſoned at Roane and Cardinall called Doctor Benbricke, whiche was the Kings Ambaſſador there. This was a wyſe man, and of a iolly courage. Then was the Biſhop of Lincolne preferred to the Archebyſhopricke of Yorke, who in that ſeaſon bare al y^e rule about the King, ſo that what he ſayd, was obeyed in all places.

The firſt day of Ianuary,The deathe [...] the French [...] the Frenche Kyng departed this life, after he had bin married to the Lady Mary of Englande, the tearme onely of foureſcore and two dayes.

The king of England being therof aduertiſed, cauſed a ſolemne obſequie to bee kept for him in the Cathedrall Church of Saint Paule, wyth a coſtly hearſe. At the whiche many nobles were preſent.

After this hee ſent a letter to comfort the Q. his Syſter, requyring to knowe hir pleaſure, whether ſhee woulde continue ſtill in Fraunce, or returne into England. And when he was aduertiſed of hir minde, which was to returne into Englād,The Duke of Suffolke and others ſente [...]e Fraunce [...] bring the [...]ch Queene [...] England. the duke of Suffolk, ſir Richard Wingfield deputie of Calais, and Doctor Weſt, with a goodly bande of Gentlemen, and yeomen all in blacke, were ſent into Fraunce, and comming to Paris, were well receyued of the newe Frenche king Fraunces the firſt of that name, to whome they declared the effect of their commiſſion, which was to receyue the Queene Dowager, according to the couenants of the mariage.

The counſaile of Fraunce by the kings appoyntment, aſſigned fourth hir dower, and the Duke of Suffolke put in officers,The Duke of Suffolke win [...] the good will of the Queene dow [...]g[...] of France Polidor. and then was the Queene deliuered to the duke by Indenture, who behaued himſelfe ſo towards hir, that he obteyned hir good will, to be hir huſband.

It was thought, that when the king created him Duke of Suffolke, he perceyued hys ſyſters good will towarde the ſayde duke, and that he ment then to haue beſtowed hir on him, but that a better offer came in the way.Hal. But howſoeuer it was now, he wanne hir loue, ſo as by hir conſent, he wrote to the king hir brother, meeklye beſeeching him of pardon in his requeſt, whiche was humbly to deſire him of his good will and contentation.

The king at the firſt ſtayed, but after long ſuyte, and ſpeciallye by meane of the Frenche Queene hirſelfe, and other the Dukes friendes, it was agreed that the Duke ſhoulde bring hir into England vnmaried, and at his returne to marie hir in Englande: but for doubt of change he maried hir ſecretly in Paris at the houſe of Clugny, as was ſayde.

After he had receyued hir with hir dower appoynted, An. reg. 7. The french Queene maried to the Duke of Suffolke. and all hir app[...]ell, iewels, and houſeholde ſtuffe delyuered, they tooke leaue of the new Frenche king, and ſo paſſing through Fraunce, came to Calais, where ſhe was honorably enterteyned, and after openly maryed with great honor vnto the ſayde Duke of Suffolke. Doctor Weſt as then nominated Biſhop of Elie, remained behinde at Paris, to go through with the full concluſion of a new league betwixt the king of England, and the new French king.

This yere in September, the king being at his manour of O king, after his returne from his progreſſe which he made that yeare into the weſt partes, the Archebiſhoppe of Yorke came thither to him: whileſt bee ſoiourned there,The Archbiſſhop of Yorke elected Cardinall. a letter was brought to the ſayde Archbiſhop from Rome, aduertiſing him that hee was elected Cardinall, which letter incontinently he ſhewed to the king, diſabling himſelfe in wordes, though his intent was otherwiſe, and ſo the king did encourage him, and willed him to take that dignitie vppon him, and called him from thenceforth my Lorde Cardinal. But his Hat, Bul, nor other ceremonies were not yet come.

In Nouember, the king aſſembled his highe Court of Parliament at Weſtminſter,A Parliament at Weſtminſter. wherein diuerſe actes made in the ſixth yeare were reformed and altered, and eſpicially the act of apparel, and the act of laborers, as by the booke of ſtatutes more plainly appeareth.

At the ende of this Parliamēt, Doctor Warham Archbiſhop of Canterburie, and as then lord Chauncellour, perceyuing howe the new Lorde Cardinall medled further in his office of Chauncellourſhip than he could well ſuffer, except hee ſhould aduenture the kings diſpleaſure, for thys and for other conſiderations gaue vp his office of Chauncellor into the kings handes, and deliuered to him the great ſeale, which incontinently was deliuered by the king vnto the Lorde Cardinall, and ſo was he made Lorde Chauncellor.Cardinall Wolley made L. Chancellor. He was no ſooner in that office, but hee directed forth Commiſſions into euerie ſhire, for the execution of the ſtatutes of apparell and labourers, and in all his doings ſhewed himſelfe more loftie and preſumptuous than became him, which cauſed him to be greatly miſlyked of many, and the more, for that his baſe byrth was knowne of all men, ſo that the nobilitie (as reaſon was) diſdeyned to be at his correction.

In the end of Nouember,The Cardinals hatte receyued by the Ken [...]iſhe Gentlemen with gret ſolemnitie. the Cardinals hat was ſent into Englande, which the Gentlemen of Kent receyued, and brought to London, wyth ſuch tryumph as though the greateſt Prince in Europe had bene come to viſit the king. And on a Sunday in Saint Peters Church at Weſtminſter he receyued the habite, Hat, piller, & other ſuch tokens of a Cardinal. And now that he was thus a perfite Cardinall he looked aboue all eſtates, whiche purchaſed him great hatred and diſdaine on all ſides.

After the ende of the Parliament, ſir Edward Poynings labored to be diſcharged of the keping of Turney,The Lorde Mōtioy made gouernour of Tourney. bicauſe he could not haue helth there: and ſo he was diſcharged, and ſir Williā Blunt Lorde Mountioy was ſent thither to haue that rowmth, and for Marſhall was appoynted ſir Sampſon Norton.

Immediately vppon their comming thither, chaunced a great ryot rayſed by the ſouldiers, ſo that to appeaſe thē, the Lord Mountioy was put in ieopardie of his life.A mutenye amōgſt the ſoldiers at Tourney. In concluſion, to quiet thē ſir Sampſon Norton was baniſhed the towne for euer, but what the matter was I haue not found reherſed by any wryter.

After that the Citie was appeaſed, and euery thing thought to bee forgotten, diuerſe of the offenders were executed, and diuerſe baniſhed the towne, Some fled, and were confined both out of Englande and the towne.

This yeare the new league accorded betwixt the king and the French king was openly proclaimed through the Citie of London by a trumpet. Margaret Queene of Scottes, eldeſt ſiſter to the king, came this yeare into England, and at Herbottell Caſtell was deliuered of a daughter, begot by hir ſecond huſbande, the Lord Archymbalde Dowglas Erle of Angus.The birth of Margaret daughter to the Queene of Scottes and of the Earle Angus maried afterwards to the Erle of Leneuxe. This daughter was cleped at the Font ſtone after hir mother Margaret.

The ſayde Queene after the death of hir late huſband king Iames, maried the ſayde Earle of Angus, without conſent of hir brother king Henrie, or other of hir friendes, chiefely as ſome haue thought, for hir ſonnes ſake, doubting if ſhee ſhoulde not haue taken hir choyſe at home, ſhee ſhould haue maryed in ſome other place, and ſo haue beene ſequeſtred from hir ſonne, whoſe bringing vp apperteyned now chiefely vnto hir.Hall. But ſuch contention roſe ſhortly after in Scotlande amongeſt the Lordes,The Queene of Scottes and Earle of Angus hir huſband come into England. that both ſhee and hir huſbande were glad to ſeeke ſuccour in Englande at hir brothers hande, who was contented to relieue them, aſſigning them the ſayde Caſtell of Herbottell to lie in, till his further pleaſure ſhould be knowne.

1518The .xviij. day of Februarie this yeare, the Ladie Marie, daughter to king Henrie the .viij. was borne at Greenwich.The birth of ladie mary the kings daughter afterwards Queene. This was ſhe that afterwards was Quene of this realme, and maried the king of Spaine. This yere alſo died the king of Aragon father to the Q. for whō was kept a ſolemne obſeque in y^e cathedral church of Pauls.

An. reg. 8. The king ſent for his ſiſter the Queene of Scots & hir huſbād to come to the court for their ſolace: whervpon comming vp to London, they lay at Saint Iohns without Smithfielde barres for a time, and after at Baynardes Caſtell, from whence the Queene was conueied to Greenwich where ſhe was ioyfully receyued of the king, the Queene his wife, and of the French Queene hir ſiſter.

Thus was ſhe ſometime at the Court, and ſometyme at Baynards Caſtell, and ſo continued in England all this yeare.

The king for the honour of his ſiſter the .xix. and .xx. day of May, prepared two ſolemne days of Iuſtes, wherein the king himſelfe, the Duke of Suffolke, the Earle of Eſſex, and Nicholas Carew Eſquier, anſwered all tommers.

At length the Earle of Angus returned into Scotlande, leauing the Queene his wife behinde him.

About the ſame time were ſent out of Englande twelue hundred Maſons, and Carpenters,A caſtell builded by the king as To[...]y. and three hundred laborers to the Citie of Tourney to beginne the foundation of a Caſtell, which the king had determined to buylde there, for the better chaſtiſing of the Citie, if they ſhoulde attempt any rebellion.

This yeare the Cardinal cauſed all thoſe to be called to accoūts that had medled with the kings money, and had the occupying thereof, in the warres or elſe where.

This audite troubled manye, for ſome were founde in arrerages, and ſome ſaued themſelues by policie and briberie, and waxed rich, and ſome were wrongfully puniſhed. And ſurely he ſo puniſhed periurie with open infamie,Periury greuouſly puniſhed by Cardinal Wolſey. cauſing the offenders to weare Papers, and ſo forth, that in his time it was leſſe vſed. He puniſhed alſo Lordes, knights, and men of all degrees, for riots, for bearing out wrongs,Iuſtice executed by the Cardinal. and for maintenance practiſed in their country, that the poore men liued quietly, ſo that no man durſt vſe ſuche bolſtring, for feare of impriſonment.

Theſe doings were worthie of commendation in him, but ſurely much more, if hir had beene a man that coulde haue kept a meane, which hee coulde not doe, but through his pompe and preſumptuous pride, wanne him high diſdaine in the ende, of al men, not only offending the nobles, and high eſtates of the realme, but alſo the whole multitude of people, which could not away with his vaineglorious pride, and namely for that hee tooke vppon him the gouernaunce of the whole realme, in maner into his only hands.

It was a ſtraunge matter to ſee, a man not ſkilled in the lawes to ſit in the ſeat of iudgement to pronounce the law, being ayded at the firſt by ſuch as according to the auncient cuſtome, dyd ſit as aſſociate with him but he would not ſticke to determine ſundrie cauſes, neyther rightly derided nor adiudged by order of law, and againe ſuche as were cleare caſes, hee would ſometime prohibite the ſame to paſſe, call them into iudgement frame an order in controuerſies, and puniſh ſuch as came with vntrue ſurmiſes, afore the Iudges, and ſharply reproue the negligence of the Iudges themſelues, whiche had receyued ſuch ſurmiſes, and not well conſidered of the controuerſies of the parties. [...] Hee ordeyned by the kings Commiſſion, diuerſe vnder Courtes, to heare complaynts by byll of poore men, that they might the ſooner come by iuſtice.

And ſuch was the adminiſtration of the Cardinall vnder a colour of Iuſtice at the firſt: [...]idor. but bycauſe the ſame ſeemed at length to be but a verie ſhadow or colour in deed, it quickly vaniſhed away, [...]ton is con [...]e to this. he taking vpō him the whole rule himſelf, for that he ſaw how the king made ſmall accoūt of any other but onely of him. Whereby it came to paſſe that many of the Peeres and high eſtates of the realme withdrew them from the Court, as firſt the Archbiſhop of Canterburie, and the Byſhop of Wincheſter, which got them home into their Dioceſſes, but yet before their departure, as good fathers of their Countrey, they inſtantlye beſought the king, that he woulde not ſuffer any ſeruant to exceede and paſſe his maiſter, borowing that ſentence out of the Goſpell of Saint Iohn, where our Sauiour ſpeaking to his diſciples ſayth to them, Verily, verily, I ſay vnto you the ſeruāt is not greater thā his maſter. Herevnto the king knowing that they mēt this by the Cardinal, made this anſwere, that he would diligently ſee that euery ſeruaunt ſhoulde obey and not commaund.

After this the Duke of Norffolke departed home into his Countrey, and laſt of all the duke of Suffolke alſo followed the other. For hee hauing ſpent liberally in his iourneys when hee went as Ambaſſadour into Fraunce, alſo in the ſolemnization of his mariage, and in houſekeeping, ſithe hee was maryed, borrowed greate ſummes of money of the king whiche hee hoped ſhoulde haue beene forgyuen him: but the Cardinall would not haue it ſo, to the intent that the Duke being behind hande in debt, ſhoulde bee the more at commaundement. For as wealth maketh menne loftie, ſo doeth wante make them lowly.

[...]al.In the moneth of October, in this, viij. yeare of king Henry, Mathew Biſhop of Sion or Sitten, [...]e ambaſsa [...] from the [...]mperour. a Cardinal (commonly called the Cardinal of the Swiſſes) came into England from the emperor Maximilian.

At the cōtemplation of this Cardinall, the king lent to the Emperor a great ſumme of money. But the chiefeſt matter that moued the king to be ſo free to Maximilian, was bycauſe the ſame money ſhoulde be imployed on men of warre agaynſt the French king, towardes whome the king, or rather Cardinal Woolſey of late had cō ceyued a grudge, as thus: True it is that the king beſtowed the reuenues of the Sea of Tourney on the Cardinall, at what tyme that citie came into the kings handes: and therefore the Cardinall being deſirous to aſſure to himſelfe the ſame, made ſuyte to the Frenche king, that hee would prouide Guillarde the former Biſhop of Tourney of ſome other Biſhoprike in Fraunce, ſo that he might reſigne the Biſhoprike of Tourney clearly into his handes.

The French king perceyuing how much this ſhoulde make agaynſt his purpoſe, that vpon occaſion hoped euer to recouer the poſſeſſion of Tourney, would not gratifie the Cardinal herein: wherevpon the Cardinall turning the kings minde at his pleaſure, perſwaded him that the next way to abate the Frenche kings puiſſance (whiche in the beginning of his raigne had recouered Myllaine, and grewe euerie day in power more than other) ſhoulde bee to mainteyne the Emperour with money agaynſt him, ſo as the Frenchmen ſhould be chaſtiſed without the trauaile of him or his people.

Herevpon was Richarde Pace ſent firſt into Germanie with a greate ſumme of money to wage the Swiſſes, whiche vnder the conducte of the Emperour Maximilian, inuaded the duchie of Myllaine, but without any great gaine returned from thence, leauing Myllaine in the French mens handes at that tyme: and now for a newe reliefe was this Cardinall of Sion ſente from Myllaine, at whoſe inſtance money was aſſigned to bee delyuered,Hall. and certayne Genewayes vndertooke the exchaunge, which made not payment therof at the day, although they had receyued it of the king.

About this ſeaſon,1507 there grew a great heartburning and malicious grudge amongeſt the Engliſh men of the Citie of London agaynſte ſtraungers, and namely the Artificers founde themſelues ſore grieued, for that ſuch numbers of ſtraungers were permitted to reſort hyther wyth their wares, and to exerciſe handie craftes, to the great handerance and impoueriſhing of the kings liege people.

This malice grewe to ſuch poynt, that one Iohn Lincolne a Broker,Iohn Lincolne the author of inſurrection vpon yll may daye. buſied himſelfe ſo farre in the matter, that about Palme Sunday in this eight yeare of the Kings raigne, hee came to one doctor Henrie Standiſhe with theſe wordes▪ Sir I vnderſtande that you ſhall preach at the Sanctuarie Spittle on Monday in Eaſter weeke, and ſo it is, that Engliſhmen, both Marchants and other are vndone, for ſtraungers haue more libertie in this lande than Engliſh men, which is agaynſt all reaſon, and alſo againſt the common weale of the realme, I beſeech you therefore to declare this in your Sermon, and in ſo doing ye ſhall deſerue great thankes of my Lorde Maior, and of all his brethren: and herewith he offred vnto the ſayde Doctor Standiſh a bill, conteyning this matter more at large.

But Doctor Standiſhe (wiſely conſidering that there might more inconnenience riſe thereof, than he would wiſh, if he ſhould deal in ſuch ſort) both wiſely refuſed the Bill, and tolde Lincolne plainly that he ment not to meddle with any ſuch matter in his Sermon, wherevpon the ſayde Lyncolne went vnto one Doctor Bele a Canon of the foreſayde Spittle, that was appoynted to preache likewiſe vppon the Tueſday in Eaſter weeke at the ſame Spittle, whome he perſwaded to read his ſayde byll in the Pulpet. Which Bill in effect conteyned the griefes that many founde with ſtraungers for taking the liuings awaye from artificers, and the entercourſe from marchants, the redreſſe whereof muſt come from the commons knit in one: for as the hurt touched all men, ſo muſt all ſet to theyr helping handes.

When hee had read this letter, or the chiefeſt part therof, comprehending much ſeditions matter, he began with this ſentence, Coelū coel[...] domino, terram aute dedit filijs hominum, An vndiſerete Preacher. & vpon this text hee entreated, how this land was giuen to Engliſh men, and as byrdes defende theyr neſtes, ſo ought Engliſh men to cheriſhe and mainteine themſelues, and to hurt and greeue aliens for reſpect of their common wealth: and vpon this text Pugna pro patria, hee brought in howe by Gods law it was lawfull to fight for theyr Countrey: and thus be ſubtilly moued or rather vndiſcretely prouoked the people to rebell agaynſt ſtraungers.

By this fooliſh ſermon, many a light perſon tooke courage, and openly ſpake agaynſt ſtraungers. And as vnhappe woulde, there had beene diuerſe euill partes played of late by ſtraungers, in and about the Citie of London, which kindled the peoples rancour the more furiouſly agaynſte them.

The .xxviij. day of Aprill,An. reg. 9. dyuerſe yong men of the Citie pyked quarels to certaine ſtraungers as they paſſed by the ſtreets, ſome they did ſtrike, ſome they buffeted, and ſome they threwe into the Canell: wherefore the Maior ſent ſome of the Engliſh men to priſon, as Stephen Studley Skinner, Bettes, Stephenſon, and diuerſe other. Then ſodainly roſe a ſecrete rumour, and no man coulde tell how it began, that on May day nexte the Citie would rebell and ſlea all the aliens, inſomuch that dyuerſe ſtraungers fledde out of the Citie.

This bruite ranne ſo into euery mans eares, that it came to the knowledge of the kings counſayle, wherevpon the Lord Cardinall ſent for the Maior, and other of the counſayle of the Citie, giuing them to vnderſtande what he had hearde. The Maior as one ignorant of the matter, tolde the Cardinall that he doubted not but ſo to gouerne the Citie, as peace ſhould be obſerued. The Cardinall willed him ſo to doe, and to take good heede, that if any ſuch ryotous attempt was intended, hee ſhoulde wyth good policye preuent it.

The Maior came from the Cardinals houſe at foure of the clocke in the after noone on May euen, and in all haſt ſent for his brethren to the Guildhall, yet was it almoſt ſeuen of the clocke ere the aſſemble was ſet. Vpon conference had of the matter touching the rumour that was ſpre[...] abrode of the rebellion agaynſt ſtraungers, ſome thought it neceſſarie that a ſubſtanciall watche ſhould be ſet of the honeſt citizens houſholders which myght wythſtande the euill doers,Counſayle [...] ken by the Maior and [...] brethren [...] to pre[...]ent th[...] ſtirte at [...] if they went about any myſrule: but other were of this opinion, that it was daungerous to rayſe men in armour, bycauſe it was harde to tell whome they myght truſt: but rather they thought it beſt that commaundement ſhoulde bee gyuen to euery man through euery warde, to ſhutte in his doores, and to keepe his ſeruantes within. Before .viij. of the clocke the Recorder was ſent to the Cardinall with theſe opinions, who hearing the ſame, allowed the latter for beſt and moſte ſureſt. And then the Recorder and ſir Thomas More late vnderſhirife of London, and nowe of the kings counſaile, came to the Guylde hall halfe houre before nine of the clocke, and there ſhewed the pleaſure of the Kings Counſayle, wherevpon euerye Alderman ſent to hys warde that no man ſhould ſtyrre after ſeuen of the clock out of his houſe, but to keepe his doores ſhut, and his ſeruants within, tyll nine of the clocke in the morning.

After this commaundement gyuen in the Euening, as ſir Iohn Mundie Alderman came from his warde, and founde two yong men in Chepe playing at the Bucler[...], and a great m[...] ny of yong men looking on them (for the cō [...] ̄ dement was then ſcarce knowne) he commaunded them to leaue off and for that one of them aſked him why? hee woulde haue hadde into the Counter. Then all the yong prentiſ[...] ſtept to and reſiſted the Alderman taking the yong fellow from him, and cryed prentiſes and clubbes. Then out at euery doore came clubbes and weapons. The Alderman fled and was in great daunger. Then more people aroſe oute of euery quarter, and forth came ſeruing men watermen, courtiers and other, ſo that by [...] of the clocke, there were in Cheape, ſir or ſeuen .C. and out of Pauls Church yeard came three .C. which knew not of the other. So out of all places they gathered, and brake vp the counters, tooke out the priſoners that the Maior had thither committed for hurting the ſtraungers, and came to Newgate, and tooke out Studley and Petit committed thither for that cauſe.

The Maior and Sherifes were preſent there, and made proclamation in the kings name, but nothing was obeyed. Herewith being gathered in plumpes, they ran through S. Nicholas Shambles, and at Saint Martines gate, there mette with them ſir Thomas More, and other, deſiring them to go to their lodgings. And as they were thus e[...]mating, and had almoſte perſwaded the people to departe, they within Saint Martyns threw out ſtones and [...]attes, ſo that they hurt diuerſe honeſt perſons, that were ther with ſir Thomas Moore perſwading the rebellious perſons to craſſe, inſomuche as at length one Nicholas Downes a Sergeant of armes being there with the ſayde ſir Thomas Moore, and ſore hurt amongſt other, in a furie, cryed downe with them, and then all the miſruled perſons ranne to the doores and windowes of the houſes within ſaint Martines, and ſpoiled all that they found.

After that they ran headlong into Cornehil, and there likewiſe ſpoiled diuerſe houſes of Frēch men that dwelled within y^e gate of maſter Mewtas houſe called greene gate. This maſter Mewtas was a Picard borne, and rep[...]ed to be a great bearer of Frenchmen in their occupyings & trades contrarie to the lawes of the Citie. If the people had found him, they would ſurely haue ſtriken off his head, but when they found hym not, the watermen and cortaine yong prieſtes that were there fell to ryfling, and ſome ranne to Blanchchapelton, & brake vp the ſtraungers houſes, and ſpoyled them.

Thus from tenne or eleuen of the clocke, theſe ryotous people continued in theyr outragious doings tyll aboute th[...]e of the clocke, at what tyme they beganne to with[...]e, and w[...]t to theyr places of reſort, as [...] the way they were taken by the Maior and the handes of the Citie, and ſent, ſame of thē to the tower, ſome to Newgate, and ſo[...] to the Court [...] to the [...] of three .C. Many fled, and ſpecially the watermen prieſts and [...]ing men, but the premiſes w[...] caught by the backe and had to priſon. In the meane time whileſt the hoteſt of this [...]fling laſted; the Cardinall was aduertiſed thereof by ſir Thomas Na[...] whervpon the Cardinal ſtreng[...] thened his houſe with men and ordinance, and ſir Thomas Pa[...]e rode in all haſt to Richmonde, where the king lay, and en[...]med him of the matter, who incontinently ſent forth haſtilye the London, to vnderſt and the ſtate of the Citie and was truly aduertiſed howe the ryot was craſed, and many of the my[...]ders apprehended.

The Lieuetenant of the Tower ſir Roger Cholmeley, during the time of this h[...]ling, then off certaine peeces of [...] [...]gaynt[...] the C[...] tie, and though they did us great [...]e, yet hee wanne muche euill will [...] his haſtie doing; bycauſe men thought he did it of malice rather the[...] of any diſcration.

About fiue of the clocke the Erles of Shrewſburie, and Su[...]ey, Thomas Do[...]erey Lorde of Saint Iohns, George Neuill Lorde of Burgeyny, and other, which had heard of thys ryot, come to London, with ſuche ſtrength as they coulde make vpon that ſodaine, and ſo [...] the I[...]s of Court but before they tan[...], whether with feare of the bruyte of theyr co[...]ing, or of her wyfe, [...] ryotous aſſemble was broken vp, and manye of the miſdoers taken (as ye haue heard.) Then to the the priſoners examined, and the Sermon of Doctour Bele called to remembrance, and he taken and ſent to the Tower.

Herewith was a Commiſſion of Oyre and determiner directed to the duke of Norffolkes,A Commiſsi[...] of Oier add determiner. and to diuerſe other Lordes, to the Lorde Maior of London, and the Alderbury, and to all the Iuſtices of Englande, for puniſhment of this inſurrection whervpon all the Iuſtices, with [...] the kings Counſaile learned in the lawes, aſſe[...] at the houſe of ſir Iohn Fineux Lorde chiefe Iuſtice of Englande neare to S. Brides by Fleeteſtreete, to take aduice, and conclude vpon the order which they ſhoulde follow in this matter, and firſt there was read the Sta[...]t[...] of the thirde of Henrie the fifth, the effect whereof enſueth in theſe wordes following:The ſtatute quinto of H. the fifth. bycauſe that dyuerſe [...]a[...] ons compriſed within the [...]es concluded as well by o[...]er ſo[...]aigne Lorde the King that nowe is, as by his ryght noble father [...] that, [...] [...]ne robbed and ſpoyled by [...] Kings Li[...]ges of[...] ſubiectes, as well on the mayne Seas as wyth [...] the portes and coaſtes of Englande, Irelande, and Wales, by reaſon whereof, the truſes and ſafeconductes haue beene broken and violated, to the domage, diſhonour, and flaunder of the king, and agaynſt hys dignitie, and the manſleyers, ſpoylers, robbers, and violaters of the ſame truſes and ſafeconductes, (as before is declared) haue beene recetted, procured, counſayled, vpholden, and mainteined by diuerſe of the kings liege people vpon the coaſtes: our ſayde ſoueraigne Lorde the king by the aduice and aſſent aboueſayde, and at the prayer of the ſayd Commons, hath ordeyned and eſtabliſhed that all ſuch manſlears, robbers, ſpoylers, breakers of truſes, and ſafecōducts graunted by the king, and the wilfull recetters, abetters, procurers, counſaylers, ſuſteyners and mainteyners of ſuch perſons, hereafter in time to come, being any of the lieges and ſubiectes of thys Realme of Englande, Irelande, and Wales, are to be adiudged and determined as guiltie of high treaſon cowmitted agaynſte the Crowne and dignitie of the king. And further in euerie Hauen and port of the ſea, there ſhall be from henceforth made and aſſigned by the king, by his letters patents, one lawfull officer named a conſeruator of truſes and ſafeconducts graunted by the king, which officer ſhall diſpend at the leaſt tenne pound in land by yeare .&c. as in the ſtatute more at large is expreſſed.

The which ſtatute being read and well conſidered of, bycauſe there were diuerſe leagues of truſes betwixt the king and diuerſe other princes, as one betwixt him & the French king, an other betwixt him and the Archeduke of Burgongne, and an other betwixt him and the king of Spain, (all the which truces were violated by the ſayd inſurrection) it was determined by the whole coū ſaile there aſſembled, that the kings ſergeants and Attourneyes ſhould go to the L. Chauncellor to haue a ſight of all the ſayde leagues and charters of truſes, to the intent they might frame their indytements according to the matter.

And note that iudge Fineux ſayd, that al ſuch as were parties to the ſaid inſurrection, were giltie of high treaſon, as wel thoſe that did not commit any robberie, as thoſe that were principall doers therein themſelues, bycauſe that the inſurrection in it ſelfe was highe treaſon, as a thing practiſed againſt the regal honor of our ſouereign lord the king, and the ſame law holdeth of an inſurrection (ſaid Fineux) made agaynſt the ſtatute of laborers, for ſo (ſayd he) it came to paſſe, that certaine perſons within the Countie of Kent, began an inſurrection in diſobedience of the ſtatute of labourers, and were attainted therefore of high treaſon, and had iudgement to be drawn, hanged, and quartered. He ſhewed where, and when this chaunced .&c.

It was further determined by the ſame Fineux, and all the Iuſtices of the lande, that vpon the ſayde Commiſſion of Dyer and Terminee, in London, the Iuſtices named in the ſame commiſſion, might not arraigne the offenders, and proceed to their tryall in one ſelfe day, no more than myght the Iuſtices of peace. But Iuſtices in Eyer myght ſo doe, as well as the Iuſtices of Gaole deliuery, and as the ſufficiencie of the Iurours wythin the Citie to paſſe betwyxte the King and the ſayde Traytours, the Iuſtices determined, that hee that hadde landes, and goodes to the valewe of an hundred Markes, ſhoulde bee inhabied to paſſe vppon the ſayde indytementes.

And thys by the equitie of the Statute of Anno vndecimo Henrici ſeptimi, the which wil, that no manne bee admytted to paſſe in any Inqueſt in London in a Plea of landes, or other action in which the damages ſhall paſſe the value of fortie ſhillings, excepte hee bee woorth in landes or goodes, the valew of an hundred Markes.

On Saterday the ſeconde of May, in thys ninth yeare, all the Commiſſioners wyth the Lorde Maior, Aldermen and Iuſtices, wente to the Guylde hall, where manye of the offendours were indyted as well of the Inſurrection as of the robberyes by them committed agaynſt the truſes.

Herevppon they were araigned, and pleading not guiltie, hadde day gyuen till the Monday nexte enſuyng.

On which day being the fourth of May, the Lorde Maior, the Duke of Norffolke, the Earle of Surrey and other, came to ſitte in the Guilde hall to proceede in theyr Oyer and Determiner as they were appoynted.

The Duke of Norffolke entred the Citye with thirtene hundred armed men, and ſo when the Lordes were ſette the Pryſoners were brought throughe the Streetes tyed in Ropes ſome menne, and ſome laddes of thirtene yeares of age.

Among them were dyuerſe not of the Citie, ſome Prieſtes, ſome Huſbande menne, and labourers. The whole number amounted vnto two hundred three ſcore and eyghtene perſons.

This daye was Iohn Lyncolne indyted as a principall procurour of this miſchieuous inſurrection, and therevppon hee was arraigned, and pleading not guiltie, had day giuē ouer til Wedneſday, or as Hall ſayth tyll Thurſday next enſuyng.

He was charged with ſuch matter, (as before ye haue hearde) concerning his ſuyte vnto Doctor Standiſh, and Doctor Bele, for the reading of this bil in their ſermons, and opening the matter (as before yee haue heard) all whiche matter with the circumſtances he had confeſſed on ſunday the thirde of May, vnto ſir Richard Cholmley, ſir Iohn Daunſie, & ſir Hugh Skeuington. Diuerſe other were indited this Monday, and ſo for that time the Lordes departed.

The next day the Duke came againe, and the Erle of Surrey with two .M. armed men, which kept the ſtreetes. It was thought that the Duke of Norffolk bare the citie no good will, for a lewd prieſt of his which the yeare before was ſlaine in Cheape. When the Maior, the duke, the erles of Shrewſburie and Surrey, were ſet, the priſoners were arreyned, & .xiij. found guiltie & adiudged to be hāged, drawne, & quartered, for executiō wherof were ſet vp .xj. paire of galowes in diuerſe places where the offences were done, as at Algate, at Blanchchapelton, Gracious ſtreete, Leaden hall, and before euery Counter one, alſo at Newgate, at Saint Martins, at Alderſgate, and at Biſhopſgate.

Then were the priſoners that were iudged brought to thoſe places of executiō, and executed in moſt rigorous maner, in the preſence of the L. Edmond Howard ſon to the duke of Norffolke, and knight Marſhall.

On Thurſday the ſeuenth of May, was Lyncolne, Shyrwin, and two brethren called Bets, [...] Lincolne the Author of [...] May day [...]ed [...] [...]eſide. and diuerſe other adiudged to die. They were layd on Hardels, and drawne to the Standert in Cheap, and firſt was Iohn Lincolne executed, and as the other had the rope aboute theyr neckes, there came a commaundement from the king to reſpite the execution, and then was the Oyer and determiner deferred till an other day, & the priſoners ſente againe to warde, and the armed men departed out of London, and all things were ſet in quiet.

Thurſday the .xxij. of Maye, the king came into Weſtminſter hall,The king cō meth to Weſtminſter Hal & there ſate in iudgement himſelfe. and with him was the Cardinall, the Dukes of Norffolke & Suffolke, y^e erles of Shrewſbury, Eſſex, Wilſhire, & Surrey, with many lords, & other of the kings coūſell.

The Maior and Aldermen, with other of the chief Citizens were there in theyr beſt liuereys by nine of the clocke in the morning, according as the Cardinall had appoynted them. Then came in the priſoners bound in ropes, in ranke one after another in their ſhirtes, and euery one had an halter about his necke, being in number foure .C. men, & .xj. women. When they were thus come before the kings preſence, the Cardinall layd ſore to the Maior and Aldermen their negligence, and to the priſoners he declared howe iuſtly they had deſerued death. Then all the priſoners togither reyed to the king for mercie, and therewith the Lordes with one conſent beſought his grace of pardon for theyr offences,The king pardoneth al the rebels. at whoſe requeſt the king pardoned them all. The Cardinal then gaue to them a good exhortation, to the great reioyſing of the hearers. And when the general pardon was pronounced, all the priſoners ſhouted at once, & caſt vp their halters into the roofe of the hal. This company was after called the blacke Wagon.

After that theſe priſoners were thus pardoned, All the gallowes within the Citie were taken downe, and the Citizens tooke more heed to their ſeruants than before they had done.The Quene of Scots retourneth into Scotlande. The .xviij. of May, y^e Q. of Scots departed out of Londō toward Scotlād, richly appoynted of all things neceſſarie for hir eſtate, through the kings greate liberality & bountiful goodneſſe. She entred into Scotland the .xiij. of Iune, and was receiued at Berwik by hir huſbād. Al hir charges within the realme both in cōming abiding, and returning, were borne by the king.

In Iune there were w^t the K. diuers Ambaſſadors frō foraine parts, in honor of whō, & for their ſolace he prepared a coſtly iuſtes, he himſelfe and twelue other, taking vpon them to iuſt with the Duke of Suffolke, and twelue of hys partakers. There were broken betwene the parties fiue hundred and eight ſpeares.

The ſweeting ſickneſſe.The ſweating ſickeneſſe this yeare inuading the people of this lande, brought great numbers to theyr ende.

Many died in the kings Court, as the Lorde Clynton, the Lorde Gray of Wilton, and many knights, Gentlemen and officers. By reaſon of this contagious ſickneſſe, Michaelmaſſe terme was adiourned: and bycauſe the death continued from Iuly to the myddeſt of December, the king kept himſelfe with a ſmall companie aboute him, willing to haue no reſort to the Court for feare of infection, the ſweate was ſo feruent and infectious, that in ſome townes halfe the Inhabitants died thereof, and in ſome a thirde part.

1519
An. reg. 10. The terme begon at Oxford and adiourned to Weſtminſter.In the begynning of this yeare, Trinitie terme was begon at Oxford, where it continued but one day, and was again adiourned to Weſtminſter.

This yeare came to Calais from Pope Leo, a Legate de Latere called Laurence Campeius borne in Bologna la Graſſe, commonly called Cardinall Campeius,Cardinal Campeius ſent frō the Pope. Polidor. to require the king of ayde agaynſt the Turke.

At the requeſt of the King of Englande, and alſo of the French king (which ſought now to be receyued into friendſhip with the King of England chiefly by Cardinal Wolſeis meanes) Pope Leo conſtituted the ſayd Cardinall Woolſey his Legate in England, ioyning him in commiſſion with the ſayde Campeius,Hall. the whiche ſtayed at Calais till the Bulles were brought from Rome touching that matter.

There was alſo an other cauſe that ſtayed Campeius at Calays, and that was a ſuyte whiche Cardinall Woolſey hadde mooued for the obteyning of the Biſhopryke of Bathe, which benefice Cardinall Adrian Caſtalian enioyed by the collation of King Henry the ſeuenth.

This Cardinall Adrian being fallen in the Popes diſpleaſure, wythdrewe out of the Court of Rome vnto Venice, and in the meane tyme Cardinall Campeius, at the inſtance of Cardinall Woolſey, wrote to the Pope, that Cardinall Adrian myght be depriued of that Byſhoprike, to the ende that Cardinall Woolſey myght haue the ſame, which requeſt was accompliſhed, and the Bulles ſent vnto Calays, ſo that then Cardinall Campeius,Cardinal Campeius receiued with great pompe. after he had remayned at Calays three Monethes, came ouer into Englande, and was receyued with all pompe and honoure that myghte bee deuiſed: for hys friendſhippe ſhewed in helpyng the Cardinall of Englande to the Biſhoprike of Bathe, hee was conſidered (beſyde other rewards) wyth the Byſhoprike of Saliſburie, the profites wherof hee receyued tyll the acte was eſtabliſhed, that no forreyner ſhoulde enioy anye ſpirituall benefice within this Realme. But for the chiefeſt errand, y^t this Cardinall Campeis came, he coulde haue no towarde aunſwere, whiche was, to haue leuyed a ſumme of money by waye of tenthes in thys Realme, to the mainteinaunce of the warre in defence of the Chriſtian confines agaynſte the Turke.

There were at the ſame tyme other Legates ſent into other partes of Chriſtendome aboute the ſame matter, as into Fraunce, Spaine, and Germanie: For Pope Leo, calling to remembraunce,A craftie ſe[...] that the feare conceyued of the Turkes had brought no ſmall gaynes to dyuerſe of hys Predeceſſours, hee beganne to feare too, but for y^t ſuch feare was now too well knowne to bee vſed as an ordinarie ſhyfte of the Popes, when they ſtoode in neede of money, this practiſe was at this tyme vſed in vayne, ſo that Campeius hearing that it tooke not place in other partyes, left off his earneſt ſuyte about it, and with great rewardes receyued of the King and Cardinall, returned to Rome, not wythoute hope yet (by reaſon of promiſes made to him by hys friends,) that the Popes requeſt might hereafter be graunted according to his motion.

There attended him to Rome one Iohn Clearke a Lawyer, as Ambaſſadour from the King, which obteyned for the Cardinall authoritie to diſpenſe with al mē for offences committed agaynſt the ſpirituall lawes, which parte of his power legantine was verie profitable and gainfull. For then he ſet vp a Court,The court [...] the legate [...] rected by the Cardinal. and called it the Court of the Legate, in the whiche he proued teſtaments, and hearde cauſes, to the great hynderance of al the Biſhops of this Realme.

He viſited Biſhops, and all the Cleargie exempt and not exempt, and vnder colour of reformation hee got much treaſure, for through brybes and rewards, notorious offendours were diſpenſed with, ſo that nothing was refourmed but came to more miſchiefe.

The example of his pride, cauſed Priſte[...] and all ſpirituall perſons to waxe ſo prowde,Example of great ones what it d[...] that they ruffled it out in veluet and ſilles, which they ware both in gownes, iackets, doublets and ſhwes.

They vſed open lechery, and bare themſelues ſo ſtoute by reaſon of his authorities and faculties, that no man durſt reproue any thing to thē.

The Cardinall himſelfe grew ſo into ſuch exceeding pryde,The exceſs[...] pride of the Cardinal. that hee thought himſelfe egall with the King, and when he ſayde Maſſe (which he did oftner to ſhew his pompe, rather than for any deuotion) he made Dukes and Erles to ſerue him of wine, with a ſay taken, and to hold to him the Baſon at the Lanatorie.

Thus was the pride of the Cardinall and other prieſts ſo paſt the compaſſe of reaſon, that in maner al good perſons abhorred and diſdayned it.

It fortuned that the Archbiſhop of Canterburie wrote a letter to the Cardinal, an[...] after that he had receyued his power lega[...]tine, the whiche letter after his olde familiar maner, he ſubſcribed thus: Your brother William of Canterburie. With which ſubſcription, bycauſe the Archbiſhop wrote him brother, he was ſo much offended, as though the Archbiſhop had done him great iniurie, that he could not temper his mood, but in high diſpleaſure ſayde, that he would ſo worke within a while, that he ſhould well vnderſtand howe he was his ſuperior, and not his brother.

When the Archbiſhop (beeing a ſober wiſe man) hearde of the Meſſenger that bare the letter how the Cardinall tooke it not well, but ſo as it might ſeeme there was a great fault in the letter, and reported the tale as one that miſlyked the Cardinals preſumption herein: peace (ſayde the Archbiſhop) knoweſt thou not howe the man is become madde with too muche ioy. And thus the Cardinall forgetting to hold the right path of true lande and prayſe, ſought to be feared rather than beloued of all good men.

In this meane time the French king greatly couering to redeeme the Citie of Tourney out of the handes of the king of Englande, & knowing that he muſt make way thereto through the Cardinals friendſhip, ceaſſed not with high gifts to winne his good will, and moreouer in often wryting to him,The French [...]g writeth [...] Cardinall [...]y. e[...]ted him with titles of honor and ſo magnified him that the Cardinall, as one tickled with vainglorie more than can be ymagined, thought that he coulde not doe pleaſure ynough to the Frenche King, that did eſteeme ſo much of him.

Herevpon the French king hoping to compaſſe his deſire, after he peerceyued the Cardinals good will towardes him, ſignified his meaning vnto y^e ſayd Cardinall, who founde a [...]eaues to breake thereof to the King, in ſuche wiſe as hee was contented to heare the French Kings Ambaſſadours, that ſhoulde be ſent hyther to talke of that matter.

Ambaſſadours [...] the French [...]ing.The Frenche king then vnderſtanding the King of Englande his pleaſure, ſent ouer the Lorde Boniuet high Admirall of Fraunce, and the Biſhop of Paris as chiefe Ambaſſadors, accompanied with a great ſort of luſtie gentlemen of the French kings court, to the number of .lxxx. and aboue, on whome attended ſuch a companie of other of the meaner force, [...] [...]reaſona [...]le rather for [...]ade. that the whole number amounted to twelue hundred one and other, whiche were thought to be many for an Ambaſſadr.

On Monday the .xxvij. of September, the Earle of Surcy high Admirall of Buglande, with an hundred and threaſcore gentlemen richly apparayled, receyued theſe Ambaſſadours of Fraunce on blacke Heath, and brought them to London, and ſo through the Citie vnto Taylers hall, where the chiefe Ambaſſadors lodged, and the reſidue in marchants houſes about.

When theſe Lordes were in theyr lodgings, them the French harder men that came with theſe Ambaſſadors opened their wares, & made Taylers hall like the Paunde of a Maite. At whiche doing many an Engliſh man grudged, but it auayled not.

The laſt of September, the French Ambaſſadors tooke theyr Barge, and came to Greenewich where the Court then lay. They were brought to the Kings preſence, and there the Biſhop of Paris made a ſolemne oration, which [...] ded and anſwere made thereto, the king highly enterteyned the Admirall and his companie, and ſo did all the Engliſh Lordes and gentlemen.

The Ambaſſadors after this were dayly in counſaile, till at length an agreement was concluded vnder pretence of a maryage to be had betwene the Dolphin of Fraunce, and the Ladie Marie, daughter to the king of Englande, in name of whoſe mariage mony, Tourney ſhould be deliuered to the French king, he paying to the king of England for the Caſtell whiche hee had made in that citie, ſix hundred thouſand crownes,Articles of agreement for the deliuerie of Tourney. t[...] payed in .xii. yeares ſpace, that is to ſay, any thouſande euery yeare during that terme. And [...] the mariage [...] take effect, then ſhould Torney be againe reſtored to the king of Englande, for performance of which article, hoſta[...] ſhould [...]red, that is to wit, Monſieur de Montmora[...], Monſeieur de Montpe [...], [...] May, Monſieur de Morret.

[...] French king ſhoulde pay to the [...] of England, [...] and markes [...] yearely penſion or recompence of his reuenues before [...] receyued of the Biſhoprike of Tourney, [...] [...]kewiſe to other of the kings counſayle [...] alſo giue certaine ſummes of money as yearely penſions, in lyke maner as his auncetours had done to the Counſayle [...] of the kings of Englande afore time.

Alſo the French king [...] to call backe the duke of Albany out of Scotlande, that the ſuretie of king Iames mighte better be prouided for, and leſſe occaſion of [...] miniſtred to the king of Englande.

And further the French king was contented that the ſaide king Iames ſhould be receyued as a confederate in this peace.

When al things were concluded, the king and the Ambaſſadors coude to the cathedrall Church of S. Paule in London from Durham place, where the Cardinal of England ſang the Maſſe in moſte pompous maner: and after that Maſſe was ended, Doctor Pace the kings Secretarye, made an eloquent Oratiō in praiſe of peace: and that done, the king and his nobles and the Ambaſſadors went to the Biſhops Palace, and ther dined, and after dinner, the king roade againe to Durham place. The eight of October at Grenewich, was ſong a ſolemne Maſſe by the Biſhop of Durham, and after Maſſe, Doctor Tunſtall, maiſter of the Rolles, made an eloquent propoſitiō in praiſe of the matrimony to be had betwixt the Dolphin and the Ladye Marye. But to bee ſhorte, after that theſe Ambaſſadors had bin feaſted, and enterteined, with all paſtime, diſporte, and ſolace, in moſte royall ſorte by the King, the lord Cardinal, & other of the peares of the realme, and alſo of the lord Maior of Londō, they finally tooke their leaue of the King and Queene, and of the Counſell, and then departed wyth high rewardes, beſtowed on them of the Kyngs greate and bountifull munificence.

Ambaſſadours ſent from king Henrie to the French King.Shortly after their departure, the Earle of Worceſter, L. Chamberlaine, the Byſhop of Ely, the Lorde of S. Iohans, ſir Nicholas Vaux, ſir Iohn Pechy, ſir Tho. Bulleine, as Ambaſſadors from the King of Englande, accompanyed with .70. Knightes, and Gentlemen and yeomē, to the number of four hundred and aboue, paſſed the Sea to Calais, and ſo from thence wente to Paris, where they were nobly receiued, and beeing broughte to the Frenche kings preſence, the Biſhop of Ely made a ſolemne Oration, touching the mariage and peace concluded. Heere is to be remembred, that immediately after the concluſion of the mariage, a rumor was reyſed, that the Dolphin was dead before, and that this mariage was but a colourable pretext, deuiſed of the frenchmen for a policie, to come by their purpoſe: and therefore, after that the Engliſhe Ambaſſadors had bin feaſted and enterteined, with banqueting and Princely paſtime, the B. of Ely, with ſir Tho, Bulleine, and ſir Rich. Weſt ō, were appointed to goe vnto Conyacke to ſee the Dolphin, where they were honorably receyued, & brought to the preſence of the Dolphin, beeing a goodly yong child, whom they kiſſed and embraced in moſt louing wiſe.1520 The Earle of Worceſter, and with him ſir Nicholas Vaux, ſir Iohn Pechy, ſir Edw. Belknap, and diuers other at y^e ſame time, toke leaue of the french K. and roade to Tourney to ſee the Citie deliuered to y^e french men, wherevpon, the eyghth of February, the L. Chatillon came thither with one and twenty C. men, and after ſome controuerſie moued aboue [...] deliuery of his commiſſion, and ſealing an Iudenture, whiche the Erle had there ready [...] ſed, conteining the articles of agreement, in conſideration wherof it was deliuered, the Captain ſir Richard Iemingham was diſcharged,Tourney deliuered to t[...] Frenche Ki[...] and the frenchmen ſuffered to enter with drunfleddes and minſtrelſie, but not with ſtanderts nor vanners, which the Engliſhmen cauſed them to rolle vp greatly agaynſt theyr willes.

Before they came to the gates, they ſealed the Indenture, confeſſing howe they receyued the City as a gyfte, and not as a righte, and deliuered theyr cōmiſſion, whereby they were authorized to receaue it, which at the firſte they refuſed to do, affirmyng, that it was ſufficient for them to ſhewe it.

Thus was Tourney deliuered in this tenthe yeare of the Kyngs reigne, on the eighte daye of Februarye, and the Engliſhmen returned into England, ſore diſpleaſed in their mynds, for therby many a tall yeoman lacked liuyng, the whiche would not labour after their retourne,A ſole[...] Iuſtes. but [...]ll to robbyng. The eighte of Marche, ſolemne Iuſtes were holden, the King hymſelfe and eight young Gentlemen, takyng vppon them to aunſwere the Duke of Suffolke, and eighte of hys companyons, all of them beeyng gorgeouſlye trymmed, and runnyng exceedingly well, for the which, they wer highly cōmended of y^e ſtrangers.

Aboute the ende of Marche,The ſoldi[...] of Tourney rewarded. the Kyng ſente for all the yeomen of the garde that were come from Tourney, and after many good wordes gyuen to them, he graunted to euerye of them foure pence the daye without attendaunce, except they were ſpecially commaunded.

This yeare, the twelfthe of Februarye,The death of the Emperor Maximilian dyed the Emperor Maximilian, for whome, the King cauſed a ſolemne obſequie to be kept in Paules Churche.

This yeare, the Kyng helde the Feaſt of S. George at Windeſor with all ſolemnity, An. reg. [...] The K. kep[...] S. Georges [...] feaſt [...] Wi[...] for with g[...] ſolemnitie. where were preſent all the Knyghts of the order then beeing within the realme.

The King was ſolemnelye ſerued, and the [...]urnappe caſt like as at the feaſt of a coronation.

At the Maſſe of [...]ey[...]ie[...] was offered the baner and other hachements of honor, belonging i[...] Maximilian the Emperour lately deceaſſed.

Shortly after certaine Gentlemen of the priuie chamber, which through the kings gentle nature & great curteſie in bea[...]ing with their lewdneſſe, [...]ne of [...] p[...]ie [...]er re [...]d. forget themſelues and their dutie toward his grace, in being to families with him, not hauing due reſpect to his eſtate and [...]ree, w[...] remoued by order taken by the Counſayle, vnto whom the king had giuen and ho[...]itie to vſe theyr diſcretion in that behalfe, and then were foure [...]d and auncient knightes put into the kings priuie Chamber, whoſe names were theſe, ſir Richarde Wingfield, ſir Richard Ier[...]ingham, ſir Richarde Weſton, and ſir William Kingſton, and beſide theſe diuerſe officers were chaunged in al places.

The king fit [...] [...] the [...] cham [...] in iudge [...].In the moneth of Nouember the king came from Lambeth ſo Weſtminſter hall, & ſo to the ſtarre Chamber, & there wer brought before him y^t Lorde Ogle, the Lorde Howarde, ſir Mathewe Browne, ſir William Bulmer, and Iohn Scot of Camerwel for diuerſe [...]ots, miſdemeane[...], [...] offences by them committed: but the king ſpecially rebuked ſir Wil. Bu[...]er knight, bicauſe he being hys ſeruaunt ſworne, refuſed the kings ſeruice, and became ſeruant to y^e Duke of Buckingham: yet at length vppon his humble crauing of mercie, ſtill knelling on his knees before his grace, the king pardoned him his offence, and likewiſe he pardoned the Lorde Howarde, and Sir Mathewe Browne, theyr offences: but bycauſe the Lorde Ogles matter concerned murther, [...] hym to the common [...]. And then he [...] and went to his B[...]rge, and by the way ma[...] Iames Yar[...] Malor of the Citie of Lond[...] [...]ght, and ſo returned to Lamberth.

The Frenche King deſirious to continue the [...]ſhippe lately begunne betwixt him and the king of Englande,1520 made meanes vnto the Cardinall, that they might in ſome con[...]ent place come to a[...] [...] togither, that hee myght haue further knowledge of King Henrie, and likewiſe king Henrie of him.

But the [...]ame went that the Cardinall d[...] greatly of himſelfe, that the two Kings might meete, who mea[...]ing by his will what was conuenient [...]ought it [...] with his glorie, if [...] Fraunce alſo at ſome high aſſemble of noble men, he ſhoulde bee [...]one in his daine pompe and ſhew of dig[...] he therefore breaketh with the king of that matter, declaring howe honorable, neceſſarie, and conuenient it ſhoulde be for him to gratifie h[...]r friend[...] therein, and thus with his perſwaſions the king beganne to conceyue an earneſt deſire to ſee the Frenche King, and therevpon appoynted to goe ouer to Caleys, and ſo in the churches of Guiſnes to meete wyth the French king.

Then were ther ſent vnto Guiſnes, b[...]wer the rule of ſir Edward Belknap three M. attificers,Hall. which buylded out of the earth on the playne before the Caſtell of Guiſhes, a moſt pleaſant palayce of tymber, ryght curiouſly garniſhed without and within.

Herewith were letters alſo written to all ſuch Lords, Ladies, Gentlemen, and Gentlewomen, which ſhould giue their attendance on the king, and the Queene, which incontinently put themſelues in a readineſſe after the moſt ſumptuous ſort. Alſo it was appointed that the king of Englande, and the French king, in [...]ampe betwene Arde and Guiſnes, with .xviij. aydes, ſhoulde in Iune next enſuing, abide al commers being gentlemen, at the [...]l[...], attourney, and at barriers, whereof Proclamation was made by Orleans King of A[...]es of Fraunce here in the Courts of Englande, and by Clareueca[...] king of armes of Englande, in the Court of Fraunce, and in the Court of Burgongne, and is diuerſe other courts and places in Almaine and Italy.

The whole maner of the enteruiew committed to the Cardinall.Moreouer now that it was concluded, that the kings of England and France ſhould meete (as ye haue hearde, then both the kings committed the order and manner of their me[...]ing, and how manye dayes the ſame ſhoulde continue, and what preheminence eche ſhoulde gyue to other, vnto the Cardinall of Yorke, whiche to ſette all things in a certainetie, made an inſtrument conteyning an order and direction concerning the premiſſes by him deuiſed and appoynted.

The Peeres of the Realme receyuing Letters to prepare themſelues to attende the Kyng in thys iourney, and no appara[...]t neceſſarie cauſe expreſſed why nor wherefore, ſeemed to grudge that ſuche a coſtly iourney ſhoulde bee taken in hande to theyr importunate charges and expences, withoute conſente of the whole bourde of the Counſaile: but namely the Duke of Buckingham, beeyng a manne of a loftye courage, but not moſt liberall, ſore repyned that he ſhoulde bee at ſo greate charges for his furniture forth at thys tyme, ſaying, that hee knewe not for what cauſe ſo muche money ſhoulde bee ſpent about the ſight of a vayne talke to bee had, and communication to be miniſtred of things of no importance. Wherefore he ſticked not to ſay, that it was an intollerable matter to obey ſuch a vile and importunate perſon.

Great hatred betweene the Cardinall, and the Duke o[...] Buckingham.The Duke indeede coulde not abyde the Cardinall, and ſpecially he had of late conceyued an inward malice againſt him, for ſir William Bulmers cauſe, whoſe trouble was onely procured by the Cardinall, who firſt cauſed hym to be caſt in priſon.

Nowe ſuche grieuous wordes as the Duke thus vttered agaynſte hym, came to the Cardinals care; wherevppon hee caſte afore hande all wayes poſſible how to haue him in a trippe, that he might cauſe him to leape headleſſe. But bycauſe he doubted his friendes, kinneſmen, and allyes, and chiefely the Earle of Surrey Lorde Admirall, which had maried the Dukes daughter, he thoughte good firſt to ſend him ſome whyther out of the way, leaſt he might caſt a trumpe in his way.

There was greate enmitie betwixt the Cardinall and the Erle, for that on a time, when the Cardinall tooke vppon him to checke the Earle, hee hadde lyke to haue thruſt his Dagger in the Cardinall.

At length, there was occaſion offered hym to compaſſe his purpoſe, by occaſion of the Earle of Kildare hys commyng out of Irelande. For the Cardinall knowing that he was well prouided of money, fought occaſions to [...] him of part thereof.

The Earle of Kyldare beeyng v[...]a[...], was deſirous to haue [...] Engliſhe [...] to wyfe, and for that he was a ſuytie to a [...]yd[...] countrary to the Cardinalles minde, hee [...] hym to the King, of that he had [...] hymſelfe vprightly in his office in Irelande, where he was the kings lieutenant.

Suche accuſations were fr[...]ed agaynſte hym when no brybes woulde come,The Earle of Kildare committed towarde. that he was committed to priſon, and then by the Cardinals good preferment the Earle of S[...]ry was ſ[...]t into Irelande as the Kings Deputie, in him of the fayde Earle of Kyldare, there to remaine rather as an exile, than as lieutenant to the King, euen at the Cardinals pleaſure, as hee hymſelfe well perceyued.

And ſo in the beginning of Aprill,Hall. the ſayde Earle paſſed ouer into Irelande, and had with him dyuerſe Gentlemen that hadde beene in the garniſon of Tourney, and one hundred yeomen of the Kinges Garde, and other,Good ſeruice done by the Erle of S[...]. to the number of a thouſande menne, where he by hys manhoode and policye, brought the Earle of Deſmonde, and diuerſe other Rebelles to good conformitie and order. Hee continued there two yeares, in whyche ſpace, he hadde manye bickerings and ſkirmiſhes wyth the wylde Iriſhe.

There reſted yet the Earle of Northumberland, whome the Cardinall doubted alſo,Polidor. leaſte hee myght hynder hys purpoſe, when he ſhoulde goe aboute to wreake his malice agaynſte the Duke of Buckingham: and therefore he pike a quarell to hym, for that hee ſeaſed vpon certaine Wardes which the Cardinall ſaide apperteyned of ryghte to the Kyng,The Earle of Northumberland committed to priſ[...] and bycauſe the Earle woulde not gyue ouer hys title, hee was alſo commytted to priſon, and after tooke it for a greate benefyte at the Cardinalles handes, that hee myghtee be delyuered out of his daunger.

Nowe in this meane whyle, the Cardinall ceaſſed not to bryng the Duke oute of the kings fauoure, by ſuche forged tales, and contriued ſurmiſes as he dayly put into the kings head.

The Duke comming to London, with hys trayne of men to attende the King into France, went before into Kēt to a Manour place which hee had there. And whileſt hee ſtayed in that Countrey tyll the Kyng ſet forwarde, grieuous complayntes were exhibited to him by hys Fermours and Tenauntes agaynſte Charles Kneuet his Surueyour, for ſuche brybing as he had vſed there amōgſt thē, wherevpon the duke toke ſuche diſpleaſure agaynſt hym, that hee depriued hym of his office, not knowing how that in ſo doing he procured his owne deſtruction, as after it appeared.

An. reg. 12. The king ſer [...] forward [...]rd FranceThe Kings Maieſtie perſeuering in purpoſe to meete with Fraunces the French King, remoued with the Queene, and all his Court the .xxj. day of May being Monday, from his Manour of Greenewiche towards the Sea ſyde, and ſo on the Fryday the .xxv. of May, hee arriued at the Citie of Canterburie, intending there to kepe his Whitſuntide.

On the morrow after, the Emperour being on the Sea returning oute of Spaine, arryued wyth all hys nauie of ſhippes royall on the coaſt of Kent, direct to the Porte of Hyeth the ſayde day by Noone, where hee was ſaluted by the Viccadmirall of Englande, ſir William Fitzwilliam, with ſixe of the Kings greate ſhippes well furniſhed, which lay for the ſafegarde of paſſage betwixte Calays and Douer.

Towardes Euening the Emperour departed from his ſhippes, and entred into his Boate, and comming towardes lande was met and receyued of the Lorde Cardinall of Yorke wyth ſuche reuerence as to ſo noble a Prince apperteyned.

The Emperor Charles the .v. landeth in England.Thus landed the Emperour Charles the fifth at Douer, vnder his clothe of eſtate of the blacke Eagle, all ſpredde on riche cloth of golde. He had with him many noble men, and many fayre Ladyes of his bloud.

When he was come to lande, the Lord Cardinall conducted him to the Caſtell of Douer, whiche was prepared for him in moſte royall maner.

In the morning, the king rode with all haſt to the Caſtell of Douer to welcome the Emperor, and entring into the Caſtell alighted,The meeting of the Emperor and king Henrie at Douer Caſtel. of whoſe comming the Emperor hauing knowledge, came out of his chamber, and met him on the ſtayres, where either of them embraced other in moſt louing maner, and then the king brought the Emperor to his chamber.

The Emperor and K. Henrie keepe Whit [...]tide at Canterburie.On Whitſunday early in the morning, they tooke theyr horſes, and rode to the Citie of Canterburie, the more to keepe ſolemne the feaſt of Pentecoſt, but ſpecially to ſee the Q. of England his aunt, was the Emperor his intent, of whō ye may bee ſure, he was moſt ioyfully receyued and welcomed.

Thus the Emperour and his retinue both of Lords and Ladies, kept their Whitſuntide with the king and Queene of Englande, in the Citie of Canterburie with all ioy and ſolace.

Polidor.The Emperor yet himſelf ſeemed not ſo much to delite in paſtime and pleaſure, but that in reſpect of his youthfull yeres, there appeared in him a great ſhewe of grauitie: for they coulde by no meanes bring him to daunce amongſt the reſidue of the Princes, but onely was contented to be a looker on. Peraduenture the ſight of the Ladye Marie troubled him, whom he had ſometime loued, and yet through fortunes euill happe might not haue hir to wife.

The chiefe cauſe that moued the Emperour to come thus a lande at this tyme, was to perſwade that by worde of mouth, which he had before done moſt earneſtly by letters, whiche was, that the King ſhoulde not meete the French king at anye enteruiew: for hee doubted leaſt if the King of England and the French King ſhoulde growe into ſome greate friendſhippe and faythfull bonde of ametie,The emperor laboureth to hinder the purpoſed enteruiew. it might turne him to diſpleaſure. But nowe that he perceyued howe the king was forwarde on his iourney, hee did what he coulde to procure that no truſt ſhould be committed to the fayre wordes of the French men, and that if it were poſſible, the great friendſhippe that was nowe in breeding betwixte the two kings might be diſſolued.

And foraſmuch as he knewe the Lorde Cardinall to be wonne with rewardes, as a fiſh with a bayte, he beſtowed on him greate gyftes, and promyſed him much more, ſo that he woulde be his friende, and helpe to bring hys purpoſe to paſſe.

The Cardinall not able to ſuſteyne the laſte aſſault, by force of ſuch rewardes as hee preſently receyued, and of ſuche large promiſes as on the Emperours behalfe were made to him, promiſed to the Emperour, that he woulde ſo vſe the matter, as his purpoſe ſhould be ſpedde, onely hee required him not to diſallow the Kings intent for enteruiew to be had, which he deſired in any wiſe to goe forwarde, that hee myght ſhewe hys high magnificence in Fraunce, according to his firſt intention.

The Emperour remayned in Canterburie til the Thurſday, being the laſt of May,Hall. and then taking leaue of the King, and of hys Aunte the Queene, departed to Sandwich, where hee tooke his ſhips and ſayled into Flaunders.

The ſame daye the King made ſayle from the Porte of Douer,The king landeth at Calais. and landed at Calays aboute eleuen of the Clocke, and with him the Queene and Ladies and many Nobles of the Realme, his grace was receyued into the checker, and there reſted.

The fourth of Iune, the King and Queene with all their trayne remoued from Calays to his princely lodging newly erected beſide the towne of Guiſnes.

This princely Palayce was buylt quadrant euerie ſquare conteyning three hundred .xxviij. foote long of a ſiſe,The deſcriptiō of the new palace before Guiſnes. ſo that the compaſſe was .xiij. hundred and .xij. foote about.

The ſame Palayce was ſet on Stages by great cunning and ſumptuous worke, moſt gorgeouſly decked, trymmed, and adourned, both within and without, with ſuch ſumptuous and royall furniture of all ſortes neceſſarie for the receyuing of ſuch highe eſtates, that the like might vneth bee ymagined or deuiſed, by the wytte of man.

The French king was likewiſe come to the Towne of Arde, neare to the which his lodgyng was alſo prepared, but not fully finiſhed. And like as diuerſe of the French Nobilitie had viſited the King of Englande whyleſt hee lay in Calays, ſo lykewiſe nowe the Lorde Cardinall as Ambaſſadour to the King, roade wyth a noble repayre of Lordes, Gentlemen, and Prelates, to the towne of Arde, where hee was of the French king highly enterteyned, with great thankes, for that by his meanes hee had ioyned in friendſhip wyth the King of England, to his high contentation and pleaſure, as hauing obteyned the thing which he had long deſired.

The greate pompe of Cardinal Wolſey.The noble port, ſumptuous ſhew, and great trayne of Gentlemen, Knightes, Lordes, and number of ſeruaunts, in riche apparell and ſuyte of leuereys attendant on the Cardinall, made the Frenchmen greatly to wonder at his triumphant doings.

The king of Englande had giuen vnto the ſayde Cardinall full authoritie, power, and libertie, to affirme and confirme, binde and vnbind, whatſoeuer ſhoulde be in queſtion betweene him and the Frenche king, and the lyke authoritie, power,Great credite committed to the Cardinall by both the kings. and libertie, did the French king by hys ſufficient letters patent, graunt to the ſame Cardinall, which was reputed to be a ſigne of great loue, that he ſhoulde commit ſo greate a truſt to the king of Englands ſubiect.

The day of meeting was appoynted to bee on the Thurſday the ſeuenth of Iune,The enterview of the two kings in the vale of Andren. on whiche day the two kings met in the vale of Andren, accompanied with ſuche a number of the Nobilitie of both the Realmes, ſo richely appoynted in apparayle, and coſtlye Iewelles, as Chaynes, Collors of SS, and other the lyke ornamentes to ſet foorth theyr degrees and eſtates, that a woonder it was to beholde and viewe them in theyr order and rowmethes, which euerie man kept according to his appoyntment.

The two Kinges meeting in the fielde, eyther ſaluted other in moſte louing wyſe, firſt on horſebacke, and after alyghting on foote eftſoones embraced with courteous wordes, to the greate reioyſing of the beholders, and after they had thus ſaluted eche other, they went bothe togither into a riche Tente of clothe of golde, there ſet vp for the purpoſe, in the whiche they paſſed the tyme in pleaſaunt talke, banquetting, and louyng deuiſes, till it drewe towarde the Euening, and then departed for that nyght, the one to Guiſnes, and the other to Arde.

Saterday the ninth of Iune,Hall. in a place within the Engliſh Pale, were ſet vp in a fielde called the Campe, two trees of muche honour,The deſcrip[...] of the two [...] tificiall tree[...] figuring H[...] and Frances the one called the Aubeſpine, that is to ſay, the Hauthorne in Engliſhe, for Henrie, and the other the Frambo[...]ſter, whiche in Engliſhe ſignifieth the Raſpis berie, after the ſignification in French.

Theſe trees were curiouſly wrought, the leaues of greene Damaſke, the braunches, boughes, and wythered leaues, of cloth of golde, and all the bodyes and armes of the ſame clothe of golde layde on tymber: they were in heigth from the foote to the toppe .xxxiiij. foote of aſſiſe, in compaſſe about an C. twentie and nine foote, and from bough to bough .xliij. foote: on theſe trees were flowers and fruites in kyndly wyſe, with ſiluer and Veniſe golde: their beautie ſhewed farre.

The ſame daye the two kings came to thoſe trees of honour, nobly accompanied, in ſuch royal ſort as was requiſite. The Campe was in lēgth nine hundred foote, and in bredth three. C. and xx. foot, ditched rounde about (ſauing at the entries) with brode and deepe ditches. Diuerſe ſkaffoldes were reared about this campe for the eaſe of the Nobles.

On the right ſide of the field ſtood the Queene of England, & the Queene of France, with many Ladies. The campe was ſtrongly rayled and barred on euerie end: in the entrie there were two lodgings prepared for the two kings, wherin they might arme themſelues, and take their eaſe.

Alſo in the ſame cōpaſſe there were two great ſellers couched full of wine, which was liberally beſtowed to all men.

The two kings as brethren in armes, vndertooke to deliuer all perſons at iuſtes, tourney, and barriers, and with them were aſſociate by the order of armes, the duke of Vandoſme, the duke of Suffolke: the Counte S. Paule, the Marques Dorcet: M. de Roche, ſir Williā Kingſton▪ M. Brian, ſir Richard Iarningham: M. Canaan, ſir Giles Capell: M. Bukkal, maiſter Nicholas Carew: M. Montaſlion, & ma. Antony Kneuet.

Mondaye the eleuenth of Iune, the two Queenes of Englande, and of Fraunce,The two Queenes [...] at the ca[...] came to the Campe, where eyther ſaluted other righte honourably, and went into a ſtage for them prepared.

At the houre aſſigned, the two kings armed at all peeces mounted on horſebacke, and with their companyes entred the fielde, preſented themſelues to the Quenes, and after reuerence done, toke their places, abiding the anſweres whiche were deliuered in order as they came in moſt knightly wiſe, to the great contentation and pleaſure of all the beholders.

Thoſe iuſtes and martiall feates laſted till Fryday the .xv. of Iune, and on the Saterdaye being the .xvj. of the ſame moneth, the Frenche King with a ſmall number came to the caſtell of Guiſnes, aboute the houre of eyght in the morning.

[...]e French [...] commeth [...]es, [...]e the king [...] land go [...] Arde.The king hauing thereof knowledge (as then being in his priuie chamber) with all haſt in gladſome wiſe went to receyue him. And after he had welcomed him in moſt louing maner, he departed and road to Arde, leauing the Frenche king ſtill at Guiſnes, and ſo comming to Arde was ioyfully receyued of the French Queene and other nobles of the realme of Fraunce, with al honour that might be deuiſed. And thus were theſe two kings, the one at Guiſnes, and the other at Arde, highly enterteined, feaſted, and banquetted, in ſuch royall and princely ſort, that wonder it is to beare, and more meruaile to conſider, of the great plentie of fiue and delicate viandes, the huge ryches of ſiluer and golde in plate and veſſell, and all other furniture of ineſtimable value there preſent, and ſet forth that day, as well in the one place as in the other.

Towarde the Euening at time conuenient, they tooke their leaues and returned, the Frenche King to Arde, and the King of Englande to Guiſnes.

Monday the .xviij. of Iune was ſuch an hideous ſtorme of winde and weather, that manye coniectured it did prognoſticate trouble and hatred ſhortly after to follow betweene princes.

Tueſday the .xix. of Iune, the two kings came to the campe againe armed at all peeces, and there abode them that woulde come, ſo that then began the iuſtes a freſh.

On Wedneſday the .xx. of Iune, the two kings began to holde tourneys with all the perteyners of theyr chalenge armed at all peeces.

The Queene of Fraunce, and the Queene of Englande, were in the places for them prepared, and there was many a goodly battayle perfo[...] med, the Kings doing as well as the beſt, ſo that all the beholders ſpake of them honor.

Thurſday the .xxj. of Iune, the two Kings likewiſe kept the tourneys, ſo that all thoſe noble men that woulde proue their valiancies, were deliuered according to the articles of the tourneys, which this day tooke ende.

[...]ers.Fryday the .xxij. of Iune, the two kings with their retinue did battaile on foote at the Barriers, and there deliuered all ſuch as put forth themſelues to trie their forces.

[...] Cardinall [...]g Ma[...]e [...]re two [...] On Saterday the .xxiij. of Iune the Lorde Cardinall ſang an highe and ſolemne Maſſe by note aloft vpon a pompous ſtage before the two Kings and Queenes, the which being furniſhed, Indulgence was giuen to all the hearers.

The two kings dyned in one Chamber that day, and the two Queenes in another.

After dinner, the two kings with their bend[...] entred the field on foote before the Bairiers, and ſo began the fight, which continued battaile after battaile, till all the commers were anſwered.

There were deliuered this day thus at the barriers by battaile, an .C. and ſixe perſons: the two laſt battails did the kings. And ſo that Saterday the whole chalenge was performed, and all men deliuered of the articles of iuſtes, tourneys, & battayles on foote at the Barriers, by the ſayde two kings and their aydes.

After this, there folowed royall maſkes,Maſkes. and on the Sunday the .xxiiij. of Iune, the King of Englande with foure companyes, in euerie companie ſenne, trymlye appoynted in maſkyng apparell rode to Arde, and lykewiſe the Frenche king accōpanied with .xxxviij. perſons, as maſkers repayred to Guiſnes. They met on the way, and eche company paſſed by other without any countenance making or diſuiſering.

They were honourably receyued, as well at the one place as the other, and when they had ended theyr paſtime, banquetting, and daunces, they returned and met againe on the way homewardes, and then putting off their viſers, they louingly embraced: and after amiable communication togyther, they tooke leaue either of other, and for a remembraunce gaue giftes eyther to other, verie rich and princely.

King Henry departed from Guiſnes to Caleys, and from thence to Graueling to viſite the Emperour.On the Morrow after being Monday, the xxv of Iune, the king with the Queene remoued from Guiſnes to Calays, where hee remayned till the tenth of Iuly, on whiche day he roade to Graueling, and was receyued on the waye by the Emperor, and ſo by hym conueyed to Graueling, where not onely the king, but alſo all his traine was cheared and feaſted, with ſo louing maner, that the Engliſhmen highly prayſed the Emperors Court.

This meeting of the Emperour and the king of Englande, was a coroſie to the French king and his people, as by euident tokens afterwardes well appeared.

The emperour commeth to Caleys to king Henrye.On Wedneſday the eleuenth of Iuly, the Emperour and his Aunte the Ladie Margaret came wyth the king of Englande to the towne of Calays, and there continued in great ioy and ſolace, wyth feaſting, banquetting, daunſing and maſking till Saterdaye the fourtenth of Iuly, on the whiche day about noone, hee tooke leaue of the Queene of Englande hys Aunte, and departed towarde Graueling, beeing conducted on his way by the king of England, to a Village towardes Flanders called Waell, and there they embraced and tooke leaue eyther of other in moſt louing maner.

They did not altogither ſpend the tyme thus whileſt they were togither, in vayne pleaſures, and ſporting reuels, for the Charters before time concluded, were there read, and all the Articles of the league tripartite, agreed betwixt the Emperour, the King of Englande, and the French king, were at full declared, to the whiche the French king had fully condeſcended: and for the more proufe thereof, and exemplyfication of the ſame, he ſent Monſieur de Roche with letters of credence to ſignifie to the Emperour, that in the worde of a Prince he woulde obſerue, fulfil, performe, and keepe all the ſame articles, for him his realme and ſubiects.

The king returneth into England.Shortly after that the Emperour and the King had taken leaue eche of other, and were departed, the king ſhipped, and with the Queene and all other the Nobilitie returned ſafely into England.

The King kept hys Chriſtmaſſe at Grenewiche this yeare, with much nobleneſſe and open Court.

About the ſame tyme,1521 the King hauing regarde to the common wealth of his realme,Polidor. conſidered how for the ſpace of fiftie yeares paſt and more, the Nobles and Gentlemen of Englande being giuen to graſing of cattell, and keeping of ſheepe, had inuented a meane howe to encreaſe their yearely reuenues to the great decay and vndoing of the huſbandemen of the lande. For the ſayde Nobles and Gentlemen after the maner of the Numidians, more ſtudying how to encreaſe their paſtures, than to mainteyne tyllage, beganne to decay huſbande tackes and tenements, and to conuert errable grounde into Paſture, furniſhing the ſame with beaſtes and ſheepe, and alſo deare, ſo encloſing the fieldes with hedges, dytches, and pales, whiche they helde in theyr owne handes, engroſſing woolles, and ſelling the ſame, and alſo ſheepe and beaſtes at theyr owne pryſes, and as might ſtande moſt to theyr owne pryuate commoditie, whereof a threefolde euill chaunced to the common wealth, (as Polidore noteth:) one, for that thereby the number of huſband men was ſore diminiſhed, the whiche the Prince vſeth chiefely in his ſeruice for the warres: an other, for that many Townes and Vyllages were left deſolate, and became ruynous: the thirde for that both Wooll and Cloth made thereof, and the fleſhe of all maner of beaſtes vſed to bee eaten, was ſolde at farre higher pryces than was accuſtomed.

Theſe enormityes at the fyrſt beginning beeyng not redreſſed, grewe in ſhorte ſpace to ſuche force and vigour by euyll cuſtome, that afterwarwardes they could not be well taken away nor remoued.

The King therefore cauſing ſuche good ſtatutes as had beene deuiſed and eſtabliſhed for reformation in thys behalfe, to be reuyued and called vppon,Commiſs[...] graunted for the maintenaunce of [...]llage and laying open of incloſure. taketh order by directing forth hys Commiſſion vnto the Iuſtices of peace, and other ſuche Magyſtrates, that preſentmente ſhoulde bee hadde and made of all ſuche Incloſures, and decay of huſbandrye as had chaunced within the ſpace of fiftie yeares before that preſent tyme. The Iuſtices and other Magiſtrates according to their commiſſion executed the ſame.

And ſo commaundement was giuen that the decayed, houſes ſhould be buylt vp again, that the huſbandmen ſhould be placed eftſoones in y^e ſame, and that incloſed grounds ſhuld be laid open, and ſore puniſhment appointed agaynſte them that diſobeyed.

[...] Theſe ſo good and wholeſome ordinances, ſhortely after were defeated by meane of bribes giuē vnto the Cardinal: for when the nobles and Gentlemen, whiche had for their pleaſures imparked the common fieldes, were loth to haue the ſame againe diſparked, they redemed their vexation with good ſummes of money, and ſo had licence to keepe their parkes and grounds encloſed as before.

Thus the great expectation whiche men had conceiued of a generall redreſſe, proued voyde; howbeit, ſome profite the huſbandmen in ſome partes of the realme gotte by the mouing of this matter, where the incloſures were already layde open, ere miſtreſſe money coulde preuente them, and ſo they enioyed their commons, whiche before had bin taken from them.

After that thys matter for incloſures was thus diſpatched, the Cardinall boyling in hatred againſt the duke of Buckingham,The Cardinall [...]ſeth the [...]ction of the Duke of Buckingham. and thirſting for hys bloud, deuiſed to make Charles Kneuet, that had bin the Dukes ſurueyour, and put from hym (as yee haue hearde) an inſtrumente to bring the Duke to deſtruction.

Thys Kneuet beyng had in examination afore the Cardinall, diſcloſed all the Dukes lyfe, and firſte hee vttered, that the Duke was accuſtomed by way of talke, to ſay howe he meante ſo to vſe the matter, that hee woulde atteyne to the Crowne, if King Henrye chauced to dye without iſſue, and that hee had talke and conference of that matter one tyme with George Neuil, Lord of B[...]guennye, vnto whom hee hadde giuen his daughter in marriage, and alſo that he threatned to puniſh the Cardinall for his [...]ifolde miſdoings beeing without cauſe his m[...]rtall enimie.

The Cardinall hauing gotten that that hee ſought for encourageth, comforteth, and procureth Kneuet with manye comfortable wordes, and greate promiſes, that hee ſhoulde with [...] holde ſpirite and countenance [...]biecte, and laye theſe thyngs to the Dukes charge, with more if he knew it when time required.

Then K[...]t[...], partely prouoked with deſire to bee reuenged, and partely moued with hope of rewarde, openly confeſſeth that the Duke hadde once fully determined to deuiſe meanes, how to make the Kyng away beeyng broughte into a full hope, that hee ſhoulde bee King, by a vayne propheſie which one Nicholas Hop[...]ius, a Monke of an houſe of the Charm[...] order, beſyde Briſtow called Henton, ſometime h[...] confeſſor had opened vnto him.

The Cardinall [...]eth the [...]ke of Buc [...]gham to [...] Kyng.The Cardinall hauing thus token the examination of Kneuet, wente to the Kyng, and declared vnto hym that hys perſon, was in daunger by ſuche trayterous purpoſe, as the Duke of Buckingham hadde conceyued in his heart, and ſheweth how that nowe there is manifeſt tokens of hys wicked pretence, wherefore, hee exhorteth the Kyng to prouide for hys owne ſuretie with ſpeede.

The King hearing the accuſation, enforced to the vttermoſt by the Cardinall, maketh thys aunſwere, if the Duke haue deſerued to bee puniſhed, lette hym haue accordyng to hys deſertes.

The Duke herevppon is ſente for vp to Lō don, and at his comming thither, is ſtraightewayes attached,Hall. and brought to the Tower by Sir Henry Marney, Captayne of the garde, the ſixtenth of Aprill.

There was alſo attached the foreſayde Chartreux Monke, maiſter Iohn de la Kar, alias de la Court, the Dukes confeſſor, and Sir Gilbert Perke prieſt, the Dukes Chancelloure.

After the apprehenſion of the Duke,An. reg. 13. inquiſitions were taken in dyuers Shires of England of hym, ſo that by the Knightes and Gentlemen, he was endited of high treaſon,The Duke of Buckingham indited of treſon. for certaine wordes ſpoken, as before yee haue hearde, by the ſame Duke at Blechingly, to the Lorde of Burguennie, and therwith was the ſame Lorde attached for con[...]lement, and ſo likewiſe was the Lord Montagew, and both led to the Tower.

Sir Edwarde Neuill, brother to the ſayde Lorde of Burguannie, was forbidden the kings preſence.

Moreouer, in the Eui[...] Hall, within y^e Citie of London, before Iohn Brugge Knyghte, then Lorde Maior of the ſame Citie, by a[...] inqueſt whereof one Miles Ierra[...]d was foreman, the ſaid Duke was endited of dyuers poyntes of high treaſon,The effect of the Dukes inditement. as by the ſame Inditemēt is appeareth, in[...]ing that the ſayde Duke intendyng to exalt himſelfe, and to vſur[...] the Crowne the royall power and dignitie of the Realme of England, and to depriue the Kings maieſtie thereof, that he the ſayd Duke myght take vpon hym the fame againſte his allegiance, had the tenthe daye of M[...]rche, in the ſecond yeare of the kings maieſties [...]gne,Th Duke is indited of treſon in Londō. was at [...] other tymes, [...] fore and after, imagined and compaſſed the Kings death and deſ[...] of London, and at Thornebury, in the he Countie of Monceſter,This Hopkins had ſent one of the Prior of Hētō [...] ſeruāts to the Duke the day afore, to will hym to ſende ouer to hym hys Chauncellour as by an other inditement it appeareth. and for the accompliſhment of his [...]ed intent and purpoſe, (as in the enditement is alledged) the 24. of Aprill, in the fourthe yeare of the Kynges raigne, he ſent one of his Chaplaynes called Io, de la Court, vnto the priorie of Henton in Sommerſetſhire, whiche was an houſe of Chartreu[...] Monkes, thereto vnderſtande of one Nicholas Hopkins, a Monke of the ſame houſe (who was vaynely reputed by way of reuelation, to haue foreknowledge of things to come) what ſhoulde happen, concerning this matter, whiche hee hadde ymagyned, whiche Monke, cauſing the ſaid de la Courte firſte to ſweare vnto him, not to diſcloſe his words to anye manner of perſon, but only to the Duke his maiſter, therewith declared, that his maiſter the ſayde Duke, ſhoulde haue all, willing him for the accompliſhment of his purpoſe, to ſeeke to winne the fauour of the people. De la Court came backe with this aunſwere, and tolde it to the Duke at Thorneburye the morrow after, being the .25. of Aprill.

Alſo, the .22. of Iuly in the ſame fourth yeare, the Duke ſente the ſame de la Court, with letters vnto the ſaide Monke, to vnderſtand of him further of ſuch matters, and the Monke tolde to him againe for aunſwer, that the Duke ſhoulde haue all, and being aſked as well now as before, at the firſte time howe hee knewe this to be true, be ſayd, by the grace of God, and with this aunſwere, de la Court now alſo returning, declared the ſame vnto the D. the .24. of Iuly at Thornebury aforeſaid.

Moreouer, the ſaid Duke ſent the ſame de la Court againe vnto the ſayde Monke with hys letters, the ſixe and twentith of Aprill, in the fifth yeare of the Kings raigne, when the Kyng was to take hys iourney into Fraunce, requiring to vnderſtande, what ſhoulde become of theſe warres, and whether the Scottiſh King ſhoulde in the Kings abſence inuade this Realme or not. The Monke among other things for anſwere of theſe letters, ſent the Duke worde, that the King ſhould haue no iſſue ma[...].

Againe, the ſaide Duke the twentith daye of February, in the ſixth yeare of the Kings raigne, beeing at Thornebury, ſpake thoſe wordes vnto Raufe Earle of Weſtmerlande, Well, there are two new Dukes created heere in Englande, but if ought but good come to the King, the Duke of Buckingham ſhould be next in bloud to ſucceed to the Crowne.

After this, the ſaide D. on the ſixtenth daye of Aprill, in the ſaid ſixth yeare of the kings raigne, went in perſon vnto the priorie of Henton, and there had conference with the foreſaide Monke, Nicholas Hopkins, who tolde him, that he ſhuld be K. wherevnto the D. ſaide, that if it ſo chanced, he would ſhew himſelfe a iuſt and righteous prince. The Monke alſo tolde the Duke, that he knew this by reuelation, and willed hym in anye wiſe to procure the loue of the commōs, the better to atteine his purpoſed intention. The Duke the ſame time, gaue and promiſed to giue yerely vnto the ſaid priorie, ſixe pound, therwith to buy a tun of wine. And further, hee promiſed to giue vnto the ſame Priorie, in ready money twentie pound, whereof ten pounde he gaue in hand, towards the conueying of water vnto the houſe by a conduit. And to y^e ſaid Monke Nicholas Hopkins, he gaue at that preſente in reward three lb and at another time, fortie ſhillings, at an other time a marke, and at an other time ſixe ſhillings eight pence. After this, y^e twentith day of March, in the tenth yere of the Kings raigne, he came to the ſame Priorie, and eftſoones had conference with the ſaid Monke, to be more fully informed by him in the matters aboue ſpecified, at what time, the Monke alſo told him, that he ſhould be King, and the D. in talke tolde the Monke, that he hadde done very well to binde his Chaplayne Iohn de la Court, vnder the ſeale of confeſſion, to keepe ſecret ſuch matter, for if the king ſhould come to the knowledge thereof, it would be hys deſtruction. Likewiſe, the twentith daye of October, in the ſeuēth yeare of the kings raigne, and at diuers other times as well before as after, the ſaid D. had ſent his Chancellor Robert Gilbert Chaplaine, vnto London, there to buy certayne clothes of golde, ſiluer, and veluets, euery tyme ſo much as amounted to the world of three C. lb to the intent that the ſaid D. might beſtow y^e ſame, as wel vpon knightes, eſquiers, Gentlemē of the kings houſe, and yeomen of his gard, as vpon other the kings ſubiects, to winne theyr fauours and friendſhippes to aſſiſt him in his euill purpoſe, which clothes the ſaid Gilbert did buy, & brought the ſame vnto the ſaid D. who y^e twentith day of Ianuary, in the ſaid ſeuenth yere, and diuers other dayes and yeares before and after, did diſtribute & giue the ſame vnto certayne of y^e kings ſubiects, for the purpoſe afore recited, as by the inditemēt it was inferred. Furthermore, the ſaid duke, the tenth of Iuly, in y^e tenth yere of the kings raigne, & diuers other dayes and times, as wel before as after, did conſtitute more ſeuerall & perticuler officers in his Caſtels, honors, lordſhips, & lands than he was accuſtomed to haue, to the ende they might be aſſiſtant to him vnder coulour of ſuch offices, to breng his euill purpoſe to paſſe. Moreouer, the ſame D. ſent to the K. the tenth of May, in the tenth yere of his raigne, for licence to receiue any of the kings ſubiects, whom it ſhould pleaſe him, dwelling within: the ſhires of Hereford, Glouceſter, and Somerſetſhire, and alſo, than he might at his pleaſure, conuey diuers armures, and habiliments for war into Wales, to the intēt to vſe the ſame againſt the K. as the enditemente imported, for the accompliſhing of his naughtie purpoſe, whiche was to deſtroy the K. and to vſurp the royal gouernement and power to himſelfe, whiche ſute for licence to haue reteiners, & to conuey ſuche armours and habiliments of war, the ſaid Gilbert, the twentith day of May, in the ſaide ninth yere, and diuers other days before and after, at Lōdon, & Eaſt Greenewich did followe, labouring earneſtly, both to y^e K. and counſaile, for obteining y^e ſame. And the twentith day of Iuly in the ſaid ninth yeare, the ſaid D. ſent the ſaid Gilbert vnto Henton aforeſaid, to vnderſtād of the foreſaid Monke Nicholas Hopkins, what he heard of him: and y^e Mōke ſent him word, [...] Earle pro [...]fying Monke. that before Chriſtmas next, there ſhoulde bee a change, and that the Duke ſhoulde haue the rule and gouernement of all England. And moreouer, the twentith of February, in the eleuenth yere of the kings raigne, at Blechinglee in the countie of Surrey, the ſaid Duke ſaid vnto the ſaid Robert Gilbert his Chancellor, that he did expect and tarrie for a time more conuenient to atchieue his purpoſe, and that it myghte eaſily be done, if the nobles of this Realm would declare their mindes togither: but ſome of them miſtruſted, and feared to ſhew their minds togither, and that marred all. He ſaid further y^e ſame time vnto the ſaid Gilbert, that what ſoeuer was done by the kings father, was done by wrong: & ſtil the D. murmured againſt all that the Kyng then preſently reigning did. And further he ſaid, that he knew himſelfe to be ſo wicked a ſinner, y^t he wanted Gods fauour, and therefore he knew, that whatſoeuer he tooke in hand againſt the K. had the worſe ſucceſſe. And furthermore, y^t ſayd D. (to alienate the minds of the kings ſubiects, from their dutiful obeiſance towards the ſaid K. and his heires (the twētith day of September, in the firſt yere of his raigne) being then at Londō, reported vnto y^e ſaid Robert Gilbert, that he had a certaine writing ſealed with the Kings greate ſeale, comprehending a certaine acte of Parliament, in the which it was enacted, that the D. of Somerſet, one of the kings progenitors was made legitimate: and further, that the ſaid Duke meante to haue deliuered the ſame writing vnto K. Henry the ſeuenth, but (ſaid he) I woulde not that I had ſo done, for ten thouſand pound. And furthermore, the ſame D. the fourth day of Nouember, in the eleuenth yere of the kings raigne, at Eaſt Grenewich, in y^e countie of Kent, ſayde vnto one Charles Kniuet Eſquier, after that the K. had reproued the D. for reteining Wil. Bulmer Knighte, into his ſeruice, that if hee hadde perceiued that hee ſhould haue bin committed to the tower, as he doubted he ſhould haue bin, hee would haue ſo wrought, that the principal doers therein ſhould not haue had cauſe of great reioicing, for he would haue plaid the part which hys father intended to haue put in practiſe againſte K. Richarde the thirde at Saliſburie, who made earneſt ſute to haue come vnto the preſence of the ſame K. Richard, whiche ſuite, if hee might haue obteined, he hauing a knife ſecretely about hym, would haue thruſt it into the body of K. Richard as hee had made ſemblance to kneele downe before him, and in ſpeaking theſe words, he maliciouſly laid his hand vpon his dagger, and ſayde, that if he were ſo euil vſed, hee would do his beſt to accompliſh his pretenſed purpoſe, ſwearing to confirme his worde by the bloud of our Lorde. And beſide all this, the ſame D. the tenth daye of May, in the twelfth yeare of the kings raigne, at London, in a place called the Roſe, within y^e pariſh of S. Laurēce Poultney in Canwike ſtreete ward, demanded of the ſaid Charles Kniuet eſquier, what was the talke amōg the Londoners, concerning the kings iourney beyond the ſeas: & the ſaid Charles told him, y^t many ſtood in doubt of y^e iourney, leaſt the frenchmen meant ſome deceit towards y^e K. wherevnto the D. anſwered, y^t it was to be feared, leaſt it would come to paſſe, according to the words of a certaine holy Mōke. For ther is (ſaith he) a certain Chartreux Mōke, that diuers times hath ſent to me, willing me to ſend vnto him my Chancellor, and I did ſende vnto him Iohn de la Court my Chaplain, vnto whom he would not declare any thing, til De la Courte had ſworne vnto him to keepe al things ſecret, and to tel to no creature liuing, what he ſhould heare of him, except it were to me, and thē the ſaide Monke tolde to De la Court, neither y^t the K. nor his heires ſhould proſper, and that I ſhoulde endeuour my ſelfe to purchaſe the good willes of the cōmunaltie of England, for I the ſame D. and my bloud ſhould proſper, & haue the rule of the realm of Englād. Then ſaid Charles Kniuet, the Monke may be deceiued through y^e Diuels illuſion, and that it was euil to medle w^t ſuch matters. Well ſaide the D. it can not hurte me, and ſo (ſaith the enditement) the D. ſemed to reioyce in the dukes wordes. And further, y^e ſame time, the D. told the ſaid Charles, that if the K. had miſcaried now in his laſt ſickneſſe, he would haue chopped off the heads of the Cardinall, of ſir Tho. Louel knight, & of others, and alſo ſaid, that he had rather die for it, than to be ſo vſed as he had bin. Moreouer, the [...]th day of September, in the ſaid eleuēth ye[...] of this kings raigne, at Bl[...]ghe, in the C[...] of Surrey, walking in the gallerie therewith George Neuill Knight, K. of Burgauenny, the D. murmuring againſt the kings counſellors and their gouernment, ſaid vnto the ſaid George, that if the kyng dyed, hee woulde haue the rule of the Realme in ſpite of who ſo euer ſaid the contrary, and withal ſaid, that if the ſaid L[...] Burguennie woulde ſay, that the D. had ſpokē ſuch words, he would fight with him, and lay his ſword vpon his pate, and this he bound vp with many great othes.

Theſe were the ſpeciall articles and poyntes compriſed in the enditemente, and laide to hys charge, but how truely, or in what ſort proued, I haue not further to ſay, eyther in accuſing or excuſing him, other then as I fynde in Hall and Polidor, whoſe words in effect, I haue thoughte good to impart to y^e reader, & without any parcial wreſting of the ſame, eyther too or fro: ſauing y^t (I truſt) I may without offence ſay that as y^e rumor then went, the Cardinal chiefly procured y^e death of this noble man, no leſſe fauoured and beloued of the people of this realme in that ſeaſon, than the Cardinall himſelfe was hated and enuyed, whiche thing cauſed the Dukes fall the more to be pitied & lamented, ſith he was the mā of all other, that chiefly went about to croſſe the Cardinall in his lordly demeanour, and heady proceedings. But to the purpoſe. Shortly after that the D. had bin endited (as before yee haue hearde) he was arraigned in Weſtminſter Hal,The Duke of Buckingham araigned at Weſtminſter. before the Duke of Norffolke, being made by y^e kings letters patents, high ſteward of Englād, to accompliſh y^e high cauſe of appeale of y^e peere, or peeres of the realme, and to decerne and iudge the cauſes of the peeres. There were alſo appoynted to ſitte as peeres and iudges vpon the ſaide D. of Buckingham, the Duke of Suffolke,The names of the Dukes peetes for hys triall. the Marques Dorſet, the Erles of Worceſter, Deuonſhire, Eſſex, Shreweſburie, Kent, Oxford, and Derby, the Lord of Saint Iohns, the Lord de la Ware, the lord Fitz Warren, the Lord Willoughby, the Lord Brooke, the Lorde Cobham, the Lord Herbert, and the Lord Morley. There was made within the Hall at Weſtminſter a Scaffolde for theſe Lords, and a preſence for a Iudge, rayled and counterrayled about, and barred with degrees. When the lordes had taken their place, the Duke was brought to the barre, and vppon his arraignemente pleaded not giltie, and put hymſelfe vpō his peeres. Thē was the enditement read, which the D. denied to be true, and (as he was an cloquent man) alledged reaſons to falſifye the enditement,Polidor. Hall. pleadyng the matter for his owne iuſtification very pithely, and earneſtly. The Kings attourney againſt the Dukes reaſons alledged the examinations, confeſſions, and proues of witneſſes. The D. deſired that y^e witneſſes might be brought forth, & then came before him Charles Kneuet, Perke, de la Court, & Hopkins the Monke of the Priory of the Charterhouſe beſide Bath, which like a falſe Hypocrite, had enduced the Duke to the treaſon, with his falſe forged propheſies. Diuers preſumptions and accuſations were layd to him by Charles Kneuet, which he would faine haue couered. The depoſitions were redde, and the deponents deliuered as priſoners to the officer[...] of the Tower.

Finally to conclude,The Duke of Buckingham conuict of treaſon. there was he found giltie by hys peeres, and hauing iudgemente to ſuffer as in caſe of treaſon is vſed, was led agayne to his Barge, and ſo conueyed by water to the Temple, where he was ſet a land, and there Sir Nicholas Vaux, and ſir Wil. Sands Baronc[...]s receiued him, and led him through the ſtreetes of the Citie to the Tower as a caſt man. On Friday the ſeuententh of May, he was with a great power deliuered to the Sheriffes of Lōdon, who led him to the Scaffold on Tower hill about a eleuen of the clocke, and there he was beheaded.The Duke of Buckingham beheaded.

The Auſteyne Friers tooke his head and body, and buried them.

Great lamentation was made for his death, but ſuch is the ende (ſaid ſome) of ambition, falſe prophecies, euill life, and naughty counſell.

In this meane while, were the Emperoure and the Frenche King fallen at variance, ſo that the warre was renued betwixt them for the pacifying whereof,Cardinall Wolſey ſent ouer to Calais. the Cardinall of Yorke was ſent ouer to Calais, where the Ambaſſadors of both thoſe princes were appoynted to come vnto him. He arriued there the ſecond of Auguſt.

There went ouer with him the Erle of Worceſter, then L. Chamberlain, the L. of S. Iohns, the Lord Feerers, the L. Herbert, the B. of Du [...]eſme, the B. of Ely, the pri[...]te of A[...]ma[...]ca[...], ſir Tho. Bulleigne, ſir Iohn Peche, ſir Io. Huſſey, ſir Rich. Wingflew, ſir Henry Guilford, and many other knightes, eſquiers, Gentlemen, doctors, [...]peror [...]e French [...] theyr [...]ors [...] at Ca [...] [...] neare [...]ace. & learned men. Shortly after his [...]iuall at Calais, thither came the Chancellor of France, and the counte de Palice, with foure C. horſe, as Ambaſſadors from the French K. and likewiſe from the Emperoure came great Ambaſſadors, either partie beeing furniſhed with ſufficient cō miſſions, to treate & conclude of peace as ſhould appeare, but yet whē it came to the point, as the one partie ſeemed conformable to reaſonable offers, ſo the other would not encline that way, in ſo much, that they were neuer at one time agreeable to anye indifferente motion that coulde bee made. Ther were alſo the P[...]pes Ambaſſadors, wherevpon, the Cardinall would haue furthered a league betwixte the Emperour, the K. of England, the King of France, and the Pope: but the Popes Ambaſſadors wanted commiſſion thereto, and therefore were letters ſent to Rome in all haſt, and the frenchmen taried ſtil in Calais, till anſwere came from thence. The Cardinall rode into Flanders to ſpeake with y^e Emperour, whiche as thē lay in Bruges: A mile without Bruges the Emperoure receiued him, and did to hym as much honour as could be deuiſed. The w[...]re was great which was made to the Engliſhmen, and of euery thing there was ſuche plentie, that there was no wante of things neceſſary.The Emperor [...]eth the Cardinal with [...] honor [...]nges. The Cardinal after he had ſoiouened in Bruges by y^e ſpace of thirtene dayes, & concluded diuers matters with the Emperour, & accompliſhed his cō miſſion, he tooke leaue of his maieſtie, and by cō uenient iourneis, returned to Calais, where the Ambaſſadors of France tarried his comming, & immediately after his returne to Calais, he treated with them of peace, but not ſo earneſtly as he did before. In fine, nothing was concluded, but only that fiſhermen of both the Princes, myght freely fiſhe on the ſeas without diſturbance, till y^e ſecond of February next. When no concluſiō of agreement could be accorded, the Cardinall ſent to the Emperour the Lord of S. Iohns, and ſir Tho. Bullein Knight, to aduertiſe his maieſtie what had bin done, and likewiſe to the Frēch K. (as then lying in camp with a mightie army in the marches about Cambrey) the Erle of Worceſter, and the B. of Ely were ſente to enforme him of all things that had bin mocioned, exhorting him to encline to peace, but hee gaue little tare thereto: and then after they had bin a nynetene or twenty dayes in his boſt, they returned. During the cōtinuance of the Cardinall in Calais,Cardinall Wolſey carieth the great ſeale with him to Calais, and there ſealeth writtes and patents. all writtes and patents were there by hym ſealed, and no Sheriffes choſen for lacke of hys preſence, hauing there with him the great ſeale, & ful power in things, as if the King had bin there in perſon. Ambaſſadors comming from the K. of Hungary towardes the K. of England, were receiued honorably of the Cardinall during his abode in Calais. After the returne of the Engliſh Ambaſſadors, which the Cardinall had ſent to y^e Emperour,Polidor. and to the french K. he returned into Englande, hauing (as ſome write) concluded a new league with the Emperour, and ſignified by way of intendment to the french K. in the treatie with his Ambaſſadors, that the K of Englād meane him not ſo muche friendſhip, as of late he had done, for diuers cauſes, but ſpecialy this was vttered, that where it was concluded that the K. of Scottes ſhould be included within the league (as before ye haue heard) contrary to that agreement, the ſaide K. refuſed to enter as a confederate into the ſame league: and this no doubt proceded through counſell of y^e french, by whome he was wholly guided. This quarrell was layd as an occaſion, way to moue the K. of Englande (perceiuing himſelfe to bee diſſembled with) to withdraw his good wil from the French K. who when he vnderſtood the drifts of the Cardinall, & concluſion of the new league con[...]emed betwixt the K. of Englande and the Emperour, he condemneth the Cardinall of vntroth, accuſeth hym of diſſimulation, abhorreth his practiſes, as by y^e whiche he loſt the fruition of the K. of Englande his friendſhip, and might no longer enioy it and heerewith hee determined with himſelfe neuer to put confidence in any Engliſh man after, nor to beſtow any giftes or penſions vpon them, for he vſed yearely to ſende vnto diuers of the Kynges counſaile after the maner of his predeceſſors ſundry giftes and ſummes of money: and bicauſe he had imployed more on the Cardinall than on y^e reſidue, he was the more offended towarde hym, as the head of all this iniurious doing. Yet bee found not himſelfe ſo muche greeued, as to vtter any bitter words towards the K. but contrarily within a while after, directed his leters vnto him, ſignifying, that he meant to continue the league as his friend: but it may be he did this after a diſſembling ſort, bicauſe he would not be at warres with two ſo mightie Princes at one tyme.

In this meane while,Hote warres betweene the Emperor and the french K. the warre was purſued betwixt the Emperour, and the French Kyng, as well on the confynes towards Flanders, as beyond the Mountaynes in the parties of Lombardy.Tourney beſieged by the Emperor hys men. Tourney was beſieged by the Lorde Hugh de Moncada, a Spanyard, the whyche commyng vppon the ſuddayne, tooke manye abrode the [...] fields, ere they knew of his approch, & after this, comming afore y^e Citie, he enuironed it with a ſiege, to keepe the Citizens from ſtirring forth, and ſēt part of his army with y^e light horſemē, to forley the ſtreetes and paſſages, that no ſuccour ſhould come to them within.

The Frenche Kyng aſſembled an armye, in hope to aide them of Tourney, with men, munitions, and vittailes, the whiche armye aſſayed twice or thrice with all indeuour, to haue approched the Citie, but in vayne, for with no ſmall loſſe the Frenche were repulſed by the imperials, which neuertheles, felt their part of ſlaughter,Hall. loſing ſundry of their Captaynes, as baſterd Emery, and the Captaine of Gaunt. Finally, the French army brake vp, and was diſperſed into fortreſſes,Tourney deliuered vp to the Emperor. wherevppon, they of Tourney perceiuing the ſuccours which they hoped for, to faile them thus at neede, rendred the Citie to the Emperour the laſt of Nouēber, in this thirtenth yere of King Henries raigne.

Polidor. Cardinal Wolſey maketh meanes to be elected Pope.Pope Leo died this yere, and doctor Richarde Pace was ſent to Rome, to make friends in the behalfe of y^e Cardinal of Yorke, who was brought into a vayne hope, through the kings fauour and furtherance, to be elected Pope, but Adrian y^e ſixthe of that name was choſen before Doctor Pace could come to Rome, and ſo that ſute was daſhed. Yet Pace kept forthe his iourney according to his commiſſion. This Pace was a right worthye man,The deſcription of Doctor Pace. and one that gaue in counſayle faithfull aduice. Learnes he was alſo, & endowed with many excellent good giftes of nature, courteous, pleaſant, and delighting in muſicke, highly in the kings fauour, and well heard in matters of weight. But the more the Prince fauoured him, the more was he miſliked of the Cardinall, who ſought only to beare all the rule himſelf, and to haue no partner, ſo that he procured that this doctor Pace vnder coulour of Ambaſſades, to be ſent forth of the Realme, that his preſence about the King, ſhould not win him too muche authoritie and fauour at the kings hands.

Hall. Doctor Tunſtall made Byſhop of London.This yeare was a great death in London and other places of the Realme. Many men of honor and great worſhip dyed, and amongſt other, the Biſhop of London, doctor Fitz Iames, in whoſe place was doctor Tunſtall elected. The Earle of Surrey returned out of Ireland, and came to the court the fiue and twentith of Ianuary.1523 Many complaintes were made by the Merchaunts to the King and his counſaile of the Frenchmen, which ſpoyled them by ſea of their goodes, for by reaſon that the warres were open betwixte the Emperour, and the French King, many ſhippes of warre were abroade, [...] on both partes, and nowe and then the Engliſhmen fell into their handes, and were vſed as enimies, namely by the French men, which naturally hated the Engliſhmen.

The Frenche Kings Ambaſſadors promiſed [...]ſtitution of euery thing, b[...]eſſe was reſtored.

In this moneth of Ianuary therefore, the King commaunded all his Shippes to be rigged, and made ready, whiche was done with all diligence.

The ſeconde daye of February,The title of defendor of the faith [...] the King England [...] his [...] euer. the King as then being at Gr[...]ewi[...]h, [...] a Bull from the Pope, whereby hee was declared defendor of the Chriſtian faith, and likewiſe his ſucceſſors for euer.

The Cardinal of Yorke ſang the high Maſſe that day with all the pompous [...]ſ[...]itie that might be, and gaue cleane remiſſion of ſinnes to all that heard it. In this meane time, grudges and diſpleaſures ſtill grew and increaſed betwixt the King of England and the French King, ſo that their greetes rancled dayly more and more, till at length the Duke of Albany returned into Scotlande, contrary to that whiche was couenaunted by the league. The french King indeede alledged, that hee was not priuie to his gayng thither, and wrote to the King, that the ſayde Duke was entred Scotland without his aſſent, but it was otherwiſe iudged and knowen, that he had commiſſion of the French K. to goe thyther. Heerevpon, the K. was ſore offended, and prepared for warres, muſ[...]ers were made of able men, and a note taken of what ſubſtance men were of. The King alſo ſe[...] ſixe ſhippes to the ſea, wel trimmed, maned, and vitailed.Chriſtopher Coo. The Admirall was one Chriſtopher Coo, an expert ſea man. His commiſſion was, to ſauegard y^e merchants, & other the kings ſubiects, that were greeuouſly ſpoyled and robbed on the ſea, by French men, Scottes, and other rouers. The eighth of February, the Lord Dacres, warden of the marches fore ancinſt Scotlande, entred into Scotland with fiue C. men by the kings commaundemente, and there proclaimed, that the Scottes ſhould come in, to the kings peace, by the firſte of March following, or elſe to ſtand at their perils, the D. of Albany being then within fiue miles with a mighty power of Scottes.The Lord of Burgey[...]y araigned at Weſtminſter The eleuenth of Februarye, the L. Aburguēnie was brought from the Tower to Weſtminſter, and there in the kings bench confeſſed his enditement of miſpriſion. The Lord Montagewe was aboute the ſame time reſtored to the kings fauour. The ſecond of Marche, certaine noble men of the Empire, ariued in Englande, to paſſe into Spayne, who were honorably receyued, and in honor of them, greate iuſtes and triumphes were made, which beeing finiſhed and done, they tooke theyr leaue and departed on their iourney. A Scottiſh rouer called Duncane Camell, after long fight, was taken on the Sea by Iohn Arundell an eſquier of Cornewall, who preſented hym to the K. He was committed to the Tower, and there remayned priſoner a long ſeaſon. All the Kings: ſhippes were putte in a readineſſe, ſo that by the beginning of Aprill, they were rigged and trimmed ready to make ſaile. This yeare, dyed the L. Broke, ſir Edward Poinings, Knight of the garter. ſir Iohn Pechy, & ſir Edw. Belknap, valiant Captaines, which were ſuſpected to be poiſoned at a banket made at Arde, when the two kings met laſt. [...]e dearthe [...]. Wheate was ſolde this yeare in the Citie of Londō, for twenty ſhillings a quarter, and in other places for .26. ſhillings eyghte pence.

In this yeare, Gawan Dowglas, Biſhop of Dunkell fled out of Scotland into England, bicauſe the D. of Albany being come thither, had takē vpon him the whole gouernement of the K. and Realme there, the ſequeale of whoſe doings, this B. ſore miſtruſted. The K. aſſigned to thys B. an honeſt penſion to liue on. And ſhortly after, [...]caux [...] into Scotlande. was Clarēceaux y^e Herrault ſent into Scotland, to the D. of Albany, to commaund him to auoid that Realme for diuers conſiderations, & if he would not, then to defie him, ſith contrary to the articles of the league concluded betwixte France and England, he was entred Scotland without his licence. The D. refuſed to accompliſh the kings commandement, and was therefore defyed by the ſaide Clarenceaux. The ſixth of Marche,The Frenche King attacheth the Englishemen goodes [...] burdeaux. the french K. commanded all Engliſhmens goods, being in Burdeaux, to bee attached, and put vnder arreſt, and reteined not only the money due to bee paide for the reſtitution of Tourney, but alſo withheld the french Queenes dower.

[...]dor.The Cardinall vnderſtanding that he was euill ſpoken of, for vſing his power legantine to ſuche aduantage as he did, in ſelling graces and diſpenſations,The Cardinals [...]rie. he thought to beſtowe ſome parte therof amongſt the people freely, without taking any thing for the ſame: and therevppon, when Lent drew neere, he appointed the Preachers at Paules croſſe, to declare, that it ſhould be lawful to all perſons for that Lent ſeaſon, to eate milke, butter, cheeſe, and egges, and to the ende that no man ſhoulde haue any ſcrupulouſneſſe of conſcience in ſo doing, hee by his authoritie graunted remiſſion of ſinnes to all thoſe that did rate ſuch white meates, knowing as it were afore hande, that the people gyuen to the obſeruance of theyr religious faſt, woulde not eaſily bee broughte to breake the ſame, contrarye to the auntiente cuſtome vſed in their countrey.

Neyther was he deceiued therein, for ſo farre were the people from receiuing or accompting this as a benefyte, that they tooke it rather for a wicked and curſed dede in thoſe y^t receiue it, and fewe or almoſt none coulde he enduce to breake their olde order, and ſcrupulous trade in that behalfe.

The King vnderſtanding howe his ſubiectes were handled at Burdeaux by the Frenche kings commandement in breach of the league,An. reg. 14. the Frenche Ambaſſador was called afore the Counſell,The Frenche Ambaſſador is called before the counſell. and the Cardinall layde ſore to hys charge, that contrarie to his promiſe at all tymes made on the Frenche kyng his maſters behalf, affirming that he ment nothing but peace and amitie to be obſerued in all poyntes with the Kyng of England, yet nowe the Engliſh Merchaunts had not onely theyr goods ſtayed at Burdeaux, but alſo they and theyr factors were layde in priſon, in full breach of all peace and amitie aforetime concludad.

The ambaſſador in words ſo wel as he could excuſed his maſter, but in the end he was commaunded to kepe his houſe, and the French hoſtages that were appoynted here to remain for the money to be payde for the deliuerie of Turney were committed to the ſafe keeping of the Lord of Saint Iohns, ſir Thomas Louell,The Frenchemen in Londō are all areſted and put to their fines. ſir Andrew Windſor, and ſir Thomas Neuill euery of them to haue one. Herewith alſo all the Frenchmen in London wee arreſted, cōmitted to priſō,Polidor. & put to their fines: but they wer more curteouſly vſed than the Engliſhemen were in Frāce, for after they had bin in durācex days, they wer ſet at libertie, vpon finding ſureties in appere before y^e Maior, or elſe afore the coūſel at a certain day, & to pay y^e fine vpon thē aſſeſſed, which fine the King pardoned to diuers of the pooreſt ſort. But in cōpariſon of the Scottiſhe nation, you would haue ſaide,All the Scottes in Englande apprehended and fined. the Frenchemen were in ſmall diſpleaſure: for not only thoſe that were borne in Scotlande, but alſo diuers Northernmen borne within Engliſh ground, for enuious ſpyte called Scottes, were apprehended, impriſoned, and grieuouſly fined, although ſome of them by ſtrayte enquirie t[...]yed to be Engliſhmen, eſcaped without paying the fyne.The nauy ſetteth forthe. Ther were ſent to the ſea vnder the conduite of ſir William fitz William viceadmiral .xxviij. goodly ſhips wel manned and trimmed for the warres, and .vij. other ſhips were ſente towardes Scotlande, whiche entred the Forth, and profered to enter the Scottiſh ſhips that laye in the hauens, but the Scots ranne theyr ſhippes a lande, and the Engliſhmenne followed with boates, landed, and ſette the ſhippes on fyre, and at Lith tooke certain priſoners, which they brought into Englande: and ſtill the kings great Nauie kepte the narowe ſeas: for then was neither peace betwixt England and France nor opē warres. The K. vnderſtanding y^t the emperor wold come to Caleis ſo to paſſe into Engl. as he went towards Spayn, appointed the Lord Marques Dorſet to goe ouer to Calais, there to receiue him, and likewiſe the Lord Cardinall was appoynted to receiue him at Douer.Cardinall Wolſey hys pomp, when he receiued the Emperour at Douer. The Cardinall takyng his iourney forward the twentith of May, rode through Lōdon, accompanied with two Erles, ſixe and thirtie knightes, and an hundred Gētlemen, eyght Byſhops, ten Abbots, thittie Chaplaynes, all in veluet and ſattin, and yeomen ſeauen hundred. The Marqueſſe Dorſes was gone ouer before vnto Calais, and the fiue and twenteth of May being Sonday, the ſaid Marqueſſe,The Marques Dorſet receyueth the Emperour at Graueling. with the Byſhop of Chicheſter, the Lorde de la Ware, & diuers other at y^t water of Graueling, receiued the Emperoure in the name of the K. of England, and with all honor brought him to Calais, where he was receiued with proceſſion, & by the L. Berneis lieutenant of the towne, by the Maior and Merchantes of the Staple in the beſt maner that might be deuiſed. On the Monday hee tooke ſhippe at Calais,The Emperor landeth at Douer. and landed at Douer, where the Cardinall with three hundred Lords, Knightes, and Gentlemen of England, was ready to receiue him, and with al honor that mighte bee, brought him to the Caſtell where he was lodged. On the Wedneſday, beeing the Aſcention euen, the king came to Douer, and there with great ioy and gladneſſe, the Emperour and he met. On the Friday in the after n[...]one, they departed from Douer, and came that night to Canterbury, and ſo from thence by enſie iourneys to Greenewiche, where the Queene receiued hir nephew with all the ioy that might be. Heere the Emperour tarried certaine dayes in great ſolace and pleaſure. And the more to honor his preſende, [...]uſtes and Tourneys at Grenewich. royall iuſtes and iourneys were appoynted, the which were furniſhed in moſt triumphant maner. The K. and the Earle of Deuonſhire, and ten aydes with them, keeping the place againſte the Duke of Suffolke, the Marques Dorſet, and other tenne aydes vppon theyr part. On Friday the ſixth of Iune, the King and the Emperoure with all their companies, marched towards London, where the City was prepared for their entrie, after the maner as is vſed at a coronation, ſo that nothing was forgotten that might ſet forth the honor of the Citie.

Sundry pageants were deuiſed, and ſtages very faire and excellent to behold, with ſuch melodie of inſtruments, and other tokēs of ioy and gladneſſe, that wōder it was to conſider the maner thereof.

The Emperor was lodged at the blacke Friers, and all his nobles in y^e new palace of Bridewell.

On Whitſonday beeing the eyght of Iune, the Emperour and the King rode to the Cathedrall Churche of Saint Paule, and there hearde Maſſe, whiche was ſong by the Cardinall,Note the p[...] of Cardinall Wolſ[...]y. that had his trauers, and cupbord.

Before Maſſe, two Barons gaue him water, and after the Goſpell, two Earles, and at y^e laſt lauatorie, two dukes, which pride, the Spanyards ſore diſdeyned.

The Emperoure thus remained with the K. certaine dayes, and rode to diuers places wyth him, beeing ſtil feaſted and banqueſted, and had all the pleaſure ſhewed to him that mighte be imagined. At Windeſor they carried a whole weeke and more, where on Corpus Chriſtiday, the Emperoure ware his mantell of the ga[...]ter, and ſate in his owne ſtall.

The ſame day, both the Princes receyued the Sacramente,The Emperor and the King of Englande ſweare each to other to obſerue the league made betwixt them. and after that ſeruice was ended, they tooke their corporall othes to keepe and obſerue the league, which was concluded betwixte them. On the morrow after, they departed from Windeſor, and by ſoft and eaſie iourneys, they came to Wincheſter, the[...] of Iune.

Before the Emperour was thus come to Wincheſter, the Earle of Surrey being highe Admirall of Englande, was come to Hampton with all the Kings nauie, and with him the L. Fitzwater, the baron Curſon, ſir Nicholas Carewe, ſir Richard Wingfielde, ſir Richard Ierningham, Francis Brian, ſir William Barentine, ſir Adrian Foſkew, ſir Edward Done, ſir Edwarde Chamberlaine, ſir Richarde Co[...]nwall, ſir Anthonie Poynes, ſir Henrie Sh[...]boen, and the Viceadmirall ſir William Fitzwilliam, ſir Edmunde Bray, ſir Gyles Capell, ſir Williā Pirton, Iohn Cornewalles, ſir Iohn Wallop, ſir Edward Echingham, ſir William Sidney, Anthonie Browne, Gyles Huſey, Thomas More, Iohn Ruſſell, Edwarde Bray, Henrie Owen, George Cobham, Thomas Owdhall, Thomas Louell, Robert Ierningham, Anthonie Kniuet, ſir Iohn Tremayle, and ſir William Scauington the Maiſter of the kings ordinance, and Iohn Fabian ſergeant at armes, by whome this enterpriſe was chiefly moued, with diuers other, the which in the ende of Iune departed from Hampton, noyſing that they ſhould onely ſcoure the ſeas for ſafegarde of the Emperour and his nauie.

The firſt of Iuly, the Emperours nauie came before Hampton, conteyning Clxxx. goodlye ſhippes.The Emperor departeth out of Englande [...]ds Spain Then the Emperour tooke leaue of the King, of whome he had many great gifts, and notable ſummes of money by way of loane, and ſo the vj. of Iuly, he tooke his ſhyppe, and made ſayle towardes Spayne, where he arriued in ſafetie the x. day after.

The king borowed of the citie of London xx. M. poundes, and deliuered priuie ſeales for warrant of the repayment. None were charged but men of good wealth. The lyke loane was practiſed through al the Realme, not without grudge of many perſons, that were called vpon for the ſame.

The Earle of Surrey hauing waſted the Emperour ouer to the coaſt of Biſcay, vpon hys returne finding the wynde fauourable, according to his inſtructions, made to the coaſt of Britain, & landing with his people (in number vij.M.) about v. miles from Morleys, marched thither, and aſſaulting the towne, wan it, for the maiſter gunner Chriſtopher Morreys hauing there certaine fawcons,The maner of the winning of Morleys in Britaine by the Earle of S[...]ey. with the ſhorte of one of them, ſtroke the locke of the wicket in the gate, ſo that it flewe open, and then the ſame Chriſtopher & other gentlemen, with their ſouldiers, in the ſmoke of the gunnes preſſed to the gates, and finding the wicket open, entred, and ſo finallye was the towne of Morleys wonne, and put to ſacke. The ſouldiers gayned much by the pillage, for the towne was exceeding riche, and ſpecially of lynnen cloth. When they had ri[...]ed the towne throughly, and taken their pleaſure of all things therein, the Earle cauſed them by ſ[...]d of trumpet to reſort to their ſtandardes, and after they had ſet fire in y^e towne, & burned a great part thereof, the Earle returned with his armie towardes his ſhippes, burning the villages by the way, and all that night lay[...] land[...].

On the morowe after they tooke their ſhips, and when they were beſtowed on boorde, the Earle commaunded xvj. or xvij. ſhippes ſmall and greate, lying there in the hauen, to bee brent.

When the L. Admirall had thus wonne the towne of Morleys,Diuers gentlemen knighted by the Earle of Surrey vpon the winning [...] Morleys. he called to him certayne eſquires, and made them knights, as ſir Frauncis Brian, ſir Anthony Browne, ſir Richard Cornwale, ſir Thomas More, ſir Gilas Huſey, ſir Iohn Ruſſell, ſir Iohn Reyufforde, ſir George Cobham, ſir Iohn Cornewalles, ſir Edwarde Rigley, and diuers other.

After this they continued a whyle on the coaſt of Britaine, and diſquieted the Britons, by entring their hauens, and ſometimes landing and doing diuerſe diſpleaſures to the inhabitantes about the coaſt. After that the Earle had lyen a whyle thus on the coaſt of Britaine, hee was countermaunded by the Kings letters, and thervpon brought backe his whole fleete to a place called the Cow, vnder the Iſle of Wight, and then went a lande himſelfe, diſcharging the more part of his people, and leauing the reſidue with certayne ſhyppes vnder the gouernaunce of the Veceadmirall ſir William Fitzwilliam,Polidor[...]. to kepe the ſeas againſt the French.

In this meane whyle, diuerſe exploytes were atchieued betwixt them of the garriſons in the marches of Caleys, and the Frenchmenne of Bollongne and Bollongnoys, but ſtill the loſſe ranne for the more part on the French ſide. For the Englyſhe frontiers were well and ſtronglye furniſhed with good numbers of men of warre, and gouerned by right ſage and valiant Captaynes which dayly made inuaſions vppon the Frenche confines, and namely Sir Willyam Sandes treaſurer of the towne of Caleys, and ſir Edward Guilforde Marſhall, were two that did the Frenchmen moſt diſpleaſure.

The thirde of Iulye, three hundreth Frenche horſemen coming neare to the caſtell of Guines, kept themſelues in couert, appointing viij. or x. of their companie to ſhewe themſelues in ſight to the Engliſhmen within, wherevpon there went forth viij. archers, and fell in ſkirmiſh with thoſe horſemen, til there came three other to the reſkew of the Frenchmen, and ſkirmyſhed wyth the Archers on foote. Herewith iſſued forthe of Guyſnes, twelue Demilances all Welchmen, [...] of the footemen, and then all the troupe of the Frenchhorſmen brake forth and ſet on the Welchmen, the footemen ſo long as they had any arrowes to beſtowe, ſhot luſtily, and in the moe were driuen to defende themſelues with their ſwordes, the Welchmen keeping togither, entryd into the bende of the Frenchmen, drake their ſpeares, and [...] tought and layde aboute them with their ſwordes, ſo that they made a waye,The valiancie of the Welchmen. and eſcaped from thoſe three hundreth French horſmen: of the French ſide were ſlayne three men and fiue horſes, the Engliſhe archers on foote ſelling their liues dearly, were all ſhine, for the Frenchmen woulde not take any of them priſoners, they were ſo angrie for the loſſe of their fellowes.

The xxv. of Iuly, the Treaſurer and Marſhall of Caleis with fourtene hundred footemen, entred the French pale, and finding not Monſieur de Foynt for whom they ſought, they went to Whitſande bay, ſet the towne on fire, and aſſaulting the Church, into the which the people were withdrawn, want it, & afterwards ſet [...]ce on the ſteeple, bicauſe that diuers hauing ſhut vppe themſelues therein through counſell of a Prieſt that was with them, refuſed to yeelde till the fire cauſed them to leape downe, and to manye of them periſhed, and the reſt were taken priſoners, and led to Caleis.

About two days before this, to wit, the xxiij. of Iuly, one Thwaltes a Captaine of an Engliſhe ſhip, with vj. ſcoremen, archers and other, tooke lande beſide Bolongne, and paſſing vp into the countrie three myles to a towne called New caſtell, forrayed all the partes as he went, and in his returne ſet fire on that towne, and burnt a great part thereof, and came agayne to his ſhippe in ſafetie, notwithſtanding lxxx. hagbutters, and three hundreth other men of warre of the countrie, came forth and purſued the Engliſhmen very fiercely, but the Engliſhmen putting them backe, got to their ſhippe, and loſt not a man.

The Lordes Roſſe and Dacres of the north inuade Scotlande, and ſpoyle the countrey.Moreouer, whyleſt the warres were thus followed in Fraunce, the Lorde Roſſe, and the Lorde Dacres of the North, whiche were appoynted to keepe the borders againſt Scotland, burnte the towne of Kelfie, and foure ſcore villages, and ouerthrewe eyghtene towers of ſtone, with all their barnekines.

Alſo the King appointed the earle of Shrewſburie to be his Lieutenant generall of the north partes, agaynſt the inuaſion which was intended by the Duke of Albanie, which Earle directed his letters to all the ſhires lying from Trent Northwarde, that all men ſhoulde be in a readyneſſe.

Order was taken by the Cardinall, that the [...] value of all [...] [...]ance might be known,The Cardinal will haue euery man ſworn to tell what he is worth. and he woulde haue had euerye man ſworne to haue vntied the true valuation of that they were worth, and required a tenth part thereof to be graunted & towardes the Kings charges nowe in his warres, in lyke caſe as the Spiritualtie had graun[...]ed a fourth part, and were content to liue on the other three partes. This demaunde was thought grieuous to them of the Citie of London where the Cardinall firſt mooued it, ſo that many reaſons were alledged by them why they iudged themſelues ſore delt with. In the ende they brought in their billes, which were receyued vpon their honeſties.

The King in this meane tyme,The Earle of Surrey ſent with an armie to inuade Fraunce. being nowe entred into warres with Fraunce, thought not to ſuffer his enimies to reſt in quiet, and therefore leuied an armie which he ſent oure ſo Caleys, appoynting the Earle of Surrey to be generall of the ſame. When the Earle was come to Caleys, and had taken order in his buſineſſe for that iourney, he ſet forwarde with his armie, being deuided into three battayles or wards, of the which, the firſt was led by ſir Robert Rafcliffe, Lord Fitzwater, the middle ward or battayle, the Earle himſelfe guyded, and with him was his brother the Lorde Edmunde Howarde. The rerewarde was gouerned by Sir William Sandes, and Sir Richarde Wingfielde both being knightes of the Garter. Captaine of the horſemen was Sir Edward [...] forde.

They entred into the French grounde the ſeconde of September being Tueſday, and tooke their iourney towarde Heding:The Burgeuions ioine with the Engliſhe hoſte. by the way there came vnto them a great power of Burgouions from the Ladie Margaret, as then Regent of Flaunders, according to the Articles of the league.

All the townes, villages, and caſtelles in the countrie through the which they marched, were burned, waſted, and deſtroyed on euerye ſide of their way, as the towne and Caſtell of Selloys, the townes of Brume bridge, Senekerke, Botingham, and Manſtier, the towne and caſtell of Nerbins, the towne of Dauerne, the Caſtels of Columberge, and Rew, the towne and Church fortified of Boardes, Saint Marie de Boys, the towne of Vans, the Towne and Caſtell of Fringes.

The xvj. daye of September, the Earle of Surrey with his armie of Engliſhmē and Burgonions, came before the Caſtell of Heding,The caſtell of Heding beſieged by the Engliſhmen. and planted his ſiege before it. The towne was entred, and parte thereof burned by the Burgonions. Within the Caſtell was Captayne, Monſieur de Bitz hauing prouided for defence of the place, all thynges neceſſarye, ſo that the Earle of Surrey, & other the captayns of the hoſte, perceyuing they could not within any ſhort time win it, after they had bene before it xj. dayes, they rayſed their ſiege, chiefely bycauſe they had no great battering peeces to oueruerthrow: the walles, for the wether was ſuch, and the wayes waxed ſo deepe towarde the later ende of that Sommer, that they coulde not conuey with them any great ordinance.

From Heſding they paſſed forwarde, and cō ming to Dorlens, burned the towne, and [...] the Caſtell. From thence they came to the town of Darrier, which they burne alſo and ſpoyled. Thus they burned and ſpoyled all the waye as they paſſed, but the weather ſtill waxed w[...]ſe and worſe,The Earle of iourney returneth with his armie to Cal. ſo that manye fell ſicke through i[...] temperancie thereof, and the Burgonious and Spanyardes which were in the armie, returnes into Flaunders, and then the Earle of Surrey perceyuing that he coulde no longer keepe the fielde in that ſeaſon of the yeare, turned backe towardes Caleys in good order of battayle, and came thither the xvj. of October. He woulde gladly in deede before the departure of the Burgonions and Spanyardes, haue paſſed the water of Somme: but other captaynes conſidering the time of the yeare to be paſt, and that the whole armie conteyned not aboue xviij.M. men, iudged it more wiſedome to returne, and ſo in the ende their opinions were followed.

After that the Engliſhe armie was returned to Caleys, the Earle of Surrey ſent forth Sir William Sandes, Sir Morice Barkley, Sir William Fitzwilliam, and with them three thouſande men, which burnt Marguyſon, the towne of Saint Iehans Rhode, and Temple towne, with many villages, and brought a marueylous great bootie of goodes out of the countrey,A great booſie [...]ne by the Engliſhmen. which they got at this roade, as xiiij.M. ſheepe, a M.iiij.C. Oxen and Kyne, and other great cattell, a M.iij.C. Hogges, and viij.C. Mares and Horſes, beſide priſoners. When the Earle of Surrey had ſet things in order, and appointed forth ſuch as he woulde haue remaine in the garriſons on that ſide the ſea,The Earle of Surrey returneth with his armie into Englande. he returned, and all the reſidue of the armie, ſauing thoſe that were commaunded to tarie, came ouer alſo with the nauie, and arriued in the Thames, and ſo euery man into his countrie at his pleaſure.

There remayned alſo behinde a companie of men of warre called aduenturers, which ſerued without wages,Aduenturers. liuing only of that which they coulde catch and winne of the enimies. There were foure hundreth of them that went with the armie now this laſt time into Fraunce, and did much burt to the Frenchmen, for they were by practiſe become expert and ſkilfull in the poynts of warre, and daily exployted one enterprice or other, to their aduauntage, and hinderaunce to the enimie.

The Duke of Albanie being in this meane whyle eſtabliſhed gouernour of Scotland,The D. of Albanie leuieth an armie of Scots to inuade Englande. rayſed all armie of lxxx.M. men and aboue, with the which he approched to the Engliſhe borders: but he made no inuaſion. The miſtruſt that he had in the Scottes cauſed him to ſtay,Polidore. and therefore he ſe[...] the French king for ſixe thouſand Almaynes, the which he daily looking for and that in vaine) droue off time till the ende of Som [...]e was nowe at hande, and then requiring a truce for certaine monethes,Truce betwixt Englande and Scotlande. obteyned it at the Kings hands. The Earle of Shreweſ[...]e had in a redne[...]ſſe xxviij.M. men to haue reſiſt to him if he had entred vpon the Engliſhe contents.Hall.

After that an abſtince[...] of warre was taken betwixt Englande and Scotland, & in October following, there came into Englande three perſonages of ſmall behauior (as it ſeemed) Ambaſſadors out of Scotlande:A meane ambaſſade out of Scotlande. they were finally regarded, and ſhortly departed. Their Commiſſion was only to vnderſtande whether the King had aſſ[...]med to the truce or not. Wherevpon it was thought that they were ſent rather for a countenante only of fulfilling the promiſe made by the Duke of Alban[...]e at that preſent when the truce was graunted, than for any true meaning to accompliſhe that which was promiſed, that is to witte, to agree vnto ſome vnfeyned and perfect concluſion of peace.

The king herevpon doubting their old pranks, ordeyned the Earle of Northumberland Henrie Percie the v. of that name, Warden of the whole Marches, which thankfully receyued the honor thereof, & ſo he departed. But whatſoeuer matter it was that moued him, ſhortly after he began to make ſuite to the king, and ceaſed not, til he was of that office diſcharged,1523 and then the Earle of Surrey Lorde Admirall of England was made general Warden, and the Lord Marques Dorſet was made Warden of the Eaſt and middle marches, and the Lord Dacres of the weſt marches. The Earle of Northumberlande was for this refuſall of exerciſing the office of L. warden, greatly blamed of his owne tenants, and accoū ted of all men, to be voyde of the loue and deſire that Noblemen ought to haue to honor and chiualrie. The L. Marques Dorcet accompanied with ſir William Bulmer, & ſir Arthur Darcie,The Marques Dorcet entreth into Scotland and burneth diuerſe townes there. with many other of the Nobilitie, the ſeconde of April then being Thurſday before Eaſter, entred into Tiuidale, & ſo paſſing forward x. miles into Galoway, drent on euery ſide townes & villages. All y^e night he taried within the Scottiſh groūd, & on the morow being Goodfriday, he withdrew back into England with iiij.M. neate, hauing burned Grimſley, Mowehouſe, Doufforde Mylles, Ackforth, Crowling, Nowes manor, Mydder, Crowling, Marbottell, Lowbog, Seforth manor, Myddell right, Primſted, Broket, Shawes Harwell, Wyde open haugh, with other.

A parliament holden at the blacke Friers in London.The xv. of Aprill beganne the Parliament, which was holden as then at the blacke Friers.

This yeare was the Citie and the whole Iſle of the Rhodes conquered by the Turke, and all the chriſtians diſplaced out of the ſame.Cardinall Wolſey made biſhop of Durham. Alſo the Biſhop of Dureſme departed this lyfe, and the king gaue that Biſhopricke to the Cardinall, who, reſigned the Biſhopricke of Bathe to Doctor Iohn Clerke maſter of the Rolles, and Sir Henrie Marney that was vicechamberlain was made Lorde priuie ſeale, and ſhortly after was created Lorde Marney.

In the ende of this yeare, Doctor Blythe biſhop of Cheſter was attached for treaſon, but he acquit himſelfe. And about this ſeaſon, the Cardinall exerciſed his authoritie (whiche he pretended by his power Legantine) very largely, not onely in prouing of Teſtamentes in his Court, calling the Executors and Adminiſtrators before him, of what Dioceſſe ſo euer they were, but alſo by prouiſions he gaue al benefices belonging to ſpirituall perſons,Polidor. and ran thereby within danger of the Premunice, as afterwards was layd to his charge: but after that he perceiued his owne folly, and raſhe doing herein, contrarie to the lawes, which woulde not permitte that any ſuch things as were moued, within the Prouince of Canterburie, might be concluded without the authoritie of the Archbiſhop, he ſent them agayne to Paules, and ſate himſelfe at Weſtminſter with his Clergie of the prouince of Yorke. And euen as there was much ado amongſt them of the Common houſe about their agreement to the ſubſidie, ſo was there as harde holde for a whyle amongſt them of the Clergie in the Conuocation houſe, namelye Richarde Byſhoppe of Wincheſter, and Iohn Byſhoppe of Rocheſter, helde ſore agaynſt it, but moſt of al, Sir Rowlande Philips Vicar of Croydon, and one of the Canons of Paules, being reputed a notable Preacher in thoſe dayes, ſpake moſt againſt that payment. But the Cardinall taking him aſide, ſo handled the matter with him, that he came no more into the houſe, willingly abſenting himſelfe, to his great infamie, and loſſe of that eſtimation which men had of his innocencie. Thus the Bellweather giuing ouer his holde, the other yeelded, and ſo was graunted the halfe of all their ſpirituall reuenues for one yeare, to be payde in fiue yeares following, that the burthen might y^e more eaſily be borne.

An. reg. 15. The Parliament being begonne, as ye haue hearde, the Cardinall the xxix. daye of Aprill came into the Common h[...]e, and there ſhewing the great charges that the king neceſſarilye was at, and dayly muſt be at, in maintenaunce of his warres againſt the French and Scottes,A great ſubſidie demanded by the Cardinall in the cō mon houſe. demaunded the ſumme of eyght hundreth thouſande pounde to be raiſed of the fift part of euery mans goodes and landes, that is to wit, iiij. [...] of euery pounde. This demaunde was enforced on the morowe after, by Sir Thomas More then Speaker of the Parliament: but he ſpake not ſo much in perſuading the houſe to graunt it, but other ſpake as earneſtlye againſt it, ſo that the matter was argued to and [...]o, and handled to the vttermoſt. There were that proued howe it was not poſſible to haue it leuied in money,Hard holde about the [...] of the great ſubſidie. for men of landes and great ſubſtance had not the v. part of the ſame in coyne, and fythe the king by the loaue had receyued two ſhillings of the pounde, which by this rate amounted to foure hundred thouſand pound, and now to haue iiij. ſhillings of the pounde, it woulde amount in the whole vnto twelue hundreth thouſande pounde, which is firſt and laſt vj. ſhillings of the pound, being almoſt a third part of euery mans goods, whiche in coyne might not be had within this Realme: for the proofe whereof was alledged, that if there were in England but twentie thouſand pariſhes, and euery pariſhe ſhould giue an C. marks, that were but xv. C.M. marks, which is but a C.M. poundes, and there be not verye many pariſhes in Englande one with another,There are not 10000. pariſhes in Englād as Stowe hath truly noted. able to ſpare an hundreth markes, out of cities and townes, & where it is written that in Englande there be xl.M. pariſhe Churches, it was prooued that there were not xiij.M. at this day.

Harde holde there was about this demaunde, and certaine wyſe and diſcrete perſons were ſent to the Cardinall,The obſtinate anſwere of the Cardinall to the motion of the common houſe in the parliament. to moue him to be a meane to the king, that a leſſe ſumme might be accepted: but he aunſwered that he woulde rather haue his tongue plucked out of his heade with a payre of pynſons, than to moue the king to take any leſſe ſumme: and ſo with that anſwere they departed, reporting to the houſe the Cardinalles wordes. Then euery daye was reaſoning, but nothing concluded. Wherevpon the Cardinall came agayne into the lower houſe, and deſired that hee might reaſon with them that were againſt the demaunde: but he was anſwered, that the order of that houſe was to beare, and not to reaſon, except among themſelues. Then he began to ſhew arguments of the great wealth of the Realme, ſo that it might be thought that he repyned and diſdayned that any man ſhoulde be welthye but himſelfe.

After he was gone, the Commons debated the matter according to their former maner, & ſo in the ende concluded of ij. s. of the lb, from xx. lb vpwardes, and from xl. s. to xx. lb of euery xx. s xij. d. and vnder xl. s. of euery head of xvj. yeres and vpwarde .iiij. d. to be payde in two yeares.

When this was notified to the Cardinall, be was much therewith offended, ſo that to pleaſe him, at length, the Gentlemen of fiftie pounde lande and vpwarde,Sir Iohn Huſey by the liberall motion of ſir Iohn Huſey a knight of Lincolneſhire, were burthened with xij. d. more of the pounde of the ſame landes, to be payde in three yeares.

The Cardinall to moue them thereto, bare them in hande that the Lordes had agreed to foure ſhillings of the pound, which was vntrue, for they had graunted nothing, but ſtayed till they might vnderſtande what the Commons would do. The king therfore hauing knowledge of this,Polidore. and ſuch other notable lyes vttered by the Cardinal, reproued him therfore very ſharply,Cardinal Wol [...]y reprooued by the king. and ſayde that ere it were long he would looke to things himſelf without any ſubſtitute. A maruellous matter to conſider how much the Cardinall was cooled herewith, and how lowly for a whyle he bare himſelfe, ſo that thereby it well appeared howe the maſters ſharpeneſſe now and then, both much to refrayne the euill nature of the ſeruaunt. But the Cardinall within a fewe dayes after, pacifying the kings diſpleaſure towards him, became nothing the better.

After that the foreſayde graunt was paſſed and accorded, the Parliament was proroged in the x. of Iune.

In this ſeaſon, the Cardinall by his po[...] Legantine diſſolued th[...] co[...]motation at Paules, called by the Archbiſhop of Canterb[...], [...]ll[...]ng him and all the Clergie to his con[...]c[...]tion [...]a[...] Weſtminſter.

When the Parliament was begonne agayne, the Gentlemen that perceyued themſelues charged with xij. d. more of y^e pound for their landes, did ſo much, that it was graunted, that men of fiftie pounde and vpwarde in goodes, ſhoulde alſo pay xij. pence of euerye pounde in the fourth yeare, which coulde not be brought about, but with great a do, and much grudging of the Burgeſſes and Commons.

The xxxj. of Iuly the Parliament was adiourned to Weſtminſter, and there continued till the xiij. of Auguſt, and that daye at nyne of the chiefe at night diſſolued.

Arthur Plantage not created vicount Liſle.During the time of this Parliamēt the [...]i[...]. of Aprill was ſir Art[...] Plantagene[...] baſtarde ſonne to king Edwarde the fourth at Bride wel created Vicount Liſle in right of his wyfe, which was wyfe to Edmunde D[...]dley bene aded.

The king of Denmarke ar [...]eth in Englande.This yeare the xv. of Iune, Chriſte[...]e king of Denmarke, with his wyfe, and a ſmal [...]aine with them, landed at Douer, where he was nobly receyued by the Earle of Deuonſhire, the biſhoppes of Execter and Rocheſter, and diuerſe Knights and Eſquires whiche brought them to Grenewich, where the King and Queene receiued them with all honor, and after he had remayned at the Cou[...] certaine dayes, he was brought to London, and [...]odged at Barhe place. He ſa[...]e the watche on S. Peters euen, beyng brought vnto the Kings heade in Cheape, accompanied with the Duke of Suffolke, the erles of Oxeforde, Eſſex, and Kent, and diuers other Lordes and Ladies. The Citie made to him and to his wyfe a coſtly banket that night,The citie of London banketteth the k. of Denmarke. and after he had paſſed the time a while in London, he reſorted againe to the king, and had of him great giftes, and ſo likewiſe had his wyfe of the Queene hir aunt, and then taking their leaue, departed and were conueyed to Douer. And thus after this king had bene in Englande xxij. days,The king of Denmark departeth out of England into Flaunders. he tooke ſhipping, and ſayled againe into Flaū ders, where he remayned as a baniſhed man out of his countrey.

About the ſame time, the Earle of Kildare being reſtored to the Cardinals fauour,Polidore. & taking to wife the Lady Elizabeth Grey,The Earle of Kildare reſtored to his office of Deputie ſhip of Irelād was ſent ouer again into Ireland, to [...]py his former office, where by the aſſiſtaunce of his faithfull frende Hugh Hinke Archbiſhop of Dublin, and Chancellour of that lande, he brought the countrie into reaſonable good order ſo farre as the rebellious doings of the wilde Iriſh woulde per[...].

In this meane whyle,Hall. the warre was earneſt by purſued betwene England and Fraunce, and Englande and Scotlande, inſomuch that re[...]p[...] did what in them lay to hurt other On the borders toward Scotlande lay the Earle of S[...]rey highe Admi[...] of Englande, and the Marques Dorſet, with his brethren, ſir Williā Compton, and ſir William Kingſton, with diuerſe other Knights and Eſquires ſent to them by the King, which dayly inuaded the Realme of Scotlande,Scotland ſore ſpoyled. and threwe downe the caſtell of Wederborne the caſtel of Weſt Neſgate, the caſtell of Black[...] the tower of Ma[...]kwalles, y^e tower of [...]a[...] [...]ſgate, and manye other, and vn[...] unto the number of xxxvij. villages, and haried the coūtrie from the eaſt marches to y^e weſt, and [...] had ſkirmiſh for the Scottes, albeit they [...]w[...] themſelues in p[...]s, wa[...]ting ſome aduauntage, theyr [...]ſt not yet approch to the [...] battaile of the Engliſhmen, ſo that in all this iourney there were but few Engliſhmen loſt When the Lords perceiued that the Scots ment not to make any inuaſion into Englande this yeare they t[...] [...] order for the fortifying of the frontiers, and ſo returned.

It was thought that the Cardinall perceyuing in what fauour Sir William ComptonPolidor. was with the king, and doubting leaſt the ſame might deminiſhe his authoritie, deuyſed to ſend him thus into the warres agaynſt the Scots, for the ſayde ſir William coulde not well brooke the Cardinals preſumption, in taking vpon him ſo highly to the derogation of the Kings ſupreme gouernement, and therefore the Cardinall in his abſence thought to worke him out of fauour, but it would not be, for ſhortly after was ſir William Compton called home to the Court againe.

The Frenchmen meaning to deſtroy Caleis hauen are diſapointed by miſsing the chanell.The Frenchmenne burned a ſhippe fraught with ſtone in the hauen of Caleys, vpon hope to haue deſtroyed the hauen, but they miſſed the chanell in bringing in their ſhippe, and ſo after that the ſhippe was conſumed with fire, the ſtones were recouered out of the water, & brought into Caleys, which ſerued the Engliſhe to good vſe. Diuers enterpriſes were atchieued betwixt them of the garriſons French and Engliſhe in thoſe marches. In Iuly the Lord Sandes treaſurer of Caleys, with other captayns and ſouldiers,A rode made into the Frēch grounde. to the number of xij.C. entred into the confines of their enimies, and came before Bullein, where they had a great ſkirmiſhe, and put their enimies to the worſe, and after, marching into the countrey, tooke diuers churches & other places which the Frenchmē had fortified, as the church of Oderſael, the ſteeple of Odingham, and the caſtel of Hardinghā, & ſo after they had ben with in the enimies countrie almoſt two nightes & two dais, they came back to Caleys, hauing not loſt paſt a dozen of their men. The king of Englande being aduertiſed that the duke of Albany woulde returne ſhortly into Scotlande by ſea, and bring with him a power of Frenchmen, prepared a fleete of tall and ſtrong ſhippes meete to encounter with the ſame Duke and his power, and appoynted for Admirall, ſir William Fitzwillyam, and with him ſir Frauncis Bryan, ſir Anthony Poynes, ſergeant Rot, Iohn Hopton, William Gunſton, Anthony Kneuet, Thomas Weſt, & other, which vſed great diligēce to haue met with the ſayd Duke of Albanie, and as they lay on the French coaſt, the x[...] of Auguſt being Sunday,The Engliſh fleete landeth in Treyport hauen. at vij. of the clock in the morning, they landed in the hauen of Treyport, and aſſaulted the Frenchmē that were in certaine bulwarks on the ſhore, & did what they could to impeach the Engliſhmens landing: but the Engliſhmen encouraged by their Captaines, did ſo valiantly (although they were but an handful of men in compariſon of their enimies, as vij.C. to vj.M.) that in the end they repulſed the Frenchmen, & wan their bulwarks of thē, & in the ſame founde diuers peeces of ordinaunce, which they ſeazed, & perceyuing that the Frenchemen fled to the towne of Treyport they followed, and ſhot at them right egrely, ſo that many of the French men were ſlayne and wounded, ere they coulde get to the towne. The Engliſhmen aſſaulted the gates, but coulde not breake them open, but they ſet fire on the ſuburbes, and alſo brent .vij. ſhips which lay in the hauen. The Engliſh captains perceyuing how the people of the countrie came downe in great numbers to the reſcue of the towne, cauſed their men to get togither ſuch ſpoile as they might bring away in that ſodain, and then after they had bene on lande v. houres, with lyke ſpeede as they came,Polidore. they retyred back againe to their ſhips, not without ſome loſſe & domage of men both hurt and ſlayne, as it often happeneth when thoſe be not founde vnprouided which a man vnaduiſedly aſſayleth. In this ſeaſon the King hauing put an armie of men in a redyneſſe, cauſed the ſame to be tranſported ouer to Caleys, and appointed the D. of Suffolke to haue the leading thereof, and to make a iourney into Fraunce. The duke according to his commiſſion, came to Caleys the xxiiij. of Auguſt,Polidore. Hall. and there abyding the armie, cauſed all things to be prepared neceſſarie for the ſame, as vittayles, munition, and ſuch lyke. There were appoynted to attend him in this iourney, the Lord Montacute, and his brother ſir Arthur Pole,The Duke of Suffolke entreth into Fraunce with an armie. the Lorde Herbert filſine to the Earle of Worcetter, the L. Ferrers, the L. Marney, the L. Sandes, the L. Barkley, the L. Powes, and the Baron Curſō, and of Knights, ſir Richard Wingfield chauncellor of the duchie of Lancaſter, ſir Iohn Veer, ſir Edwarde Neuile, ſir Willyam Kingſton, ſir Richarde Weſton, ſir Andrewe Winſor, ſir Robert Wingfielde, ſir Anthonie W[...]gfield, ſir Edward Guylford, ſir Edward Greuile, ſir Edwarde Chamberlaine, ſir Thomas Lucie, ſir Euerarde Digby, ſir Adrian Foſkew, ſir Richarde Cornewall, ſir Willyam Courtney, ſir William Sidney, ſir Henry Owen and many other. The whole armye (as appeared by the maſters taken therof) conſiſted in 600. dimilaunces, 200. archers on horſeback, iij.M. archers on foote, and v.M. byl men. To theſe alſo were adioined xvij.C. whiche were taken out of the garriſons and crewes of Hammes, Guyſnes, & Caleys, ſo that in all they were x.M.v.C. well armed and appoynted for the warre. Beſide them, there were alſo two thouſand vj.C. labourers and pi[...]ners. When this army was come ouer to Caleys, & all things redy for the iourney, they iſſued out of Caleys, and tooke the fields. The vantgard was led by the L. Sands. Captain of the right wing was ſir Willyam Kingſton, and on the left, ſir Euerarde Digby. The Marſhall of Caleys ſir Edwarde Guilford was captaine of all the horſmen. The Duke himſelfe gouerned the battaile, and Sir Richarde Wingfielde was Captaine or the Rerewarde.

[...]ll caſtell a[...]mited.The firſt enterprice that they attempted, was the wynning of a Caſtell called Bell caſtell, to the which the Lorde Sandes and the Lord Ferrers being ſent, did ſo much by the power of battrie, that after the walles were beaten, thoſe that were appointed to giue the aſſaulte, prepared them thereto, [...]ell caſtel yelded vp to the Engliſhmen. which when the Frenchmen within perceyued, they yeelded the place into the Engliſhmens hands, and themſelues to the mercye of the Duke, which receyued them as priſoners, and deliuered the Caſtell to ſir William Scauington, the which he cauſed to be raced downe to the grounde the xxvij. of September.

In this ſeaſon was the Duke of Burbon high Conſtable of Fraunce reuolted from the French king to the ſeruice of the Emperour, and the king of Englande. For after it was knowne that this Duke had his mynde alienated from the French king,Sir Iohn Ruſſell. ſir Iohn Ruſſell that was after created Earle of Bedford, was ſent into Fraunce vnto the ſayd Duke, which in diſguyſed apparel ordered himſelfe ſo wiſely and fortunately in his iorney, that in couert maner he came to the Duke, and ſo perſwaded him, that he continued in hys former determination, and auoyded the Realme of Fraunce, as in the French hiſtorie ye maye more at large perceyue. The more to encourage the Engliſhe ſouldiers, there was a proclamation made in the hoſte the xxviij. of September, how the ſayde Duke of Burbon was become enimie to the French king, & frende to the king of Englande, ſo that hauing in his wages x.M. Almaynes, he was ready to inuade Fraunce in another part, the more to let and diſturbe the French kings purpoſes. For the accompliſhing whereof there was ſent to him money in [...]e litle ſumme. After this proclamation the xxix of September the D. of Suffolke remoued to Arde, & ſo forward into Picardie. At Cordes a village betwene Tirwyne and S. Omers,The Spanyardes ioine with the engliſh armye. there came to him the Lorde of Iſilſteyn, and with him of Spanyardes, Almaynes, Cleueners, and other, iij.M. footemen, and v.C. horſemen. The Duke being thus furniſhed with newe ayde, marched forward in wet weather, and made bridges, and mended the wayes where he paſſed, as wel as he might, ſending out diuers companies of his mē of warre, to take townes, and fetch in booties on euery ſide. The Frenchemen were ſo afrayde of the Engliſhmen, that they fled out of their houſes, and left the townes and villages voyde, conueying ſuch goodes as they coulde, awaye with them, but oftentimes they left good ſtore behynde them, ſo that the Engliſhmen gayned greatly, & namely at Anker, which was a rich towne, and vpon the Engliſhmens approch, thinhabitants fled out of it, and then the Engliſhmen entred. They tooke alſo the Caſtell of Bonnegarde,The caſtel of Bonnegarde manned by thengliſhmen. and put therein a garriſon, whereof was Captain the Lorde Leonard Grey, brother to the Marques Dorſet, to conduct vittailers to the army, which now was farre from any ſuccors of the Engliſh part. The Duke paſſed forwarde de till he came to the towne of Bray,The towne of Bray beſieged. in the whiche were xvj.C. men of warre, vnder the gouernance of Captain Adrian, and beſide his retinue, there came to the ſuccors of the towne, Monſieur Pontdormie, y^e Vicount Lauerdam, the Vicount Tourrayne, Monſieur Applingcourt, & Mōſieur Dampney, with v.C. horſmen, ſo y^t in the town beſide y^e inhabitants were ij.M. good men of warre. This towne ſtandeth on the riuer of Somme, xxiiij. Engliſh myles from Arras, and xiiij. of the ſame myles aboue Amiens.

The xx. of October, the Duke cauſed his ordināce to be brought afore it by foure of the clock in the morning, the whiche was ſo well applyed in making batterye to the walles of the towne that by nine of the clocke the towne was made aſſaultable, and then the Engliſhmenne, Flemmings and Burgonians, made forwarde, and by the good comfort of the Lorde Sandes and other Captaynes, they got the dyches, and after entred vpon the walles. The Frenchmen ſtoode at defence with Pikes, Croſſbowes, Hand gunnes, and Halbards, but they were to weak, for on all partes entred the Engliſhmen, and ſodainly the Frenchmen fled, and the Engliſhmen followed.Bray wonne by aſſault. On the further ſide of the towne there was a bulwarke fortified with ordinaunce very ſtrongly to defende the paſſage ouer the water of Somme, which there is deuided into diuerſe braunches.

The French horſemen being withdrawne to the paſſage, defended it till the footemen were got ouer the bridge, and then they plucked away the plankes of the bridge, ſo that no man ſhould followe: but the Engliſhmen caſt plankes on the bridge, and got ouer, in which paſſing, diuers were drowned: but ſuch diligence and enforcement was vſed, that all men paſſed, both horſemen and footemen. Then was the Bulwarke fiercely aſſaulted, and finally taken by the Engliſhmen, with all the ordinaunce. There was alſo taken Captaine Adrian and Captaine Vtterlieu. The Engliſhe horſemen followed the Frenchmen, and ſlewe and tooke many of them. Sir Robert Ierningham brake a ſpeare on the Lorde Pontdruire. The Lorde Leonarde Grey did valiauntly that day, which was come from the caſtell of Bonne garde, and was here at the winning of Bray, which was taken in maner aboue rehearſed the xx. of October.

The Frenchmen when they perceyued that they ſhoulde not be able to defende,A trayne of gunpowder layde. had layde a trayne of gunpowder to ſet it on fire, in hope to haue deſtroyed many of the Engliſhmen as they ſhoulde be occupied in gathering the ſpoyle, but by reaſon that they followed their enimies, and got ouer the paſſage, the fire tooke and ſet the towne on fire ere the Engliſhmen returned. Yet much wyne was ſaued which laye in Sellers, and ſtoode the Ennliſhmen in good ſteade. The xxj. daye of October the armie and all the ordinance paſſed ouer the riuer, and came to a towne called Kappe.Kappe taken. All the inhabitants were fled, but they had left good plentie of wine and other riches behinde them. The garriſon that lay at anker knowing that the Duke was paſſed the water of Somme, raced the towne and caſtell there called Bonnegarde, and came to the armie now being lodged at Kappe.

Roy yeelded to the Duke of Suffolke.The Duke ſent to them of Roy, requiring to haue the Towne deliuered to him, which they graunted to doe, bicauſe they had no garriſon of ſouldiers within to defende the towne. Thither was ſent ſir Richarde Cornewall, with foure hundreth menne which receyued the towne and kept it in good quiet till the Duke came thither with his whole armie.

The xxv. day of October,Lyhome takē the Duke remoued to a village called Lyhome where the ſouldiers had great pillage. The next daye they wente to Dauenker, and the xxvij. day they came before the towne of Montdedier,Montdedier beſieged. in the whiche were a thouſande footemen, and v.C. horſemen vnder the gouernaunce of Monſieur de Roche baron, purpoſing to defende the towne to the vttermoſt, but after that Sir Willyam Scauington had made batterie from foure of the clock in the next morning till eyght in the ſame forenoone, wyth ſuch force that the wals were ouerthrowne and made aſſaultable,Montdedier yeelded. they within yeelded the towne into the Dukes handes, with condicion they might go with bagge and baggage.

The Frenchmen made ſuch haſte, and were ſo glad to be gone, that they left much houſholde ſtuffe behinde them, and great plentie of wyne. Thengliſhmen alſo wold not ſuffer thē to beare their ſtandardes vnſpredde, but rent the ſame in peeces, wherewith the Lorde Roche baron was highlye diſpleaſed, but he coulde not amende it. The Duke remayning in Montdedier till the laſt of October, and then remoued to Roy, where he reſted a whyle with all his armie.

On Alhalowen day, the Duke of Suffolke in the chiefe Churche of Roye made knightes,Knights made by the Duke of Suffolke in Fraunce. the Lord Herbert, the Lord Powes, Oliuer Manners, Arthur Pole, Richarde Sandes, Robert Ierningham, Robert Saliſburie, Edmond Beningfielde, Richarde Corbet, Thomas Wentworth, Willyam Storton, Walter Mantell, George Warram, Edward Seymor, that was after Duke of Somerſet. The morowe after the armie remoued to a place called Necle. The ſouldiors being thus ledde from place to place, beganne to grudge bicauſe of the winter ſeaſon, being nothing meete for their purpoſe to kepe the fieldes,Mutinie amongſt the Engliſh ſouldiors. it griened them that the Burgonions being prouided of wagons, made ſhift to ſende the ſpoyle and pillage home into their countrie being at hande, and they to want ſuch meane to make the beſt of thoſe things whiche they got, ſo that as they tooke it, they bet the buſhe and other had their byrdes. This grudge was yet by gentle wordes ceaſſed for a time.

On the vj. day of Nouember the whole army came to a village called Veane, and there reſted for that night, and on the morowe after they returned againe ouer the water of Somme, and came to a place called Beaufforde. At this paſſage the Duke made Iohn Dudley and Robert Vtreight knightes.

The viij. of Nouember the Duke remoued to a place called Mont Saint Martine, & from thence was ſent the Lorde Sandes to the king in poſte to aduertiſe him in what caſe the armye ſtoode, and the armie remoued to Permont, and there reſted for a time. The Welchmen ſtill murmured that they might not returne home now that the wynter was thus far entred. But there were a ſort of mē of war,Sir Iohn Wal [...]. to the number of a thouſand perſons vnder the leading of ſir Iohn Wallop, which had little wages or none, liuing only on their aduenture, and were therfore called aduenturers, and of ſome they were called Kreekers, [...]turers [...] krekers. which had as good will to be ſtill abroade, as the Welchmen had deſire to returne home. For theſe Kreekers by ſpoyling of townes, taking of priſoners, and other ſuch practiſes of warlike exploytes, made their hauntes, and dayly brought to the campe, horſes, mares, vittayle, cloth, corne, and other neceſſaries, which might not haue bene miſſed.

A bitter and [...]ping froſt.After great raynes and wyndes which had chaunced in that ſeaſon, there followed a ſore froſt, which was ſo extreme, that many died for colde, and ſome loſt fingers, and ſome loſt[...]es, and many loſt nailes beſide their fingers, ſo was the rigour of that froſt.

The xiij. day of Nouember the Duke remoued to a place within two myles of Bowham caſtell, and ſtill it froſe. The Welchmen in the morning ſet out a ſhoute and cryed home, home, & the Kreekers hearing that, cryed hang, hang. Hereof buſineſſe was lyke to haue enſued, but by policie it was ceaſſed. Sir Edwarde Guilforde Captaine of the horſemen viewing the caſtell of Boghan, [...]ogham caſtell [...]ſaulted and yeelded. perceyued that the mariſhes (wherewith it was enuironed) were ſo hard froſen that great ordināce might paſſe ouer the ſame, which he ſignified to the Duke, and therwith the Duke was contented that he ſhoulde trye what ſucceſſe woulde come of giuing the attempt to wynne it. So was the ordinance brought ouer the maryſh grounde, whereof they within being aduertiſed, immediatlye after three ſhottes of Cannon diſcharged againſt them, they yeelded the Caſtell, and all the artillerie within it, of the which there was good ſtore, as a lxxvj. peeces great & ſmall. The keeping of this Caſtel was deliuered to the Seneſhall of Hennegow.

In this meane whyle the Lord Sandes was come to the Court, and enformed the king of the ſtate of the armie. The king had before his comming hearde that his people in the ſayde armye were in great miſerie, both by reaſon of the intemperate weather, the vnſeaſonable time of the yeare, the lacke of vittayles, and ſuch other diſcommodities, wherfore he cauſed a newe power of ſixe thouſand men to be prepared to be ſent vnto the Duke of Suffolke for a reliefe. [...]er the leading of the Lorde Mountioy. But ere thys power coulde be put in order to paſſe the ſea,The Duke of Suffolke breaketh vp the armie and commeth to Caleis and before the Duke coulde haue knowledge againe from the king of his further pleaſure, he was conſtreyned to breake vp his armie, and returned by Valencennes, and ſo through Flaunders vnto Caleys. He left at Valencennes all the great artillerie.

The king was ſomewhat diſpleaſed with the breaking vp of the armie thus contrarie to hys mynde, but hearing the reaſonable excuſes which the Duke and the Captaines had to alledge he was ſhortly after pacified, and ſo after they had remayned in Caleys a certaine tyme, till their friends had aſſwaged the kings diſpleaſure, they returned, and all things were well taken, and they receyued into as much fauour as before.

But nowe to returne to the doings in other partes, as betwixt the Engliſhmen and Scots) which chanced in this meane whyle that the D. of Suffolke was thus in Fraunce. Ye ſhall vnderſtande that the Scots hearing that the warre was thus turned into Fraunce, thought that nothing ſhoulde be attempted againſt them, and therefore waxed more bolde, and beganne to rob and ſpoyle on the marches of Englande,The Scottes ſpoyle the Engliſh marches. wherefore the king ſent agayne thither the Earle of Surrey Treaſurer and high Admirall of Englande, the which with all ſpeede comming to the weſt borders,The Earle of Surrey inuadeth Scotland. ſent for an armie of vj. thouſande men, with the which entring into Scotlande by the drie marches, he ouerthrewe certaine caſtels, pyles, and ſmall holdes, till he came through the Dales to Iedworth, wherein lay a great garriſon of Scottes which ſkirmiſhed with the Engliſhmen right ſharply at their firſt comming,Iedworth brēt but yet at length the towne, abbey, and caſtell were wonne, ſpoyled, and burnt.

After this the Earle encamped within the Scottiſhe grounde from the xxij. of September till the xx[...]. of the ſame moneth, and then returned backe againe into England.The caſtle of Fernyherſt wonne by the Lorde Dacre[...] During which time the Lord Dacres wanne the caſtel of Fernyherſt. The French king perceyuing that the Scottes did not worke any notable trouble to the Engliſhmen to ſtay them from y^e inuading of Fraunce, and the caſe was, as he tooke it, for that they lacked the Duke of Albanie, whome they named their gouernour. He threfore prouided a nauie of ſhippes to haue tranſported him ouer into Scotlande, ſo that all things were redy for his iourney, but y^t the Engliſhmē were to ready [...]n the ſea vnder the conduct of Sir William Fitzwilliam to ſtoppe his paſſage if he had ſet forwarde, wherefore he cauſed his ſhippes to be brought into Bre[...] [...]uen, and bruited of abroade, that he woulde not go into Scotlande, that yeare. The king of Englande being certified that the Duke meant not to depart out of Fraunce of all that yeare, about the myddeſt of September, commanded that his ſhips ſhould be layde vp in hauens till the next ſpring. The duke of Albanie being thereof aduertiſed, boldly then tooke his ſhippes, and ſayled into Scotlande with all conuenient ſpeede, as in the Scottiſhe hiſtorie ye may reade more at large.

Shortly after his arriuall there, he wrought ſo with the Scottes, that an armie was leuyed, with the which he approched to the borders of Englande, and lodged at Cawde ſtreame, ready to enter into Englande.

The king of England hauing aduertiſement giuen to him from tyme to tyme of the proceedings of his aduerſaries, with all diligence cauſed to be aſſembled the people of the North parts beyonde Trent, in ſuch numbers that there were three thouſande Gentlemen bearing coates of armes with their powers & ſtrength, which were all commaunded to repayre to the Earle of Surrey with ſpeede.

Barwick chiefly regarded.The noble Marques Dorſet was appoynted with vj. thouſande men to keepe Barwicke, leaſt the Scots ſhoulde lay ſiege thereto.

The Duke of Albany hearing of the preparation which the Earle of Surrey made againſt him, ſent to him an Herault, promiſing him of his honor to giue him battayle, and if he tooke him priſoner, he woulde put him to courteous raunſome, and his bodie to be ſafe. To whome the Earle aunſwered, that much he thanked the Duke of his offer, promiſing him to abyde battayle if he durſt gyue it, and that if the ſayd duke chaunced to be taken by him or his men, he wold ſtryke off his heade, and ſende it for a preſent to his mayſter the king of Englande, and bade him that he ſhoulde truſt to none other. At this aunſwere the Duke and the Scottes tooke great deſpite.

The Earle of Surrey being at Alnewicke, there came to him the Earles of Northumberlande and Weſtmerlande, the Lordes Clifford, Dacres, Lumley, Ogle, and Darcie, with many Knights, Eſquires, Gentlemen, and other ſouldiers and men of warre, to the number of fortye thouſande. And from the Court ther came the Maiſter of the horſe, ſir Nicholas Carewe, ſir Fraunces Brian, ſir Edwarde Baynton and others.

The caſtel of Warke aſſaulted by the Scots.The laſt of October being Saterday, in the night before the ſame day, the Duke of Albanie ſent two or three thouſand men ouer the water to beſiege the Caſtel of Warke, which comming thither with their great ordinance, bet the caſtell very ſore, and wanne the vttermoſt Warde called the Barnekynnes.

Sunday and Monday being the firſt and ſeconde of Nouember, they continued their batterie, and then thinking that the place was faultable, courageouſly ſet on the Caſtell, and by ſtrength entred the ſeconde Warde. Sir William Liſle that was Captaine of this Caſtle, perceyuing the ennimies to haue wonne the falſe Brayes, and that nothing remayned but onely the inner Warde or Dungeon, encouraged hys men to the beſt of his power, with wordes of great comfort and manhoode, and therwith iſſued forth with thoſe fewe that he had leſſe aboute him (for he had loſt many at other aſſaults) and what with couragious ſhooting and manfull fighting,The Scots and French driues backe from Warke caſtel. the ennimies were driuen out of the place, and of them were ſlayne, and namely of thoſe Frenchmen which the Duke had brought forth of Fraunce, to the number of three hundreth, which laye there deade in ſight when the Earle of Surrey came thither, beſide ſuch as dyed of woundes, and were drowned.

Then the Scottes and Frenchmen remoued their ordinaunce ouer the water in all haſte, and by that time that they were got ouer, the earle of Surrey was come with fiue thouſand horſmen, and all his great armie followed. He was ſorie that his enimies were gone, and much prayſed ſir William Liſle for his valiancie.

The Earle woulde gladly haue followed his enemies into their own borders, but his Cōmiſſion was onely to defende the Realme, and not to inuade Scotland, and therfore he ſtayed, not onely to the great diſpleaſure of himſelfe, but alſo of many a luſtie Gentleman, that wold gladly haue ſeene further proofe of the Scottiſh mens manhoode.

Shortly after, the Queene of Scots, mother to the king, ſent to hir brother the king of Englande, for an abſtinence of warre, till further communication might be had about the concluſion of ſome good agreement betwixt the two Realmes of Englande and Scotlande, whiche requeſt to hir was graunted, and ſo the Engliſh armie brake vp, and the Earle of Surrey returned to the court.

Whyleſt the Earle of Surrey was in the marches of Scotlande, and the Duke of Suffolk in Fraunce, as before ye haue hearde, the Cardinall ſent out Commiſſions in the month of October, that euery man being worth fortie pound, ſhoulde pay the whole ſubſidie before graunted, out of hande, not tarying till the dayes of payment limitted. This was called an Anticipation, that is to meane,An Anticipation. a thing taken before the tyme appoynted, and was a newe terme, not known before thoſe dayes: but they payd ſwetely for their learning.

In December were taken certayne traytors in the Citie of Couentrie, one called Frauncis Philip, ſchoolemaſter to the Kings hen[...]men, and one Chriſtopher Pickering Clerke of the Larder, and one Anthonie Mainuyle gentleman, which by the perſuaſion of the ſayd Francis Philippe, intended to haue taken the Kings treaſure of his ſubſidie, as the Collectors of the ſame came towardes London, and then to haue reyſed menne and taken the Caſtell of K[...]lingworth, and to haue arreared warre againſt the king. The ſayd Fraunces, Chriſtopher, and Anthonie, were hanged, drawne, and quartered at Tyborne the eleuenth day of Februarie, and the other were ſent to Couentrie, and there executed.

In this yeare the King ſent the Lord Morley, Sir Willyam Huſey knight, and Doctor Lee his Almener to Don Ferdinando the Archduke of Auſtriche,The archduke of Auſtrich made knight of the garter. with the order of the garter, which in the towne of N[...]mberg receyued the ſame, where all the Princes of Germanie were then aſſembled at a Dyet or Counſell.

In this meane whyle, diuers enterpriſes and feates of warre were practiſed and archieued by them of the garriſons in the marches of Caleys, and the Frenchmen of Bulleygne, and the borders thereabouts: but the Frenchmen commonly were put to the worſe.

Brereton captaine of the aduenturers taken and ſlayne.Amongſt other exploytes, it chaunced that one Brereton a gentleman, and Captaine of a number of the Aduenturers, as he went about to ſpoyle the towne of Weſte, was taken by the French horſemen, and ſolde to the Peſauntes of the Countrie, the which vnmercifully ſlew him and xvj. [...]to which were taken with him, after that the men of warre had deliuered them, and were departed. But this murther was reuenged ſhortly by other of the aduenturers, which comming to the ſame town of Waſte, tooke xxxvij. priſoners of the inhabitantes, and ſlewe of them xxxvj. and burned the towne.

1524In this yeare through bookes of Ephimarides, and Prognoſtications, foreſhewing much hurt to come by waters and floudes,Bolton Prior of S. Bartholomewes builteth a houſe at Harowe on the hill to auoyde floudes prognoſticated that yeare. many perſons vittayled themſelues, and went to highe groundes for feare of drawning, ſpeciallye one Bolton Prior of Saint Bartholomewes in Smith[...] was builded him an houſe vpon Harow on the hill, only for feare of this floude and thither he went, and made prouiſion of all things neceſſarie for the ſpace of[...] monethes. Thys great rayne and waters ſhoulde haue fallen in Februarie, but no ſuch thing happened, whereby the folly of men was ſhewed. The Aſtronomiers for their excuſe ſayde, that in their computation they had miſcounted in their number an hundred yeares.

An reg. 16. A Legate was ſent from the Pope: to the king to moue him to peace: but the king declared to him the whole circumſtance of his tytle,A legate from Rome to treat a peace betwene king Henry and the French king. for the which he made warres againſt the Frēch men, and thereof deliuered notes to the ſayd Legate, the which departed with the ſame backe to Rome in poſt. He had bene firſt with the French king, and with the Emperor, but coulde not bring them to any good conformitie, as his deſyre was to haue done, ſo that his trauayle was without fruite in maner, as it appeared.

Many enterpriſes, ſkirmiſhes, forreys, and other feates of warre were attempted and put in vre betwixt the Engliſhmē of Caleys, Guiſnes, and other fortreſſes there in thoſe marches, and the Frenchmen of Bulleygne, and other of the garriſons in the frontiers of Picardie, and ſtyll Sir Willyam Fitzwillyam as then Captaine of Guyſnes, Sir Robert Ierningham Captaine of Newnam bridge. Sir Iohn Walloppe, and Sir Iohn Gage were thoſe that did to the Frēch men moſt dammage. And Monſieur de Bees being Captaine of Bulleygne, did for his parte what he coulde to defende the frontires there, and to annoy his enimies. Yet one day in May, Sir Willam Fitzwilliam, and Sir Robert Ierningham, with ſeauen hundreth men (accounting in that number the Kreckers) went to Bulleygne, and there ſkirmiſhed with the Frenchmen, whileſt Chriſtopher Coo a Captaine of foure Engliſhe ſhippes tooke lande,Chriſtopher Coo. and fought with there of baſe Bulleigne on the one ſide, as the Kreckers aſſayled them on an other. There was a ſharpe bickering, and in the ende the Frenchmen were driuen backe, and diuerſe of them ſlayne and taken,The Kreckers good ſeruitor[...] ſpecially by the Kreckers, that wanne the barriers of them, and ſo when the tyde turned. Chriſtopher Coo with his men withdrewe to his ſhippes, and the Krekers returned to Sir Willyam Fitzwilliam, the which ſtayed for them, and then gathering hys men togither by ſounde of a trumpet, ſent forth ſuch as might fetch the driftes of beaſts and cattayle in the countrey neare adioyning, and with the ſame remoued backe in ſafetie.

The eyght of Auguſt Monſieur de Bres accompanied with diuers French Lords and men of warre, to the number of eyght hundreth footmentie, and as manye horſemen, came verye rarely in conforming to a village called Borenings, within the Engliſhe pale, and leading there three hundreth hor[...]emen in embuſhe, made to Kalkewell, and there appoynted to carie with other three hundreth men, and the reſidue of the horſemen and footemen with banner diſplayed, went forth and forrayed all the countrie.

Sir Robert Ierningham with lxxx. horſemen iſſued forth of Caleys to vnderſtande the de[...]anor of the Frenchmen, but being not able to reſiſt the great number of the Frenchmen, he was chaſed, and ſaued himſelfe by ſlight. But this diſpleaſure was ſhortlye after reuenged by the ſayde Robert, the which comming to Marguiſon the twelfth of Auguſt with three hundreth footemen, and three ſcore horſmen, ſkirmiſhed with the Frenchmen that ſtoode at defence, chaſed them into the Church, and fired them out of the ſame, ſo that the Frenchmen leapt out of the Church to their deſtruction, for of thre hundreth there was ſaued but three ſcore aliue.

The xxj. of May being Trinitie Sunday, v. hundreth Scottiſhe men in the morning verye early,The Scots enter into Englande and rob the Market folks going to Barwick faire. entred by ſeuerall fourdes into England, and lay couertly by the high ways, in purpoſe to haue ſurpriſed ſuch market men as came to the Fayre that day kept at Barwicke. They tooke diuers, but finally being eſpyed, the alarme roſe, and they were fought with right ſharply, who defended thēſelues with ſuch manhode in drawing backe to their aduauntage, that if the yong Lorde of Fulberie had not come to the ſuccours of the Engliſhmen, the Scottes had gone away with their bootie. Notwithſtanding in the ende they were glad to ſeeke refuge by flight, looſing two hundreth of their number which were taken in the chaſe.

The v. of Iulye next enſuing, Sir Iohn a Fenwike, Leonarde Muſgraue, and baſtarde Heron, with diuerſe other Engliſhe Captaynes, hauing with them nine hundreth men of warre, entred the Mers, minding to fetch out of the ſame ſome bootie, and encountring wyth the Scots being in number two thouſande, after ſore and long fight, cauſed them to leaue their grounde, and to flie, ſo that in the chaſe were taken two hundreth Scottes, and many ſlaine, and amongſt them were diuers Gentlemen: but ſir Raufe a Fenwike, Leonarde Muſgraue, and the baſtarde Heron with xxx. other Engliſhmen well horſed, followed ſo farre in the chaſe, that they were paſt reſcues of their companie, wherof the Scottes being aduiſed, ſodainly returned, and ſet on the Engliſhmenne, which oppreſſed with the multitude of their enimies, were ſoone ouercome, and there was taken ſir Raufe a Fenwike, Leonarde Muſgraue, and ſixe other, and baſtarde Heron, with ſeauen other were ſlayne. The reſidue by chaunce eſcaped. The other Engliſhmen with their two hundreth priſoners, returned ſafely into Englande.

The ſeuenth of Iuly, the Engliſhmen fought with like fortune againſt the Scottes that were entred Englande at the Weſt marches, for in the beginning they put the Scots to the worſe, and tooke three hundreth of them priſoners, but afterwardes, bicauſe the Engliſhmen that had taken thoſe priſoners, withdrewe out of the field with the ſame priſoners, the Scots perceyuing the number of the Engliſhmen to be diminiſhed, gaue a newe onſet on the Engliſhmen, and them diſtreſſed.

After this, the Scots ſued for a truce, and had it graunted to endure till the feaſt of Saint Andrewe.

This yeare the firſt of September was Doctor Thomas Hanniball maiſter of the Rolles receyued into London with Earles,The Popes ambaſſadour preſenteth the K. with the golden Roſe. and Biſhoppes, and diuerſe other Nobles and Gentlemē, as Ambaſſadors from pope Clement, which brought with him a Roſe of golde for a token to the King, and on the daye of the Natiuitie of our Ladie, after a ſolemne Maſſe ſong by the Cardinall of Yorke, the ſayde preſent was deliuered to the King, which was a tree forged of fine golde, and wrought with branches, leaues, and floures reſembling Roſes. This tree was ſet in a pot of golde which had three feete of anticke faſhion. The pot was of meaſure halfe a pynte, in the vppermoſt Roſe was afayre Saphire loupe pierced, the bigneſſe of an [...]orne, the tree was of eygth halfe an Engliſh yarde, and a foote in bredth.

This yeare in Iuly the Lorde Archimbalde Douglas Earle of Angus, whiche had maryed the Queene of Scots ſiſter to the king of Englande, eſcaped out of Fraunce (where he had remayned for a ſeaſon, in maner as a baniſhed man) and came into Englande to the king, as then being at Grenewich, and was of him curteouſly receyued.

Sir Anthonie Fitzherbert one of the Iuſtiers of the common place, ſir Rauf Egerton knight,Commiſsioners ſent into Ireland to reforme the countrey. and Doctor Denton Deane of Lichfield, being ſent in the beginning of this yeare into Irelande as Commiſſioners, behaued thēſelues ſo ſagely, that they reformed diuers wrongs, brought ſundry of the wylde Iriſhe by fayre meanes vnto obedience, and made by the kings authoritie,The Earle of Kildare [...]e Deputie of Irelande. the earle of Kildare, Deputie of the lande, before whome the great Onele bare the ſworde. And the Lord Piers Butler earle of Ormond, which before was Deputie, was now made high treaſurer of Ireland. In September the ſayd Commiſſioners returned.

During all this ſeaſon, there were dayly attemptes made and practiſed by the Engliſhmen in the lowe countrie, namelye the Engliſhe horſemen and the Aduenturers reſted not, but daily made inuaſions vpon the French confines. But the Aduenturers about the beginning of winter made an enterpriſe to fetch ſome bootte from a village lying towarde Muttrell. They were not fully two hundreth men, and of thoſe there were xxv. horſemen. The Frenchmen by chaunce the ſame time were abroade vnder the conduct of the Earle of Dammartine, whiche was going to S. Omers with xv. hūdred horſmen, and viij.C. footemen, and perceyuing where the Aduenturers were comming made towardes them, and after long and cruell [...]ght ouercame them, and ſlue moſt part of them, for that in defending themſelues moſt ſtoutly, they had ſlayne and wounded a great number of the Frenchmen ere they coulde be ouercome, keping themſelues cloſe togither, and might not be broken ſo long as they had any arrowes to ſhoore.

The ende of [...] Kreekers.This was the ende of the Aduenturers otherwiſe called Kreekers, being as hardie men as euer ſerued Prince.

In December there came to London diuers Ambaſſadors out of Scotlande about a peace to be had, and a mariage concluded betweene the King of Scottes, and the Ladie Marie daughter to the King of Englande, as in the Scottiſhe hiſtorie ye ſhall finde more at large expreſſed.

Before the feaſt of Chriſtmas, the Lorde Leonarde Grey, and the Lorde Iohn Grey, brethren to the Marques Dorſet, ſir George Cobham, ſonne to the Lorde Cobham, Willyam Cary, ſir Iohn Dudley, Thomas Wyat, Frā cis Pointz, Francis Sidney, ſir Anthonie Browne, ſir Edwarde Seymor, Oliuer Manners, Perciuall Hart, Sebaſtian Nudigate, and Thomas Calen, Eſquires of the Kings houſholde, enterpriſed a chalenge of feates of armes againſt the feaſt of Chriſtmas, which was proclaymed by Winſore the Herault, and perfourmed at the time appointed after the beſt maner, both at Tylt, Turney, Barriers, and aſſault of a Caſtell erected for that purpoſe in the Tilte yarde at Greenewiche, where the King helde a royall Chriſtmas that yeare, with great myrth and Princely paſtime.

1525In the Moneth of Ianuarie, the Cardinall by his power Legantine,The [...]ers obſeruants im [...]gne the Cardinals autho [...]ie. would haue viſited the Friers obſeruants, but they in no wyſe woulde thereto condiſcende, wherefore ninetene of the ſame Religion were accurſed at Paules croſſe, by one of their owne Religion, called Frier Foreſt.

Iohn Iokin Stewarde of houſholde to the French kings mother, this yere whyleſt the French king was in Italy, came into Englād, and was receyued in ſecret maner into the houſe of one Doctor Larke, a Prebendarie of S. Stephens, and oftentimes tal[...]ed with the Cardinal about the affayres betwixt the Kings of Englande and Fraunce, motioning ways for a peace to be concluded. When this was known abrode as at the length it was, Monſieur de Prate the Emperors ambaſſador miſliked ſuch couert doings, and ſore grudged thereat.

The xxiiij. of Ianuarie, the Preſident of Roan called Monſieur Brinion, came to London as Ambaſſador from the French king, and was lodged with the ſayde Iohn Iokin.

Sunday the v. of March,Ambſſadours from the Emperour and their requeſts. were receyued into London Monſieux de Be[...]er Lorde of Campher, Admirall of Flaunders, and maiſter Iohn de la Coos preſident of Malines, & Maſter Iohn de la Gache, as ambaſſadours from the Ladie Margaret in the name of the Emperor. Theſe Ambaſſadors required thre things in their ſuite, Firſt they demaūded the Ladie Marie the kings onely daughter to be deliuered out of hande, and ſhe to be named Empreſſe, and to take poſſeſſion of all the lowe countreys, and to be gouernor of the ſame. Alſo that all ſuch ſummes of money as the king ſhoulde giue with hir in mariage for a dower to be made to hir, ſhoulde be payde incontinently. Thirdly, that the king of Englād himſelfe ſhoulde paſſe the ſea, and make warre in Fraunce the next Summer. T[...] [...] demaunds were not agrees to [...], & as to this laſt, the king ſayde he woulde take aduiſement.

Thurſday the ix. of March, at vij. of the cloc[...] in the morning, there came a gentleman in poſt from the Ladie Margaret gouerneſſe of Flaunders, which brought letters conteining how that the xxiiij. of Februarie, the ſirge of Pania where the French king had lyen long, was rayſed by force of battayle, and the French king himſelfe taken priſoner.

The ſame day the Preſident of Roan, & Iohn Iokin were going to the Court for they had not yet ſpoken, with the king, & in Holborne in their way hearde theſe tydings, whervpon they returned to their lodging right ſorowfull, and within ſhort ſpace after returned to the Regēt of Frāce.

It was thought the king woulde haue agreed with the French king, if this chaunce had not happened, for all the people of England grudged againſt Flaunders, for the euill demeanor of the Flemmings in time of the warre. Alſo the king was diſpleaſed with them for enhauncing hys coyne there, which cauſed much money to be cō ueyed out of this Realme dayly ouer into that countrey. Bonefires & great triumph was made in London for the taking of the French king, on Saterday the xj. of March, and on the morowe after being Sunday the xij. of March, the king came to Paules, & there hearde a ſolemne Maſſe, and after the ſame was ended, the Quere ſong Te Deum, & the Minſtrels playde on euery ſide.

The Cardinall being ſtill moſt highly in the kings fauour, obteyned licence to erect a Colledge at Oxeforde, and another at Ipſwich, the towne where he was borne, the which foundations he began rather of a vayne deſire of glorie and worldly prayſe, than vpon the inſtinction of true religion,The Cardinal erecteth twoo new Colleges. & aduauncement of doctrine, and therefore ſithe he was not moued therto in reſpect of true godlyneſſe and bountifull liberalitie, he went about to clothe Peter and rob Paule: for he firſt got licence of the king to ſuppreſſe certaine ſmall Monaſteries,Polidor. and after got a confirmation of the Pope, that he might employ the goodes, landes, and reuenues belonging to thoſe houſes, to the maintenance of thoſe his two colledges, whereby not only he, but alſo the Pope were euil ſpoken off through the whole Realme.

Hall.In March the king ſent Cuthbert Tunſtall biſhop of London, and ſir Richarde Wingfield, Chauncellour of the Duchie of Lancaſter, and Knight of the Garter,Ambaſſadors ſent to the Emperour. into Spaine, to common with the Emperor for great cauſes, concerning the taking of the French king, and for warres to be made into Fraunce on euery ſide.

The king being determined thus to make warres in Fraunce, & to paſſe the ſea himſelfe in perſon, his Counſell conſidered that aboue all things great treaſure and plentie of money muſt needes be prouided. Wherefore by the Cardinal there were deuiſed ſtraunge Commiſſions, and ſent in the ende of Marche into euery ſhire, and Commiſſioners appoynted, and priuie inſtructions ſent to them howe they ſhoulde proceede in their ſittings, and order the people to bring them to their purpoſe,The ſixt part of euery mans ſubſtance demaunded. which was, that the ſixt part of euery mans ſubſtance ſhould be payde in money or plate to the King without delay, for the furniture of his warre. Herof folowed ſuch curſing, weeping, & exclamation againſt both King and Cardinall, that pitie it was to heare. And to be briefe, not withſtanding all that coulde be ſayd or done, forged or deuiſed by the Commiſſioners to perſuade the people to this contribution, the ſame would not be graunted, & in exenſe of their deniall it was alledged, that wrong was offered, and the auncient cuſtomes and lawes of the Realme broken, which woulde not any man to be charged with ſuch payment, except it were graunted by the eſtates of the Realme in Parliament aſſembled. The like anſwere was made by them of the Spiritualtie, of whom was demaunded the fourth part of their goodes.

Monſieur de Prate the Emperors ambaſſador, whether offended for admitting of Iohn Iokin into the Realme, as before ye haue heard, or for ſome other cauſe, the ix. of Aprill he departed out of Englande, not taking leaue of the K. nor of the Cardinall, and ſo much did by ſafe-conduct, that he paſſed through Fraunce in poſt, and came to the Emperour before the Ambaſſadors of Englande came thither, and whether it was by his report, or otherwiſe, the accuſtomed fauour that the Emperor and his counſel ſhewed to the Engliſhmen, beganne then to decay, as was wel perceiued, whatſoeuer the matter was. This yeare at Whitſontide died Thomas D. of Norfolke, & was honorably buried at Thetford.

The Cardinall trauailed earneſtlye with the Maior and Aldermen of London,An. reg. 17. about the ayde of money to be graunted, and likewiſe the Commiſſioners appoynted in the ſhires of the Realme, ſate vppon the ſame, but the burthen was ſo grieuous, that it was generally denyed,The Commiſſioners for the taxe reſiſted. & the Commons in euery place ſo moued, that it was lyke to growe to rebellion. In Eſſex the people would not aſſemble before the Commiſſioners in no houſes, but in open places, and in Huntingtonſhire diuerſe reſiſted the Commiſſioners, and woulde not ſuffer them to ſit, whiche were apprehended, and ſent to the Fleete. The Duke of Suffolke ſitting in Commiſſion about this ſubſidie in Suffolke, perſuaded by courteous meanes the riche Clothiers to aſſent thereto: but when they came home, and went about to diſcharge & put from thē their Spinners, Car[...]s, Fullers, [...] rebellion in [...]ke by the grieuouſneſſe of the [...]. Weauers, and other artificers, whiche they kept in worke afore time, the people began to aſſemble in companies, whereof when the D. was aduertiſed, he commaunded the Conſtables that euery mans harneſſe ſhoulde be taken from them: but when that was knowne, then the rage of the people entreaſed, ruyling openly on the D. and ſir Robert Drurie, and threatening [...]hem with death, and the Cardinal alſo and herewith there aſſembled togither after the maner of Rebels, iiij.M. men of Lanam, Sud[...]errie, Habley, and other townes thereabout, which put themſelues in harneſſe, and rang the belles alarme, and began ſtill to aſſemble in great number.

The Duke of Suffolke perceyuing this, began to gather ſuch power as he coulde, but that was very ſlender. Yet the Gentlemen that were with the Duke, did ſo much that all the Bridges were broken, ſo that the aſſemble of thoſe rebels was ſomwhat letted.

The Duke of Norfolk commeth with a power againſt the rebels in Suffolke.The Duke of Norfolke being thereof aduertiſed, gathered a great power in Norfolke, and came towarde the Commons, and ſending to them to knowe their intent, receyued aunſwere, that they woulde lyue and die in the Kings cauſes, and be to him obedient. Herevpon he came himſelf to talke with them, and willing to know who was their Captaine, that he might anſwere for them all: it was tolde him by one Iohn Greene a man of fiftie yeares of age, that Pouertie was their Captaine, the which with his couſin Neceſſitie, had brought them to that doing: for whereas they and a great number of other in that countrey, liued not vpon themſelues, but vpon the ſubſtantiall occupiers, nowe that they through ſuch payments as were demaunded of them, were not able to maintaine them in worke, they muſt of neceſſitie periſhe for want of ſuſtenance. The Duke hearing this matter, was ſorie for their caſe, and promiſed thē that if they would depart home to their dwellings, he would be a meane for their pardon to the king. Wherevppon they were contented to depart.

After this, the D. of Norfolke, and the D. of Suffolke came to Burie, and thither reſorted much people of the countrie in their ſhertes, and halters about their neckes, mekely deſiring pardon for their offences. The Dukes ſo wiſely demeaned themſelues,The captaynes of the rebels committed to priſon. that the commons were appeaſed, and the demaunde of money ceaſed in all the Realme, for well it was perceyued, that the Commons none woulde paye. Then went the two Dukes to London, & brought with them the chief Captaines of the rebellion, which were put in the Fleete.

The king then came to Weſtminſter to the Cardinalls place, and aſſembled there a great counſell, in the which, he openly proteſted, that his mynde was neare to aſke any thing of hys Commons which might ſoundes the breach of his lawes, wherefore he willed to know by whoſe meanes the Commiſſions were ſo ſtraitly giuen forth, to demaunde the vj. part of euerye mans goodes. The Cardinall excuſed himſelf, and ſaid that when it was moued in Counſell[...] howe to [...] money to the kings vſe, the kings Counſel, and namely the Iudges, ſaid, that he might lawfully demaund any ſumme by Commiſſion, and that by the conſent of the whole Counſel it was done and tooke God to witneſſe that he neuer deſired the hinderaunce of the Commons, but like a true Counſaylor deuiſed how to enrich the king. The king in deede was much offended that his Commons were thus intreated, and thought it touched his honor, that his Counſell ſhould attempt ſuch a doubtful manner in his name and to be denied both of the Spirituallie and Temporalitie. Therefore he woulde no more of that trouble, but cauſed letters to deceit and all ſhires, that the matter ſhoulde no further be aſked off, and he pardoned all them that had denied the demaunde openly or ſecretely.

The Cardinall to [...] himſelfe of the euill will of the Commons, purchaſed, by procuring and aduauncing of this demaunde, affirmed, and cauſed it to be b[...]ute[...] abrode that through his interceſſion the king had pardoned and releaſed all things.

Thoſe that were in the Tower and Fleete for the rebellion in Suffolke,The rebels pardoned. and reſiſting the Commiſſioners aſwell there as in Huntington ſhire, and Kent, were brought before the Lordes in the Star chamber, and there had their offences opened & ſhewed to them, and finally the kings pardon declared, and therevpon they were deliuered.

In this ſeaſon, a great number of men of war lay at Bollongne, and in other places therabout, which diuerſe times attempted to endomage the Engliſhmen, and to ſpoyle the Engliſh pale, but they coulde neuer ſpoyle the mariſhes where the greateſt part of the cattell belonging to the inhabitants, was kept.

Tyndale men with ayde of the Scottes,Tyndale men great robbers. did much hurt in Englande by robberies, which they exerciſed, and therefore were ſent thither, ſir Richarde Bulmer, and ſir Chriſtopher Dacres, to reſtraine their doings. Diuerſe came to them, & ſubmitted themſelues, but the greateſt theeues kept them in the mountaines of Che[...]or, and did much hurt, yet at length they ſeuered, and many of them were taken.

The Cardinall by his power Legantine ſent one of his Chapleins called Doctor Iohn A[...]en, to viſit the religious houſes of this realme about this ſeaſon, whiche Doctor practiſed amongſt them greatly to his profite, but more to the flaū der both of himſelfe and of his maiſter.

The xviij. day of Iune, at the manor place of Bridewel, the Kings ſonne (which he had begot of Elizabeth Blunt, daughter to ſir Iohn Blunt knight) called Henrie Fitzroy, was created firſt Earle of Notinghā,Creations. and after on the ſelfe ſame day he was created Duke of Richmonde & Somerſet. Alſo the ſame day the L. Henrie Courtney Earle of Deuonſhire, and coſin germane to the king, was created Marques of Exceter, and the Lord Henrie Brandon ſonne to the Duke of Suffolke and the French Queene, a childe of ij. yeares olde, was created Earle of Lincolne, and ſir Thomas Manuers Lorde Roos was created Earle of Rutlande, and ſir Henrie Clifforde Earle of Cumberlande, and the L. Fitzwater ſir Robert Ratcliffe was created vicount Fitzwater, and Sir Thomas Bulleyne treaſurer of the kings houſeholde, was created Vicount Rochefort.

The French kings mother as then Regent of Fraunce, procured a ſafeconduct for an ambaſſador to be ſent into Englande to treate of peace,A truce betwene Englād and Fraunce for xl. dayes. and therewith ſent Iohn Iokin called Monſieur de Vaux, which as ye haue heard in the laſt yeare was kept ſecret in maſter Larks houſe. By his procurement a truce was graunted to endure from the xiij. of Iuly for xl. days betwene Englande and Fraunce both by ſea and lande.

In the later end of Iuly came into England y^e chief priſident of Roan with ſufficient authoritie to conclude any agreement that ſhoulde be graunted. At his ſuite the king was contented that a truce ſhoulde be taken to endure from the xiiij. of Auguſt, till the firſt of December.

Ambaſſadors ſent into Denmarke.This yere the king ſent Doctor Henry Standiſhe biſhop of Saint Aſſe, and Sir Iohn Baker knight into Denmarke, to intreate with the nobles of that countrie for the reduction of their K. Chriſtierne to his Realme and former dignitie: but the Danes hated him ſo much for his crueltie, that they coulde not abyde to heare of anye ſuch matter, and ſo theſe Ambaſſadors returned without ſpeeding of their purpoſe for the which they were ſent.

But the French ambaſſadors did ſo much both by offers and intreaties, that the king condiſcended to a peace,A peace proclaymed betweene England & France which being concluded, was proclaymed in London with a Trumpet the viij. of September. By the couenants of this peace the King of Englande ſhoulde receyue at certayne dayes xx.C. thouſande Crownes, which then amounted in ſterling money to the ſumme of iiij.C.M. lb ſterling, of the which, one payment of fiftie thouſand pounde was payde in hande.

In October were ſent into France, ſir William Fitzwilliam treaſurer of the Kings [...]on[...], and Doctor Taylor, as ambaſſadors from the king of Englande, to the Ladie Regent,The La[...] [...] gent ſw[...] to performe the articles of the league. whom they founde at the Citie of Lion, where of hir they were honourably receyued, and in their preſence the ſayde Ladie Regent tooke a corporall othe in ſolemne wiſe, and according to the cuſtome in ſuch caſes vſed, to performe all the articles and couenants paſſed and concluded in the league and treatie of peace by hir Cōmiſſioners.

The Emperour was nothing pleaſed, in that the king of Englande had thus concluded peace with the Frenchmen, and therefore the Engliſh merchants were not ſo courteouſly dealt with as they had bene afore time.

In this winter was great death in London, ſo that the Terme was adiourned, and the king kept his Chriſtmas at Eltham, with a ſmall number,The ſtill Chriſtmas. and therefore it was called the ſtill Chriſtenmas.

In Ianuarie was a peace concluded betwixt the Realmes of Englande and Scotland for iij. yeares and ſixe monethes.1526

The Cardinall about this time comming to the Court, which then laye (as before ye haue hearde) at Eltham, tooke order for altering the ſtate of the Kings houſe. Many officers and other ſeruaunts were diſcharged, and put to their pencious and annuities. In which number were lxiiij. yeomen of the garde, which before hauing xij.d. the day with checke, were nowe allowed vj.d. the day without checke,The Cardinal altereth the ſtate of the kings houſholde. and commaunded to go home into their countries. Diuers ordinā ces were made at that ſeaſon by the Cardinall touching the gouernāce of the kings houſe, more profitable than honorable, as ſome ſayde,The ſtatutes of Eltham. & were called long after, the ſtatutes of Eltham.

On Shrouetueſdaye there was a ſolemne iuſtes helde at the manor of Grenewich, the king and xj. other on the one part, and the Marques of Exceter with xj. other on the contrarie parte. At thoſe iuſtes by chaūce of ſhiuering of a ſpeare ſir Frauncis Brian loſt one of his eyes. The xj. of Februarie being Sunday, the Cardinall with great pompe came to the Cathedrall Church of Paules, where he ſate in Pontificalibus vnder his cloth of eſtate of rich cloth of gold, and there D.Doctor Barnes beareth a fagot. Barnes an Auguſtine frier bare a fagot for certaine points of hereſie, alledged againſt him, and two merchants of the Stilyarde bare fagots for eating fleſh on a Friday, and there the Biſhoppe of Rocheſter Doctor Fiſher made a ſermon againſt Martine Luther, which certaine yeares before, that is to witte, about the yeare 1518. had begonne to preach and write againſt the authoritie of the Pope.

All this yeare was continuall ſuite made to the Emperour and his Counſell by the Ladye Regent of France & other, for the deliueraunce of the French king,A peace concluded. and finally vpō certaine articles, there was a peace and league cōcluded, & the king of Englande included in the ſame. Amongſt other articles, it was couenāted, and the French king promiſſed to diſcharge [...] Emperor againſt the king of Englande for the f[...] of .200000. crowns, which the empe[...] [...] then to the king of England, and to [...] the Emperour a ſure acquitance for the foure. The king of England hearing that the French K. ſhuld now be deliuered, ſent to him a knight of his chamber, called ſir Tho. Cheney to ſignifie to him the great ioy & gladnes, which he cō ceiued for his reſtitution to libertie, & y^e concluſion of the generall peace, for which kindnes & curteous remēbrance, the French king thought himſelfe much bound to the king of Englande, & thanked him greatly therfore. After that this peace was accorded, & the French king deliuered, y^e Emperor maried y^e Lady Iſabell daughter to Emanuell king of Portingal, & had wyth hir xj.C.M. ducats. Ye muſt here note, that y^e Emperor being at Winſor in the .14. yeare of the kings raigne couenaunted amongeſt other things to take to wife y^e Lady Mary daughter to the king of England, but now vpon cō ſiderations his minde changed, for the whiche the Engliſhemen ſore murmured againſt him.

An. reg. 18. The .29. of Aprill being Sundaye y^e Cardinall ſong a ſolemne Maſſe in the kings Chapell at Greenwich, & after the ſame was ended, the king ſware in preſence of the Ambaſſadors of France,Kyng Henry ſvvorn to per [...] the leag[...]e concluded. & of the Ambaſſadors of Rome, of y^e Emperor of Venice, & of Florence, to obſerue, & keepe the peace & league concluded beetwixte him, and his louing brother, & perpetuall allie y^e Frenche king, during his life & one yeare after. In this mean while, there was a ſecrete league concluded betwixt the Pope, the Venetians, y^e Florentins,A ſecret league betvvixte the Pope and certain ſtates of Italye. & Francis Sforza duke of Millan, into the which league the French king alſo entred, after he was returned into France. Ther was alſo place lefte to the king of England to enter into the ſame league, and likewiſe to all other kings & princes, & if the King of Englād wold, he ſhould be admitted as protector of the ſame. But the Emperor might not be admitted till he had deliuered the French kings children (hauing a reaſonable ſum of mony for the ſame) and hadde reſtored the Duke of Millan to his whole Dutchy. It was thought in deede that the Emperor being wrongfully enformed againſt this Duke rather through enuy of ſome of the Emperors Captaines, than for any cauſe miniſtred by the Duke, dealte very ſtraightlye with him, and ment to defeat him of his Duchie. For redreſſe whereof, and alſo to prouide that the Emperour ſhould not grow to ſtrong to Italy to the daunger of other eſtates, [...] league wa[...] [...]ed [...]rce whereof [...]ght [...] to reaſon, if he wold re[...] [...] [...]ff[...] & [...] [...]ent ways of a [...]t.

This league was [...]ed the [...] [...]d twentith of May in this yeare. What [...] ed thereof, yee maye reade more at large in the [...]ries of [...] and Frāce, where the warres are more at large of [...] whiche [...] in that [...] Emperour, and the Com[...] [...]tes, and [...] the [...]mperiall [...]aye tooke the Citie of Bo[...]e, and beſiegyng the Pope in Caſtell Sainct Angelo, con[...]ed him to [...]e.

This yeare in the [...]te of London a greate grudge was conceiued agaynſt merchāt [...]ngers, for that they by vertue of licences,Creat grudge againſte ſtraungers fer procuring licences to ſell vvoad. whiche they hadde purchaſed, to bring woade into the realme contrary to a ſtatute thereof prouided, broughts ouer ſuch plentie thereof, and vttered it aſwell in the citie as abroade in the country, ſo frankely, that Engliſhemennes woade laye vnbought.

At length the Maior called a counſal, wherin to b[...]le theſe ſtrangers, it was enacted, that no citizen, nor freeman, ſhould buy or fell, nor exchange, or haue to due wyth certayne ſtrangers, whoſe names were expreſſed.

In this ſeaſon the angell noble was iuſt the ſixt part of an ounce Troy,Valuation of certain coyne. ſo that .vj. Angels were iuſt an ounce, which was .xl. ſs. ſterling, and the angell was worth two [...]ces of ſiluer, ſo that ſixe Angelles were worth .xij. ounces, which was but .xl. ſs. in ſiluer. By reaſon of the good weight, and lowe valuation of the Engliſhe coigne, Merchauntes dayly carryed ouer great ſtore, bicauſe the ſame was much enhaū ced there, ſo that to meete with this inconuenience, in September proclamation was made through all Englande, that the angell ſhoulde go for .vij. ſs. iiij. d the royall for .xj. ſs. and the crowne for .iiij. ſs. iiij. d and the fift of Nouember following by proclamation againe the angell was enhaunſed to .vij. ſs. vj. d and ſo euery ounce of golde ſhoulde be .xlv. ſs. and an ounce of ſiluer at iij. ſs ix d in value.

The king kepte a ſolempne Chriſtmaſſe at Greenewiche wyth reuelles, maſkes, diſ[...]uiſings, and banquets.

The fourteenthe of Ianuarye came to the court Don Hugo de Mēdoſa,1527 An Ambaſſadour from the Emperour. a man of a noble familye in Spaine: he came as Ambaſſadour from the Emperor to the king, with large commiſſiō, for the Emperor put it to y^e kings determinatiō whether his demaūds which be required of the French king were reaſonable or not.

This noble man tarried here two yeres full.

The ſeconde of Marche were receyued into London the Biſhop of Tarbe, Frauncis Vicount of Thurayne, & maſter Anthony Veſey ſecōnde preſident of Paris, as Ambaſſadors frō the french king.Ambaſſador from the [...]ch a King. They were lodged in Ta[...] Hall. On Shrouetweſday the Kyng and .viij. with him helde Iuſtes againſt the Marques of Execter, & .viij on his parte. There were broken betwixt them .286. ſpeares according to the accompt thereof taken. The French Ambaſſador ſued (as was ſaide) to haue the Ladye Mary daughter to the King of England, giuen in mariage to the Duke of Orleaunce ſecond ſon to their maiſter the French king, but that matter was put in ſuſpence for dyuers conſiderations, & one was for that the Preſident of Paris doubted whether y^e mariage betwene the king and hir mother (ſhe beeyng hys brothers wife) was lawfull or not. The .xiiij. of March were conueied from London to Greenewiche by the earle of Rutlande, and other, the Lord Gabriell de Salamanca earle of Ottenburg: Iohn Burgraue of Siluenberg: & Iohn Faber a famous clerk after Biſh. of Vienne as Ambaſſadors frō Don Ferdinando brother to y^e Emperor newly elected king of Hūgary & Bobem, after the death of his brother in lawe king Lewes,Ambaſſadoures from Fornādo. whiche was ſlayne by the Turke the laſte Sommer, as in the hiſtorie of Hūgarie, it doth appeare. Maiſter Faber made before the kyng an eloquent Oration touchyng the purpoſe of their comming, which was to deſier the King of aide againſt the Turke. To the which Oration the king by the mouth of Sir Tho. More made anſwere as was thought conuenient for the time. In the Winter ſeaſon of this yere fell great abundaunce of raine, & namely in Septē ber, Nouember, and December. And on the xvj. of Ianuary it rained ſo aboundantly that great floudes thereof enſuing, deſtroied corne, fieldes, paſtures, and drowned many ſheepe, and beaſtes. Then was it drye till the .xij. of Aprill, and from thence it rayned euery day or night till the thirde of Iune, and in Maye it reined .xxx. houres continually without ceaſſing, whiche cauſed greate flouds, & did muche harme, namely in corne, ſo that the nexte yere it failed within this realme, and great darth enſued. An. reg. 19. The Frenche Ambaſſado[...] in the name of their Maiſter ſvveare [...] ſerue the lea[...] The French Ambaſſadors at Greenwich on Sunday the .v. of May ſware in the name of their maiſter the French king to obſerue the peace & league concluded betwene thē, for term of the .ij. Princes liues. Theſe Ambaſſadours had great cheare, & Iuſtes were enterpriſed for the honor & pleaſure of them at the kings commaundement by ſir Nicholas Carew, ſir Robert Iernyngham, ſir Anthony Browne, and Nicholas Haruy Eſquier chalengers. Againſt whom ran the Marques of Exceter, and .xiij. with him as defendants. When theſe Ambaſſadors ſhould returne, they had great rewards giuen them of the king, and ſo tooke their leaue and departed. Shortly after the king ſente ſir Thomas Bollongne Vicounte Rocheforde, & ſir Anthony Browne knyght as Ambaſſadors from him into Fraunce,Ambaſſadors into Fraunce. whiche came to Paris to the Biſhoppe of Bathe that lay there, for the king as legier, and then theſe .iij. wente to the Courte, and ſawe the Frenche Kyng in perſon ſweare to keepe the league, & amitie concluded betwene him and the King of Englande. Alſo the king ſent ſir Frauncis Pointz knight Ambaſſador from him to Charles the Emperour,An Ambaſador to the Emperour. & with him went Clarenceaux kyng of armes to demaunde the one halfe of the treaſure and ordinaunce, whiche was taken at Pauia, forſomuche as y^e warre was made aſwell at y^e kings charge as at the Emperors. Alſo they were cō maunded to demaund one of the french kings ſonnes whiche lay in hoſtage wyth the Emperour, that is to wit, the duke of Orleance to be deliuered to the king of Englande, and further that he ſhoulde call backe his army out of Italy, and if ſo were that hee refuſed theſe ſo reaſonable requeſtes, then ſhoulde they in the kings name denoūce open warre againſt him. The engliſhe marchantes liked the matter nothing at all, [...]e [...] that there ſhoulde bee any warres betwixte the Emperour, and the king of Englande, and where they wer deſired by the Cardinal to kepe their mares at Calais, they wold not aſſent thereto.

[...] taken & [...] In this mean time was Rome taken by the Imperio[...]s, and the Pope broughte into captiuitie, wherwyth the Kyng was ſo intenſed againſt the Emperour by the nauigation of the Cardinall, that he had determined not to ſpare any [...]aſure for the Popes deliuerance. There roſe a ſecret br[...] in London that the kings cō feſſor Doctor Longlād, and diuers other great Clerkes had tolde the King that the marriage betweene hym,The kings marriage brought in quo [...] and the Ladye Katherine late wife to hys brother Prynce Arthur was not lawfull: wherevpon the king ſhoulde [...] a diuorſe, and marry the Dutcheſſe of Alan ſon ſiſter to the Frenche King at the towne of Calais this Sōmer, and that the Vicount Rocheforte had broughte wyth hym the picture of the ſaide Lady.

The Kyng was offended wyth thoſe tales, and ſente for ſir Thomas Seimer maior of the erle of London, ſecretely chardging him to ſee that the people ceaſſed from ſuch a talke.

But whatſoeuer the commons talked, it was determined that the Cardinall ſhould go ouer into Fraunce as high Ambaſſador for the king, and to take with him .xij. ſcore thouſand pound to be emploied on the warres to be made by the confederates againſt the Emperor, if he would not condiſcende to ſuche demaunds as the Engliſh Ambaſſadors on the kings behalfe ſhoulde exhibite vnto him.

The thirde of Iuly this triumphant Cardinall paſſed throughe London wyth .xij.C. horſe toward the ſea ſide,The Cardinall goeth Ambaſſadour into Fraunce. and cōming to Canterburye reſted there, and declared to the people what hadde chaunted to the Pope, and cauſed the Monkes of Chriſtes Churche to ſing their Letany after this maner.A Proceſſion. A nevve deuiſed Letany. Sancta Maria ora pro Cl[...]mente Papa. &c. Then he exhorted y^e people to faſt & pray for the Popes delyuerāce accordingly as he had already ſent commiſſions to al the biſhops within the realme to follow that order, which was to faſt .3. days in the weeke & to vſe in euery pariſh ſolemne proceſſiōs. The xj. of Iuly y^e Cardinall tooke ſhipping at Doner, & landed the ſame day at Caleis, frō whence he departed the .22. of Iuly, and with him was the Byſhop of London Cutbert Tunſtall, the Lord Sands Chamberlain to y^e king, the earle of Darby, ſir Henry Guilforte, Sir Thomas Moore, with many other knightes & eſquiers, in all to the number of .xij.C horſe, and of carriages there were .80. wagons, & .60. moiles and ſumpter horſes. He that is deſirous to vnderſtande wyth what honor this triumphaunt Cardinall was receyued in al places as he paſſed throughe Picardie by order giuen by the French King, may reade thereof at large in the chronicles of maiſter Hall. At Amiēs he was receyued by the french K. himſelfe, & by his mother with al other the chiefe Peeres of France,The Cardinal is honorablye receiued by the French kyng. There was nothing forgot that might do hym honor or pleaſure. But to the effect of his buſines, after he had ſhewed his cōmiſſion, they fell in counſell, & in the end grew to a full concluſion of a league to be accorded & eſtabliſhed betwixt the kings of Englād & France,A league betvveene Englande, and Fraunce. the couenaunts and articles wherof were drawen and written vp in a faire charter which was ſealed in ſolempne wiſe & deliuered to the Cardinalls by the kings owne hand. After this, it was agreed,Monſieure de [...]avvtrecke. y^e Ode[...] de Fois cōmonly called Monſieur de Lawtrecke ſhould go into Italy with a puiſſaunt army to procure the Popes deliueraunce, and ex[...]ulſe the Emperours power out of all y^e parties of Italy, if he refuſed ſuch reaſonable offers and articles of agreement as were drawen, and ſhuld be exhibited to him. In this army went ſir Robert Iernynghā, and Iohn Carew of Ha[...]am & 80. other engliſh gentlemē, [...] Robert [...] [...]ringham. whiche were ſent by the Cardinall frō Amiens.

When the armye was aſſembled, the Cardinall deliuered y^e mony which he had brought out of Englād with him in barrells, with the which the armye was paide two Monethes beefore hād, and y^e ſurpluſage was deliuered to ſir Robert Iernyngham, whyche was called Thr[...]aſourer of the warres.

The name of the army ſent [...]to Italy.This armye was called in latine Exercieus Anglia & Gallorum Regumpro Pontifice Romano liberando congrega[...]us, that is to ſay, the army of the kings of England and France, gathered for the deliueraunce of the Byſhoppe of Rome, and ſo was it reputed.

In this meane time the Engliſh Ambaſſadors Sir Frauncis Pointz and Clarenceaux the herault were come into Spaine, and there to the Emperor in the towne of Vale Doliffe the .vj. of Iuly deliuered the kings letters, and further declared their meſſage as they hadde in commaundemēt. The Emperor made to them a courteous anſwer for that time, and ſaide hee would take counſell in the matter, & then ſhuld they receiue further aunſwer, and in the meane time they might repoſe them. Within a day or two after, hee called to hym Doctour Lee that was the kings Ambaſſadour legier there wyth hym, and the ſaide Syr Frauncis Pointz, and ſaid to them,

My lordes we haue perceiued the Kyng your Mayſters demaundes, whyche are weightie and of great importaunce. Wherefore we intend with al ſpeed to write to the K. our vncle, and when we haue receiued anſwere frō him, we ſhall deliuer you of ſuch things as you require, praying you in the meane time to take patience. The Emperour protracted tyme of purpoſe bycauſe he was lothe to anſwer directly to ſuch greuous and moſt irkeſome complaints bycauſe he g[...]ſſed by y^e courſe of things that the French king would ſhortly be cōſtrained to agree to thoſe conditions of peace, whiche be at the firſte had offered.

But the Frenche King, and the Cardinall being togither at Amiēs, amongſt other things determined there betwixt them in counſell, deuiſed further what articles of offer ſhoulde bee ſente to the Emperor, which if he refuſed, then open defyaunce to he made to hym in name of both the Kings. The articles were theſe in effecte.

Fyrſt that the French king ſhuld pay for his ranſom 25000. crowns one writer called it .ij. millions. 2. Alſo that hee ſhoulde releaſe all the penſiō that he had in Naples,Articles propoſed to the Emperour. with all the right of the ſame. 3 Alſo that he ſhoulde neuer claime title to the Dutchie of Mi[...]lane .4. Alſo [...] ſhulde releaſe the ſuperioritie of Flaunders foreuer, and the right whiche hee had to the Citie of Tourney 5. Alſo hee ſhoulde releaſe all the homages of all perſones within thoſe coūtryes 6. Alſo to withdrawe his armye out of Italy, 7. Alſo to forſake the ayde of the Switzers againſte the Emperour. 8. Alſo to take no more parte wyth Ro[...]ert de la Marche agaynſte the Emperour .9. Alſo neuer to aide the Kyng of Nauar[...] ag[...]ſ[...] him, althoughe he had married the King [...]ſter. 10. Alſo neuer to aide the Duke of Gelder[...]and, nor to chalenge the ſame Dutchie. 11. Alſo to aide the Emperour wyth ſhippes and men to hys Coronation. 12. Alſo to ma[...]y the Lady Elenore Quene of Porti[...] gale ſiſter to the Emperor. 13. Alſo that the Dolphyne ſhoulde marrye the ſayde Queenes daughter. 14. Alſo that if the Frenche Kyng hadde an[...]e children male by the ſaid Queene, then the Dutchye of Burgongne, to remayne to the ſaide childe being male. 15. Alſo that the Frenche King ſhould be friende to the Emperour, and hys friendes, and enemye to hys ennemies.

Theſe with manye other articles, whyche were not openlye knowen, were ſente to the Byſhoppe of Tarbe, and to the Vicounte of Thuraine Ambaſſadours wyth the Emperor from the Frenche Kyng.

Other articles were alſo ſente to the Engliſhe Ambaſſadours beyng in Spayne, as to moue the Emperour to ſome reaſonable ende with the Frenche King, and that the Kyng of Englande woulde releaſe to hym all the ſummes of money due to hym, aſwell by the Emperour Maximilian his Grandefather as himſelfe, and take the Frenche King as debter for the ſame.

If hee woulde not agree to theſe offers, then was it accorded that the Frenche K. ſhuld marrie the Ladie Mary daughter to the kyng of Englande, and they bothe to bee enemyes to the Emperoue.

When all theſe thynges were concluded,The Cardynal retourne out of Fraunce. the Cardinall tooke hys leaue of the Frenche Kyng and hys mother, and wyth greate rewardes retourned, commyng to Rychemonts where the Kyng then laye, the laſte of September.

In October, there came Ambaſſadoures from the French King into England, the lord Annas de Montmorancy, great Maſter of the ſaid French kings houſe, the Biſhoppe of Ba[...] onne chiefe preſidente of Roan, and Monſieur de Humieres accompanied wyth. [...]. Gentlemen well appointed. Theſe Ambaſſadors were receyued with all honor [...]ght be deuiſed.

On [...] daye the Kyng commyng to the Cathedrall Church of Saint Paule, where the Cardinall [...]ng Maſſe ſware de[...] the high [...] in the preſente of the French Ambaſſadors to keepe and performe the league.

On Sunday the .x[...]. of Noue[...]ber, the king being [...] knight of the order of Saint Michaell,The K. of Englande recey [...] the order of S. Michaell. receiued [...] Grie[...] with the ſaide order by the hands of the greate maiſter of Fra[...], and Monſier Humi[...]res that wer companions of the ſame order, in like caſe as the French K. the ſame day at Paris receiued the order of the Gar[...]r by the hands of the lorde Liſle, Doctor Taltor maiſter of the Rolls, ſir Nicholas Carew knight maiſter of the kings horſes, ſir Antony Brown knight,The Frenche K. receyueth the order of the garter. & ſir Thomas Wriotheſtey Knight, otherwiſe called Garter Kyng of armes, the whiche were ſente thither wyth the whole habite, roller, and other habillements of the order as appertained. After that the French Ambaſſadors had ben highly feaſted, banqueted, & entertained, with al honor & paſtime conuenient; the great maiſter and all his company tooke leaue of the king, & wyth great rewardes returned into Fraunce, leauing the Biſhop of Bawnne behind them, who abode ambaſſador legier in Englād. In this Moneth of Nouē ber Arthur Biluey, [...]ey and other abiured. Geffrey Lome, & one Garret y^e ſpake againſt the Popes auctoritie, were abiured by the Cardinall. By reaſō of the gret weet that fell in the ſowing time of the corne, & in the beginning of the laſte yeare, now in the beginning of this, corne ſo failed, that in the citie of Londō for a while breade was ſcant, by reaſon that commiſſioners appointed to ſee orders taken in ſhires aboute, ordeined that none ſhuld be cōueied out of one ſhire into an other, which order had like to haue bred diſorder, for y^e euery cuntry & place was not prouided a like, and namely London, that maketh hir prouiſiō out of other places, felte great inconuenience hereby,De[...]th of corn. till the marchants of the Stiliarde, and other out of the Theutſch countryes, broughte ſuch piētie, y^t it was better cheap in London [...] in any other part of England, for the king alſo releeued the citizens in time of their nede with a .M. quarters by way of lone of his own prouiſion. The ſcarcetie at the firſt was more than the derth, for in the beginning of their wante, wheate was only at .xv. ſ. shillings a quarter, and from thence it roſe to .xx. ſ. shillings & after to xxvj. ſ. shillings v d. pence the quarter, till remedy by outward prouiſion was procured and had. In this meane while, y^e Lorde Lau[...]ter with his army was entred into Italy, where howe he ſped, and what came of that expe[...]ion, ye ſhall finde in the hiſtories of Fraunce and Italy, and therefore in this place I paſſe it ouer. Sir Francis Po[...]nes knighte, in [...] of Duc[...]her returned out of Spain into England leauing Clarenceaux behind him, to [...]ng further anſwer. The Emperor at the requeſte of this ſir Frauncis Polties, who made y^e [...]a[...] in [...]ame of his maiſter the K. of England, was contended to releaſe. [...]. articles, whiche we[...] reputed moſt preiudiciall to the French king, only to grati[...]e the king of England but the Cardinall kepte the kyng ſtill in diſpleaſure towarde the Emperor, for the fauor whiche hee dare to the French king whoſe only purpoſes he ſought to aduaunce. The articles whiche were drawē at Ami[...]s whē the Cardinal was there were exhibited to y^e Emperor by the Frēch Ambaſſadors, bycauſe he refuſed the ſame, worde was ſet to Clarenceaux king of arms, to make deſtaunce to the Emperor. Wherevpon on the Wedneſday the .xxij. of Ianuarie, Guyenne king of arms to the French king and Clarēceaux king of arms to the king of England, being in the citie of Bourgues in Spain, came to the Court of Charles the elect Emperor, aboue 9. of the clocke in the morning, and there d[...]d requeſt of his maieſtie, that it wold pleaſe him to appoint thē an houre of audſence. The lord de Cha[...]ux by ordinaunce from hys maieſtie, gaue them anſwer that it ſhuld be about x. of y^e clocke before noone the ſame daye. And at the ſame houre his Maieſtye came into the greate hall of his Courte, accompanyed wyth diuers Prelats, Dukes, Marquiſes, Erles, Barons, & other great lords and good perſonages, of diuers nations of his kyngdome & ſeigniories in great number.

The Emperour ſittyng in a chayre prepared accordyng to his dignitye, the twoo kinges of armes of Fraunce and Englande, being in the nether end of the hall, holdyng vpon their left arms eche one his coate of armes, did make .3. ſolemne reuerences accuſtomed, wyth knee to the ground. And whē they were at the loweſt ſteire before hys Emperiall Maieſtie, Clarenceaux king of armes of Englande, hauing the words in bothe their names, ſpake as followeth.

Sir, following the three Edictes inuiolably kept and obſerued by your predeceſſours Emperours of Rome, Kings, Princes, and Captaynes, Guyenne Kyng of armes of the moſte Chriſtened Kyng, and alſo Clarenceaux King of armes to the Kyng of Englande one ſoueraigne and naturall lords, wee preſentyng our ſelues before your ſacred maieſty, for to declare certaine things from the ſaide kings our maiſters, beſeching your maieſtie, that hauing regarde vnto the ſaide laws according to your benignitie and mercy, that it would pleaſe you to gyue vs ſure acceſſe and good intreatyng in your countreis, lands and ſeigniories attēding your aunſwere, with ſure conducts to re[...]oue[...]e vnto the coūtreis, lands, and ſeigniories of our ſaide ſoueraigne Lordes. The Emperour then had them ſaye on whatſoeuer the Kyngs your maiſters haue giuen you in chardge, your priuiledges ſhall be kepte, none ſhall do you any diſpleaſure within my kingdomes or territories.

After thys, Guyenne read in writyng that whych followeth, ſigned wyth y^e hand of y^e ſaid Guienne king of armes:

Sir, the moſt chriſtned Kyng my ſoueraigne and naturall Lorde hathe commaunded me to ſaye to you, that hee hath conceyued a maruellous griefe and diſpleaſure of that, that in place of amitie, whiche hee ſo muche deſired to haue with you, the former enmytie in full force ſtill remaineth. By the whiche he ſeeth and perceyueth, that the euils and inconueniences long ſince begon, ſhal continue and augment, not only vnto you, and vnto him, & your vaſſals & ſubiects, but alſo vnto all Chriſtendom, and that the forces & youths whyche the one and the other oughte to employ againſt the enimyes of the faith, ſhall bee ſpent to the effuſion of Chriſtian bloud, and in offence vnto God, and that you and he endowed with ſo many gracious gifts ſhall not inioye the benefits, which it pleaſed the ſonne of God to leaue to vs, by his teſtament, which is peace, whereof all goodnes proceedeth. And in place of the ſame ſhall haue warre: whereof followeth all calamities, daungers, inconueniences, pouerties, and myſeries. And heerewith, you ſhall ſubmitte your ſelfe vnto them whome you maye commaunde, and ſhall hazarde the bloud and ſubſtaunce of your ſubiectes in the purſſes of ſtraungers: euery one as for himſelfe ought to haue regarde therto, and for the ſhorte tyme that we haue heere to lyue, not to goe aboute to depriue hymſelfe of that tranquillitie, ioye, good regarde and paſtyme, that the Princes maye haue by peace: And by followyng the warre, to bee in pouertie, heauineſſe, and hazarde of loſſe of goodes, honours, and lyues, and that worſte is, after they haue hadde euyll dayes in thys world, to be in danger of eternall payne in the worlde to come, thorough them that haue bene the cauſe therof, and that woulde not yeelde vnto reaſon.

The Kyng my ſoueraigne Lorde is ready to put hymſelfe for his parte in all deuoir, and more than ſo, to haue peace and amitie wyth you: and by this meanes peace ſhall be procured throughout all Chriſtendom, wherby men myght doe God good ſeruice, in making warre on the Infidelles, whyche will bee ſo thankefull to hym, that it wyll put off the puniſhement of faultes, whyche haue bene committed heeretofore by reaſon of the warres, whyche haue too long indured betweene you two, and not yet lyke to ceaſſe, conſideryng the termes whyche you holde and ſeeke to mayntayne, ſith on the one parte, certaine adnownyng them ſelues on you, haue aſſailed and taken by force the Citie of Rome, whyche is the place of the holy and Apoſtolike Sea, where they haue cō mitted and doone all the myſchiefe that might be deuiſed.

The Churches and relikes were prophaned, the Pope holding Saint Peters ſente, as Vicare of God on earth, taken and put oute of his libertie: By the meanes wherof, they that haue committed and executed the ſaid execrable dedes and wickedneſſe, wyth theyr authours and fantours, be fallen and run in paines of right, & they that hold them captine, heare themſelues on you, and he that dothe keepe them, hath bin and is of the principall capitaynes, of whome you haue bene ſerued in your warres in Italy and other partes: And on the other ſyde, the difference whiche at this time reſteth betweene you and the king my ſoueraine & naturall lord, is principally vpon the raunſome and recouery of the Princes hys ſonnes, whyche you holde for hoſtages of the ſame: hee hathe oftentimes offered, and yet dothe offer to pay to you, and giue to you, not only that whiche may be ſaide to be reaſonable, and in ſuch caſes accuſtomed, but alſo more largely. And you oughte not to ſtand vppon thynges whych by force and conſtraint he hath promiſed, the whiche iuſtly and honeſtly he may not performe nor accompliſh: you had a great deale more gained to haue taken the ſaide raunſome which was offered vnto you, than to continue the war, and to giue occaſion of all the euilles and inconueniences that dayly happen thereby through Chryſtendome.

You ſee the king of England, with whom he hath brotherlye amitie for euer, and alſo the Venetians, Florentins, and Duke of Bar, and other Princes and Potentates, following and holding the partie of the ſaid Chriſten king, for that they ſee he yeldeth to reaſon, & by reaſō you wil not therto encline, y^e vniuerſal peace cānot be cōcluded in Chriſtendom. The enemies of y^e faith gain coūtries: Al Italy is in arms, blud & rapine, and the Apoſtolicall Sea in trouble, ſo that if on your parte, you ſeeke not [...] die, and that things doe thus continue as they haue begonne, it is to bee feared, that God will bee angrie.

And for as muche (ſir) as to the declarations whiche the aboueſaid princes haue offered vnto you, and the preſentations which the ſaid chriſtian king hath made vnto you, you haue refuſed to giue rare, therby to come to ſome accord with him, and to content your ſelf with a ranſome more than reaſonable: alſo for that you will not render vnto his good brother, perpetuall allie and confederat, the king of England, that whiche is his, ſet the Pope at libertie, and leaue Italie in peace and tranquilitie, he hathe commanded me to declare, ſignify, and notifye vnto you to his greate griefe and diſpleaſure, with his ſaid good brother the king of Englād, that they will holde & take you for their enemy, declaring al maner of treaties and couenaunts heretofore paſſed betwene them and you, in all that concerneth your profit & vtility to bee nothing, and that of his parte he will not obſerue nor keepe the ſame: But by all meanes that he may imagine with his good friendes alies and confederates, & wyth all his forces endomage you, your countries, lands, & vaſſals by warre, or otherwiſe, in ſuch ſort as he may deuiſe, vntill the tyme that you haue reſtored to hym hys children, wyth honeſt meanes and couenaunts touching his raūſome, deliuered the Pope, rendred vnto the king of Englande that you hold of hym, and acquitted the ſomme whiche you owe hym, and ſuffer his allies and confederates to liue in peace, reſt, and tranquilitie, and proteſteth before god and all the world, that he doth not wiſhe nor deſire the warre, but that it wholly diſpleaſeth hym, and is not therefore the cauſe of the euill that is or maye come thereof, conſidering that he hath put, and will put himſelfe vnto all reaſon, as he hath offered and ſignified vnto you and to all other chriſtiā princes, and yet doth, and of all this he calleth god who knoweth al things to witnes, and for that vnder colour of the publication of the pretēded tre[...]ty of Mad[...] made, he being yee priſoner in Spaine, [...] of your ſubiects, and of [...] of the King of Englande, and of hys haue, [...] their marchādiſes & others goods into the kingdomes, ſtraights and ſeigniories the one of the other, whereby may en[...]gre as domages, if of them no mention ſhoulde: hee made in this preſent declaration and ſignification, my ſoueraine Lord and the ſaid King of Englād he contented that liberty be giuen vnto all ſubiectes being in the ſaide Kyngdomes, countreis, ſtraightes and ſeigniories, to retire[...] deparſe from thence with all their goods & marchandiſes within .xl. days after this intimation made, prouided that you ſhall do the like vnto theſe ſubiects in all and euery their marchandiſes giuen the .xj. day of Nouember. Anno 1527.

and ſigned Guienne king of [...]emes. The Emperor after the diſtance giue by Guienne ſpake in this ſorte:

I do vnderſtand that whiche you haue redde from the King your Mayſter; I do muche maruell why he doth defye me, for he being my priſoner by right war, and I hauyng his faithe by reaſon hee cannot do it: It is vnto me a noueltie to bee defied of hym, ſeeing it is ſix or ſeuen yeares that he hath warred againſte mee, and yet giuen me no defyaunce, and ſithe that by the grace of God I haue defended my ſelfe from hym, as he hath ſeene, and euery one elſe, without that he hathe giuen mee any warnyng, or conſidering the reaſon and iuſtification whereon I do reſt my ſelfe, for the whiche I thinke I haue not otherwyſe deſerued towards God, I hope that at this time now you aduertiſe me of it, being aduertiſed I ſhall defend myſelf the better, in ſuch ſort that the king your maiſter ſhall do mee no hurte, for ſince hee doth defy me, I am halfe aſſured.

And touchyng that whyche you ſpake of the Pope, none hathe bin more ſorowfull than I of that which was done, and it was without my knowledge or cōmaundement: and that which hathe bene done, was done by vnruly people, without obedience to any of my Captaines. And yet I aduertiſe you, that the Pope long ſince is ſet at libertie: and yeſterdaye I hadde certayne newes of it. And as touchyng the ſonnes of youre Maiſter, hee knoweth that I haue them for pledges, and alſo my Lordes his Ambaſſadours knowe well that the faulte hath not layne in mee that they haue not beene delyuered.

And as for that of the Kyng of Englande my good brother and vncle, I beleeue if it hee ſo as you doe ſaye, that hee is not well infourmes of [...]ynges paſſed, and if hee were, yet could I not ſaye as your writyng conteyneth, I deſire to ſende hym my reaſons for to aduertiſe him of all the truthe. And I beleeue when he ſhall knowe it, that hee will bee vnto me as he hathe bene. I neuer denied the money whyche I borrowed of hym, and I am readye to pay it as by reaſon and right I am bound: and thanked [...]e God I haue enoughe to doe it. Neuertheleſſe if he will make warre againſte mee, it will bee to my greate diſpleaſure, and cannot but defend myſelfe. I pray to God that he gyue mee no more occaſion than I thinke I haue giuen vnto him.

And to the reſte, for that your writyng is

great, and the paper ſheweth it ſelf to be gentle, ſeing that they haue written what they would: You ſhall giue mee the writing, wherby more particularly I may anſwer in an other paper, wherin ſhall be nothing but truth.

This aunſwere being made by his Maieſtie with his own mouth vnto Guyenne K. of armes, the ſayd Guyenne tooke his cote of armes that he had on his lefte arme (as before is ſaid) and put it on, and then Clarenceaux Kyng of armes of England, ſayd vnto his maieſtie not by writing but by mouth, as foloweth.

Syr, the king my ſoueraigne Lord hath cō maunded me to ſaye vnto you, that ſeyng the neceſſitie of peace in the Chriſtian religion, as wel by reaſon of the enforcement many yeeres paſt, begonne by the great Turke enimie vnto our fayth, whiche by force of armes hath taken away from the Chriſtians the citie and Ile of the Rhodes, one of the principall bulwarkes of Chriſtendom, and in Hungarie the fortreſſe of Belgrade, & part of the coūtrey there, as alſo by hereſies and newe ſectes, of late riſen in diuers places of Chriſtendome. And likewiſe knowing the greate warres being kindeled in al parts, by meanes of which, al chriſtendome is in trouble, cōfuſion, and maruellous deuiſion, and not long ſince by your people and miniſters and ſouldiers in your armie, and vnder your captains the holie citie of Rome, hath bin ſacked, and robbed, the perſon of our holy father y^e Pope taken priſoner, & kept by your people: The Cardinals likewiſe takē & put to ranſom, y^e churches robbed, Biſhops, prieſts & people of religion put to the ſworde, and ſo many other euils, cruelties, & inhumain facts cōmitted by your people, that the ayre & the land are infected therwith. And it is very like, y^t God is greatly ſtirred and prouoked vnto ire: & to ſpeak after the maner of men, if by amendment it be not pacified, innumerable euils & inconueniences ſhall happen vnto al Chriſtendom. And for that the roote & encreacement of the ſaid warres proceedeth of the cōtentions & debates betwene you, & the moſt chriſtened K. his good brother & perpetuall allie: to make an end of which debates, the K. my ſoueraine lord hath ſent his ambaſſadors & others, vnto the moſt chriſtened K. his good brother, with whom hee hath done ſo much, that for the loue that he hath borne him, he hath made vnto you ſo great offers, and ſo reſonable, that you can not, nor ought not reaſonably to refuſe thē, as conditions & offers for his raunſome exceeding the raunſom accuſtomed of all kings. And if in this, the conſideration of peace had not bin, an euil exāple might therof growe for other kings & chriſtened princes ſubiecte vnto the like fortune: Of whiche offers and conditions he hath lykewiſe aduertiſed you by his Embaſſadors, prayed and beſought you for the honor of God, and the welth of all chriſtendome, for the benefits & pleaſures that he hath done vnto you diuers wayes, and that in tyme of your great neede, that it would pleaſe you to accept the ſayde offers, and make an ende of the ſayd warres, that haue too long endured. Lykewyſe as a Chriſtened Prince bounde to the protection of the Pope, and Sea Apoſtolike, and conſequentely, to the deliuerance of his holyneſſe, (which you can not, nor ought to kepe priſoner, without great offence) that you woulde reſtore his holyneſſe vnto a full and entier libertie. Alſo hee hath oftentymes ſhewed by diuers obligations and other meanes howe you are indebted vnto him in diuers great ſummes of money, that he hath giuen and lent you in your neceſſitie, requiring you to make payment: of all whiche thinges you haue made no accompte from tyme to tyme, but deferred it, and helde in ſuſpence the embaſſadours of the king my ſoueraine, without hauing regard to gods honor, and the neceſſitie of all chriſtendome, and the reuerence that you ought to haue vnto the holy ſeate and perſon of our holy father the Pope, the vicare of God on earthe, or vnto the pleaſures that you haue receyued of hym, or vnto your faithe and promiſe, that you ſo oftētimes haue made.

And for this cauſe the King my ſaide ſoueraigne by honeſt reaſon and iuſtice, conſtrayned by great and ripe deliberation of his counſell, hopyng for a finall concluſion, hathe cauſed agayne to bee preſented offers more larger and to greater aduauntage than the others before, to put you in deuoir, and to auoyde and take away all occaſion to deferre and diſſimule to come to reaſon, whych offers and the augmentyng of the ſame, haue bene made and made agayne with all remonſtrances and honeſt reaſons, that hathe bin poſſible, and in the end there haihe bin made vnto you inſtance for the deliuerie of our ſaid holy father, whoſe holyneſſe you haue reſtrayned, or cauſed to be reſtrayned in place of deliuerye, whyche is verye ſtraunge, and againſte the tene eſtate and dutye of a chriſtian Prince. So that the king my ſoueraign and the moſt chriſtian king his brother and perpetual allie, cannot no l[...]nger indure it wyth theyr honours and duty towards God and the Churche.

And ſeing you wil not condeſcend to reaſon, nor accept the ſaid offers being more thā reſonable, nor ſatiſfie the king my ſaid ſouerain of the debts by you due, as you are bound, he hath concluded with the ſaide moſte chriſtened king his good brother and perpetuall allie, and other of hys confederates, to doe his endeuor to conſtraine you by force and might of armes to delyuer our holy father, & lykewiſe the children of Fraunce, whiche you hold, in paying you a reſonable raunſome, & to ſatiſfie him of that you owe hym. Therefore the King my ſoueraigne Lorde, as a true and conſtant prince, willing to keepe inuiolable his faithe, whiche he hathe promiſſed vnto the ſaid chriſtian prince, and other his allies, & not willing to leaue the perſon of our ſaide holy father the Pope in captiuitie, as alſo wil not the ſaid chriſtian king, they two do ſommon you this tyme for all, to accepte theſe laſte offers, for the deliueraunce of the ſaid children of France, and for the wealth of an vniuerſall peace, and to deliuer the perſon of our ſaide holy father, and alſo to paye ſpeedely and without any more delay, the debts by you due vnto the King my ſoueraigne, and if you doe refuſe theſe finall offers, & alſo to delyuer the perſon of our ſaide holy father, and pay the ſaid debtes, as a good Chriſtian Prince and louer of peace is bound to do, the King my ſoueraigne, and the ſaid chriſtian king his good brother, not without great ſorrowe and diſpleaſure, do declare to be your enemyes, and ſo hereafter do holde and repute you for ſuche one, denouncyng vnto you warre by ſea and lande, defying you with all their forces. Neuertheles, cō ſidering that there is diuers of your ſubiects, & great quantitie of their goodes in the realmes of Englande and Fraunce, and other landes and lordſhips of the ſaid princes: likewiſe ther be diuers of the ſubiectes of the kings of Englande and France, and of their goods in your kingdomes, countreis, landes, and lordſhips, the whiche may receiue aſwell of the one parte as on the other, great and vnrecouerable hurts and domages, if wythout aduertiſements and monition they ſhould be taken and deteyned, the kings Maieſtie my ſoueraigne, & the moſte chriſtian K. of Frāce his good brother be willyng that libertye be giuen vnto your ſubiectes being in their kingdomes, countries, and lordſhips, for to retire & depart with all their goods & marchandiſe, within 40. days after this intimation, ſo that the like libertie and permiſſion, be in like ſorte graunted to their ſubiectes. To this defiaunce of the king at armes of Englād the Emperors Maieſtie did aunſwere in theſe words: I haue vnderſtood that which you haue declared, and I cannot thinke that if the kyng of Englād were throughly aduertiſed of things as they haue paſſed, & of the reaſon to which I haue yeelded, he would not ſaye that which you haue ſaide, and therfore my intentyon is to aduertiſe hym. As to that which you ſpeake of the Pope, I was neuer cōſenting to his deſtruction, which was neuer done by my commaū dement, & I giue you to vnderſtād, that he is deliuered, and I am ſorie for the harmes that wer done at the time when he was taken, of y^e which I take my ſelfe not to be in fault, as I haue told the king of armes of Frāce. And as to the deliueraunce of the French kings ſons, wher meanes hathe bin made for their deliueraunce, I haue bin ready to giue eare therto, & the fault reſteth not in me, for that the peace hathe not bin concluded, but nowe that ye tell me that the king your maiſter will force me to deliuer thē, I will anſwer therto in other ſorte than hitherto I haue done, and I truſt to kepe thē in ſuch wiſe, that by force I ſhall not neede to deliuer thē: for I am not accuſtomed to bee forced in things which I do. As to y^e debt whithe King of Englande hath lent me, I haue neuer denied it, neither do I deny it, but am redy to pay it as right requireth, as I haue cauſed it to be declared vnto hym, and I my ſelfe haue ſhewed no leſſe to his Ambaſſadors, and deliuered my ſaying by writing, & I cannot beleeue, that for ſuch thing (which I refuſe not to accompliſhe) he will make warre againſte me, and if he will ſo do, it will greeue me, but yet I muſte defende my ſelfe: and I pray god that the king your maſter giue me not greater occaſion to make him warre, than I haue giuē to him. You ſhall deliuer me in writyng, that which you haue ſaide, to the which I will alſo anſwer by writyng particularly. This anſwer made by the Emperor to the K. of armes Clarenceaux, the ſaid Clarenceaux tooke his coate of armes which hee had lying on his lefte arms (as before is ſayd) and put it vpon hym. The Emperor herwith commaunded him to deliuer by witing into the hands of the Lord of Bouclans all that he had vttered by word of mouth as is aboue expreſſed, which Clarenceaux promiſſed to do, and ſo he did afterwards, ſigned with his owne hand, word for word. Clarenceaux hauing thus done his duty, incontinently wythdrewe: but before hys departure, the L. of Bouclans ſaid to him & alſo to Guyene, theſe words inſuing.

Behold here this writing in my hand. This is the copy of the capitulatiō, made touching y^e deliuerance of the Pope, and howe hee is deliuered, and departed from Caſtell ſaint Angelo, the .x. of December laſte paſte: put it in your relatiō.

The ſaide king of armes anſwered,

we will ſo do,

& at the ſame inſtāt the Emperor called before hym the ſayd Guienne king of armes of France, and ſaid to him as followeth:

Sith it is [...]ea[...]d that you enioye your Priuiledges, you ought alſo to do your dutie, and therefore I pray you declare to your maiſter, yea euen to hys owne perſon that which I ſhall tell you, which is this: that ſith the treatie of Madril cōtrarie to the ſame, diuers of my ſubiects haue bin taken going about their buſineſſes, & other alſo going to ſerue me in Italy, which haue bē deteined priſoners euill intreated, and by force thruſt into the galleis: & bycauſe I haue of his ſubiects the whyche I might likewiſe take, yee ſhall aduertiſe hym, that if hee deliuer vnto me mine, I will deliuer his, if not, as he ſhall intreate mine, I will intreate his, and that hee ſende me aunſwer hereof within .xl. days: if not, I will take the refuſall for an anſwer. The king of armes Guienne aſked if his maieſtie ment this, concerning the marchantes: whervnto the Emperor anſwered: This is beſide that which is conteyned in your writyng, touchyng the Marchants, to which point (ſaid he) I will anſwer by writyng: and herewith Guyenne makyng iij. obeiſances, ſaide, ſir I will gladly doe it. Then ſaide the Emperor, Tell the King your maiſter further, that I beleeue that he hathe not bene aduertiſed of that whyche I tolde to hys Ambaſſador in Granado, which toucheth him neare, for I holde him in ſuche a caſe ſo noble a Prince, that if he had vnderſtood the ſame, he woulde haue made me an anſwere, he ſhall do well to know it of his Ambaſſador, for by that he ſhall vnderſtande that I haue kepte better faith to him in that I haue promiſed at Madril than he to me and I pray you ſo tell hym, and faile not hereof:

Guienne anſwered,

without doubt ſir I will do it,

and ſo making his obeyſance he departed. The Emperor appointed Iohn[...] Alemāt the barō of Bouchans to ſee that no diſpleaſure nor euill ſpeache were vſed to the ſaid kings of armes, but that they ſhuld bee well vſed, whiche was done to their good contentation. After this, the .xxvij. of Ianuary the ſaide kings of armes came to the ſaide lord of Bouclaus, who by the emperors apointment deliuered an anſwer vnto eyther of them in writyng accordingly as the Emperor hadde promiſed, the copies whereof are ſette forth at large in the Annales of Aquitaine, & for breefneſſe heere omitted. To conclude, the French king tooke ſuch diſpleaſure with the Emperors anſwers made vnto his king of arms Guyēne, wherby he was chardged to do otherwiſe than by his faithe giuē he ought to haue done, that the .xxviij. day of Marche being in the citie of Paris accompanyed wyth a greate number of the princes of his bloude, Cardinalles and other Prelats and nobles of his realme, and alſo the Ambaſſadors of diuers princes and Potentates, he called before hym Nicholas Perenot lorde of Granuelle, vnto whom he ſaid in effect as followeth.

My Lorde Ambaſſadors, it hathe greeued me and dothe greeue me, that I haue bin cōſtrained to handle you not ſo courteouſly and gratiouſly as for the good and honorable behauiour, which you haue ſhewed in dooing your duty being here with me, you haue deſerued at my hands, ſith I muſt needes ſay, ye haue acquite yourſelfe in euery behalfe, aſwell to the honor of your mayſter, as good contentatiō of eche man elſe, ſo that I am aſſured y^e fault reſteth not in you, why thynges haue not come to better and & purpoſe than they haue done, for the good zeale and affection, whiche I haue euer proued in you to the aduaūcement of peace and quietyng of things, wherein I doubte not but you haue done your duetie to the full: but being enformed what your maſter the elect Emperor, againſt all [...]ght and law, aſwell diuine as humain, had cōmaunded to be done vnto my Ambaſſadors, and likewiſe to the other of the league remayning wyth hym, for the furtheraunce of things towards a peace, and cōtrary to all good cuſtomes, which hitherto haue bin obſerued betwixt princes not only Chriſtians, but alſo Infidels, me thought I coulde not otherwiſe doe, for the behoof of my owne Ambaſſadors, areſted and againſt reaſon kept in warde, but to do the ſame to you, althoughe I had no minde to vſe you euill, for the reaſons aboue ſaid, for y^e which, & for y^e duty you haue ſhewed in doing that appertained, I aſſure you my lorde Ambaſſador, that beſide that I doubt not but your maiſter will recompence you for the ſame, yee may be aſſured that wher particularly in any thing I may pleaſure you, I wil do it with as good a will as you can require me. And to make anſwer to that whiche your Maiſter by worde of mouth hath ſaid vnto Guyenne and Clarenceaux kings of arms of the king my good brother and perpetuall and beſt allie, and of me vpō the intimation of the warre whiche hath bin made by vs, conſiſting in viij. points, I will that ech one vnderſtande it. Firſt as to y^t which he ſaith be meruaileth of that he hauyng mee a priſoner by iuſte warre & hauing alſo my faith, I ſhulde defie hym, & that in reaſon I neyther may nor ought to do it. I anſwer therto, that if I were his priſoner here, & that hee hadde my faith, he had ſpoken true: but I knowe not that the Emperor hath euer at any time had my faithe, y^t may in any wiſe auaile him: for firſt in what warde ſoeuer I haue bene, I know not that I haue either ſeene him or encountred with him: whē I was priſoner garded with .iiij. or .v.C. harquebuſiers ſick in my bedde, and in danger of death, it was an eaſy matter to cōſtreine me, but not very honorable to him that ſhuld do it, and after that I returned into Frāce, I knowe not any that hath had power to compell me to it, and to do it willingly without cōſtraint, it is a thing whiche I way more than ſo lightly to bind my ſelfe therto. And bicauſe I will not that my honor come in diſputation, althoughe I know well that euery manne of warre knoweth ſufficiently, that a priſoner garded is not bound to any faith, nor can bind himſelf therto in any thing. I do neuertheleſſe ſende to your Mayſter this writing ſigned with mine owne hande; the which my lord Ambaſſador, I pray you reade, and afterwards to promyſe mee to deliuer it vnto your maiſter, and not to any other,

and herewith the king cauſed it to be deliuered to the ſaid Ambaſſador by Maiſter Iohn Roberter one of the Secretaries of the eſtate, & of his chamber. The Ambaſſador tooke y^e writing in his hande, and after excuſed himſelfe to y^e king, ſaying, y^e as to him, by the letter whiche his maiſter and ſouerain lorde had written vnto him now laſtly, his commiſſion was already expired, & that he had no further commaundement nor inſtructions from his maieſtie, but to take leaue of the king wyth as muche ſpeed as he might, & to returne home, whych he moſt hūbly beſought him to permit him to do wythout further charge or commiſſion, althoughe he knew that hee was at hys commaundement, & that he might at his pleaſure conſtraine him, as ſeemed to him good. Herevnto the king anſwered: my lord Ambaſſador, ſith you will not take vpon you to reade this writing, I will cauſe it to be re[...] in this company, to the end that euery one may vnderſtand, and know that I am cleered in that whereof againſt truthe hee goeth about to accuſe me, and if you afterwardes will not beare it, and deliuer it to him, I will ſend one of my heraults there preſēt to go in company with you, for whom you ſhal procure a good & auailable ſafeconduct, that he may paſſe vnto your maiſter, & preſent vnto him the ſame writing, proteſting and demaundyng that an acte may be regiſtred before this company, that if he will not that it ſhuld come to his knowledge, that I am diſcharged, in that I do my beſt to cauſe him to vnderſtande it accordinglye as I ought to do, & in ſuche ſorte as hee can not pretende cauſe of ignoraunce. After he had made an end of theſe words, he called to him the ſaid Robertet, and with loud voice he commanded him to reade the ſaid writing, which was done worde for worde, in maner as followeth.

WE Frauncis, by the grace of God, king of Fraunce, Lorde of Genes &c. to you Charles by the ſame grace, choſen Emperor of Rome, & King of Spaine:

we do you to wit, that being aduertiſed, that in al the anſwers that you haue made to our Ambaſſadors and heraults, ſent to you for the eſtabliſhing of peace, in excuſing your ſelf, w^tout al reaſon you haue accuſed vs, ſaying y^t wee haue might you our faith, and that therevpon (beſides our promiſe) we departed out of your hands & power. In defence of our honor, whiche hereby might be burthened to muche againſte all truthe, wee thought good to ſend you this writing, by whiche we giue you to vnderſtand, (that notwithſtanding that no man being in ward is bound to keepe faith, & that the ſame might be a ſufficient excuſe for vs: yet for the ſatiffiyng of all men, and our ſaid honor (which we mynde to keepe, and will keepe, if it pleaſe God, vnto the death) that if ye haue charged, or will chardge vs, not only with our ſaid faith, & deliueraūce, but that euer wee did anye thyng, that became not a Gentleman that had reſpect to his honor, that yee lye falſly in your throte, and as ofte as yee ſay it, ye lye, and do determine to defende our honor, to the vttermoſt drop of our bloude. Wherefore ſeeing ye haue charged vs agaynſt all truth, write no more to vs hereafter, but appoint vs the fielde, and wee will bring you the weapons, proteſting that if after thys declaration ye write into any place, or vſe any words againſt our honor, that the ſhame of the delay of the combate ſhall light on you, ſeeing that y^e offering of combat is the ende of all writyng.

Made at our good Town and Citie of Paris, the .[...]8. daye of Marche. Anno. 1528. before Eaſter: Thus ſigned. Frauncis.

After that Robertet had redde this writing there in preſence of the Emperors Ambaſſador, the king made further replie vnto the poynts conteyned in the Emperors anſwers to the defiance, and withall to conclude, tolde the ſaid Ambaſſador, that his maiſter the Emperor had conſtreined him by ſuch meſſage as he had ſent to him, to make y^e anſwer in truth, which he had made, and further willed him to deliuer vnto y^e Emperor y^t writing which he had ſigned with his hand, and to ſay to him, that hee tooke him for ſo honorable a prince, that cōſidering y^e matter wherewith he chardged him, & the anſwere that he made, he wold not faile but to anſwer him like a Gentleman, and not by writing like an aduocate, for if he otherwiſe do (ſaid the K.) I will anſwer his Chaūcellor by an aduocate, and a man of his eſtate, and a more honeſt man than he. Shortly after the Emperors Ambaſſadors returned home into Spaine in ſafetie, and well entreated, and vpō their returne the Ambaſſadors of France were ſet at libertie, & deliuered beyōd Fonterabie, & ſo came ſafely home into Frāce, & a French herault appointed to accōpanie the Ambaſſador Grandeuell, brought the writing of the combat, vnto the Emperor, bicauſe Granduelle refuſed to medle with it, to the which the Emperor v. months after, or therabouts, ſent an anſwer by one of his Heraulds, who being ariued at Paris, mēt vpon y^e ſodain to preſent his letters vnto y^e frēch K. but the K. getting intelligēce therof, the .x. of September, ſitting w^tin his great hall of his palace at Paris aforſaid: before y^e table of marble in a royal ſeat adreſſed & ſet vp for him .[...]. ſteps in heigth appointed to giue audiēce to y^e ſaid herald: On his right hand ſat in chaires y^e K. of Nauarre, the duke of Alanſon & Berry, the erle of Foire Arminack, & on y^e ſame ſide ſat alſo vpon a bēch the D. of Vandoſme a pere of Frāce, lieutenāt general & gouernor of Picardie, Don Hercules d'Eſte eldeſt ſon to y^e duke of Ferrare duke of Chartres & Montarges, who lately before had maried y^e lady Renee, a daughter of Frāce, the D. of Albanie regent & gouernor of Scotlād, the duke of Longueuille great chamberlain of France, & nere to thē vpon an other bench ſat y^e preſidents & coūſellors of y^e court of Parliamēt, & behind them many gentlemē, doctors & lerned men: on the left hand wer ſet in chaires prepared for thē, the Cardinal Saluarie y^e Popes [...] gate, the Cardinal of Bourbō & duke of Laon, a peere of Frāce, the Cardinall of Sens Chancellour of France, the Cardinal of Lorrain, the Archb. of Narbōne, y^e ambaſſadors of y^e kings of England & Scotlād, of the ſeigniorie of Venice, of Milan, of the cantons of y^e Suyſſes, & of Florēce: on an other bench ſat y^e biſh. of Trā ſiluania, ambaſſador for the K. of Hūgarie, the Biſhop & duke of Langres, one of the peeres of Frāce, the biſh. & erle of Noyon, an other of the peeres of Frāce, the Archb. of Lyon, primate of al France, the Archbiſh. of Bourges primate of Aquitain, y^e archbiſhops of Aux & Rouen, y^e biſhops of Paris, Meaux, Lizeux, Maſcon, Limoges, Vabres, Cōſerās & Terbe, & behind thē ſat the maſters of the requeſts & the coūſelors of the great counſel. On either ſide the kings ſeat ſtode the erle of Beaumont great maiſter and Marſhal of France, the L. de Brion admirall of Frāce lieutenāt general, & gouernor of Burgogne, & behind y^e ſame ſeat wer many knights of the order, y^e is to wit, the erle of Laual, lieutenant general & gouernor of Britayn, the lord of Montmorancy, y^e L. Daubigny captain of on .C. launces, and of the Scottiſh garde, the erle of Bryenne, Ligny & Rouſſy, the Lord of Fleuranges marſhal of France, the L. of Ruffoy, the L. of Genoillyac great eſquier & maſter of the artillerie of France, Loys monſier d'Elenes, the L. of Humieres, & the erle of Carpy, & behind thē was the Erle of Eſtāpes prouoſt of Paris, & with him many gentlemen of y^e kings chāber, among the which was the erle of Tancaruille, the L. of Guyenne, the ſon of the erle of Rouſſy, the ſon of the lord of Fleuranges, y^e L. de la Rochepot, the lord Douarty great maſter of the waters & foreſts, y^e L. of Lude, y^e lord of Aauly, the L. de Villebonne, baily of Rouē, the baron of Chaſtean Morāt, y^e L. de la Loue the vicoūt de la Mothe an groing, & the L. of Vertes, & beſides theſe, the maſters & officers of the houſhold & gentlemen waiters, w^t the more part of y^e ij.C. gentlemen, or penſioners as we terme thē. At the entrie into the ſaide throne or tribunall ſeat, were the captains of the gards, & the prouoſt of y^e houſhold, & before the K. kneled y^e Vſhers of the chāber vpon y^e one knee, & at the foot of the ſtep y^e wentvp to the kings ſeat were the prouoſts of the merchāts & Eſcheuins of the town of Paris. Beneath in the hall (the gates wherof were ſtil open) ther was an infinit nū ber of people of al natiōs, & in preſence of them al, y^e K. made this declaratiō. The cauſe wherfore I haue made this aſſēbly, is for y^e the emperor elect hath ſent to me an herault of armes, who as I cōiecture, & as the ſame herault hath ſaid, & as his ſafeconduit importeth, hath brought me letters patents & autentike cōcerning y^e ſuertie of the field for the combat y^t ſhuld be betwixt the ſaid elected Emperor and me: And foraſmuche as the ſaid Herauld, vnder color to bring the ſuretie of y^e field, may vſe certain fictions, diſſimulatiōs or hipoccriſies to ſhift off y^e matter, wher as I deſire expeditiō, & to haue it diſpatched out of hand, ſo y^t by the ſame an end of the warres which haue ſo lōg cōtinued, may be had, to y^e eaſe & cōfort of all Chriſtendom, to auoyd the effuſion of bloud & other miſchieues which come thereof, I haue wiſhed it knowne to al Chriſtendom, to the end y^t euery one may vnderſtand the truth, from whence procedeth y^e miſchief & the long continuance therof, I haue alſo cauſed this aſſēblie to be made, to ſhewe y^t I haue not w^tout great cauſe enterpriſed ſuche an act: for the right is on my ſide: & if I ſhould otherwiſe haue don, mine honor had bē greatly blemiſhed: A thing, which my lords y^t ar of my bloud, & other my ſubiects, wold haue takē in euil part: And knowing y^e cauſe of y^e cōbat and my right, they will beare w^t it, as good & loyall ſubiects ought to do, truſting by Gods helpe to proceed in ſuch ſort therin, y^t it ſhal plainly appere if y^e right be on my ſide or not, and how againſt truth I haue bin accuſed for a breaker of my faith, which I wold be loth to do, nor at any time haue ment ſo to do. The kings my predeceſſors & anceſtors whoſe pictures ar engrauē & ſet here in order w^t in this hall, which in their days haue ſucceſſiuely atchieued glorious acts & greatly augmented y^e realm of France, wold think me vnworthy & not capable to be their ſucceſſor, if againſt myne honor I ſhuld ſuffer my ſelf to be charged w^t ſuch a note by y^e emperor, & ſhuld not defēd my perſon & honor in y^e maner and form acuſtomed. And herwith he declared the whole caſe as it ſtode: firſt how being taken at Paris by fortune of warre he neuer gaue his faith to any of his enimies, & conſenting to be led into Spayne, cauſed his owne galeys to be made redie to conuey him thither where at his arriual he was comitted to ward [...] caſtell of Madrill garden w^t a great nūber of hauing buſiers and others, which vncurteous dealing found in the emperor ſo muche greued him, y^t he fel ſick, & lay in danger of death. V[...]ō the Emperor cōming to viſite him after his recouerie of helth an ward was made betwixt w^t deputies of the Emperor & the ambaſſadors of the Lady his mother then regent of France, which accord was ſo vnreaſon able, that no prince being in libertie wold haue conſented that to dor for his deliuerate haue promiſed ſo great [...] ſome: Which treatie yee they conſtrained here (as he ſaid) to ſweat to perform, being priſoner, againſt y^e proteſtation, whiche heauens times had made, yea as yet being ſicke, & in danger of recidination, & ſo conſequently of death. After this, he was cōueyd foorth on his iorney homewards, ſtil garded & not ſet at libertie, & it was told him, y^e after he came into Frāce, it was cō uenient y^t he ſhould giue his faith, for y^t it was known wel enough, y^t what he did or promiſed in Spain it nothing auailed, and further he remembred not y^t the Emperor had tolde him at any time y^t if he performed not the contents of the treatie, he wold hold him for a breker of his faith, & though he had, he was not in his libertie to make any anſwer: Two things therfore ſaid he, in this caſe ar to be cōſidered, one, y^t the treatie was violētly wroong out frō them, y^t coulde not bind his perſon, and y^t which (as to y^e reſidue) had bin accōpliſhed by his mother, deliuering his ſons in hoſtage: The other thing was his pretēded faith, on whiche they can make no groūd, ſith he was not ſet at libertie. And hereto he ſhewed many reaſons to proue y^t his enimies could not pretende in right y^t they had his faith.The fielde [...] is a place vvhere they may ſafely com to ſight in liſtes before ind[...]e [...] Iudges. Further he ſaid, that in matter of combat there was the aſſailant whiche oughte to giue ſuretie of y^e field, & the defendant the weapons. Herwith alſo he cauſed a letter to beced, which the Emperor had written to Maiſter I[...]han de Calnymont preſidēt of Burdeaux, y^e ſaid kings ambaſſador in the courſe of the ſaid Emperor: The tenor of which better imported, that y^e emperor put the ſaid ambaſſador in remēbrance of ſpeech which he had vttered to y^e ſayd ambaſſador in Granado, repeting the ſame in ſubſtance as followeth, that the Kyng his maiſter hadde done naughtily in not keping his faith, which he had of him, acording to the treatie of Madril, and if the K. wold ſay the contrary, I wil (ſaid the Emperor) maintein the quarel with my bodie againſt his: and theſe bee the ſame wordes that I ſpake to y^e king your maſter in Madril, that I wold hold him for [...] and naughtys: mā if [...] the faith which[...] [...] Then after the ſaid [...] had him [...]che [...] at [...] his en[...] [...]nde [...] wa[...] of [...] be [...] that ever wherof [...]e haue heard [...] [...] becontinued, his [...]ale in declaring what order [...] obſerued [...] the em[...] to the [...] at without all ſhifting del[...] ſo as if the Herald now come frō the Emperor world vſe our [...] than [...] deliuer him [...] tike writing for [...] [...]tie of the field & not obſerue the contents of his ſafe conduct, he [...]nt and to giue him all [...] and [...] vpon [...] called to come in and declare his meſſages who apparelled in his [...] of armes made his aparrāts before the king them ſitting, accompanied as [...] haue heard vnto where the King ſayde.

Herauld do[...] thou bring the [...] of the field, ſuche one as thy maſter being be aſſaylāt ought to deliuer vnto the defendāt, being ſo [...] a perſonage is I[...]. The Heraulde there vnto ſaid: Sir may it pleaſe you to giue m[...] to do [...]ne office: Then ſaid the K. Gi[...]e [...] y^t part of y^e field. & [...] what thou wilt. The Herauld beginning his tale. [...] ſacred [...] the K. ſhew me the patēt of the fielde, for I hold thy maſter forf[...] noble a Prince, that he hath not ſent thee without the ſuertie of y^e field, [...] I haue demaunded, it, and thou knoweſt y^t thy ſafe conducte commenth no leſſe but y^t thou ſhulde to bring it. The Herauld anſwered, y^t he truſted he had brought y^t which might contente, his maieſtie. The K. rep[...] & ſayde: Heraulde giue me the patent of y^e field, giue it one: & if it he ſufficient. I will receiue it, & after ſay what thou wilt. The herauld ſaid that he had incō mandemēt not to deliuer it except he might of clare y^t which he had firſt to ſay. The king ſaide Thy maſter can not giue laws to vs in Frāce. To conclude he told the Herald, y^t he [...]enaduē ture might ſpeake things y^t his maiſter would not anouch, and that he had not to deale with him, but with his maſter. The Herald then re [...]uiced y^t he might haue licence to depart, which the K. granted, and withall the K. cōmanded y^t it might be regiſtred what had paſſed in thys behalf, for at eſti[...]ie that the fault [...]ſted not in him, in that he receiued out the patent. The herauld likewiſe for his diſcharge, required a copie in writing of that which had paſſed, and the ſame was graunted.

Thus for haue I outepaſſed the cōmon boū des of my purpoſe, in ſpeking ſo largely of this matter of combat, bicauſe of the [...]areneſſe therof, chauncing betwixt two ſo mighty princes, although it came not to the effect of triall. And now to returne vnto that which followed farther vpon the defiance, denoūced to the emperor by the two Kings of armes, Emperour & C[...] renceaux, ye ſhal [...]erſtand that the lords and nobilitie, [...]528
The Emperour defied by the kinges of Englande and France. to the nūber of vij.C. in whoſe profence [...] was giuen, toke it ſo offenſiuely, y^e drawing foorth their ſwords, they [...] y^t the ſame ſhuld be reuenged, for otherwiſe they protected, that the infamie wold redoune to them & that heires for euer. Herewith the warre was proclaimed through al Spayn w^t baners diſplayed to which wer painted a red ſword, with a [...] ning ra[...]ſſer againſt y^e Frenche K. & his partakers, but not mentioning the K. of Englād by expreſſe name, but it was recited in the proclamation y^t the king of England had me[...] [...] defyed y^e Emperor in the French kings quarel. Then were y^e engliſh merchants in Spayn a[...] [...]acded,Englishe marchants ſtaied in Spayne. & their goods put in ſafetie, til it might or known how the Emperors ſubiects wer ordred in Englande. Then likewiſe were all the ſhips of the Emperors ſubiects here arreſted: & in ſembiable maner all the Engliſhmen & theſe goods & ſhips were areſted by the Lady it gent in [...] low countreys. The common people in England much lamented that warre ſhuld ariſe betwene the emperor & the K. of England ſpecially bicauſe the Emperors dominions had holpen and [...]elieued them w^t grain in tyme of their neceſſitie & want. But chiefly this matter touched the merchants, which haunted the emperors dominions. At length yet were thoſe of the low countreys ſet at libertie, & their goodes to thē deliuered, in fauor of entercourſe of merchandiſe: but foraſmuch as y^e Spanyards were ſtil deteined, the lady Regent alſo deteyned the ſhips & goods of the engliſh merchants though the ſet their perſons at libertie. By this means the trade of merchandiſe was in maner forle[...] here in England,The incommoditie ryſing of lacke of entercourſe for trafficke. & namely the clothēs ſaye on their handes, wherby the cōmon welth ſuffered great decay, and great numbers of Spinners, carders, ruckers, and ſuche other that liued by clothworking, remained ydle to their great impoueriſhment. And as this warre was diſpleaſant to the Engliſhmen, ſo was it as muche or more diſpleaſant to the townes & people of the low cuntreis, & in eſpecial to y^e towns of Andwerpe and Barrow, where the marts at kept, ſo that at length ther came Ambaſſadors from the Lady Regent, the which aſſociating themſelfe with Don Hugo de Mendoſa ambaſſador for the Emperor, came to the king to Richmōt the .29. of March, and there moued their ſuite ſo effectually, that an abſtinence of warre was graunted, til time that a further cōmunication might be had: and vpon this point letters wer ſent into Spayn, Fraunce, and Flanders, and ſo this matter cōtinued til anſwers wer brought from thence again. The emperors ambaſſadors entreated not ſo earneſtly to moue the King to haue peace with their maiſter, but the Frenche ambaſſadors ſoll[...] the K. as earneſtly to enter into the warre againſt him, and ſurely they had the Cardinal on their ſide but yet the king wiſely conſidering with order of his counſell what damage ſhoulde enter therby to [...] ſubiects, & ſpecially to the merchaunt and the [...]s, wold not conſent ſo eaſily to the purpoſe of the Frenchmē, though he had .xx.M. pound ſterling out of Frāce, of yerely y^e [...], to co[...]unt[...] frende & allye to the French K. but he proteſted [...] that he wold ſee the realme of France defended to his power, & ſtudy no [...] to haue a peace concluded, whiche might[...] a[...] honorable to the French king as to himſelfe.

The .xxij. of Februarye the king [...] at Windſore ſir Piers Butler of Ireland erle of Oſſerey.1519
Creation of the Earle of Oſſerie. Alſo a Dutche Crayre of Armew chaſed a French Crayre vp the Thames from Matgate to the Toure wharf,Sir Edmunde VValſingham. & ther as they fought ſir Edmund Walſinghā lieutenant of y^e coure perceiuing them, called his men togither, & entring the ſhips toke both the captains. The kinges counſell toke vp the maner betwixt them,An. reg. 2[...]. far the Flemyng chalenged the Frencheman as a lawfull priſe. An abſtinence of the warre was takē in y^e beginning of this yere betwixte Flanders, & the countryes of Picardie on this ſide the riuer of Some, to begin y^e firſt of May, to endure til the laſt of February. By meanes of this truce all Engliſhemen might lawfully paſſe into the low coūtreys, but not into Spain whiche ſore greued the merchants that haunted thoſe parties. It was further agreed, that if no generall peace could be had during the time of this truce, then all merchants ſhould haue reſpite .ij. moneths after to paſſe into their owne countreis w^t their wares & merchādiſes in ſafetie.The tvve[...] ticke[...] In the end of May began in y^e citie of Lō don y^e diſeaſe called y^e ſweating ſicknes, which afterwards infected al places of the realm, and ſlew many w^tin .v. or .vi. hours after they ſickned. By reaſon of this ſickneſſe, the term was adiorned, & the circuit of the aſſiſes alſo. There died diuers in the court of this ſickeneſſe, as ſir Francis Pointz, which had bin ambaſſador in Spayn, & diuers other. The K. for a ſpace remoued almoſt euery day till he came to Tyntynhangar, a place of the Abbot of S. Albous, and there he with the Quene, & a ſmall companie about them, remained til the ſickneſſe was paſſe. In this great mortalitie died ſir Williā Comptō knight, & Williā Cary eſquier,Sir VVilliam Compton. which were of the kings priuie chāber. Ye haue heard how the people talked a little before the Cardinals goyng ouer into Fraunce the laſte yeare,Doctor Longlande Bishopp of Lincolne. that the king was tolde by Doctor Longland Biſhop of Lincolne & other, that his marriage with Queene Katherine coulde not bee good nor lawfull: the trouth is, that wheather, this doubt was firſt moued by the Cardinall, or by the ſayd Longland, being the kings confeſſor the king was not only brought in doubt, whether it was a lawfull marriage or no, but alſo determined to haue the caſe examined, clered, & adiudged by lerning,VV[...]y the Cardinal vvas ſuſ [...]ed to be a [...] the mar [...]. lawe, and ſufficient authoritie. The Cardinall veryly was put moſte in blame for this ſcruple now caſt into y^e kings conſcience, for the hate he bare to the Emperor, bycauſe he would not graunt to him the Archbyſhoprike of Toledo, for the whiche hee was a ſuiter, and therefore he did not onely procur[...] the Kyng of Englande to ioygne in friendſhippe with the Frenche king, but alſo ſoughte a diuorſe betwixte the Kyng and the Queene, that the king mighte haue had in mariage the Ducheſſe of Alanſon, ſiſter to the French king, and as ſome haue thought, [...]lider. he trauailed in that matter with the Frenche king at Amiens, but the Ducheſſe wold not giue care therto.

[...]d.But howe ſoeuer it came about, that y^e king was thus troubled in conſcience concernyng his mariage, this folowed, that like a wiſe prudent Prince, to haue the doubt clearely remoued, he called together the beſte learned of the realme, which were of ſeueral opinions, wherfore he thought to know the trouth by indifferent iudges, leaſt peraduenture the Spanyardes, and other alſo in fauor of the Quene, wold ſay, that his owne ſubiects were not indifferent Iudges in this behalfe, and therefore he wrote his cauſe to Rome: and alſo ſente to all the Vniuerſities of Italy and France, and to the greate Clerkes of all Chriſtendome, to knowe their opinions, and deſired the Court of Rome to ſende into his realme a Legate, which ſhuld bee indifferente, and of a greate and profounde iudgement to heare the cauſe debated.

At whoſe requeſte, the whole Conſiſtorie of the College of Rome, ſente thither Laurence Camprius,Cardynall Camprius ſente [...] Englande. a prieſt Cardinall, a man of great wit and experience, whiche was ſent hither before in the tenth yeare of this King, as ye haue heard, and with him was ioyned in cōmiſſion the Cardinall of York, and legate of England.

This Cardinall came to London in October, & did intimate bothe to the king & Queene the cauſe of his cōming, which being knowne, great talke was had therof.The matter [...]chyng the Kings marriage [...]bated. The Archbiſhop of Canterbury ſent for y^e famous doctors of both the vniuerſities to Lambeth, and there were euery daye diſputations and commonings of this matter: and bicauſe the king ment nothing but vprightly therein, and knewe well that the Queene was ſomewhat wedded to hir owne opinion, and wiſhed that ſhe ſhoulde doe nothyng without counſell, he had hir chooſe the beſte clearkes of his realme to be of hir counſell, and licenced them to do the beſt on hir part that they coulde, according to the truth.

Then ſhe elected William Warham Archbiſhop of Canterbury,The Quene choſeth lavv: [...] for hir part and Nicholas Weaſt Biſhop of Ely, doctors of the laws, and Iohn Fiſher Biſhop of Rocheſter, and Henry Standiſhe biſhop of Saint Aſſaph, doctors of Diuinitie, and many other doctors and well ſerned men, which for a ſuretie lyke men of great learnyng, defended hir cauſe as farre as learnyng might maynteyne and hold it vp.

This yere was ſir Iames Spencer Maior of London,Polidor. in whoſe time the watche in London on Midſomer night was layd downe.

Aboute this time the king receiued into fauor Doctor Stephen Gardiner,Doctor Stephen Gardner.
1530 whoſe ſeruice he vſed in matters of great ſ[...]crecie & weighte, admitting him in the roomth of Doctor Paco,Doctor Paco. the which being continually abrode in ambaſſades, and the ſame oftentymes not muche neceſſarie, by the Cardinalles appointements, at length he toke ſuch greefe therwith, that he fell out of his right wittes.

The place where the Cardinals ſhould ſit to heare the cauſe of Matrimonie betwixt the king and the Quene,An. reg. 2[...]. Hall. was ordeined to be at the blacke Friers in London, where in the greate Hall was preparation made of ſeates, tables, & other furniture, accordyng to ſuche a ſolemne Seſſion and apparāce.The King and Quene aſcited. The king & the Queene were aſcited by Doctor Sampſon to appeare before the Argates at the forenamed place, the xxviij. of May being the morrow after y^e feaſt of Corpus Chriſti.

The King at the day aſſigned,Polidore. came fyrſt to the court, and there ſtanding vnder his cloath of eſtate, had theſe wordes to the Legates.

Ye reuerend fathers,The Kinges vvordes to the legates. I haue in marriage a wyfe to me moſt deare & entierly beloued, both for hir ſingular vertues of mynde, and alſo for hir nobilitie of birth: but ſith I am the king of a mightie kingdome, I muſte prouide that it may be lawfull for me to lyue with hir duely, lawfully, iuſtly, and godly, and to haue childrē by hir, vnto the whiche the inheritance of the kingdome may by righte moſte iuſtly deſcende, which two things ſhall followe, if you by iuſte iudgement approue our mariage lawful. But if there be any doubte in it, I ſhall deſyre you by your authoritie to declare the ſame, or ſo to take it awaye, that in this thing, both my conſcience & the mynds of the people may be quieted for euer. After this, cōmeth in the Quene, the which there in preſence of the whole courte moſte greuouſly accuſeth the Cardinall of vntrouth, deceyt, wickedneſſe, and malice,The Queene accuſeth Cardinall VVolſy which had ſowen diſſention betwixt hir and the king hir huſband, and therfore openly proteſted, that ſhe did vtterly abhorre, refuſe, and forſake ſuche a iudge, as was not onely a moſt malicious enimie to hir, but alſo a manifeſt aduerſarie to all right and Iuſtice,She appealeth to the Pope. and therwith did ſhe appeale vnto the Pope, committyng hir whole cauſe to bee iudged of him: and thus for that day the matter reſted.

But notwithſtanding this appeale, the Legates ſate weekely, and euery day were argumentes brought in on bothe partes, and proues alledged for the vnderſtanding of the caſe, and ſtill they aſſayed if they coulde by any meanes procure the Queene to call backe hir Appeale, whiche ſhe vtterly refuſed to doe.

The king myſtruſteth the legates of ſeking delayes.The King woulde gladly haue had an ende in the matter, but when the Legates droue tyme, and determined vpon no certaine point, be conceyued a ſuſpition, that this was done of purpoſe, that their doings might draw to none effect or concluſion.

Whyleſt theſe thinges were thus in hande, the Cardinall of Yorke was aduiſed that the King had ſet his affection vpon a yong Gentlewoman named Anne, the daughter of Syr Thomas Bulleyn, vicount Rochfort, whiche did wayt vpon the Queene.

This was a great grief vnto the Cardinal, as he that perceyued aforehande, that the king woulde marie the ſayd Gentlewoman if the diuorce tooke place, wherefore he began wyth all diligence to diſappoynt that matche, which by reaſon of the myſlyking that he had to the woman, he iudged ought to be ad[...]eyded more than preſent death.

Whyleſt the matter ſtoode in this ſtate, and that the cauſe of the Queene was to be hearde and iudged at Rome,The ſecrete vvorking and diſsimulation of Cardinal VVoſley. by reaſon of the appeale which by hir was put in: the Cardinall required the Pope by letters and ſecrete meſſengers that in any wiſe he ſhuld deferre the iudgemēt of the diuorce, till hee might frame the Kinges minde to his purpoſe: but he went aboute nothing ſo ſecretly,The king conceyuet a diſpleaſure againſt the Cardinall. but that the ſame came to the kings knowledge, who toke ſo highe diſpleaſure with ſuche his cloaked diſſimulation, that he determined to abaſe his degree, ſith as an vnthankfull perſon, he forgotte himſelfe and his dutie towardes him, that had ſo highly aduanced him to all honor and dignitie.

Hall.When the nobles of the realme perceyued the Cardinall to bee in diſpleaſure, they began to accuſe him of ſuche offences, as they knewe myght be proued againſt him,Articles exhibited againſte the Cardinall. and therof they made a booke conteyning certayne articles, to whyche diuers of the kings counſell ſet their handes.

The king vnderſtanding more playnly by thoſe articles, the great pride, preſumption and couetouſneſſe of the Cardinall [...] [...] ued againſt him, but yet kepte his purpoſe ſecrete for a whyle, and firſt permitted Cardinal Campeius to departe backe agayne to Rome, not vnrewarded.

Shortly after, a Parliament was called to beginne at Weſtminſter the third of Nouember next enſuyng.

In the meane tyme the King being infourmed, that all thoſe thyngs that the Cardinall had done by his power Legantine within th[...] realme were in the caſe of the Pr[...]ite and prouiſion, cauſed his atturney Chriſtofer Hales,The Cardinall fued in a Pre [...]nire. to ſue out a [...]te of Premu[...]re againſte hym, in the whiche he licenced him to make his attourney.

And further the .xvij. of Nouēber the King ſent the two Dukes of Norfolke and Suffolke to the Cardinalles place at Weſtminſter,The great ſeale taken from the Cardinall. to fetche away the greate Seale of Englande, Sir William Fitz William knighte of the Garter and Treaſorer of his houſe, and doctor Stephen Gardiner newely made Secretarie, were alſo ſent to ſee that no goodes ſhoulde be conueyed out of his houſe. The Cardinall him ſelfe was appointed to remoue vnto Aſhere, beſyde Kingſton, there to tary the kings pleaſure, and had things neceſſarie deliuered vnto hym for his vſe.

After this, in the Kings benche his matter for the Premunice, beyng called vpon,Iohn Sents, K. Edm[...]nd [...]e[...] two atturneys whiche he had authoriſed by hys warrant ſigned with his owne hande,The Cardinall condemned in 2 Premunire. confeſſed the action, and ſo had iudgement to forfeit all hys landes, tenementes, goodes, and cattelles, and to be out of the Kings protection: but the king of hys clemencie ſente to hym a ſufficient protection, and lefte to hym the Byſhoprickes of Yorke and Wincheſter, wyth place and ſtuffe conuenient for his degree.

The Biſhoppricke of Dureſme was gyuen to Doctor Tunſtall Biſhoppe of London, and the Abbey of Sainct Albons to the Priour of Norwiche. Alſo the Biſhopricke of London being nowe voyde, was beſtowed on Doctor S[...]okeſley, then Ambaſſadoure to the Vniuerſities beyonde the Sea for the Kyngs marryage.

The Ladye Margaret ducheſſe of Sauoye aunte to the Emperour, and the Ladye Loyſe Ducheſſe of Angoleſme, mother to the French Kyng, mette at Cambreye in the beginnyng of the Moneth of Iune, to treate of a peace, where were preſente Doctour Tunſtall Biſhoppe of London, and Sir Thomas Moore then Chancellour of the Duchie of Lancaſter, cōmiſſioners for the K. of Englād. At length through diligence of the ſayde Ladies a peace was cōcluded betwixt the Emperour, the Pope, the Kings of Englande and France. This was called y^e womans peace, & proclaimed by Heralts with ſound of trumpets, in y^e City of London, to y^e great reioycing of the Merchauntes, who during the warres, had ſuſteyned much hinderance.

The frenche King was bound by one article among other, to acquite the Emperour of foureſcore and ten thouſand crownes, which he ought to the King of England.

The four and twentith of Nouember, was Sir Thomas More made Lorde Chancellor, and the nexte day led into the Chancerie by the Dukes of Norffolke & Suffolke, & ther ſworne.

The Parliament begin [...].At the day appointed, the Parliament began, and Tho. Audeley Eſquier attorney of the Duchie of Lancaſter, was choſen ſpeaker for the cō mons of the lower houſe.

In this Parliament, the commons of the nether houſe beganne to common of their greefes, wherwith the ſpiritualtie had ſore oppreſſed thē, and namely ſixe great cauſes wer ſhewed, wherin the Cleargie greatly abuſed the temporaltie. The firſt in the exceſſiue fines,The commōs of the lower [...] compayne againſt the Cleargie. whiche the ordinaries tooke for probate of Teſtamentes. The ſecond in the extreame exactions vſed for takyng of corps preſentes, or mortuaries. The thyrde, that Prieſts, contrary to their order, vſed the occupying of Fermes, graunges, and paſtures, for graſing of Catell. &c. The fourth, that Abbots, Priors, and other of the Cle[...]gie, kepte tanne houſes, and bought and ſolde wolle, cloth, and other merchandiſes, as other common merchants of the temporaltie did. The fifth cauſe was, the lacke of reſidence, whereby both the poore wanted neceſſary refreſhing for ſuſtenance of their bodyes, and all the pariſhoners, true inſtructions, needefull to the health of their ſoules. The ſixth was the pluralitie of benefices, and the inſufficiencie of the incumbents, where diuers well learned ſchollers in the Vniuerſities, had neyther benefice nor exhibition. Herewith were three hilles deuiſed for a reformation to be had in ſuch caſes of great enormities, as firſte one bill for the probate of teſtaments, alſo an other for mortuaries, and the third for none reſidence, pluralities, and taking of Fermes by ſpirituall men.

There was ſore hold about theſe billes, before they might paſſe the vpper houſe,The Biſhops [...]cte hard a [...]c[...]ſte the [...]es. for y^e Biſhops replyed ſore againſte them, yet after the ſame were qualified after an indifferent and reaſonable ſorte, they paſſed and were eſtabliſhed for actes.

Alſo there was a bill agreed vnto, touchyng the releaſſe of all the ſummes of money whyche the King hadde receyued by way of loue, in the fiftenth yeare of his raigne, as before yee haue hearde.

There was alſo a Booke ſente downe to the commons,Articles exhibited againſte the Cardinall. conteyning articles which the Lords had put to the King againſt the Cardinall, whiche Booke was redde in the common houſe, and was ſigned by the Cardinals owne hande.

Alſo there was a writing ſhewed, which was ſealed with his ſeale, by the which he gaue to the King all his mouables and vnmouables.

On the daye of the conception of our Lady, the King lying at Yorke place at Weſtminſter,Creations. in the Parliamente time, created the Vicounte Rochfort, Earle of Wilſhire, and the Vicounte Fitz Water, Earle of Suffex, and the Lord Haſtings Earle of Huntington.

The ſeuententh of December, the King gaue his royall aſſent to all things done by the Lords and commōs, and ſo proroged his court of Parliament, till the next yeare.

The K. whiche all this while ſith the doubte was moued touching his marriage, abſteyned frō the Queenes bedde, was nowe aduertiſed by his Ambaſſadors, which he hadde ſent to dyuers Vniuerſities, for the abſoluing of his doubt, that the ſayde Vniuerſities were agreed, and cleerely concluded, that the one brother mighte not by Gods lawe marrie the other brothers wiſe, earnally knowen by the firſt mariage, and that neither the Pope nor y^e court of Rome, could many wiſe diſpenſe with the ſame. For ye muſt vnderſtand, that amōgſt other things, alledged for diſprofe of the mariage to be lawfull, euidence was giuen of certaine wordes, whiche Prince Arthur ſpake the morrowe after he was firſt married to the Queene, whereby it was gathered, that hee knew hir carnally y^e night the pa[...]ed. The wordes were theſe, as we finde them y^e Chronicle of maſter Edward Hall. In the morning after, he was riſen from the bedde, in which he had ſayde with his all night, he called for drinke, whych hee before time was not accuſtomed to doe. At whiche thing, one of his Chamberlaynes maruelling, required the cauſe of his brought. To whome hee aunſwered merily, ſaying, I haue this nighte bene in the middeſt of Spayne, whiche is a hote region, and that iourney maketh me ſo drie, and if thou haddeſt bene vnder that hote climate, thou wouldeſt haue bin drier than I.

Agayne, it was alledged, that after the deathe of Prince Arthur, the King was deferred from the title and creatiō of Prince of Wales, almoſt halfe a yeare, whiche thing could not haue bene doubted, if ſhe had not bin carnally knowen.

Alſo, ſhe hir ſelfe cauſed a Bull to be purchaſed, in the which were theſe words vel forſan coguitam, that is, and peraduenture carnally knowen, whiche wordes were not in the firſt Bull graunted by Pope Iuly at hir ſeconde in [...] to the King, which ſecond Bull with that [...]auſe was only purchaſed to diſpenſe with the ſeconde matrimony, although there were carnall copulation before, which Bull needed not to haue bin purchaſed, if there had bin no carnall copulation, for then the firſt Bull had bin ſufficient.

To conclude, when theſe and other matters were layd forth to proue that which ſhe denyed, the carnall copulation betwixte hir and Prince Arthur, hir Counſellers left that matter, and fell to perſwaſions of naturall reaſon, and laſtly, when nothing elſe would ſerue, they ſtoode ſtiffe in the appeale to the Pope, and in the diſpenſation purchaſed from the Court of Rome, ſo that the matter was thus ſhifted off, and no end likely to be had therein. The King therefore vnderſtanding now that the Emperour and the Pope were appointed to meete at the Citie of Bonony alias Bologna, where the Emperour ſhoulde be crowned,Ambaſſadors ſent to Italy. ſente thither in Ambaſſade from hym the Earle of Wilſhire, Doctor Stokeſtey, elected Byſhop of London, and his Almoner, Doctor Edward Lee, to declare both vnto the Pope and Emperour, the law of God, the determinations of Vniuerſities in the caſe of his mariage, and to require the Pope to do iuſtice accordyng to trueth, and alſo to ſhewe to the Emperoure, that the King did moue this matter, onely for diſcharge of his conſcience, and not for anye other reſpect of pleaſure, or diſpleaſure earthelye.

Theſe Ambaſſadors comming to Bonony, were honorably receyued, and firſt doyng theyr meſſage to the Pope, had aunſwere of him, that he would heare the matter diſputed whē he came to Rome, and according to right he woulde do iuſtice.The Emperors aunſwere to the Ambaſsadors. The Emperour aunſwered that he in no wiſe woulde be againſte the lawes of God, and if the Court of Rome would iudge that the matrimony was not good, he could be content: but he ſolicited both the Pope and Cardinals, to ſtand by the diſpenſation, whiche he thought to be of force ynough to proue the mariage lawfull. With theſe aunſweres, the Ambaſſadors departed, and returned homewardes, till they came on this ſide the Mountaynes, and then receyued letters from the King, which appoynted the Earle of Wilſhire, to goe in ambaſſade to the French King, which then lay at Burdeaux, making ſhift for money for redeeming of hys children: and the Byſhop of London, was appoynted to goe to Padoa, and other Vniuerſities in Italy, to know their full reſolutions and determinate opinions in the Kings caſe of matrimony: and the Kinges Almoner was commaunded to returne home into England, and ſo he did.

In the Lente ſeaſon of this yeare,1530
The Cardina[...] licenſed to repaire into Yorkeſhire. the Kyng licenced the Cardinall to repaire into his dioceſe of Yorke, commanding him after his comming thither, not to returne Southward, without the Kings ſpeciall licence in writing.

Aboute the ſame time, Thomas Cromwell,Thomas Cromwell. that had ſerued the Cardinall, was admitted to the kings ſeruice.

The Cardinall comming to Southwell, which is within the dioces of Yorke, lay there all this yeare.

The lands which he had giuen to his colledges in Oxford and Ipſwich, were now come to the Kings hands by the Cardinals attainder in the premunire,The kings colledge in Oxford, other wiſe called Chriſt Church and yet the King in fauoure of learning, erected againe the Colledge in Oxforde, and where it had bin called the Cardinals Colledge, he cauſed it to be called the Kings colledge, and endowed it with faire poſſeſſions.

This yeare, the Iſle of Maite was aſſigned to the Lord, maiſter of Saint Iohns of Ieruſalem, and to his breethrē the knights hoſpitalers.

An. reg. 22. In the beginning of this yeare was the hauing and reading of the new Teſtament in Engliſhe tranſlated by Tyndall, Ioy, and others, forbidden by the King,The new Te [...]tament Tran [...]ated into Engliſhe. with the aduice of hys counſell, and namely the Byſhoppes, which affirmed, that the ſame was not truely tranſlated, and that therein were prolognes and prefaces, ſounding to hereſie, with vncharitable ray[...]ing againſt Biſhops and the Cleargie.

The King therefore commaunded the Byſhops, that they calling to them the b[...]ſt learned men of the Vniuerſities ſhould cauſe a new trā ſlation to be made, that the people without danger might reade the ſame for their better inſtruction in the lawes of God, and his holy worde, Diuers perſons that were detected to vſe reading of the new Teſtament and other Bookes in Engliſh, ſet forth by Tindale, and ſuch other as wer fled the Realme, were puniſhed by order taken againſt them by Sir Thomas More, then Lord Chancellor, who helde greatly agaynſte ſuche Bookes, but ſtill the number of them dayly encreaſed.

[...]roclama [...] The ninetenth of September, in the Citie of London, a Proclamation was made, that no perſon, of what eſtate or degree ſo euer hee was, ſhould purchaſe or attempt to purchaſe, from the court of Rome, or elſe where, nor vſe and put in execution, diuulgue or publiſh any thing within that yeare paſſed, purchaſed, or to bee purchaſed heereafter, conteyning matter preiudiciall to the high authoritie, iuriſdictiō, and prerogatiue royall of this Realme, or to the hinderance and impeachmente of the King his maieſties noble and vertuous intended purpoſes.

Some iudged, that this Proclamation was made, bycauſe the Queene (as was ſayde) hadde purchaſed a new Bul for ratification of hir mariage, other thought, that it was made, bycauſe the Cardinall had purchaſed a Bull to curſe the King, if he would not reſtore him to his old dignities, and ſuffer hym to correct the ſpiritualtie, the King not to meddle with the ſame.

In deede many coniectured, that the Cardinall grudging at his fall from ſo high dignities, ſticked not to write things ſounding to y^e kings reproche, both to the Pope, and other princes, for that many opprobrious wordes were ſpoken to Doctor Edwarde Keerne the kings Orator at Rome, and that it was ſaide to hym, that for the Cardinals ſake, the King ſhoulde haue y^e worſe ſpeede in the ſute of his matrimony.

But the King diſſembled the matter all thys yeare, till that the Cardinall made his preparation to be inſtalled at Yorke, after ſuch a pompous manner, as the lyke hadde not bin ſeene in that Countrey, whereby hee did but procure to himſelfe new [...]y, whoſe late fall, mercy began to relieue, and had ſet him againe in good ſtate, if hee could haue ruled hys lofte pride, but hee to ſhewe hymſelfe what hee was, wanting nowe ſuch [...]che and pretious ornamentes and furniture, as might aduance hys honor, and [...]tte him oute in ſo ſolemne a doyng, was not abaſhed to ſende to the Kyng, requiring him to [...]nd hym the Mytre and Pale whiche hee was wonte to weare, when he ſang Maſſe in any ſolemne aſſembly.

The King vpon ſight of hys ſette[...] coulde not but maruel at the proude preſumptuouſneſſe of the man, ſaying, what a thing is this,The Kings words of the Cardinall. that Pride ſhoulde thus reigne in a perſon that is quite vnderfoote. But euen as there was greate preparation made in that Countrey of them that were required of hym to attende hym to Yorke at the daye appoynted of that ſolemne feaſt and intronization, the King not able to bears with his high preſumption anye longer,The Earle of Northumberland appoynted to apprehend the Cardinall. directed hys letters to the Earle of Northumberlande, commaundyng hym with all diligence, to arreſt the Cardinall, and to delyuer him vnto the Earle of Shreweſbury, high Steward of his houſe.

The Earle according to that commaundemente, c[...]e with a conuenient number vnto the manor of Cawood, where the Cardinall as then lay, and arreſted hym there in his owne chamber the fourth of Nouember, and from thence conueyd hym the ſixth of Nouember vnto Shefield Caſtell,The Cardinall deliuered to the Earle of Northumberlande.
Sir William Kingſton. and there delyuered hym vnto the Earle of Shreweſbury, who kept him, till Sir William Kingſton, Captayne of the gard, and Conneſtable of the Tower, came downe with a certayne companye of yeomen of the gard, to fetche hym to the Tower, who receyuing hym at the handes of the Earle of Shreweſbury, diſeaſed as hee was in his body, occaſioned through ſorrowe and griefe of mynde, brought hym forwarde with ſoft and eaſie iourneys, til hee came to the Abbey of Leiceſter the ſeauen and twentith of Nouember, where through verye feobleneſſe of nature, cauſed by a vehemente laſ[...]e, hee dyed the ſeconde nyghte after, and in the Churche of the ſame Abbey was buryed.

Suche is the ſuretie of mans brittle ſtate, vncertayne in birthe, and no leſſe feoble in lyfe.

Thys Cardinall, when hee beganne wyth the buſineſſe of the Kynges marriage, was in hygh degree of honor & worldly felicitie, and ſo that whyche hee hoped ſhoulde haue made for hys aduauncemente, thened to hys confuſion.

The deſcription of Cardinal Wolſey.This Cardinall, as Edmonde Campion in his hiſtorie of Ireland deſcribeth him, was a mā vndoubtedly borne to honor: I thinke (ſayth he) ſome Princes baſterd no Butchers ſonne, exceeding wiſe, faire ſpoken, high minded, full of reuenge, vicious of his body, loftie to his enimies, were they neuer ſo bigge, to thoſe that accepted and fought his friendſhip wonderfull courteous, a ripe ſcholeman, thrall to affections, brought a bedde with flatterie, inſactable to gette, and more princely in beſtowing, as appeareth by hys two Colledges at Ipſwich and Oxeford, the one ouerthrowen with his fall, the other vnfiniſhed, and yet as it lyeth for an houſe of Studences, conſidering all the appurtenances incomparable through Chriſtendome, wherof Henry the eigth is now called founder, bycauſe he let it ſtand. He helde and enioyed at once the Biſhoprickes of Yorke, Dureſme, and Wincheſter, the dignities of Lord Cardinal, Legate, and Chancellor, the Abbey of Saint Albous, diuers Priories, ſundry fatte benefices in commendum, a greate preferrer of his ſeruauntes, and aduauncer of learning, ſtout in euery quarrell, neuer happy till this hys ouerthrow. Therein he ſhewed ſuch moderatiō, and ended ſo perfectly, that the houre of his death did him more honour, than all the pomp of hys life paſſed.The Cleargie in daunger of a premunire. Thus farre Campiō. After his death, the whole Cleargie of England was in danger to haue bin atteinted in the ſtatute of premunire for that they had mainteyned his power legantine.

The ſpirituall Lordes were called by proceſſe into the Kings bench to aunſwere, but before their day of appearance, they in their conuocation concluded an humble ſubmiſſion in writing,The offer of the Cleargie to the Kyng. and offered an hundred thouſand poūds to be graunted by acte of Parliament to the K. to ſtand their good Lord, and to pardon them of all offences, touching the premunire, the whiche offer with much labour was accepted.

The King nominated ſupreme head of the Church.
1531In this ſubmiſſion, the Cleargie called the King ſupreme head of the Church of England, which thing they neuer before confeſſed.

When the Parliament was begun the ſixth of Ianuary, the pardon of the Spirituall perſons was ſigned with the Kings hand, and ſent to the Lords, which in time conuenient aſſented to the bill.

Then went it downe to the commons, where it coulde not paſſe, bycauſe diuers froward perſons woulde needes that the King ſhoulde alſo pardon the laytie, as well as the ſpiritualtie, ſaying, that all men which had delt with the Cardinall, were in the ſame danger.

This their ſtay and bold demand, was thought more than reaſon would beare, for that they dyd not only ſeeme to enuy other mens wealthe, but alſo to reſtreine the King of his libertie, and to enforce him to ſhew mercie at their appoyn[...] ment.

They ſeemed yet at length to be ſorowfull, in that they hadde [...]e ſo vnaduſſedly, and then the King ſente them their pardon alſo, for the which they humbly thanked him.

The thirtith day of March, the Lord Chancellor, and diuers other Lords, both of the ſpiritualtie and temporaltie, came into the common houſe, and there the Lorde Chancellor declared what the King had done, touching the doubt of his marriage, to knowe the opinions of dyuers Vniuerſities in the [...]dome, and of great learned man beſide.

And there were ſhewed and redde the determinations of the ſame Vniuerſities,Determi[...] ons of di[...] Vn[...]es faires touching th[...] vnl[...] of the kings marriage. which they has publiſhed, written and ſealed, for ſufficient proofe of the ſame, concluding by their ſaide determinations, that the kings mariage could not be lawfull: and therewith were ſhewed aboue [...]n hundred Bookes drawen by Doctors of force[...]e regions, whiche agreed vppon the inualiditie of the ſame mariage, but were not redde, for that the day was ſpent.

Theſe were the Vniuerſities, which had ſh[...] determined of the vnlawfulneſſe of this mariage, Orleans, Paris, Aniou, Bourges in Berry, Bononie, Padua, and Tholouſe.

When Eaſter beganne to drawe neere, the Parliamēt for that time brake vp, and was proroged till the laſt of Marche in the nexte yeare.

The Kyng wylling to gyue the Queene to vnderſtande,An reg. 2[...] what the vniuerſities and learned men of foreyn parties had determined of the mariage betwixte them two, ſente vnto hir dyuers Lordes of the counſell, the laſt of May being the Wedneſdaye in Whitſon weeke, the whiche Lordes in hir Chamber at Greenewiche, declared to hir all the determinations aforeſaide, and aſked hir whether ſhe woulde for the quietneſſe of the Kyngs conſcience, put the matter to foure Prelates, and foure temporall Lordes of thys Realme, or abyde by hir appeale.

The Queene alledged many arguments of preſumption, that the marriage ſhould bee lawfull, as the wiſedome and circumſpection of both their fathers, the licence of Pope Iuly graunted at the ſuite of hir father at the time of the ſame mariage: and to be briefe, ſhe affirmed, that ſhee was his lawfull wife, as ſhe verily beleeued, and would therefore abide in that poynt, til y^e Court of Rome (whiche was priuie to the beginning) had made a finall end therein.

For ſo muche as Merchant ſtrangers bringing their wares into the Realme, did receyue ready money for them, and euer deliuered the ſame money to other merchants by exchange, not e[...]ploying it vppon the commodities of the Realme, [...]amatiō [...]rch[...] [...]ers. a Proclamation was ſet for the made, that no perſon ſhould make any exchange, contrary to the meaning of a ſtatute ordeyned in the time of King Richarde the ſecond, by reaſon whereof, clo[...]hes and other commodities of thy[...] Realme ſhortly after were wi[...] ſo[...], till they fell to exchange, agayne, and that this Proclamation was forgotten.

After Whi[...]ſontide, the King and y^e Queene remoued to Windefore, and there continu[...] tyll the fourtenth of Iuly, on the whiche day, the K. remoued to Wodſtocke, and left the Queene [...] Windeſore, where ſhe remayned awhile, and after remoued to the Mor[...], and from thence to Eſta[...]e, whither the King foure to hir dyuers Lordes, [...] Queene [...]h ſtiffe [...] opinion [...]ning [...]ouer [...] o[...] his [...]iage. [...] aduiſe hir to bee conformable to the laide of God, ſhewing diuers reaſons to perſwade hir to their purpoſe, but ſhee ſtoode ſ[...]ly in hir firſte opinion, that ſhee was his true and lawfull wife, and from the ſame woulde not by any meanes be remoued.

The Prieſtes of London beeing called afore the Byſhoppe that would haue hadde them contributaries to the payment of the hundred thouſande pounde graunted to the Kyng for his pardon of the premunire, kept ſuche a ſtirre in breaking into the Chapiter houſe (where the Byſhop ſate) all at once, and ſtriking and buffering the Byſhoppes ſeruauntes whiche gaue them euill language, that the Byſhoppe was fayne to gyue them his bleſſing, and ſuffer them to depart in quiet for that time. But after, vpō complainte made to the Lorde Chancellor, diuers of them and of their partakers were areſted, and committed to priſon, to the number of fifteene Prieſtes, and fiue lay men, ſome to the Tower, and ſome to the Fleete, and to other places, where they remayned long after.

[...] Thomas Bilney, Bacheler of law, was brēt at Norwicke the ninetenth of Auguſt, and the fourth of December, Sir Rees Griffin was beheaded at the Tower hill, and his man named Iohn Hewes, was drawen to Tiborne, and there hanged and quartered.

The fiue and twentith of May, betweene London and Grenewich, were taken two greate fiſhes called Horſe pooles, male and female.

In this ſeaſon, there was in the Realm much preaching, one learned man holding agaynſt an other, namely in the matter of the Kyngs mariage.

1532After Chriſtmas, the Parliament began to ſitte agayne, in the which, the commons founde themſelues ſore greeued with the crueltie of ordinaries, [...]eltie of [...]aries. that called menne afore them Ex officio.

At length, a Booke was drawen of all the griefes of the commons, for the cruell demeanour of the Cleargie, and the ſame deliuered to the King by the ſpeaker, humbly beſieching [...] in name of all the commons, to take ſuch [...]tertion therein, as to his high wiſedome myghte ſeeme moſt expedient.

The King and f[...]d, that he woulde take aduice, and he[...] the partie accuſed ſpeake.

He was not ſo ready to gratifie the commons in their requeſts as ſome thought that he would haue him, it they had not [...]icked and refuſed to paſſe a ſ[...]te, whiche hee had ſent to them touching wordes and primer ſeaſons.

After this was the Parliament proroged tyll the tenth of Aprill.The Parliament proroged. Annates forbidden to bee paide.

In this Parliament was [...] acte made, that Byſhops ſhoulde pay no more [...]ates or money for their Bu[...]les to the Pope, for it was proued that there had bin pa[...] for Bulles of Byſhoppes, ſith the fourth yeare of Henry the ſeauenth, 160. thouſand pound ſterling, beſide other diſpenſations and pardons.

When the Parliamente was begun agayne after Eaſter, there was [...] motion made to helpe, the King with money towarde his charges about the edifying of houſes, piles, and other fortifications, vpon y^e bordures fore a[...]ynſt Scotlande, both for better habitation to be had there, and alſo for the reſtreint of the Scottes that vſed to make inuaſions.A fifteenthe graunted. There was therefore a fiftenth graunted, but not enacted at this ſeſſion, bycauſe that ſuddenly begā a peſtilēce in Weſtminſter, wherefore the Parliament was proroged as ye ſhall heare in the next yeare.A rolle demaunded in the lowe countrey. In thys yeare, was an old tolle demaunded in Flanders of Engliſhmen called the toll of the hound, whiche is a riuer and a paſſage. The toll is twelue pence of a fardell. It had ben often demaunded, but neuer paid, in ſo much that K. Henry the ſeuenth for the demaund of that toll, prohibited all his ſubiects to keepe any marte at Andwerp or Barrow, till it was promiſed, that vpon theyr returne, the ſayd tolle ſhoulde neuer be demaunded.

The K. ſent doctor knight, and other to Calais, whither came the Emperoures commiſſioners, and there vpon talke, the matter was put in ſuſpenſion for a time. The K. hauing purchaſed of the Cardinall after his attendure in the premunire his houſe at Weſtminſter,Yorke place or white Hall nowe the Palaice of Weſtminſter. called Yorke place, and gote a confirmation of the Cardinals feoffement thereof made of the Chapitre of the Cathedrall Churche of Yorke, purchaſed thys yeare alſo all the medowes about Saint Iames,Saint Iames. and there made a faire manſion and a Parke for his greater commoditie and pleaſure, and bycauſe hee hadde a greate affection to the ſayde houſe at Weſtminſter, hee beſtowed greate coſt in going forwarde with the building thereof, and changed the name, ſo that it was after called the Kings Palaice of Weſtminſter.

An. reg. 24. The Parliament proroged.The fouretenth day of May, the Parliament was proroged till the fourth of February nexte comming. After which prorogation, Sir Thomas More, Chancellor of Englande, after long ſutes made to the King to hee diſcharged thys office,Sir Thomas More deliuereth vp the great ſeale. the ſixtenth of May he deliuered to the K. at Weſtminſter the greate Scale of Englande, and was with the Kinges fauour diſcharged, which Seale, the Kyng kepte till Monday in Whitſon weeke, on which day, he [...] Thomas Audeley,Sir Thomas Audley lorde keeper of the great Seale. ſpeaker of the Parliamēt, might, and made him Lord keeper of the greate Seale, alſo ſo he was called.

The King being enformed, that the Pope and the French King ſhould meete in the beginnyng of the next ſpring at Marſ[...]es, he thought good for diuers conſideratiōs, to ſpeake with y^e frenche K. in his owne perſon, before the Pope and hee came togither: whervpon it was concluded, that in October following, both the Princes ſhoulde meete betwixte Calais and Bulleigne. Wherefore, the King of England ſent out his letters to his nobles, Prelates, and ſeruauntes, commanding them to bee ready at Caunterbury the ſixe and twentith of September, to paſſe the Seas with him, for the accompliſhmente of the enteruiew betwixt him and the French Kyng.

The firſt of September beeing Sonday, the King being come to Windeſor,The Ladye Anne Bolleign created Marc[...]ioneſse of Penbrooke created the Lady Anne Bulleigne Marchioneſſe of Pembroke, and gaue to hir one thouſand pound land by the yeare, and that ſolemnitie finiſhed, he rode to the Colledge, where after that ſeruice was ended, a new league was concluded and ſworne betwene the King, and the french King. Meſſire Pomoray the french Ambaſſador then being preſente.

The tenth of October, the Kyng came to Douer,The kyng paſſeth ouer to Calais. and on the eleuenth day in the morning at three of the clocke, he tooke ſhipping at Douer Rode, and before tenne of the ſame day, he with the Lady Marchiones of Pembroke, landed at Calais, where he was receyued with all honour, and lodged at the Exchecker.

There came to hym whileſt hee lay in Calais, diuers Lords from the French Court, and amongſt other, the Lord great maſter of France, and the Archbiſhop of Roan, whiche were honorably of him receiued, and with them hee tooke a daye and place of meeting with the King theyr maiſter.

Wherevpon, the one and twentith of October, hee marched out of Calais, accompanyed with the Dukes of Norffolke and Suffolke, the Marqueſſes of Dorſet and Exeter, the Earles of Arundell, Oxforde, Surrey, Eſſex, Derby, [...],The co[...] uiewe betwyxt the kings of England and Fraunce. the K. of England went with the Frenche K. [...] man durſt take any money, for the french Kyng payd for all.

The fiue and twentith of October, whileſt y^e K. lay thus in Bulleigne, the Frenche King called a chapiter of the companions of his order called S. Michell, of whome the K. of Englande was one,The Dukes of Norffolke [...] Suffolke, elected into the order of S. Michaell. and ſo ther elected the Dukes of Norffolke and Suffolke, to be companions of y^e ſame order, and being broughte to the chapit[...], hadde their collers deliuered to them, and were, ſwor[...]e to the ſtatutes of the order, their obeyſance to their ſoueraigne Lord alwayes reſerued.

Thus the two kings lay in Bulleigne, Monday, Tewſday, Wedneſday, & Thurſeday, and on Friday the .25. of October, they departed out of Bulleigne to Calais. Without the Towne of Calais, about the diſtance of two miles, the D. of Richmond the Kinges baſe ſonne,The duke of Rychmonde with a great company of noble men, which had not bin at Bulleigne, met them, & ſaluting the frēch K. embraſed him in moſt honorable and courteous maner. Thus they paſſed forwarde, and came to Newnham bridge, and ſo to Calais, where was ſuche prouiſion made for the receiuing of them, as well for lodgings, place, and all ſuche other furniture of houſholde, as alſo [...] all ſortes of viands, wines, and other neceſſaries, that it ſeemed wonderful, in ſo much as the proportion aſſigned to the French Lords, oftentimes was ſo abundante, that they refuſed a greate parte thereof.

The French Kings trayne was twelue hundred horſes, or rather aboue. But there was lodging ynough in Calais, not onely for them, but alſo for manye other, ſo that there were aboue eight thouſand perſons lodged within the towne in that ſeaſon.

The french K. comming thither on y^e Friday, taried there till Tewſday the thirtith of October, and then departed the Kyng of Englande accompanying hym out of the Towne, till hee came to enter into the French ground, and there eyther tooke leaue of other, with right princely countenaunce, louing behauiour, and ſo hartie wordes, that all men reioyced that ſawe them.

Whileſt the two kings lay in Calais, the L. Annas de Montmorancie Earle of Beaumont, great maiſter of the french kings houſe, and Philip de Chabot Earle of Newblanke, greate Admirall of Fraunce, were admitted into the order of the Garter,The great [...]ſter, and Admirall of France made knights of the [...]. the K. calling a chapitre for that purpoſe of the knightes of that order, as the whiche, the Frenche King was preſente, and ware a blew mantel, bycauſe he was one of the ſame order.

While the King was in the French Kyngs dominion, hee hadde the vpper hand, and likewiſe had the French King in his dominion, and as the French King payd all the Engliſhmens charges at Bulleigne, ſo did the King of Englande at Calais.

There roſe aboute the ſame ſeaſon, ſuche ſore weather, ſtormes and rigorous windes, continuing for the more part at North and Northweſt, that the King ſtayed at Calais for a conuenient winde,The king re [...]eth into Englande. till Tewſday the thirtenth of Nouember at midnight, and then taking his Ship, landed at Douer the nexte daye aboute fiue of the clocke in the morning.

He marrieth the Lady Anne Bulleigne.And herewith, vpon his returne, hee married priuily the Lady Anne Bulleigne the ſame day, being the fouretenth of Nouember, and the feaſt day of Saint Erkenwald, which marriage was kept ſo ſecrete, that very few knewe it till Eaſter next enſuing, whē it was perceiued that ſhe was with childe.

When the King ſhould paſſe ouer the ſea, he conſidered that the Scottes woulde happely attempt ſomewhat, to the preiudice of his ſubiectes in his abſence, which ſticked not, he being within the Realme, to robbe both by ſea and land, wherfore to reſiſt their malice, he appointed ſir Arthur Darcy with three hundred mē, to goe vnto Berwike to defend the borders from inuaſions of the Scottes, the whiche ſhortly after by the middle marches entred the Realme, and came to a place called Fowbery, and fyering certaine villages in their way, returned.

The Earle of Angus as then was at Berwike as a baniſhed man, and the ſaide Sir Arthur determined to reuenge this diſpleaſure, and therevpon with four hundred men, made a roade into Scotland, and ſet a village on fire. Then immediately aſſembled togither eight hundred Scottes, and began to approch neere to the Engliſh menne, who perceyuing them, cauſed their Trumpette to blowe the retreat, and the Earle and twentie with him, ſhewed hym ſelfe on an hyll, euen in the face of the Scottes, and the Trumpette blewe at theyr backes, ſo that the Scottes thought that there hadde bin two companyes, whyche cauſed the Scottes to flee,Scots diſcomfited by the Engliſhemen. and the Engliſhmenne followed and ſlewe a greate number of them, and tooke many of them priſoners.

1533
Sir Thomas Audley Lord Chancellor.After Chriſtmas, Sir Thomas Audeley, Lord keeper of the greate ſeale, was made hygh Chancelloure of England.

And when the Parliamente began, bycauſe the office of the ſpeaker was voyde, Humfrey Wingfielde of Greis Inne, was choſen ſpeaker.

In this Parliamente was an acte made, that no perſon ſhoulde appeale for anye cauſe out of this Realme, to the Courte of Rome, but from the commiſſarie to the Byſhop, and from the Byſhoppe to the Archebyſhoppe, and from the Archbyſhoppe to the Kyng, and all cauſes of the King, to bee tryed in the vpper houſe of the conuocation.

It was alſo enacted the ſame tyme,Queene Katherine to be named Princeſſe Dowager. that Queene Katherine ſhoulde no more bee called Queene, but Princes Dowager, as the widow of Prince Arthur.

In the ſeaſon of the laſt Sommer, dyed William Warham, Archebyſhoppe of Caunterburie, and then was named to that ſea Thomas Cranmer the Kings Chaplayne, a man of good learning, and of a vertuous life, whiche lately before hadde bin Ambaſſador from the King to the Pope.

After that the King perceyued his newe wife to be with childe, he cauſed all officers neceſſary to be appointed to hir,Queene Anne. and ſo on Eaſter euen, ſhe went to hir cloſet openly as Queene, and then the King appoynted the day of hir coronation to be kept on Whitſonday nexte following, & writings were ſente to all Sheriffes, to certifie the names of men of fortie pound, to receiue the order of knighthood, or elſe to make fine. The aſſiſement of the fine was appointed to Thomas Cromwell, maiſter of the kings iewel houſe, and counſellor to the Kyng, and newly receiued into hygh fauour. He ſo vſed the matter, that a great ſumme of money was reyſed to the Kings vſe by thoſe fynes.

The matter of the Queenes appeale wherevnto ſhe ſtill ſticked, and by no meanes could be remoued from it, was communed of both in the Parliamente houſe, and alſo in the conuocation houſe, where it was ſo handled, that many were of opinion, that not only hir appeale, but alſo all other appeales made to Rome, were voyde, and of none effect, for that in auncient counſelles it had bin determined, that a cauſe riſing in one prouince, ſhould be determined in the ſame.

An. reg. 25. This matter was opened with all the circumſtance to the Lady Katherin Dowager (for ſo was ſhe then called) the which perſiſted ſtill in hir former opinion, and woulde reuoke by no meanes hir appeale to y^e Couet of Rome: wherevpon, the Archbyſhop of Caunterbury, accompanyed with the Byſhops of London, Wincheſter, Bathe, Lincolne, and diuers other learned men in great number, rode to Dunſtable, which is ſixe mile from Ampthill, where the Princes Dowager lay, and there by one Doctor Lee, ſhe was aſcited to appeare before the ſayde Archbyſhop in cauſe of Matrimony in the ſayde towne of Dunſtable, and at the day of appearance, ſhee appeared not,The Lady Katherine Dowager called peremptoryly. but made default, and ſo ſhee was called peremptorie euery daye fifteene dayes togither, and at the laſt, for lacke of appearance, by the aſſent of all the learned men there preſent, ſhe was diuorſed from the King, and the mariage declared to be voyde and of none effect.

Of this diuorſe, and of the Kinges mariage with the Lady Anne Bulleine, menne ſpake dyuerſly, ſome ſayd the King had done wiſely, and ſo as became him to doe in diſcharge of his conſcience.

Other otherwiſe iudged, and ſpake theyr fanſies as they thoughte good: but when euerye man had talked ynough, then were they quiet, and all reſted in good peace.

In May, Pope Clemente ſente an orator to the King, requiring hym to appeare perſonally at the generall counſell, which he had appoynted to be kept the yere following: but when his commiſſion was ſhewed, at the earneſt requeſt of the King, there was neyther place nor time ſpecified for the keeping of that councell, and ſo with an vncertayne aunſwere to an vncertaine demaund he departed, but not vnrewarded.

The King vnderſtanding that the Pope, the Emperour, and the Frenche King ſhould meete at Nice in Iune following,Ambaſſadors to the Frenche King. hee appoynted the Duke of Norffolke, the Lord Rochfoat brother to Queene Anne, ſir William Paulet Comptroller of his houſe, Sir Anthony Browne, and ſir Francis Brian Knightes, to goe in ambaſſade to the French King, and both to accompany him to Nice, and alſo to commune with the Pope there concerning his ſtay in the kyngs diuorſe.

Theſe worthy perſonages made their prouiſion readye, and ſo with the number of eyghte ſcore horſes, they wente to Douer, and paſſing ouer to Calais, tooke their way through France, to accompliſhe their ambaſſage as they hadde in commaundement.

The .29. of May, being Thurſeday, Queene Anne was conueyed by water frō Greenewiche to the Tower, with all honor that might be deuiſed, and there of the King ſhe was receyued, and ſo lodged there till Saturday, on the which daye, were made Knightes of the Bath by the King, according to the ceremonies thereto belonging, the Marques Dorſet,Knightes of the Bath. the Erle of Derby, the Lorde Clifforde, the Lorde Fitz Water, the Lord Haſtings, the L. Mont egle, Sir Iohn Mordant, the Lord Vaux, Sir Henry Parker, Sir William Winſor, Sir Francis Weſton, Sir Thomas Arondell, Sir Iohn Huddleſton, Sir Thomas Poynings, Sir Henrye Sauell, Sir George Fitz William, Sir Iohn Tindall, Sir Thomas Iermey.

The ſame daye, the Queene paſſed through London to Weſtminſter, in ſuche ſolemne wiſe as is vſed, the Citie beeing prepared, and the ſtreetes garniſhed with Pageants in places accuſtomed, the houſes on euerye ſide richely hanged, with clothes of great value, and great melodie made with inſtruments, appoynted in places conuenient.

On the morrowe after beeing Whitſonday,Queene Anne crowned. and the firſt of Iune, ſhe was crowned at Weſtminſter, with all ſuche ceremonies, ſolemnitie, and honour, as in ſuche a caſe apperteyned, nothing was lette paſſe or forgotten that mighte aduaunce the eſtimation of that high and royall feaſt, euerye man clayming to exerciſe ſuche office and ſeruice, as by way of anye tenure, graunte, or preſcription hee coulde proue to be belongyng vnto hym at ſuch a coronation.

On Monday were the Iuſtes holden at the Tylt, but there were but fewe ſlaues broken, bycauſe theyr horſes would not cope.

On Mydſommer day after, dyed the French Queene, then wife to the duke of Suffolke.

Queene Eliza [...]eth [...]ne.The ſeuenth of September being Sunday, betweene three and foure of the clocke in the after noone, the Queene was deliuered of a fayre yong Ladie, on which day the Duke of Norffolk came home to the Chriſtening, which was appoynted on the Wedneſday next following, and was accordingly accompliſhed on the ſame day, with all ſuch ſolemne ceremonies as were thought conuenient.

The Godfather at the Font, was the Lorde Archbiſhop of Canterburie, the Godmothers, the olde Duches of Norffolke, and the olde Marchioneſſe Dorcet wydow: at the confyrmation the Marcioneſſe of Exceter was Godmother: The childe was named Elizabeth, whiche after with great felicitie and ioy of all Engliſh heartes atteyned to the Crowne of this Realme, and now reigneth ouer the ſame, whoſe heart the lord direct in his wayes, and long preſerue hir in lyfe, to his godly will and pleaſure, and the comfort of all hir true and faythfull ſubiects.

Elizabeth Barton.About this ſeaſon, the craftie practiſes of one Elizabeth Barton, named the holy Mayde of Kent, came to light and were diſcouered, ſo that ſhee and hir adherentes in Nouember following were brought to the Starre Chamber, and there before the Kings Counſayle confeſſed their feyned hypocriſie and diſſimuled holineſſe, traiterous purpoſes and intents.

The names of thoſe hir adherents, whiche were preſented with hir before the Lordes in the Starre Chamber, were as followeth: Richarde Maſter prieſt, parſon of Aldington in Kent: Edwarde Bocking doctor in Diuinitie, a Monke of Canterburie, Richarde Dering Monke alſo of Canterburie, Edwarde Twayres Gentleman, Thomas Laurence, regyſter to y^e Archdeacon of Canterburie: Henrie Golde parſon of Aldermary, Batchler of Diuinitie: Hugh Rich Frier Obſeruant, Richarde Riſby, and Thomas Gold gentleman.

They were adiudged vpon their confeſſion aforeſayde, to ſtande at Poules Croſſe in the ſermon time, where they with their owne handes ſhoulde ſeuerally deliuer eche of them to the preacher that ſhoulde be appoynted, a Byll, declaring theyr ſubtile, craftie and ſuperſtitious doings. Which thing they did the Sunday nexte following, ſtanding vpon a ſtage at the croſſe erected for that purpoſe.

But for their treaſons committed, the order was reſpited till the Parliament next following, in the which they were atteynted, and ſuffred (as after ye ſhall heare.)

In this meane time the Scottes were not quiet,The Scottes moue warre. but ſtill robbed the kings ſubiectes both by ſea and lande, wherevpon the king cauſed them to be requited, not onely by the borderers and other to them aſſociate, which entring by the marches, burnt many of their ſtrong piles, but alſo he ſet forth certaine ſhippes which entred into theyr ſtreames, and fetched out many of thoſe pryſes, whiche they had taken out of theyr hauens and creekes, mawgre of their heades. Yet was there no warre proclaymed, and ſtill Commiſſioners ſet and comuned of agreement, and aniendes to be made on either part. But in the ende when the Scottes had much demaunded, and little or nothing granted, they for that time being wearie of war, deſired peace, which was cōcluded to endure both the kings liues. And ſo the .xx. day of May in the yeare next following, it was openly proclaymed, to the comfort of all them that delyted in peace and godly quietneſſe.

At the ſuyte of the Ladie Katherin Dowager, a curſſe was ſent from the Pope,A curſe procured from the Pope. which accurſed both the King and the Realme. This curſſe was ſet vp in the towne of Dunkyrke in Flaunders (for the bringer thereof durſt no nearer approche) where it was taken downe by one William Locke a Mercer of London.

Bycauſe it was knowne that the Ladie Katherin Dowager had procured this curſe of the Pope, all the order of hir Court was broken, for the Duke of Suffolke beeing ſent to hir as then lying at Bugden beſide Huntingdon, according to that he had in commaundement, diſcharged a great ſort of hir houſeholde ſeruants, and yet left a conueniēt number to ſerue hir like a Princeſſe, which were ſworne to ſerue hir not as Queene, but as Princeſſe Dowager. Such as toke that othe ſhe vtterly refuſed, and would none of theyr ſeruice, ſo that ſhe remayned with the leſſe number of ſeruants about hir.

After Chriſtmaſſe the Parliament beganne,1534
Elizabeth Barton attaynted. wherein the forenamed Elizabeth Barton, and other hir complices were attaynted of treaſon for ſundry practized deuiſes & tales by them aduanced, put in vre, and told, ſounding to the vtter reproch, perill, and deſtruction of the kings perſon, his honor, fame, and dignitie: for they had of a diueliſh intent, put in the heades of manye of the kings ſubiects, that to the ſayde Elizabeth Barton was giuen knowledge by reuelation from God and his Saints, that if the King proceeded to the diuorſe, and maried another, he ſhould not be king of this Realme one Moneth after, and in the reputation of God not one daye nor houre.

This Elizabeth, firſt through ſickneſſe, being oftentymes brought as it were into a traunce, whereby hir viſage and countenaunce became maruellouſly altered at thoſe times whē ſhe was ſo vexed, at length, by the encouraging, procurement and information of y^e forenamed Richard Maſter perſon of Aldington, ſhe learned to counterfaite ſuch maner of traunſes (after ſhe came to perfect health) as in hir ſickeneſſe by force of the diſeaſe ſhe hadde bin aquainted with, ſo that ſhee practiſed, vſed, and ſhewed vnto the people, diuers maruellous and ſundry alterations of the ſenſible partes of hir body, craftely vttering in hir ſayde feygned and falſe traunces, diuers & many counterfaite vertuous and holy words, tending to the rebuke of ſinne, and improuing of ſuche new opinions as then began to riſe.

And to bring the people the more in beliefe with hir hypocriticall doings, ſhe was counſelled to ſay in thoſe hir traunſes, that ſhe ſhould neuer be perfectly whole, till ſhee had viſited an Image of our Lady, at a place called Court at Streete, within the pariſh of Aldington aforeſaid.

Thither was ſhe brought, and by the meanes of the ſayd Richard Maſter, and Edward Bocking, that was now made of counſel in the matter, there aſſembled a two thouſand perſons at the day appointed of hir thither comming, to ſee the miracle.

At which day, ſhee being thither brought afore all that aſſemble and multitude of people, ſhe falſely feigned and ſhewed vnto the people in the Chappel of our Lady there at Court at Streete,A forged miracle. many alteracions of hir face, and other outwarde ſenſible partes of hir body, and in thoſe traunces, ſhe vttered wonderous words, as ſhe was before ſubtilly and craftely induced and taughte by the ſaid Edward Bocking and Richard Maſter.

And amongſt other things ſhe vttered, that it was the pleaſure of God, that the ſayde Bocking ſhould be hir ghoſtly father, and that ſhe ſhould be a religious woman.

And within a while after ſuche feigned and counterfeite traunſes, ſhee appeared to the people to be ſuddaynely relieued from hir ſickneſſe and afflictions, by the interceſſion and meane of the Image of our Lady, being in the ſame Chappel. By reaſon of whiche hipocriticall diſſimulation, the ſaid Elizabeth was broughte into a maruellous fame, credite, and good opinion of a greate multitude of the people of this Realme, and to encreaſe the ſame,Elizabeth Barron becommeth a Nunne. by the counſell of the ſaid Edward Bocking ſhe became a Nunne in the priorie of S. Sepulchres at Canterbury, to whome the ſaid Edwarde Bocking had commonly hys reſorte, not withoute ſuſpition of incontinencie, pretending to be hir ghoſtly father by Gods appoyntment. And by conſpiracie betwene hir and him, ſhe ſtill continued in practiſing hir diſſimuled trannſes, alledging, that in the ſame ſhe had reuelations from almightie God & his Saincts, and amōgſt other, that which as before we haue mentioned, touching the Kinges mariage as yee haue heard.

This mater proceeded ſo farre, that ther was a booke writtē by hir complices, and namely, by Thomas Laurence, regiſter to the Archbyſhop of Caunterbury, of hir feigned and counterfaite miracles, reuelations, and hipocriticall holyneſſe. All things were handled ſo craftely, that not only the ſimple, but alſo the wiſe and learned were deceiued by the ſame, in ſo muche,The Archbyſhop of Canterbury, and the Byſhop [...] Rocheſter, giue credi[...] to hir hypocriticall pra[...] tiſes. that William Warham the late Archbyſhop of Caunterbury, and Iohn Fiſher Byſhop of Rocheſter, and dyuers other, beeing enformed thereof, gaue credite thereto. All whiche matters and many other, had bin traiterouſly practiſed and imagined amongſt the parties many yeares, chiefly, to interrupt the diuorſe, and to deſtroy the King, and to depriue him from the Crowne and dignitie royall of this Realme, as in the acte of their atteinder made, more at large it may appeare, and likewiſe in y^e Chronicles of maiſter Edward Hall.

Therefore to conclude with hir and hir adherents, the one and twentith of Aprill nexte following, ſhee with diuers of them before condemned, was drawen to Tiborne,Elizabeth Barton executed. and there executed, as iuſtly they had deſerued.

At the very time of hir deathe ſhee confeſſed howe ſhe had abuſed the world, and ſo was not only the cauſe of hir own death, but alſo of theirs that there ſuffred with hir, and yet they could not (as ſhee then alledged) bee worthy of leſſe blame than ſhe, conſidering that they being learned and wiſe enoughe, myght eaſily haue perceyued, that thoſe things which ſhe did were but fained. Neuertheleſſe bycauſe the ſame were profitable to them, they therefore bare hir in hand, that it was the holy Ghoſt that did them, and not ſhe, ſo that puffed vp wyth their praiſes, ſhee fell into a certayne pryde and fooliſhe fantaſie, ſuppoſing ſhee might faine what ſhe would, whiche thyng had brought hir to that ende, for the whiche hir miſdooings ſhe cried God and the Kyng mercy, and deſired the people to praye for hir, and all them that there ſuffred with hir.

In this Parliament alſo was made the acte of ſucceſſion, for the eſtabliſhing of the Crowne,The acte of the eſtabliſhing of the Crowne. to the whiche euery perſon beyng of lawfull age ſhoulde be ſworne.

On Monday the three & twentith of Marche in the Parliament time,Ambaſsadors forth of Scotland. were ſolemnely receyued into London Ambaſſadors from Iames the fifth King of Scottes, the Byſhop of Aberdine, the Abbot of Kynlos, and Adam Otterborne the Kings attourney, with diuers Gentlemen on them attendaunte, whiche were broughte to the Taylers Hall, and there lodged. And on the day of the Innunciation they were brought to the kings Pala[...]ce at Weſtminſter, where they ſhewed their commiſſion and meſſage forthe which the king appoynted them dayes to counſayle.

During the Parliament time, euery Sunday at Paules Croſſe preached a Biſhop, declaring the Pope not to bee ſupreeme heade of the Church.

The .xxx. day of March was the Parliament proroged, [...]e Lordes [...] to the [...]ion. and there euerie Lorde, knight, and burges, and all other were ſworne to the Acte of ſucceſſion, and ſubſcribed the inhandes to a parc[...] ment fired to the ſ[...]e. The Parliament was proroged till the thirde of Nouember next.

After this were Commiſſioners ſent into all parts of the realme, to take the othe of al men and women to the act of ſucceſſion. Doctor Iohn Fiſher, and ſir Thomas Moore knight and doctor Nicholas Wilſon Parſon of Saint Thomas Apoſtles in London, expreſſely denied at Lābeth before the Archbiſhop of Canterb. to receyue that oth. The two firſt ſtood in their opinion to the verie death (as after ye ſhall heare) but doctor Wilſon was better aduiſed at length, & ſo diſſembling the matter eſcaped out of further daunger.

The .ix. of Iuly was the Lord Dacres of the North arraigned at Weſtminſter of high treaſon,An. reg. 26. where the Duke of Norffolke ſat as Iudge, and high ſteward of England. The ſayd Lorde Dacres being brought to the hares, with the Axe of the Tower before him, after his Inditement read, ſo improued the ſame, anſwering euery part and matter therein conteyned, and ſo plainly and directly confuted his accuſers, whiche were there readie to a[...]ouch their accuſations, that to theyr great ſhames, and his high honor, he was founde that day by his Peeres not guiltie, whereof the Commons not a little rei[...]ſed, as by their ſhawt and crie made at thoſe wordes, not guiltie, they freely teſtified.

The .xxix. of Iuly was Iohn Frith burned in Smitfield, for the opinion of the Sacrament: and with him the ſame time, & at the ſame ſtake, ſuffred alſo our Andrew Hewet, youngman, by his occupations Tayler.

The [...] of Auguſt were all the places of the obſeruant Friers ſuppreſſed, as Greenwich,Stow. Canterburie, Richmont, Newarke, and Newcaſtell, and in their places were ſet Auguſt in Friers, and the obſeruant Friers were placed in the towne [...] of the gray Friers.

The .xxi. of September Doctor Taylor maiſter of the Rolles was diſcharged of that office, and Thomas Cromwell [...] in hys place the .ix. of October.

Moreouer the thirde of Nouember,The Parliament againe beginneth. the Parliament began againe in the which was concluded the Act of Supremacie, which authorized the kings highneſſe to be ſupreme head of the church of England, and the authoritie of the Pope chaliſhed out of the realme.

In the ſame Parliament alſo was gyuen to the king, the firſt fruites and tenthes of all ſpirituall dignities and promotions.

This yeare came the great Admiral of France into Englād, Ambaſſador from the French king,The Admirall of France cō meth in Ambaſsade into England.
1535. and was honorably receyued.

In this [...]medyed the Earle of Kildare, priſoner in the Tower, and his ſon Thomas Fitz-Garet begon to rebell, and tooke all the kings ordinance and ſent to the Emperor, requiring him to take his part. Alſo he fiue the biſhop of Dublyn, and robbed all ſuche as woulde not obey him.

In the beginning of this yeare,An. reg. 27. the Duke of Norffolke, and the Biſhop of Elie went to Calays, and thither came the Admirall of Fraunce.

The .xxij. of Aprill the Prior of the Chartereux at London, the Prior of Beuall,Stow. the Prior of Exham, Reynalds a brother of Sion, & Iohn Vicar of Thiſleworth, were arraigned and condemned of treaſon, and thervpon drawne, hanged and quartered at Tiburne, the fourth of May. Their heades & quarters were ſet ouer the bridge and gates of the citie, one quarter excepted, which was ſet vp at the Chartereux at London.

The eight of May, the king commaunded that all belonging to the Court ſhould poll theyr heades, and to giue enſample, cauſed his owne heade to be polled, and his heard from thenceforth was cut round, but not ſhauen.

The .xix. of Iune were three Monkes of the Charterhouſe hanged, drawne,Monkes of the Charterhouſe executed. and quartered at Tyburne, and their heades and quarters ſet vp about London, for denying the king to bee ſupreme heade of the Church. Their names were, Exmew, Middlemoore, and Nudigate.

Alſo the .xxj. of the ſame Moneth,The Biſhop of Rocheſter beheaded. and for the ſame cauſe, doctor Iohn Fiſher Biſhop of Rocheſter was beheaded, and his heade ſet vppon London bridge. This Biſhop was of many ſore lamented, for hee was reported to bee a man of great learning, and of a verie good life. The Pope had elected him a Cardinall, and ſent hys hatte as farre as Calais, but his head was off before his flat could come.

Sir Thomas Moore beheaded.The ſixt of Iuly was ſir Thomas Moore beheaded for the like crime, that is to wit, for denying the king to be ſupreme head. This man was both learned and wiſe, but giues much to a certaine pleaſure in merye tauntes and le[...]ſting in moſte of his communication, whiche manner hee forgatte not at the verye houre of hys death.

This yeare in the tyme that the king went his progreſſe to Glouceſter, and to other places Weſtwarde,The king of Scots knight of the garter. the king of Scottes was inſtalled knight of the Garter at Windſore by his procurator the Lorde Erſkyn: and in October following,The Biſhop of Wincheſter Ambaſſador into France. Stephen Gardiner (whiche after the Cardinalles death was made Byſhoppe of Wyncheſter) was ſente Ambaſſadoure into Fraunce, where hee remayned three yeares after.

Stow.In Auguſt the Lorde Thomas Fitzgerarde, ſonne to the Erle of Kyldare, was taken in Ireland, and ſent to the tower of London.

In the Moneth of October, Doctor Lee and other were ſent to viſite the Abbayes, Priories, and Nunries in Englande, who ſet all thoſe religious perſons at liberty that would forſake their habite, and all that were vnder the age of .xxiiij. yeres, and the reſidue were cloſed vp that would remaine.

Further, they tooke order that no men ſhoulde haue acceſſe to the houſes of women, nor women to the houſes of men, except it ſhould bee to heare theyr ſeruice. The Abbot or Prior of the houſe where any of the brethren was willing to depart, was appoynted to giue to euerie of them a prieſtes gowne for his habit, & .xl.ſs. in mony, the Nunnes, to haue ſuch apparell as ſecular women ware, and to go whither them liked beſt.

The .xj. of Nouember was a great Proceſſion at London for ioy of the French kings recouerie of health from a daungerous ſickneſſe.

In December a ſuruey was taken of al Chā teryes, and the names of them that had the gyft of them.

1536
The Lady Katherin dowager deceaſeth.The Princes Dowager lying at Kimbalton, fell into hir laſt ſickneſſe, whereof the King being aduertiſed, appoynted the Emperours Ambaſſadour that was leger here with him, named Euſtachius Caputius, to go to viſite hir, and to doe his commendations to hir, and will hir to bee of good comfort. The Ambaſſadour with all diligence doth his dutie therein, comforting hir the beſt hee myght: but ſhee within ſixe dayes after, perceyuing hir ſelfe to waxe verie weake and feeble, and to feele death approching at hande, cauſed one of hir Gentlewomen to write a letter to the King, commending to him hir daughter and his, beſeeching him to ſtande good father vnto hir, and further deſired him to haue ſome conſideration of hir Gentlewomen that had ſerued hir, and to ſee them beſtowed in maryage. Further that it woulde pleaſe him to appoynted that hir ſer[...] might [...] their [...]e wages, and a yeares wages beſide.

This in effect was all that ſhee requeſt[...], and ſo immediately herevpon ſhee departed thys life the .viij. of Ianuarie at Kimbaltors aforeſaid, and was buried at Peterborow.

The fourth of Februarie the Parliamente beganne,Religious houſes gi[...] to the king. in the whiche amongſt other things inacted, all Religious houſes of the value of three hundred Markes and vnder, were gyuen to the King, with all the landes and goodes to them belonging.

The nūber of theſe houſes were .376. the value of their lāds yerely aboue .32000..ſs. their mouable goodes one hundred thouſand.St[...]w. The religious perſons put out of the ſame houſes, amounted to the number of aboue ten thouſand.

This yeare was William Tindall burned at a towne betwixt Bruyſſels and Maclyn called Villefort.William Tindall burne.

This Tyndal otherwiſe called Hichyus, was borne in the Marches of Wales, and hauing a deſire to tranſlate and publiſhe to his Countrey dyuerſe bookes of the Byble in Engliſh, & doubting to come in trouble for the ſame, if he ſhoulde remaine here in Englande, got him ouer into the parties of beyond the ſea, where he tranſlated not onely the newe Teſtament into the Engliſhe tongue, but alſo the fiue bookes of Moſes, Ioſua, Iudicum, Ruth, the bookes of the kings, & Paralip[...]menon, Nehemias, or the firſt of Eſdras, & the Prophet Ionas. Beſide theſe tranſlations, he made certain treatiſes, and publiſhed the ſame, which were brought ouer into Englande, & read with great deſire of diuerſe, and of many ſore deſpiſed and abhorred, ſo that Proclamations were procured forth for the condemnation and prohibiting of his bookes (as before you haue hearde.) Finally, hee was apprehended at Andwarpe by meanes of one Philips an Engliſhman, and then ſcholer at Louaine.

After hee had remayned in priſon a long time, and was almoſt forgotten, the Lorde Cromwel wrote for his deliuerance, but then in all haſte bycauſe hee woulde not recant any part of hys doctrine, hee was burned (as before you haue heard.)

On May day were ſolemne iuſtes kept at Greenwich,An. reg. [...] and ſodainly from the iuſtes the king departed, not hauing aboue ſix perſons with him, and in the Euening come to Weſtminſter. Of this ſodaine departing many men muſed, but moſt chiefely the Queene, who the next day was apprehended, [...] Anne [...]ued to Tower. and brought from Grenewich to the Tower of London, where ſhee was arraigned of high treaſon, and condemned.

Alſo at the ſame tyme were apprehended the Lorde Rochford, brother to the ſayde Queene, and Henrie Norrice, Marke Smeton, William Brereton, and ſir Francis Weſton, all beeing of the kings priuie Chamber. Theſe were likewiſe committed to the tower, and after arraigned and condemned of high treaſon.

All the Gentlemen were beheaded on the ſkaffold at the Tower hill, [...] Anne beheaded. but the Queene with in ſworde was beheaded within the Tower. And theſe were the wordes whiche ſhee ſpake at the houre of hir death the .xix. of May. 1536. Good chriſtian people, I am come hither to die, for according to the law, and by the lawe I am iudged to die, and therefore I will ſpeake nothing againſt it. I am come hither to accuſe no man, nor to ſpeake any thing of y^t whereof I am accuſed & condemned to die, but I pray God ſaue the king and ſend him long to reigne ouer you, for a gentler, nor a more mercifull prince was there neuer, and to me he was euer a good, a gentle, and a ſoueraigne Lorde. And if any perſon will meddle of my cauſe, I require them to iudge the beſt. And thus I take my leaue of the worlde, and of you all, and I heartily deſire you all to pray for me, Oh Lorde haue mercie on me, to God I cō mende my ſoule, Ieſu receyue my ſoule, diuerſe tymes repeting thoſe wordes, till that hir heade was ſtriken off with the ſworde.

Bycauſe I might rather ſay much than ſufficiently ynough in prayſe of this noble Queene, as well for hir ſingular witte and other excellent qualities of mynde, as alſo for hir fauouring of learned men, zeale of religion, and liberalitie in diſtributing almes in reliefe of the poore, I wyll referre the reader vnto that which maſter Foxe in his ſeconde volume of Actes and Monumentes, doth write of hir, where he ſpeaketh of hir maryage. Pag. 1198. and .1199. and alſo where hee maketh mention of hir death. Pag. 1233. and .1234. of the impreſſion .1570.

Immediately after hir death, in the weeke before Whitſuntide,The king maryed Ladie Iane Seymer. the King maryed the Ladie Iane Seymer, daughter to ſir Iohn Seymer knight, whiche at Whitſuntide was openly ſhewed as Queene.

And on the Tueſday in Whitſunweeke, hir brother ſir Edwarde Seymer was created Vicont Beauchampe, and ſir Water Hungerforde, Lorde Hungerford.

A Parliament.The .viij. of Iune beganne the Parliament, during the which the Lorde Thomas Howarde, without the kings aſſent, affled the Ladie Margaret Dowglas daughter to the Queene of Scottes, and Nece to the King,The Lord Th. Howard attainted of treaſon. for which acte he was attainted of treaſon, and an acte made for like offenders, and ſo he dyed in the Tower, and ſhe remayned long there as priſoner.

In the time of this Parliament, the Biſhops and all the Cleargie of the Realme helde a ſolemne conuocation at Paules Church in London, where after much diſputation and debating of matters, they publiſhed a booke of religion,A booke publiſhed concerning religion by the king. intituled Articles deuiſed by the kings highneſſe .&c. In this booke is ſpeciallye mentioned but three Sacraments.

Alſo beſide this booke, certaine Iniunctions were giuen forth, whereby a number of their holy dayes were abrogated, and ſpecially thoſe that fell in harueſt time.

Thomas Cromwel Secretarie to the king, and maiſter of the Rolles, was made Lorde keeper of the priuie Seale, and the ninth of Iuly the Lorde Fitzwaren was created Earle of Bath, and the morrow after the ſayd Lorde priuie ſeale Thomas Cromwell, was created Lorde Cromwell. The .xviij. of Iuly he was made knight, and Vicar generall vnder the King ouer the ſpiritualtie, and ſat dyuerſe times in the conuocation amongeſt the Byſhoppes as head ouer them.

The .xxij. of Iuly, Henrie duke of Richmont and Somerſet, erle of Northampton, baſe ſonne to the King, begot of the Ladie Tailebois, departed this life at Saint Iames, and was buryed at Thetford in Norffolke.

In September, Thomas Cromwell Lorde priuie ſeale and Vicegerent, ſent abroade vnder the kings ſpirituall priuie Seale, certayne Iniunctions, commanding that the Parſons & Eurates ſhoulde teach theyr Pariſhioners the Peter Noſter, the Aue and Creede, with the ten Commaundements, and Articles of the fayth in Engliſhe.

Theſe Articles and Iniunctions being eſtabliſhed by authoritie of Parliament, and now to the people deliuered, bred a greate miſlyking in the heartes of the common people, whiche had beene euer brought vp and trayned in contrary doctrine, and herewith diuerſe of the Cleargie as Monkes, Prieſtes, and other, tooke occaſion hereby to ſpeake euill of the late proceedings of the King, touching matters of Religion, affyrming that if ſpeedie remedie were not in tyme prouided, the fayth would ſhortly be vtterly deſtroyed, and all prayer and diuine ſeruice bee quite abolyſhed and taken away.

Many ſiniſter reportes, ſlaunderous tales, and feigned fables were blowne abroade, and put into the peoples eares, and diuerſe of the Nobilitie did alſo what they could to ſtyrre the commons to rebellion, faythfully promiſing both ayde and ſuccor agaynſt the king.

The people thus prouoked to miſchiefe, and deceyued through ouer light credence, incontinently as it were to mainteyne that Religion, whiche hadde ſo manye yeares continued, and beene eſteemed, they ſtiffely and ſtoutly conſpired togither,A trayterous conſpiracie. and in a part of Lincolnſhyre they firſt aſſembled, and ſhortly after ioyned into an armie, being (as it was ſuppoſed) of men apt for the warres, in number about twentie thouſande. Agaynſt theſe rebels with all the haſt that might be, the king in proper perſon vppon intelligence thereof had marched towardes them, being furniſhed with a warlike armie,The Lincolnſhire men in armes agaynſt the king. perfectly appoynted of all things that to ſuche a companie ſhoulde apperteyne.

The rebels hearing that his perſon was preſent with his power to come thus agaynſt them, began to feare what woulde follow of theyr doings: and ſuche nobles and gentlemen as at the firſte fauoured theyr cauſe, fell from them, and withdrew, ſo that they beeing deſtitute of Captaynes, at length put certaine petitions in wryting, which they exhibited to the King, profeſſing that they neuer intended hurt towardes his royal perſon.

The king receiued theyr peticions, which conſiſted in choyſe of Counſaylers, ſuppreſſion of religious houſes, maintenance of the ſeruice of Almightie God, the ſtatute of vſes, the releaſe of the fiftenth, and receiuing of the firſt fruites, with ſuche other matters as nothing apperteyned to them: wherevpon he made them anſwere in pythie ſentence, reprouing them of theyr preſumptuous folly and rebellious attempt, to meddle in any ſuch matters and weightie affayres, the direction whereof onelye belonged to him, and to ſuch noble men and counſaylers as his pleaſure ſhoulde be to elect and chooſe to haue the ordring of the ſame. And therefore he aduiſed them to remember theyr raſh and inconſiderate doings, and that now in any wiſe they ſhould reſort home to their houſes, and no more to aſſemble contrary to his lawes, and their owne allegiances, and alſo to cauſe the prouokers to this miſchiefe to bee deliuered to the handes of his Lieutenant, & further to ſubmit themſelues wholy to ſuch puniſhment as hee and his nobles ſhoulde thinke them worthie to receyue: for otherwiſe he woulde not ſuffer that iniurie at theyr handes to goe vnreuenged.

After the Lyncolnſhire men had receyued the kings anſwere thus made to theyr petitions, eche miſtruſting other,The Lincolnſhiremen gaue ouer their rebellious enterprice. who ſhoulde be noted the greateſt medler, ſodainly they beganne to ſhrinke, and got them home to their houſes withoute longer abode.

Herewith the Duke of Suffolke the Kings Lieutenant, was appoynted to goe with the armye to ſee the Countrey ſet in quiet, accompanied with the Lord Admirall, ſir Frances Brian, and ſir Iohn Ruſſell, that were ioyned with him alſo in y^e cōmiſſiō for the ordring of things there within the Countie of Lincolne. The Duke entred into the Citie of Lincolne the ſeuententh of October.

On the .xix. al the Inhabitants of Louth (according to order giuen by the duke) came to Lincolne, and there in the Caſtell made theyr ſubmiſſion, holding vp their handes, and crying for the kings mercie. And herewith were choſen forth Nicholas Melcon, Captaine Coblet, and .xiij. mo, which were commaunded to warde, and all the reſidue were newe ſworne to the king, renoncing their former othe receyued in tyme of theyr rebellion, and then departed home to their houſes in the kings peace.

After this were Proclamations made abrode in the Countrey in euery Market towne by the Heraulds at armes, Somerſet, and Wynſore, that the Captaines and Souldiers of the Dukes armie ſhuld not take any mans goodes, catailes, or vitayles, except they payed or agreed with the owners for the ſame. And further commaundement was giuen, that al Inhabitants and dwellers within the townes and villages about, ſhould repayre to the Citie of Lyncolne, with all maner of vytaile as well for men as horſes, where they ſhould receyue payment at reaſonable pryſes for the ſame.

After this, there was likewiſe Proclamation made, for the apprehending of all ſuch lewde perſons, as had ſowne any falſe rumors abroade in the Countrey, the chiefe occaſion of this rebelliō,Falſe rumors the occaſion rebellious. bruting that the king pretended to haue the golde in the handes of his ſubiectes brought into the Tower to be touched, and all their cattaile vnmarked, the Chalices goodes and ornamentes of pariſh Churches, fines for chriſtnings, weddings, and buryings, for licences to eate white meate, bread, pigge, gooſe, or Capon, with many other ſlaunderous, falſe, and deteſtable tales and lyes, forged of diueliſh purpoſe to encourage the people to rebellion. If therefore any man could apprehende ſuch as had bene the ſetters forth & ſowers of ſuche ſeditions reportes, they that brought them in ſhoulde bee ſo rewarded, as they ſhoulde thinke their labor well beſtowed.

Moreouer, if there were any aſſemblies made in any part of the realme without the Kings licence, by any vnruly perſons, and would not departe to theyr houſes vpō warning by his graces Proclamations, they ſhould not looke for further mercie at the kings hande, but to bee perſecuted with fire and ſword to the vttermoſt.

To cōclude, by the wiſe & ſage directiō takē in appeaſing the Countrey by that noble Duke, all things were quieted in thoſe parties. Diuerſe of y^e principal offenders were ſent vnto London. He that tooke vpon him as chief Chapt in of the rowte, was the ſame that called himſelfe Captaine Cobler, but he was in deede a Monke named Doctor Makarell, which afterwardes wyth diuerſe other was executed.

But nowe in the meane tyme whyleſt the Duke was ſente forwarde into Lincolneſhyre, wythin ſixe dayes after the King was truely informed, [...]motion [...] [...]orth [...]. that there was a newe ſturre begonne in the North partyes by the people there, whiche had aſſembled themſelues into an huge army of warlike men and well appoynted, both with captaynes, horſe, armor, and artillarie to the number of fortie thouſand men, which had encamped thē ſelues in Yorkſhire.

Theſe men declared by their Proclamations ſolemnely made, that this theyr ryſing and commotion ſhoulde extende no further, but onely to the maintenaunce and defence of the fayth of Chriſt and delyueraunce of holy Church, ſore decayed and oppreſſed, and alſo for the furtheraunce as well of priuate as publike matters in the Realme, touching the wealth of all the kings poore ſubiects.

They named this theyr ſeditious voyage, an holy and bleſſed Pylgrimage: They had alſo certayne Banners in the fielde, [...] holy pyl [...]age. in which was paynted Chriſte hanging on the Croſſe on the one ſide, and a Chalice with a paynted Cake in it on the other ſide, with diuerſe other Banners of like hypocryſie and feigned holineſſe.

The Souldiers had alſo embrodered on the ſleeues of theyr coates in ſteade of a Badge, the ſimilitude of the fiue woundes of our Sauiour, and in the myddeſt therof was written the name of our Lord.

Thus had the Rebelles hoſt of Sathan with falſe and counterfeyte ſignes of holyneſſe ſet out themſelues onely to deceyue the ſimple people in that theyr wicked and rebellious enterpryce agaynſte theyr liege. Lorde and naturall Prince.

The faythfull [...]ence of [...] Earle of Shreweſburie.The ſpeedie diligence and loyall duetie which was founde at y^e preſent in y^e worthie Counſaylour George Earle of Shreweſburie, is not to bee forgotten, who immediately after hee vnderſtoode howe the Northern menne were thus vppe in armes, conſidering howe muche it imported to ſtoppe them of theyr paſſage before they ſhoulde aduaunce to farre forwardes, whereby they might both encreaſe in power, and put all other partes of the Realmē in hazard through feare or hope to enclyne to theyr wicked purpoſes, hee ſent abroade with all ſpeede poſſible to rayſe ſuche power of his Seruauntes, Tenants, and friendes, as by any meanes he myght make, and withall diſpatched one of hys ſeruauntes to the King, both to aduertiſe hym what hee hadde done, and alſo to purchaſe his pardon, for making ſuche leuie of a power, before hee hadde receyued his Maieſties Commiſſion ſo to do.

I haue hearde by relation of men of good credite that were preſent, that when ſuch Knightes and Gentlemen as were of his Counſayle, and other of his eſpeciall friendes were come vnto him, hee put forth thys queſtion vnto them, whether his facte in rayſing a power of armed menne withoute the Kinges Commiſſion (although hee had done it to reſyſt the Rebelles) were treaſon or not, wherevnto when aunſwere was made by ſome that were knowne to haue ſkill in the lawes of the Realme, howe that by no meanes it coulde bee intended treaſon, ſithe his intent was good, and no euell thereby ment, but contrarily the aduauncement of the Kings ſeruice duetifully ſought. Ye are fooles (quoth the Earle) I knowe it in ſubſtaunce to bee treaſon, and I woulde thinke my ſelfe in an hard caſe, if I thought I hadde not my pardon comming.

Suche a reuerende regarde had this noble Earle vnto his bounded allegiance towardes his Prince, that whatſoeuer ſeemed but as it were to ſounde in any behalfe to the breache thereof, it ſo troubled his loyall mynde, that he coulde not be ſatiſfyed, till as it were in confeſſing his faulte, where according to the truth there was none at all, hee hadde ſignifyed his aſſured fidelitie in craning pardon, where otherwiſe hee might haue looked for thankes, which indeed he receyued with his pardon, according to his petition, and a commiſſion to proceed as he had begon.

Moreouer, where as there were dyuerſe ſpeaches amongeſt the Souldiours in the armie vttered, by ſome not altogyther happily well dyſpoſed, that the ſayde Earle had ſo good lyking of the Northern mennes cauſe, that when it came to the poynt of tryall, hee woulde ſurelye ioyne with them agaynſt that part, whiche he yet pretended to maintayne: to put that matter oute of doubt, he cauſed the multitude of hys Souldiours to come before him, and there declared to them, that hee vnderſtoode what lewde talke hadde beene rayſed of hys meanyng amongeſt them in the Campe, as if he had fauoured the part of the Rebelles: but (ſayeth hee) whatſoeuer theyr colourable pretence may be, true it is, that Traitours they are in this their wicked attempt, and where as my aunceſters haue bene euer true to the crowne, I meane not to ſtaine my bloud now in ioyning w^t ſuch a ſort of traytors, but to liue & die in defence of y^e crown, if it ſtood but vpō a ſtake, and therefore thoſe that will take my part in this quarell, I haue to thanke them, and if there be any that be otherwiſe mynded, I woulde wiſh them hence. And herewith hee cauſed hys Chaplaine to miniſter an othe to him, whiche hee receyued to the effect aforeſayde, in preſence of them all. And verily this was thought to be done not without great cauſe that moued him thereto: for where, as the more part of his ſouldiors conſiſted of the Countrey people, and with forged tales, and wicked ſurmiſes were eaſily ledde to beleeue, whatſoeuer was reported in fauour of the rebelles, and diſfauour of ſuche as were then chiefe Counſaylours to the King, againſt whom they pretended to ryſe (although there was no reaſonable occaſion leading them therevnto) it was greatly to bee ſuſpected, leaſt they myghte through ſome trayterous practiſe haue beene induced to forget theyr dutifull allegiance to theyr ſoueraigne, and ſouldierlyke obedience to theyr leaders, inſomuche that the Captaynes of the Rebelles, were perſwaded (and ſome of them reported no leſſe) that they myghte haue foughte wyth the Duke of Norffolke, and the Earle of Shreweſburie, on this hither ſyde of the Riuer of Dun, euen with theyr owne men, not needing to haue brought a man of theyr army with them. Therefore it was thought, that the othe whiche the Earle of Shrewſburie in that ſort receyued before all hys people there openly in field, ſerued to great purpoſe, to put out of hys Souldiers wauering heades, all ſuche lewde expectation that he woulde turne to the enimyes, ſtaying thereby theyr fickle myndes, ſithe they were now aſſured, that he being theyr Chieftaine ment no diſſimulation, a matter truly of no ſmall importaunce, conſidering the fauour whiche the Commons bare towardes him, and the opinion they had conceyued of hys highe prowes, ſo that whiche way he inclyned, it was thought verilye the game were likely to go.

But nowe after the King was aduertiſed of that perilous commotion of the Northern men, he appoynted not only the ſaid Erle of Shrewſburie to rayſe a power to reſyſt them, but alſo ordeyned the Duke of Norffolke his Lieutenant generall,The Duke of Norffolke the kings Lieutenant. with the Marques of Exceter, and the ſayde Earle of Shreweſburie, the Earles of Huntingdon and Rutlande, accompanied wyth a mightie power to go againſt them.

Theſe Lordes rayſing ſuch retinues of ſouldiours and men of warre as were to them aſſigned, made forwarde to the place where the armye of the Rebelles was then encamped, whiche was beyonde the Towne of Doncaſter, in the high way towards Yorke.

But fyrſt the ſayde Earle of Shreweſbury, with the Earles of Huntington, and Rutlande, and ſuch other that were next adioyning to thoſe parties, with theyr powers aſſembled oute of the Shires of Salop, Stafforde, Leyceſter, Rutlande, Notingham and Darby, came to a place in Notinghamſhire called Blithlowe, and there taking the muſters of their people, ſtreightwayes paſſed forth to Dancaſter, and appoynted certaine bandes of theyr men, to lie in places where anye fourdes or paſſages laye ouer the Ryuer of Dun, that runneth by the Northſyde of Dancaſter, to ſtay the enimies if they ſhoulde attempt to come ouer.

Shortly after came the Duke of Norffolke, and finally the Marques of Exceter with a ioyly company of Weſterne men, well and perfectly appoynted.

When theſe Captaynes and ſage Counſaylers being here aſſembled, vnderſtoode the maner of the Northern men, theyr number, and readyneſſe to battayle, they firſt practiſed with greate policie, to haue pacified the matter withoute bloudſhedding: but the Northern men were ſo bent to maynteyne theyr wylfull enterpryſe, that there was no hope to take vp the matter without battayle:The euen of Simon and Iude. therfore a day was ſet on the which they ſhould trie the quarell betwixt them with di[...]t of ſworde.

But ſee the chaunce, the night before the day aſſigned for this blouddye and vnnaturall battayle, to haue beene fought betwyxt men of the Nation, and ſubiectes to one King, there fell a raine not great to ſpeake of,A [...]ond. but yet as if were by myracle, the Riuer of Dun roſe ſodainely [...] ſuch a height, that ſeldome had beene ſeene th[...] the like hugeneſſe of water,Gods providence ſtayed them from battaile. ſo that the day when the houre of battayle ſhoulde come, it was not poſſible for the one armie to come at the other, and ſo the appoyntment made betweene both the armyes for tryall of the matter by force of armes, was by Gods good prouidence diſappoynted, and many an innocent mans life preſerued, that ſhould haue died, if their purpoſes had taken place.

After this, by the great wiſedome and policie of the Nobles and Captaynes, a communication was had, and an agreement made vppon the Kings pardon, obteyned for all the Capitaynes and chiefe doers in this inſurrection, and promiſe made that they ſhoulde bee gentlye heard, to declare ſuch things as they found themſelues agreeued with, and that vppon theyr Articles preſented to the King,The [...] taken vp. theyr reaſonable petitions ſhoulde be graunted, as by hym and hys Counſaile it ſhoulde be thought expedient, wherby all troubles might bee quieted, and eche thing brought to a good concluſion.

Herewith euerye man departed, and thoſe whiche before bent as hote as fire to fight, le[...]d of theyr deſperate purpoſe, by Gods mercifull prouidence, went now peaceably to their houſes without any more buſineſſe.

The ſelfe ſame time that theſe Northern men were lodged neare to Dancaſter, and the Kings power readie to ſtoppe them of theyr paſſage (as before ye haue hearde) there was an other army readie to haue marched Southwardes through Lancaſhyre, but by the faythfull diligence of the Earle of [...], who with the forces of Lancaſhyre and Cheſhyre was appoynted to reſyſt them, they were lykewiſe kept backe and brought to quiet. Notwithſtanding they were a verie great number aſſembled togyther of the Commons oute of Cumberland, Weſtmerland, and of the north partes of Lancaſhire.

The Earle of Suſſex was ſente towne by the King, to ioyne in aſſyſtaunce wyſh the Earle of Darbie, who cauſing dyuerſe of the chiefe procurers of that Rebellion in thoſe parties to be apprehended and arraigned, they being founde guiltie had iudgement, and were executed, as the Abbottes of Walley, Saulley, and others.

In tyme of this rebellion, a Prieſt that by a Butcher dwelling within fiue myles of Wyndſore had beene procured to preach in fauour of the Rebelles, and the butcher (as well for procuring the Prieſt thereto, as for wordes ſpoken as hee ſolde his meate in Wyndſore) were hanged, the Prieſte on a Tree at the foote of Wyndſore Bridge, and the Butcher on a payre of newe Gallowes ſet vp before the Caſtell gate, at the ende of the ſame bridge.

The wordes whiche the Butcher ſpake were theſe. When one bad him leſſe for the carkaſſe of a Sheepe than he thought hee coulde make of it: May by Gods ſoule (ſayde hee) I hadde rather the good fellowes of the North had it, and a ſcore more of the beſt I haue, than I woulde ſo ſell it.

This Prieſt and Butcher being accuſed on a Monday in the morning whyleſt the Kings armie was in the fielde, and the king himſelfe lying at Wyndſore, they confeſſed theyr faultes vpon theyr examinations, and by the lawe martiall, they were adiudged to death, and ſuffred as before is mentioned.

[...]eat froſt.This yeare in December, the Thames was froſen ouer. And in Chriſtmaſſe the King by his meſſengers and Herauldes ſente downe into the North his generall pardons to all the offenders, [...]erall par [...]. and ſhortly after Aſke that had beene the principall procurer,1537 and as it were chiefe Captaine of the Northern Rebelles, [...] rewarded came to London, and nowe was both pardoned and receyued into fauour, receyuing of the Kings bounteous liberalitie, apparayle, and dyuerſe other rewardes, whereof hee was moſte vnworthye, for there lyued not (as Hall ſayeth) a veryer Wretche, as well in perſon as conditions and deedes, ſpecially towardes the Kings Maieſtie, as after it appeared.

The thirde of Februarie, Thomas Fitzgaret late Earle of Kyldare, and fiue of hys Vncles,The Earle of Kildare executed. Selbie. were drawne, hanged, and quartered at Tiborne for treaſon.

In the ſame Moneth Nicholas Muſg[...]e, Thomas Tylbie, with other, beganne a newe rebellion at Kyr[...]bie Stephan in Weſtmerland,A newe rebellion. who hauing got togither right thouſande men, beſieged the Citie of Carlile, from whence they were beaten with the onely power of the Citie, and in returning from thence, the duke of Norffolke, who then was Lieutenant of the North, encountred with them, tooke the Captaynes, and according to the law Martiall arraigned .lxxiiij. of them, whome hee hanged on Carleyl walles, but Muſgraue eſcaped.

In the ſame Moneth of Februarie begann[...] newe Commotion,Sir Frances Bygot. by the procurement of Sir Fraunces Bigod, who being entiſed to that miſchieuous enterpriſe by certaine wicked perſons, forgat his dutie to his Prince, although hee had bene a man (as Hall ſayth) that vndoubtedly loued God, and reuerenced his Prince with a right obedient & louing feare: but ſuche are men whe[...] God leaueth them, and that they will take in hande things whiche Gods moſte holye worde vtterly forbyddeth. This laſt Rebellion began in Setrington, Pikering Leigh, and Skarb[...] row, but it was quickly ſuppreſſed, and the ſayde ſir Fraunces Bigod apprehended, and brought to the Tower.

The ſayde ſir Fraunces, and one Halam hauing rayſed a great companie of Rebelles, ment to haue taken the Towne of Hull, there to haue fortifyed themſelues, and to haue aſſembled more power, but by the wiſedome of Sir Raufe Ellerkar, and the Maior of the Towne of Hull, the ſayde Halam, and threeſcore other of the Rebelles without any ſlaughter were taken, which Halam was afterwardes hanged in Chaynes, and two other wyth hym, at the ſayde Towne of Hull. Sir Fraunces Bygod fled, and coulde not be hearde of for a tyme, but at length he was alſo apprehended.

Moreouer, aboute the latter ende of thys xxviij. yeare, the Lord Darcy, Aſke,Aske and other practiſe to rayſe a new rebellion. ſir Robert Coneſtable, ſir Iohn Bulmer and his wyfe, ſir Thomas Percye brother to the Earle of Northumberlande, Sir Stephen Hamilton, Nicholas Tempeſt Eſquier, William Lomley, ſonne to the Lorde Lomley, beganne eftſoones to conſpire, although euerie of them before had receyued theyr pardons: and nowe were they all taken and brought to the Tower of London as priſoners.

This yeare Robert Packington a Mercer of London, a man both riche, wiſe, and of good credite, dwelling at the ſigne of the legge in Cheapeſide, one morning going (as his cuſtome was) aboute foure of the clocke to heare Maſſe, in the Churche then called Saint Thomas of Acres, and nowe the Mercers Chapell, as hee croſſed the ſtreete from hys houſe to the Churche, was ſodaynly murthered wyth a Gunne,Robert Packington murthered. the cracke whereof was hearde of the neighbours, and of a great number of labourers that ſtoode at Soper Lane ende, and ſawe the ſayde Packington goe forth of his houſe, but there was ſuch a thicke myſt that morning, as the lyke had not beene ſeene, by couert whereof the murtherer founde ſhyft the more eaſily to eſcape.

Many were ſuſpected, but none founde in fault, albeeit for ſo muche as hee was one that woulde ſpeake hys mynde freely, and was at the ſame tyme one of the Burgeſſes of the Parliament for the Citie of London, and had talked ſomewhat agaynſt the couetouſneſſe and crueltie practiſed by the Cleargie, it was miſtruſted leaſt by ſome of thē be came thus to his ende. At length the murtherer in deede was condemned at Banburie in Oxfordſhyre, to die for a felonie which he afterwardes committed, and when hee came to the Gallowes on whiche hee ſuffered, he confeſſed that he did this murther, and till that tyme hee was neuer had in anye ſuſpicion thereof.

The .xxix. of Marche, were twelue of the Lincolneſhyre Rebelles drawne to Tyborne, and there hanged and quartered, fiue of them were prieſtes, the reſidue lay men. One of the prieſtes was Doctour Makarell, and another was the vicar of Louth.

About this ſeaſon the maner of caſting pipes of leade for the conueyaunce of water vnder the ground, Grafton. The inuention of caſting pipes. without occupying of ſonder to the ſame, was inuented by Robert Brocke Clearke, then one of the kings Chaplaynes, an inuention right neceſſarie for the ſauing of expenſes, for two men and a boy, will doe that in one day, which before could not be done by many men in many dayes. Robert Cowper Goldſmyth was the fyrſt that made the inſtruments, and put this inuention in practiſe.

An. reg. 29. In the verie beginning of this yeare, certaine Commiſſioners beeing ſent into Somerſetſhyre to take vp corne, the people beganne to make an Inſurrection, but by the wiſedome and diligence of yong maſter Paulet and others, the ſame was ſuppreſſed, and the begynners therof, to the number of .lx. were apprehended and condemned, and xiiij. of them were hanged and quartred. One of the number being a woman. The reſt [...] were ſaued by the kings mercifull pardon.

In Iune the Lorde Da[...], and the Lorde Huſey;Execution. were arraigned at Weſtmynſter before the Marques of Exceter then high Stewarde, where they were found guiltie, and ha[...] iudgemēt as in caſes of high treaſon.

Shortly after alſo were arraigned ſir Robert Coneſtable, ſir Thomas P[...]ro[...]e,Arraignme[...] ſir Frances Bigot, ſir Stephen Hamilton, ſir Iohn B[...]lme[...], and his wife, or [...] her as ſome report his paramout: alſo William Lomley, Nicholas Tempeſt, William T[...]t Abbot of Fountaynes, Adam Sudburie Abbot of Ierueux, William Wolde Prior of Birlington alſo the Abbot of Ryuers and Robert Aſke. They were all found guiltie of high treaſon, & al put to death. Sir Robert Coneſtable was hanged in Cha[...]s ouer Beuerley gate at Hul, and Robert Aſke was alſo hanged in chaynes on a tower at Yorke, and Margaret Cheyuey ſir Iohn Bulmers paramor burnt in Smithfield in London. The other ſuffered at Tiborne.

In the latter end of Iune,Execution. was the lord Darcy beheaded at the tower hill, & ſhortly after the lord Huſey was likewiſe beheaded at Lincolne.

This yeare at Saint Georges feaſt, was the Lord Cromwell made knight of the Garter.

In October on Saint Edwardes euen,The birth o[...] king Edw[...] the ſixth. which falleth on the twelfth of that Moneth, at Hampton court the Queene was deliuered of hir ſonne named Edward, for whoſe byrth great ioy was made through the Realme, with thankes giuing to almightie God, who hadde ſent ſuche a yong Prince to ſucceede his father in the Crowne of this Realme, as afterwarde he did by the name of king Edward the ſixt.

His Godfathers at the Font ſtone, were, the Archbiſhoppe of Canterburie, and the Duke of Norffolke. The Ladie Marie was his Godmother. And at the Biſhopping, the Duke of Suffolke was his Godfather.

But as ioy is often myxed with ſorrowe,The death [...] Queene Ia[...] ſo at that tyme it came to paſſe by the death of his mother, that noble & vertuous Lady Queene Iane, whiche departed out of thys lyfe the fourtenth day of this Month of October, to the great grief of the whole realme, but namely the king hir huſband tooke it moſt grieuouſly of all other, who remouing to Weſtminſter, there kept himſelfe cloſe a great while after. The .viij. of Nouēber, the corps of the Queene was caried to Winſore, with great ſolemnitie, & there buried in the midſt of the Quiere in the caſtell Church. There was alſo a ſolēmn herſe made for hir in Pauls church, & funeral exequies celebrate, as well as in al other churches within the Citie of London.

The king held his Chriſtmas at Greenewich, and as well he as all the Court ware mourning apparell, till the morow after Candlemaſſe day, and then he and all other chaunged.

1538
[...] This yeare the vicount Beauchampe was created Earle of Hertfort, and ſir William Fitzwilliam Lorde high Admiral, was created Earle of Southampton.

An. reg. 30. [...] Foreſt.In May a Frier obſeruant called Frier Foreſt was apprehended for that he was knowne in ſecrete confeſſions to haue declared to many of the Kings liege people, that the king was not ſupreme heade of the Church, where he had by hys othe neuertheleſſe affyrmed him ſo to be. Wherevpon in his examination, that poynt beyng layde to hys charge, he anſwered that hee tooke his othe with his outwarde man, but hys inwarde man neuer conſented therevnto. But beeyng further accuſed of dyuerſe hereticall and damnable opinions that he helde and mainteyned contrarie to the Scripture, at length beyng not able to defende the ſame, he ſubmitted himſelf to the puniſhment of y^e Church. But whē vpon thys hys ſubmiſſion hauing more libertie thā before he had to talke with whom he would, and other hauing libertie to talke with him, he was incēſed by ſome ſuch as had conference with him, that the Frier when his abiuration was ſent him to read & peruſe, he vtterly refuſed it, and obſtinately ſtood to al his hereſies & treaſons, thervpon he was cōdemned, and afterwardes on a paire of new gallowes, prepared for him in Smithfield, he was hāged by the middle and armholes al quicke, and vnder the gallowes was made a fire wherewith hee was conſumed and burnt to death. [...] Forreſt [...].

There were diuers of the counſel preſent at his death ready to haue graunted him pardon, if any ſpark of repentance would haue appeared in him.

There was alſo a Pulpet prepared, in whiche that renowmed preacher Hugh Latimer then biſhop of Worceſter, by manifeſt Scriptures confuted the Friers errors, and with many godly exhortations moued him to repentance, but hee would neither heare nor ſpeake.

A little before the execution, an huge and great Image was brought to the gallowes. This Image was fetched out of Wales, which y^e Welch men had in great reuerēce. It was named Daruell Gatherne.A prophecie. They had a propheſie in Wales that this Image ſhoulde ſet a whole Forreſt on fire, which prophecie was nowe thought to take effect, for he ſet this Frier Forreſt on fire, and conſumed him to nothing. The Frier when he ſaw the fire come, caught hold on the ladder, which he would not let goe, but in that ſort vnpaciently tooke his death, ſo as if one might iudge him by his outward man, he appeared (ſaith Hal) to haue ſmall knowledge of God, and leſſe truſt in hym at his ending.

In Iuly was Edmonde Coningſhie attainted of treaſon,Execution. for counterfeyting the kings ſigne manuell, and in Auguſt was Edward Clifforde for the ſame cauſe attainted, and both put to execution as traytors at Tiborne.

In Septēber by the ſpecial motion of the L. Crōwel, all the notable Images,Certaine Images takē away and remoued from their places. vnto the which were made any eſpeciall pilgrimages & offrings, were vtterly takē away, as the Images of Walſingham, Ipſwich, Worceſter, the lady of Wilſdon with many other, and likewiſe the formes of counterfeyte Saintes, as that of Tho. Becket, and other. And euen forthwith, by meanes of the ſayde Cromwell, all the orders of Friers, and Nunnes, with their cloyſters and houſes, were ſuppreſſed and put downe.

In this ſeaſon, ſute was made to the king by the Emperour, to take to wife the Duche[...]ſe of Millaine: but ſhortly after that ſuite brake of, bicauſe (as was thought) the Emperors counſaile ment by a cautell to haue brought the King in mind to ſue for a licence of the Pope. Then the Duke of Cleue began to ſue to the King that it would pleaſe him to match with his ſiſter the ladie Anne, which after tooke effect.

In Nouember, one Iohn Nicholſon,Iohn Nicholſon alias Lambert. otherwiſe called Lambert, a prieſt, was accuſed of hereſie, for holding opinion agaynſt the bodily preſence in the ſacrament of the Aulter. He appealed to the kings Maieſtie, who fauourably conſented to heare him at a day appoynted, againſt whiche day, in the kings Palace at Weſtmynſter, within the Kings Hall, there was ſet vp a throne or ſiege royall for the King, with ſkaffoldes for all the Lordes, and a ſtage for Nicholſon to ſtande vpon.

This Nicholſon was eſteemed to bee a man wel lerned, but that day he vttred no ſuch knowledge (ſaith Hal) as was thought to be in a mā of that eſtimation, diuers argumēts were miniſtred to him by the Biſhoppes, but namely the King preſſed him ſore, and in the ende offred him pardon if he woulde renounce his opinion, but hee woulde not conſent thereto, and therefore he was there condemned, and had iudgement, and ſo ſhortly after he was drawne into Smythfielde, and there burnt to Aſhes.

The Marques of Exceter cō demned.The thirde of Nouember, Henrie Courtney Marques of Exeter and Earle of Deuonſhyre, Henrie Poole Lord Montagew, and ſir Edward Neuill brother to the lord of Burgueuenny, were ſent to the Tower, being accuſed by ſir Geffrey Poole, brother to the Lorde Montagew, of high treaſon. The Marques, and the Lorde Montagew were arraigned the laſt of December at Weſtminſter before the Lorde Audley that was Chauncellor, and for that preſent time high ſteward of Englād, & there were they found giltie.

The third day after were arraigned ſir Edward Neuill, ſir Geffrey Poole, two Prieſtes called Croftes and Collyns, and one Holland a [...]anner, and all attaynted.

The ninth of Ianuarie, the Lord Marques,15[...]9
The [...] Marques executed▪ and the Lord Montagew, with ſir Edward Neuell loſt their heades on the Tower hill. The two prieſtes and Holland, were drawne to Tiborne, and there hanged and quartered. Sir Geffrey P[...]le had his pardon.

On Aſhwedneſday, Iohn Iohnes, Iohn Potter, and William Manering, were hanged in the Princes liuereys (bycauſe they were the Princes ſeruants) on the ſouthſide of Poules church yard, for killing Roger Cholmeley Eſquier in that place of malice prepenſed.

The thirde of March, ſir Nicholas Carew of Bedington in the Countie of Surrey knight of the Garter, and maſter of the kings horſe,Sir Nicholas Carew executed. cōdemned before of treaſon, was beheaded on the tower hill, where he made a godly confeſſion, both of his fault, and ſuperſtitious fayth, giuing God thankes, for that his happe was to be priſoner in the Tower, where he firſt fauored the pleaſaunt caſt of Gods holy worde, meaning the Byble in Engliſh, which there hee read by the exhortation of one Thomas Philippes then keeper of that Priſon, and ſometyme a Citizen and Poyntmaker of London, who had beene in ſome trouble for Religion, and examined before Doctour Stokeſley Biſhop of London, and ſir Thomas Moore, but through his wiſe demeanor and colde anſwers, he eſcaped their handes.

Creations.The ninth of March, the King created Sir William Paulet knight Treaſorer of his houſe, Lord Saint Iohn, and ſir Iohn Ruſſell Comptroller of his houſeholde Lorde Ruſſell. Alſo either then or ſhortly after, was ſir William Par created Lord Par.

The ſame time the King cauſed all the Ha [...]e[...] [...]e fenced with Bulwarkes,Bulwarks and Blockhouſes buylded. and Blockhouſes, and riding to Douer, hee tooke order to haue Bulwarkes made alongſt the Sea coaſtes, and ſent Commiſſion to haue generall muſters made through the realme.

Moreouer on Eaſter day there were .lx. ſaile diſcouered that lay in the Downes, and for that it was neyther knowne then what they were nor what they intended to doe, all [...] able men in Kent, roſe and muſt red in armour the ſame daye.

The .xxviij. of Aprill begonne a Parliament at Weſtminſter, in the which, An. reg. 3[...] A Parliame[...] Attain[...] Margaret Counteſſe of Saliſburie, Ger[...]de wyſe to the Marques of Exceter, Reignalde Poole Cardinall, brother to the Lord Montagew, ſir Adrian Foſkew, and Thomas Dingley Knight of Saint Iohns,Execution. and diuerſe other were attainted of high treaſon, which Foſkew and Dingley the tenth of Iuly were beheaded.

In this Parliament, the Act of the ſixe Articles was eſtabliſhed. Of ſome it was named the bloudie ſtatute,The ſtatute of the ſix articles as it proued in deede to many, and euen ſhortly after the making therof, when the fyrſt inqueſt for inquirie of the offenders of the ſame Statute,An inqueſt of inquitie. ſate in London at the Mercers Chappell, thoſe that were of that inqueſt were ſo choſen forth for the purpoſe, as there was not one amongeſt them, that wiſhed not to haue the ſayde Statute put in execution to the vttermoſt, inſomuche that they were not contented onely to inquire of thoſe that offended in the ſixe Articles conteyned in that Statute, but alſo they deuiſed to inquyre of certayne braunches, (as they tooke the matter) belonging to the ſame, as of thoſe that came ſeldome to heare Maſſe, that helde not vp theyr handes at the ſacryng tyme, who tooke no holy breade, nor holy water, who vſed to reade the Byble in Churches, or in communication ſeemed to deſpiſe prieſtes, or Images in the Church. &c.

To conclude, they enquyred ſo diligently of them that had ſo offended in any of thoſe Articles, or the braunches, that they indyted and preſented of ſuſpition, to the number of fiue hundred perſons and aboue, ſo that if the King had not graunted his pardon, for that he was informed by the Lorde Audley then Lorde Chauncellour, that they were indyted of malice, a great meyny of them, which alreadie were in Priſon, had died for it in Smythfielde, in frying a Fagot. But although the king at that preſent graunted hys gracious pardon, and forgaue all thoſe offences, yet afterwardes,The extreme proceeding in mention of the ſix alticles. during the tyme that this Statute ſtoode in force, whiche was for the ſpace of eight yeares enſuyng they brought many an honeſt and ſimple perſon to death. For ſuche was the rygour of that lawe, that if two witneſſes true or falſe had accuſed any, and aduouched that they had ſpoken agaynſt the Sacrament, there was no way but death, for it booted him not to confeſſe that hys fayth was contrarie, or that he ſayde not as the accuſers reported, for the witneſſes for the moſt part were belieued.

The king being informed that the Pope by inſtigation of Cardinall Poole,Pro[...]ſ[...] for [...]ence of the crime. had moued and ſtirred dyuerſe great Princes and potentates of Chriſtendom to inuade the Realme of England, without all delay road himſelfe towarde the Sea coaſtes, and ſent diuerſe of his Nobles and counſaylers to ſuruey all the portes and places of daunger on the coaſtes, where any meete and conuenient landing place might be doubted, as well on the borders of Englande, as alſo of Wales, in which daungerous places, he cauſed Bulwarkes and fortes to be erected, and further hee cauſed the Lorde Admirall Erle of Southampton to prepare in a readineſſe his nauie of ſhippes for defence of the coaſtes.

Beſide this, he ſent forth Commiſſions to haue generall muſters taken through the realme, to vnderſtande what number of able men hee might make account of, and further to haue the armure and weapons ſeene, and viewed. Sir William Forman knight at that preſent Maior of Lōdon, was cōmaunded to certifie the names of all the able men within the Citie and liberties thereof, betwene the ages of .lx. and .xvj. with the nūber of armors & weapons of all kinds of ſorts. Whervpon the ſaid Maior & his brethren ech one in his ward, by the othes of the cōmon counſail & coneſtable, tooke the nūber of men, armor, & weapons, & after wel cōſidering of the matter by view of their bookes, they thought it not expediēt to admit the whole nūber certified for apt & able men, and therefore aſſembling themſelues againe, they choſe forth the moſt able perſons, & put by the reſidue, ſpecially ſuch as had no armor, nor for whō any could be prouided: but when they were credibly aduertiſed by Th. Crōwell L. priuie ſeale (to whom the Citie was greatly beholden) that the K. himſelf would ſee the people of the citie muſter in a conuenient number, and not to ſet forth all theyr power, but to leaue ſome at home to keepe the Citie: then eftſoones euery Alderman repayred to his warde, and there put aſide all ſuche as had Iackes, coates of plate, of Mayle, and Brigandines, and appoynted none but ſuche as had white armor,Preparation in London for a muſter to be made and ſhewed before the king. except ſuch as ſhould beare Moriſh Pykes, which ware no armour but ſkulles, and there was no ſtraunger (although he were a deniſine) permytted to be in this muſter.

Euery man being of any abilitie, prouided himſelfe a coate of white ſilke, and garniſhed theyr Baſſenets with turnes, lyke cappes of ſilke, ſet with Owches, furniſhed with chaynes of golde, and feathers, or cauſed theyr armour to be gylt, and lykewiſe theyr Halberdes and Pollaxes.

Some and eſpecially certaine Goldſmythes, had theyr whole armour of ſiluer Bullion. The Lorde Maior, the Recorder, the Aldermen, and euery other officer beſyde were gorgeouſly trymmed, as for their degrees was thought ſeemely. The Lord Maior had ſixtene tall fellowes a foot attending on him with gilt halberts, apparayled in white ſilke dublets, & their hoſe and ſh[...]es were likewiſe white, cut after the Almaine guiſe, poū ced and pulled out with red farcence. Their Ierkins were of white leather cut, and chaynes about their necks, with feathers and brouches in theyr caps. The Recorder & euery Aldermā had about him four halberders trimmed alſo in warlike ſort. The chāberlain of the citie, the coūſellors & Aldermēs deputies were apointed to be wiſlers on horſback, which aloft on their armor ware white damaſk cotes mounted on good horſes wel trapped, with great chaynes about their neckes, and proper Iauelins or Battelaxes in their handes, and caps of veluet richly trimmed.

The Wiſlers on foote being in number foure hundred proper light perſons, were clad in white Ierkins of leather cut, with white hoſe & ſhooes, euery man with a Iauelin or ſlaughſworde in his hands, to keepe the people in array. They had Chaynes aboute theyr neckes, and feathers in theyr cappes. The Minſtrels were in white, with the armes of the Citie, and ſo was euery other perſon at this muſter without any diuerſitie, the Lorde Maior, Recorder, and Aldermen, onely excepted, who had Croſſes of Veluet or Satyn pirled with golde. The ſtandart bearers were the talleſt men of euery warde, for whome were made .xxx. new ſtandarts of the deuiſe of the Citie, beſide baners. Euery Alderman muſtred hys own ward in the fields, to ſee that euery mā were in furniture prouided as was requiſite.

The .viij. of May beeing the day appoynted for to ſhew themſelues before the king, euery Alderman in order of battayle, with thoſe of hys warde, came into the fieldes at Mile ende, and then all the Gunners ſeuered themſelues into one place, the Pykes into an other, and the Archers into an other, and likewiſe the Bylmen, and there caſt themſelues in Kings, and other fourmes of battayle, whiche was a beautifull ſight to beholde, for all the fieldes from whyte Chapell, to Mile ende, and from Bednal greene to Ratcliffe and Stepney, were all couered wyth armour, men, and weapons, and eſpecially the battayle of Pykes ſeemed to bee as it had beene a great Forreſt. Then was euery part deuyded into three battayles, a forewarde, a middlewarde, and a rerewarde.

The order of the Londoners in their muſters.About .viij. of the clocke, marched forwarde the light peeces of ord[...]nance, with ſtone & powder. After them followed the Drummes and Fyfes, and immediately after them a guydon of the armes of the Citie. Then followed maiſter Sadler Captaine of the Gunners, on horſebacke armed, and in a coate of Veluet, with a chaine of gold, and foure Halberders about him apparayled as before is recited. Then followed the Gunners foure in a ranke, euery one going fiue foot in ſunder, which ſhot altogither in diuerſe places verie liuely,The king taketh view of the Londoners in their muſters. and in eſpecially before the kings maieſty, which at that time ſate in his new gate houſe at his palayce of Weſtminſter, where he viewed all the whole companie. In like maner paſſed the other companies of all the three battailes in good and ſeemely order. The foremoſt Captaine at .ix. of the clocke in the morning, by the little canduit came and entred into Paules church yard, & from thence directly to Weſtminſter, and ſo through the Sanctuary, and round about the parke of S. Iames, and vp into the fielde, comming home through Holborne, and as the firſt captain entred againe to the little cunduite, the laſt of the muſter entred Paules Church yard, which was then about foure of the clocke in the after noone.The nūber of Londoners in this muſters. The number beſide the Wiſlers, and of other wayters was .xv. thouſand.

This yeare the .xvj. of September came to London, Duke Fredericke of Bauiere,The Palſgraue and other ſtraungers come ouer into England. the Palſgraue of the Rhine, and the .xviij. of the ſame Moneth, came to London the Marſhal of Hans Fredericke Prince elector of Saxonie, and the Chauncellor of William Duke of Cleue, Gulick, Gelderland, and Berghen.

The Palſgraue was receyued and conducted to Wyndſore by the Duke of Suffolke, and the other were accompanied with other noble men, and the .xxiij. of the ſame moneth they all came to Windſore, where eight dayes togither they were continually feaſted, & had paſtime ſhewed them, in hunting and other pleaſures, ſo muche as might be.

The Palſgraue ſhortly after departed homewardes, and was Princely rewarded,The mariage concluded betwixt king Henrie and the Ladie Anne of Cleue. and at that preſent was the mariage concluded betwixt the King and the Ladie Anne, ſiſter to Duke William of Cleue, and great preparation was made for the receyuing of hir.

The .xiiij. of Nouember, Hugh Feringdon Abbot of Reding, & .ij. prieſts, the one called Rug, and the other Onion, attainted of high treaſon, for denying the ſupremacie of the king ouer the Church of England, were drawne, hanged, and quartred at Reding. The ſame day was Richard Whiting Abbot of Glaſtenburie likewiſe hanged & quartred on tower hil beſide his monaſtery, for y^e ſame matter & other treaſons whereof he had bin cōuicted. The firſt of Decēber was Iohn Beche Abbot of Colcheſt put to death for y^e like offence.

In December were appointed to waite on the kings perſon fiftie gentlemen called Pencioners,Pencioners inſtituted. or ſpeares, vnto whō was aſſigned the ſumme of fiftie poundes yearly a peece, for the maintenance of themſelues, and two horſes, or one horſe and a geiding of ſeruice.

The .xj. day of December at the turne pyke on this ſyde Graueling, was the Ladie Anne of Cleue receiued by the Lord Deputie of the towne of Calais, and with the Speares and horſemen belonging to the retinue there.

When ſhee came within little more than a myle of the towne of Calais, ſhe was met by the Erle of Southampton high Admiral of Englād, who had in his companie .xxx. gentlemen of the Kings houſeholde, as ſir Fraunces Brian, ſir Thomas Seymer, and others, beſide a greate number of Gentlemen of his owne retinue clad in blewe Veluet, and Crimoſyn Satyn, and hys yeomen in Damaſhe of the ſerue colonies.

The Mariners of his ſhippe were apparetled in Saten of Bridges, coates and ſtoppes of the ſame colour. The Lord Admirall brought hir into Calais by the Lanternegate.The lady Anne of Cleue receiued into Calays. There was ſuch a peale of ordinaunce ſha[...] off at hir entrie, as was marueylous to the hearers. The Maior preſented hir with an [...] Marches in gal[...], the Marchants of the Staple with an hundred ſoueraignes of golde in a rich purſes. She was lodged in the kings place called the Chea[...]er, and there ſhe lay fiftene dayes for want of proſperous winde.

During which time, goodly iuſtes and coſtly bankets were made to hir, for hir ſolace and recreation. And on Saint Iohns day in Chriſtmaſſe, [...]e hadeth in [...]. ſhee with fiftie ſayle tooke paſſage aboute Noone, and landed at Dole in the Downes about fiue of the clock, where ſir Thomas Cheyne lord Warden of the portes receyued hir. She caryed there a certaine ſpace in a Caſtell newly buylt, and thither came the Duke of Suffolke, and the duches of Suffolke, and the Biſhop of Chicheſter with a great number of Knyghtes and Eſquiers, and Ladies of Kent & other, which welcomed hir grace, & brought hir that night vnto Douer Caſtell, where ſhe reſted til Monday, on which day notwithſtāding it was very foule & ſtormy weather, ſhe paſſed towards Cāterburie, & on Bar[...] downe, met hir the Archb. of Cant. with the Biſhops of Elie, S. Aſſe. S. Paules, & Douer, and ſo brought hir to S. Auſtens without Canterburie, where ſhe lay y^t night. The next day ſhe came to Sittingborne, and lay there that night. As ſhe paſſed towards Rocheſter on Newyeares euen, on Reynam downe met hir the duke of Norffolk and the Lord Dacre of the South, and the Lord Montioy, with a great companie of knights, and eſquiers of Norffolk and Suffolke, with the Barons of the Eſchequer which brought hir to Rocheſter, where ſhee lay in the Palayce all New-yeares day.1540 On which day, the king (longing to ſee hir) accompanied with no more but .viij. perſons of his priuie chamber, both he and they all apparayled in Marble coates,The king commeth to ſee hir at Rocheſter. priuily comming to Rocheſter, ſodenly came to hir preſence, wherof at the firſt ſhe was ſomwhat aſtonied, but after hee had ſpoken to hir and welcomed hir, ſhee with louing countenance and gracious behauior him receyued, and welcomed him on hir knees, whom he gently tooke vp and kiſſed, and all that after noone comuned and deuiſed with hir, ſupped that night with hir, and the next day he departed to Greenewich, and ſhee came forwarde to Dartford.

On the Morrow the thirde of Ianuarie being Saterday, in a fayre plaine on Blackheath, more neare to the foot of Shooters hill, than the aſcenden[...] of the ſame, called Blackheath but was [...] of rich [...] of gold, [...] and pauilions, in which were made fierce and perfumes for hir [...] ſuche Ladies as w[...] appointed to [...] hir, and from the tents to the [...] of Gre[...]wich,The order of receyuing hir on Blackhea[...]. all the [...] and [...], and a large [...] waye made for the [...] of all perſons and [...] to the Par[...]e pale on the Eaſt ſide, ſtoode the Marchants of the [...] on the weſt ſide ſtood the Marchants of Ge[...], Florence, and [...]es. and the Spaniards, in [...] of [...] [...] the way ſtoode [...] Marchantes of the Citie of London, and the Aldermen, with their [...] of the ſayde Citie, to the number of [...] which vnto mingled with the Eſquiere then the [...] Pen[...]ioners, and al thoſe were [...] in [...] & chaynes of gold, truly accounted to the nūber of xij.C. & aboue beſyde them that name with the king & hir [...] hi[...] [...]were [...] C. in veluet cotes and chaines of gold. Behind the gentleman ſtood [...] men in good order wel for[...] apparel[...] that whoſoeuer had well viewed the might haue ſaid, that they fortal and comly perſonages, & [...] of [...], were able to giue the greateſt priuie in chriſtendome a mortal break[...]faſt, if he had bin the kings enimie. About .xij. of the clock, hir grace with al the companie which were of hir [...], to the number of an .C. horſe, accompanied with the dukes of Norffolke & Suffolke, the Archb. of Cant. and other Biſhops, Lordes, & knightes, which had receyued & conueyed hir, came downe Shooters hill towards the tēts, & a good ſpace frō the tents [...]t hir the Erle of Rutland, appointed L. Chamberlaine to hir grace, ſir Th. Deniſe, ſir Chauncellor, and al hir counſailers & officers, amongeſt whom doctor [...] appointed to be hir Hanouer, made to hir an eloquent oration in [...] to hir on the kings behalf al the officers and ſeruāts, which oratiō was anſwered with by the duke [...] brothers ſecretary,The Ladies that receiued [...] on Blackheath. there being preſent which [...] the Lady Margaret Douglas Daughter to the Q. of Scots, the lady Marques Dorcet, daughter to the French O. being [...]es to the K. the duches of Richmont, the counteſſes of Rutlande & Hereford, with diuerſe other ladies & gentle [...] to the nūber of lxv. ſalute[...] & welcomed hir grace who elighted out of hir [...] the which ſhee had rid al hir long iourney, and with courteous demeanor and louing countenaunce, gaue to thē harty thāks, & kiſſed thē [...] coūſailers & officers kiſſed hir hād, [...] ſhe with al the ladies entred the tents, and there warmed them a ſpace. When the king knewe that ſhe was arryued in hir Tent, he with all diligence ſet oute through the Parke. And firſt iſſued the Kings Trumpets, then the Kings officers ſworne of his Counſayle, next after came the Gentlemen of his priuie Chamber, after them followed Barons, the yongeſt fyrſt, and ſir William Hollis Lorde Maior of London, rode with the Lorde Par that was the yongeſt Baron. Then followed the Biſhoppes, and immediately after them the Earles, and then the Duke of Ba[...]re, and Countie Palatine of the Rhyne, wyth the liuerey of the Toyſon or golden ſtreet about his necke.

Then came the Ambaſſadours of the French king and Emperour, next to whome followed the Lorde prime Seale Lorde Cromwell, and the Lorde Cha[...] [...], then [...]ar[...] King at armes, and the other officers and Sergeantes of armes, gaue their attendaunce on eche ſide the Lordes. The Lorde Marques Dorſet, bare the ſword of eſtate, and after him a good diſtance folowed the Kings highneſſe, mounted on a goodly Courſer.

To ſpeake of the riche and gorgeous apparell that was there to bee ſeene that daye, I haue thought it not greatly neceſſarie, ſithe eche man may well thinke it was right ſumptuous, and as the time then ſerued, very fayre and coſtly, as they that are deſirous to vnderſtande the ſame maye reade in Maiſter Halles Chronicle, more at large, which in this part I haue thought good to abridge.

After the King, followed the Lord Chamberlayne, then came ſir Anthonie Browne maiſter of his horſe, a goodly gentleman, and of perſonage very ſeemely, richly mounted, and leading the kings horſe of eſtate by a long reyne of Gold. Then followed his Pages of honour ryding on great Courſers, and laſtly followed ſir Anthony Wingfielde Captaine of the Garde, and then the Garde well horſed, and in their rich coates.

In this order roade the king till hee came to the laſt ende of the ranke of the Pencioners, and there euery perſon that came with him placed him ſelfe on the one ſyde or the other, the King ſtanding in the middeſt.

When hir Grace vnderſtoode that the King was come, ſhe came forth of hir Tent, and at the doore thereof being ſet on a fayre and beautifull horſe richly trapped, road forth towards the king, who perceyuing hir to approch, came forwarde ſomewhat beyonde the Croſſe on Blackheath, and there ſtayed tyll ſhee came nearer, and then putting of his cap, he made forwarde to hir, and with moſt louing countenance and princely behauiour,The meeting of the king & the lady Anne of Cleue on Blackheath. ſaluted, welcomed and imbraced hir, to the great reioyſing of the beholders, and the likewiſe not forgetting hir dutie, with moſt amiable aſpect and womanly behauior, receiued him with many apt wordes and thankes, as was moſt to purpoſe. Whileſt they were thus talking togyther, the 50. Pencioners with the gard departed to furniſh the hall at Greenwich.

After the king had talked with his armie while he put hir on his right hād, and ſo wiſh their footmen they road togither, and with then comp[...]es being thus [...]t, returned in this maner through the rankes of the knightes and Eſquiers (which ſtood ſtill all this while and remoued not.)

Firſt hir Trumpet ſee forwarde being .xij. in number, beſide two [...] drummes on horſeback. Then followed the Kings Trumpellers, then the Kings Counſaylers, then the Gentlemen of the prince Chamber, after them the Gentlemen of hir Graces Countrey in coates of Velue[...], and all on great horſes. Then the Maior of London with the yongeſt baron, then all the Barons: next them the Biſhops, then the Erles, with whō road the Earles of Ouerſteyne, and Wal[...]er hir Countrymen, then the dukes of Norffolke and Suffolk, and the Archbiſhop of Canterbury, and duke Philip of Bauier: next folowed the Ambaſſadors, then the Lorde priuie ſeale, and the Lorde Chancellor, then the Lord Marques Dorcet that bare the ſword, next folowed the king himſelfe equally riding with the Lady Anne, and behinde hir roade ſir Anthonie Browne with the Kings horſe of eſtate as ye haue hearde, and behinde him road ſir Iohn Dudley maiſter of hir horſes, leading hir ſpare horſe trapped in rich tiſſue down to the ground. After them followed Heuxmen, and pages of honor. Then followed the Lady Margaret Dowglas, the Lady Marques Dorcet, the ducheſſes of Richmont & Suffolke, the counteſſes of Rutland & Hertford, and other coūteſſes. Thē came hir chariot in which ſhe had rid all hir iourney wel carued & gylt with the armes of hir coū try curiouſly wrought and couered with cloth of gold, al the horſes were trapped with blacke veluet, and on them roade pages of honor, in which chariot rode two ancient Ladies of hir countrey, next after the chariot, folowed ſix ladies & gentlewomen of hir countrey very beautiful and richly apparelled, & with them roade ſix ladies of Englande. Then folowed an other chariot, gilt & furniſhed like to the other, & then came .x. Engliſhe Ladies, & next thē an other chariot couered wyth black cloth, & therin rode foure gentlewomen that were hir chamberers. Then folowed all the remnant of the Ladies, gentlewomen & damoſels in great nūber: and laſt of all came an other chariot al blacke, with three laūders apperteyning to hir grace, next after followed an borſlitter of cloth of glold and crimoſen veluet vpō veluet paled, with horſes trapt accordingly, which the king had ſent to hir. Thē folowed the ſeruingmē of hir train, all clothed in black, moūted on great horſes.

In this order they road through the rankes and through the Parke, till they came at the late Friers wall, where all menne alighted excepte the King, the two maſters of hir horſe, and the Heurmen, whiche rode to the Hall dore, and the Ladyes rode to the Court gate, and as they paſſed, they might beholde on the Wharfe how the Citizens of London were rowing vp and downe on the Thomas righte before them, euery crafte with his Borge garniſhed with baners, flagges, ſtreamers, pancels, and targets painted and beaten with the kings armes, ſome with hir armes, and ſome with y^e armes of their craft & miſtarie.

There was alſo a Barge called the Batchelers barke, richly deched, on the which wayted a [...]ſt that ſhot greate peeres of artillerie, and in euerye Barge was great ſtore of inſtruments, of diuers ſorts and men and children ſinging and playing altogither, as the K. and the Lady Anne poſſed by on the Wharfe. When the K. and ſhe were within the vtter court, they alighted from theyr horſes,The King [...]eth [...] Greene [...]he. and the K. louingly embraſed hir, kyſſed hir, and bade hir welcome to hir owne, leadyng hir by the left arme through the Hall, which was furniſhed beneath the harth with the garde, and aboue the harth with the fiftie pencioners, with their battaile axes, and ſo the King broughts hir vp to hir priuie chamber, where hee lefte hir for that time. Aſſoone as the K. and ſhe were en[...]red the Court, was ſhot off frō the Tower of Grenewich, and there about, a great peale of artillerie.

When the Kinges companye and hirs were once come within the Parke (as before yee haue heard) then all the Horſemen on Blacke heathe brake their aray, and hadde licence to depart to London or otherwhere to their lodgings.

The mariage [...] ſolemniſed betwixte King [...]y, and the Lady Anne of C[...]e.On the Tewſday following, being the daye of the Epiphany, the mariage was ſolemniſed betwixt the K. and the ſaid Lady. She was fetched from hir chamber by the Lords, ſo that ſhee going betweene the Earle of Ouerſteyne, and the graund maſter Hoſconder, which had the cō duit, and order to ſee the mariage performed, ſhe paſſed through the Kings chamber, al the Lords before hir, til ſhe came into the galerie, where the K. was ready, ſtaying for hir, to whome ſhee made three low obeiſances and courteſies. Then the Archb. of Canterbury receiued thē, and maried them togither, and the Earle of Ouerſteine did giue hir. When the mariage was celebrate, they went hande in hande into the kings cloſet, and there hearing Maſſe, offered their tapers, and after Maſſe was ended, they had wine and ſpices. And that done, the K. departed to his chamber, and al y^e Ladyes waited on hir to hir chamber, the D. of Norffolke goyng on hir rights hande, and the D. of Suffolke on hir left hande.

After nine of the clocke, the K. hauing ſhifted his apparell, came to his cloſet, and ſhee likewiſe in hir heare, and in y^e ſame apparell ſhe was maried in, came to hir cloſet with hir Sergeant at armes, and all hir officers before hir like a Q. and ſo the K. and ſhe went openly in proceſſion, and offered and dined togither. After they hadde ſupped togither, there were bankers and Maſkes and diuers diſportes ſhewed, till time came, that it pleaſed the King and hir to take reſt. On the Sunday after,Iuſtes. were kept ſolemne Iuſtes which greatly contented the ſtrangers. This daye ſhee was apparelled after the Engliſh manner, with a french head, which became hir exceedyng well.

When the Erle of Ouerſſeine and the other Lordes and Ladyes whiche had giuen their attendance on hir grace all that iourney, had be[...]e highly feaſted and enterteyned of the K. and other of the nobles, they tooke leaue, and had great giftes giuen to them, both in money and plate, and ſo returned towarde their countrey, leauyng behind them the Earle of Waldecke, and dyuers Gentlemen and damoſels to remaine with hir, til ſhe were better acquainted in the realme.

The fourth of February, the King and ſhe remoued to Weſtminſter by water on whom, the L. Maior and his breethren, and twelue of the chiefe companies of the Citie, al in Barges gorgeouſly garniſhed with baners, penons, and targets, richly couered, and furniſhed with inſtruments, ſweetely ſounding, gaue their attendāce, and by the way, all the ſhippes ſhot off, and likewiſe from the Tower, a great peale of ordināce wente off iuſtely. The twelfth of February,The Duke of Norffolke Ambaſſador into France. the D. of Norffolke was ſente in Ambaſſade to the french K. of whom he was wel enterteined, and in the ende of the ſame moneth, hee returned again into England.

The third ſonday in Lēt,Doctor Barnes one doctor Barnes preached at Poules Croſſe, and in his ſermon enueyghed againſte the B. of Wincheſter, for doctrine by him preached in the ſame place, the firſt ſonday of that Lent, intreating of iuſtification. Among other taunts that Barnes vttered againſte the B. this was one, that if hee and the B. wer both at Rome, he knew y^e great ſummes of money woulde not ſaue his life, where but for the Byſhop, there was no great feare, but ſmall entreatance would ſerue. The B. offended herewith, compleyned to the K. of Barnes, and had him examined, and at length, by the kings commaundement, hee came to the Biſhoppes houſe, where the matter was ſo handled at this tyme y^e Barnes, with two other Preachers, the one named Hierome, and the other Garret (of whome hereafter more ſhall be ſaide) were appoynted to Preache at S. Mary Spittle by London in the Eaſter weeke. In that ſermon whiche Barnes made before all the people, he aſked the Byſhop forgiueneſſe, for ſpeaking ſo vnreuerently of him in his former Sermon, and he required the B. if he did forgiue him in token thereof to hold vp his hand, which like as it was long before he did, ſo as many thought afterwards, it was but a feigned forgiueneſſe. The twelfth of Aprill, began a Parliamente, and Sir Nicholas Hare was reſtored to the office of ſpeaker,Sir Iohn Shelton, Sir Nicholas Hare, Sir Humfrey Browne. who togither with ſir Humfrey Browne Knight, and Wil. Cogneſby Eſquier, the three and twentith of February laſt paſt, had bin called before the Lords into to the Starre Chamber, for being of counſell w^t ſir Iohn Shelton knight, in making a fraudulēt wil of his lands, to the hinderance of the Kings prerogatiue, and contrary to the ſtatute of anno 27. for the which offence, they were at that tyme diſmiſſed of their offices and ſeruices to the king, and the two knights were immediately ſent to y^e Tower, and a three dayes after, Cogneſby was committed thither alſo. They remained there in warde about ten dayes, and were then deliuered. Sir Humfrey Browne was the kings ſerieaunt at law, ſir Nicholas Hare was one of the kings counſellors, and ſpeaker of the Parliament, who being then depriued, was now againe thereto reſtored. Wil. Cogneſby was attorney of y^e Duchie of Lancaſter. In this Parliament, wer freely granted without contradictions, foure fiftenes and a ſubſedie of two ſhillings of lāds, & twelue pence of goodes, toward the kings great charges of making Bulwarkes.

The eyghtenth of Aprill at Weſtminſter, was Thomas Lorde Cromwell created Earle of Eſſex, and ordeyned great Chamberlayne of Englande, whiche office the Earles of Oxforde were wont euer to enioy.

An. reg. 32. The firſte of May, Sir Iohn Audeley, Sir Thomas Seymour, Sir George Carewe, Sir Thomas Poinings knightes, Rich. Cromwell, and Anthony Kingſton Eſquiers,Iuſtes. enterpriſed a royall Iuſtes, Torney, and barriers. The Iuſts beganne the firſt of May: the ſecond of May, the ſayde Richard Cromwell, and Anthony Kingſton were made Knightes. The Torney began the third day, and the barriers the fifth of y^e ſame moneth, whiche chalenge they valiantly performed againſt al commers: and at Dur[...]me place they kept open houſholde, feaſting the King, the Q and all the Lords. Beſide this, on Tewſday in the rogation weeke, they feaſted all y^e knights and burgeſſes of the common houſe, and the morow after, they had the Maior, the Aldermen, and all their wiues to dinner, and on the Friday after, they brake vp houſhold. In the Parliamente which began the eightenth of Aprill laſt paſt, the religion of S. Iohns in Englande, commonly called the order of Knightes of the Rodes,The order of the Roades diſsolued. was diſſolued, and on the aſcentiō day, being the fifth of May, ſir Wil. Weſton Knight, prior of S. Iohns departed this life for thought as was reported which he tooke to heart, after hee heard of that diſſolution of his order.

The ſame moneth were ſente to the Tower Doctor Sampſon, Biſhoppe of Chicheſter,The Byſhop of Chicheſter, and Doctor Wil[...] committed to the Tower. and Doctor Wilſon, for relieuing of certayne trayterous perſons: and for the ſame offence, was one Richard Farmer, a grocer of London, a rich and welthie man, and of good eſtimatiō in the Citie, committed to the Marſhall See, and after at Weſtminſter Hall arreigned, and atteynted in the premunire, ſo that be loſt all his goodes.

The ninetenth of Iuly, Tho. L. Cromwell,The Lorde Cromwell committed the Tower. late made Earle of Eſſex, as in the laſt yeare yee may reade, beeing nowe in the counſel chamber, was ſuddainely apprehended, & committed to y^e Tower of London, which his miſfortune many lamented, but mo reioiced thereat, ſpecially ſuche as either had bin religious men, or fauoured thē. The ninetenth of Iuly, he was by Parliamente atteinted, & neuer came to his aunſwere,He is [...] by Parliament and [...] both of hereſie & high treaſon, as in y^e record it appeareth.

The .28. day of Iuly, hee was brought to the ſcaffold on the Tower hill, where he ſpake theſe words following. I am come hither to die, and not to purge my ſelfe as may happen, ſome think y^t I will, for if I ſhoulde ſo doe, I were a verye wretch and miſer. I am by the law condemned to die, and thanke my L. God, that hath appointed me this death for mine offence, for ſithēce the time y^t I came to yeares of diſcretion, I haue lyued a ſinner, and offended my L. God, for y^e whiche I aſke him hartily forgiuenes. And it is not vnknowen to manye of you, that I haue bene a great traueyler in the worlde, and being but of a baſe degree, was called to high eſtate, and ſithēce the time I came therevnto, I haue offended my prince, for the which I aſke him hartily forgiueneſſe, and beſech you al to pray to God with me, that he wil forgiue me, O father forgiue me, O ſonne forgiue me, O holy Ghoſt forgiue me, O three perſons in one God forgiue me, and nowe I pray you that be here, to beare me recorde, I die in the Catholike faith, not doubting in anye article of my faith, no nor doubting in any ſacrament of the church. Many haue ſtandred me, and reported that I haue bin a bearer of ſuch as haue mainteined euil opinions, which is vntrue, but I confeſſe, y^e like as God by his holy ſpirite doth inſtruct vs in the truth, ſo the deuil is ready to ſeduce vs, and I haue bin ſeduced: but beare me witneſſe, that I die in the Catholike faith of the holy Churche, and I hartily deſire you to pray for the kings grace, that hee may long liue with you in health and proſperitie, and after him that his ſonne prince Edward, that goodly impe may long raigne ouer you. And once againe, I deſire you to pray for me, that ſo long as life remaineth in this fleſhe. I wauer nothing in my faith. And then made he his prayer, which was long, but not ſo long as godly and learned, and after committed his ſoule to the hands of God & ſo patiently ſuffered the ſtroke of the axe, by a ragged and butcherly miſer, which euil fauouredly performed the office. This man beeyng borne in Putney, a village in Surrey by the Thaimes ſide, four miles diſtant from London, was ſonne to a Smith, after whoſe deceaſſe, hys mother was maried to a Shereman: but notw^t ſtanding, the baſeneſſe of his birth and lacke of maintenance was at the beginning (as it happeneth to many other) a great let and hinderance for vertue to ſhew hir ſelfe, yet through a ſingular excellencie of wit ioined with an induſtrious diligence of mind, and bely of knowledge, gathered by painefull trauaile, and marking the courſes of ſtates and gouernements as wel of his natiue countrey at home, as in foraine parties abroade, hee grewe to ſuche a ſufficient ripeneſſe of vnderſtāding & ſkill, in ordering of weightie affaires, that hee was thought apt and fitte to anye roomth or office wherevnto hee ſhould be admitted, which being apperteined of the Cardinall of Yorke Wolfey, he tooke him to his ſeruice, and making him his ſolicitor, imployd him aboute buſines oftentimes of moſt importance, wherein he acquit himſelfe with ſuche dexteritie, as aunſwered alwayes the credite committed to hym. After the Cardinals fall, he was aduanced to y^e Kings ſeruice, behauing himſelfe ſo aduiſedly in matters whiche hee tooke in hande, that within a ſmall time hee roſe to high authoritie, and was admitted to bee of the priuie Counſell, bearyng moſt rule of all other vnder the king, as partely ye haue hearde, ſo that by him it well appeared, that the excellencie of beroy call vertues, whyche aduance menne to fame and honour, reſteth not only in birth and bloud, as a priuilege appropriate, and all onely annexed to noble houſes, but remaineth at the diſpoſition of the Almightye God, the giuer and diſpoſer of all giftes, who reyſeth the poore many times from the baſeſt degre, and ſetteth him vp with Printes.

Neuertheleſſe, concerning the Lorde Cromwell Earle of Eſſex, if we ſhal conſider his comming vp to ſuch high degree of honor as hee atteined vnto, wee maye doubte whether there bee cauſe more to maruell at his good fortune, or at his worthy and induſtrious demeanor. But ſith in the Booke of actes and monuments yee maye find a ſufficient diſcourſe hereof, we neede not to ſpende more time aboute it, ſaue only as maiſter Foxe hathe truely noted, ſuch was his actiuitie & forward ripeneſſe of nature, ſo ready and pregnant of wit, ſo diſcrete and wel aduiſed in iudgement, ſo eloquent of [...]ong, ſo faithfull and diligēt in ſeruice, of ſuche an incomparable memorie, ſo bold of ſtomacke and hardie, and coulde doe ſo wel with his penne, that being conuerſant in the ſight of men, he could not long continue vneſpyed, nor yet vnprouided of fauour & help of friēds, to ſet him forward in place and office. Thākeful he was and liberall, not forgetting benefites receiued, as by his great courteſie ſhewed to Friſcobald the Italian, it well appeared: a fauourer of the poore in their ſutes, and readye to relieue them that were in daunger to bee oppreſſed by their mightie aduerſaries: a fauourer to y^e Goſpel, and an enimie to y^e pride of Prelates, very ſhout, and not able well to put vp iniuries, which wan him ſhrewde enimies, that ceaſſed not (as was thoughte) to ſeeke his ouerthrowe, till at length they had broght it to paſſe as they wiſhed. Carefull he was for his ſeruants, and ready to doe thē good, ſo that fearing the thing whiche came to paſſe, he prouided wel for the more part of them, notwithſtanding his fall. And thus much for the Lord Cromwell. The morrowe after M[...] ſomer day, the K. cauſed the Queene to remoue to Richmonde, purpoſing it to bee more for hir health, and more for hir pleaſure: but the ſixth of Iuly, certaine Lordes came downe into thē nether houſe, and expreſſely declared cauſes,The marriage betwixt the King and the Lady Anne of Cleue, adiu[...] ged vnlawfull. for the which, the mariage was not to be taken lawfull: and in concluſion, the matter was by the co[...]nocation cleerely determined, that the King might lawfully marrie where he would, and ſo mighte ſhe. And thus were they clearely diuorſed, and by the Parliament it was enacted, that ſhee ſhoulde bee taken no more for Q. but called the Ladye Anne of Cleue. In this yeare, the L. Leonard Gray, brother to Tho. Marques Dorſet, beyng the kings Lieutenant in Ireland,The Lorde Leonard Grey committed to the tower. The prince of Sa[...]erne. was reuoked home, and vpon his comming to London, was ſent to the Tower. In Iuly, the Prince of Salerne, & the L. Lois Dauola came into England to ſee the K. and after they were departed, Don Frederike, Marques of Padula, brother to the D. of Ferrara, the Prince of Macedonie, the Marques of Terra Noua, and Monſ. de Flagy, with other, came from the Emperors court into England to ſee the King, the whiche on Marye Magdalens daye came to the Courte at Weſtminſter, & after they had bene highly feaſted, and nobly enterteined they were highly rewarded as the other, and ſo departed. The .xxviij. of Iulye as you haue heard before, the Lorde Cromwell was beheaded, and likewiſe with him the Lorde Hungerford of Heyteſburye, who at the houre of his deathe ſeemed vnquyet as many iudged hym rather in a frenzie than otherwiſe: hee ſuffered for buggerie. The thirtith of Iuly were drawen on hurdles from the Towre to Smithfield, Robert Barnes doctor of Diuinitie, Thomas Garard, & William Ierom bachelers in diuinitie. Ierome was vicar of Stepney, and Garard was perſon of Honylane, alſo Powell Fetherſton, and Abell prieſts. The firſte three were drawne to a ſtake, there before ſet vp, and were brent.Execution Barner, a[...] other. The other .iij. were drawne to the galowes, and hanged beheaded and quartred. The three firſt as is founde in their atteynder, were executed for diuers hereſies, but none alledged, whereat (ſayeth Hall) I haue muche meruayled, that their hereſies were ſo manie, and not one alledged as a ſpeciall cauſe of their death: and verily at their deathes they aſked the Sheriffes what was their offence for whiche they wer condemned? who anſwered, they could not tell: but moſt men ſayd it was for preaching againſt the doctrine of Stephen Gardiner biſhop of Wincheſter, who chiefly (as the ſame Hall ſayth) procured their deaths. The laſt .iij. to wit, Powel, Fetherſton and Abell ſuffred for treaſon, as in their atteinder was ſpecial mention made, to wit, for denying the kings ſupremacie, and affirming his marriage with the Lady Catherine Dowager to be good.

The .iiij. of Auguſt Thomas Empſam ſomtime a Monke of Weſtminſter whiche had bin in priſon for treaſon in Newgate nowe for the ſpace of .iij. yeares and more, came before the Iuſtices of Gaole deliuerie at Newgate, and for that he would not aſke the Kings pardon, nor bee ſworne to be true to hym, his Monkes garment was plucked from his backe, and he repriued till the king were enformed of his malicious obſtinacie:Thomas Empſam an obſtinate Monke. & this was the laſt Monke that was ſeene in his clothing in England till Queene Maries dayes. The .iiij. of Auguſte were drawen from the Tower of London vnto Tiborn Giles Heron Gentleman, Clemēt Philpot gentleman, late of Calais, and ſeruāt to the lorde Liſle, Darby Gennyng, Edmund Brindholm prieſt, chapleyne to the ſaide lorde Liſle, Williā Horne late a laye brother of the Charterhouſe of London, and an other offendour, which .vj. perſons were there hanged, & quartered, & had bin attainted of treaſō by parliament. The ſame daye alſo was one Charles Carow gentleman, hanged for robbing of the Lady Carow. The .8. of Auguſt was the Lady Katherin Howarde neece to the duke of Norfolke, & daughter to the lorde Edmūd Howard ſhewed openly as Queene at Hāpton courte.A death, and droughte. Stow. In y^e later end of this ſommer was vniuerſally through y^e moſt parts of this realme great death by a ſtrange kinde of hot agues & fluxes, & ſome peſtilēce, in whiche ſeaſon was ſuch a drought, y^e welles & ſmall riuers were clean dried vp, ſo that much cattel died for lack of water & the Thames was ſo ſhallow, and the freſhe water of ſo ſmall ſtrength, y^e the ſalt water flowed aboue London bridge, til the rain had increaſed the freſh waters.

On the .22. of September, Rafe Egerton ſeruant to the Lord Audley, lord Chancellor, & one Tho. Harman were drawne, hanged and quartered, y^e one for counterfaiting of y^e kings ſeale, in a ſignet, wherw^t he ſealed licences for denizens, vnder the name of the clerkes of y^e chancerie, and the other, y^t is to ſay Harman, for writing them.

In the ende of this yeare, the Frenche Kyng made a ſtrong Caſtel at Arde,Caſtel built [...]e. and alſo a bridge ouer into the Engliſhe pale, whiche bridge, the crew of Calais did beate downe, and the French men builte it vp agayne, and the Engliſh men beate it downe agayne. After this, the King ſente a fiftene C. workemen to fortifie the Towne of Guiſnes, [...]es for [...]. and ſente with them a fiue C. men of war to gard them. It was reported in Fraunce, that a mightie armye was come ouer forthe of Englād with great ordinance, which brute cauſed the Frenche K. to ſend to the fronters of Picardie, the D. of Vandoſme, and other captaines with all ſpeede to defend the ſame. The Kyng of Englande hearing thereof, [...] Earles of [...]ey and [...]hamp [...] [...]o [...]s. ſente the Earles of Surrey and Southhampton, and the Lorde Ruſſell, high Admiral, into the Marches of Calais, to ſet order there, and after them he lykewiſe ſent two C. light horſemē of y^e borders of Scotland, whome the Frenchmen called Stradiotes. The Lordes hauing ſet order in things, ſhortly returned. [...]ard Me [...] brent. Aboy, one Richarde Mekins, not paſt a fifteene yeres of age, was brent in Smithfield, for ſpeaking againſt the Sacramente, and contrary to the ſtatute of the ſixe articles.

The Byſhoppe of London was thoughte in great fault, for procuring that terrible executiō, ſeeing the yong fellowe was but an ignoraunce foole without learning, and gladly recanted that which he was charged with.

1541About the later ende of this yeare, Doctor Sampſon, Byſhoppe of Chicheſter, and Doctor Wilſon, whiche had bin committed to the Tower as before ye haue heard, were now pardoned of the King, had ſet againe at libertie.

An. reg. 33. A new rebel [...] practiſed in Yorkeſhire.In the beginning of this yeare, fiue prieſtes in Yorkeſhire began a newe rebellion, with the aſſente of one Leigh, a Gentleman, and nine temporall men, on which perſons were apprehended, and in diuers places put to execution. The layde Leigh, and [...] other, the one named Taterfall a clothyer, and the other Thorneton a yeoman, the ſeuententh of May, were drawen through London to Tiborne and there executed. And ſir Iohn Neuil knight, and ten other perſons, dyed,Sir Iohn N[...] uill executed. The counteſſe of Salisburie beheaded. for y^e ſame cauſe at Yorke. The ſame day, Margaret, Counteſſe of Saliſbury, that had remayned a long tyme priſoner in the Tower. was beheaded there within the Tower. She was the laſt of the right line and name of Plantagenet. The ninth of Iune for enſample ſake,Execution. two of the kings gard, the one named D[...]mport, and the other Chapman, were hanged at Greenewiche by the Friers wall, for robberies whiche they hadde committed. The Lord Leonard Gray, beeyng endited of certain points of treaſon by him committed as was alledged againſte him, during the ſeaſon that he was the kings Lieutenant in Irelande, to wite for deliuering his nephew Girald Fitz Garard, brother to Thomas Fitz Gararde before executed, and alſo for that hee cauſed certain Iriſhmen to inuade the lands of the Kings friendes, whome hee fauoured not, the fiue and twētith of Iune, he was araigned at Weſtminſter in the Kinges benche, and appoynted to bee tryed by knightes, bycauſe he was a L. by name; and no L. of the Parliament, but hee diſcharged the Iury, and confeſſed the enditemente, wherevpon he had iudgemente, and on the eyghte and twentith of Iune, being Saint Peters euen hee was beheaded at Tower hill,The Lorde Leonard Grey beheaded. where he ended his life very quietly and godly. This noble man as he was come of high lignage, ſo was he a ryghte valiant and hardy perſonage, hauing in his time done his Prince and countrey good ſeruice, both in Irelande, France, and other places, greatly to his commendation, although now his happe was thus to loſe his head.

The ſame day that he ſuffered, there were executed at S. Thomas Waterings three Gentlemen, Iohn Mantel, Iohn Frowds, and George Roydon.

They dyed for a murther committed in Suffer (as their [...]ement imported) in company of Thomas F[...]s, Lorde Da[...]s of the Sonthe▪ The truth where of was thus: the ſayde Lorde Dacres, through the lewds perſwaſion of ſoute of them, as hath ben reported, meaning to hunt in the Parke of Nicholas Pelham Eſquire at Langht a, in the ſame countie of Saſſex, beyng accompanyed with the ſayd Mantel, Frow[...] and R[...]on, Iohn Cheynte, and Thomas Iſley Gentlemen, Richarde Middleton, and Iohn [...]o[...]ell yeomen, paſſ[...] from his houſe of Hurſtmonſeux, the laſt of Aprill, in the night ſeaſon, towarde the ſame parke, where they intēded ſo to hunt, and comīg vnto a place called Pikehay in the pariſh of He[...]ing[...]y, they founde one Iohn Buforigge, Iames Buſbrigge, and Richard Sa[...]ner, ſtanding there togither and as it fell out through qua[...]ing, there enſurd[...] fray betwixte the ſayde Lorde Dacres, and hys company on the one partie, and the ſayde Iohn and Iames Buſbrigge, and Richard Somener on the other, in ſo muche, that the ſayde Iohn Buſbrigge receiued ſuch hurt, that he dyed thereof the ſecond of May next enſuing, wherevpon, as well the ſayde L. Dacres, as thoſe that were there with him, and diuers other likewiſe that were appointed to goe an other way, to meete them at the ſaid parke, were endited of murther, and the ſeauen and twentith of Iune, the Lorde Dacres himſelfe was araigned before the Lorde Audeley of Walden, then Lord Chancellor, ſitting that daye as high Stewarde of Englande, with other Peeces of the Realme aboute hym, who then and there condemned the ſayde Lorde Dacres to die for that tranſgreſſion, and afterwards, the nine and twentith of Iune, being S. Peters daye, at eleuen of the clocke in the forenoone the Sheriffes of London, accordingly as they were appointed, were ready at the Tower to haue receiued the ſaide priſoner, and hym to haue led to execution on the Tower hill, but as the priſoner ſhoulde come forthe of the Tower, one Heire, a Gentleman of the L. Chancellors houſe came, and in the Kings name, commaunded to ſtay the execution, till two of the clocke in the afternoone, whiche cauſed many to thynke, that the King would haue graunted his pardon. But neuertheleſſe, at three of the clocke in the ſame afternoone, he was brought forth of y^e Tower, and deliuered to the Sherifes, who led him a foote betwixt them vnto Tiborne, wher he dyed. His body was buryed in the Churche of S. Sepulchers: hee was not paſt four and twentie yeare of age, when he came thus through great miſhappe to his ende, for whome manye ſore lamented, and likewiſe for the other three Gentlemen, Mantell, Frowdes, and Roydon, but for the ſaid yong L. being a right towardly Gentleman, and ſuche a one, as many hadde conceyued greate hope of better proofe, no ſmall moane and lamentation was made, the more indeede, for that it was thought he was induced to attempt ſuch follie whiche occaſioned his deathe, by ſome light heads that were then about him.

The King goeth in progreſſe into Yorkeſhire.This Sommer, the King kept his progreſſe to Yorke, and paſſed through Lincolneſhire, where was made to him an humble ſubmiſſion by the Temporaltie, and confeſſing their faults, they humbly thanked him for his pardon, which he had graunted them.Giftes giuen to him by them of Lincolneſhire. The Towne of Stanford gaue to him twenty pound, the citie of Lincolne fortie pounde, Boſton fiftie pounde, that parte of the Shire whiche is called Linſey, gaue three C. pound and Keſterne and the Church of Lincolne preſented him with fiftie pound. At his entring into Yorkeſhire, hee was met with two hundred Gentlemen of the ſame ſhire, in coates of veluet, and foure M. tall yeomen and ſeruing menne well horſed, whiche on their knees made their ſubmiſſion, by the mouth of Sir Roberte Bowes, & gaue to the K. nine hundred pounde.Giftes giuen by them of Yorkeſhire. On Barneſdale, the Archb. of York, with three C. Prieſtes and more, met the K. and makyng a like ſubmiſſion, gaue to him ſixe C. pounde.

The like ſubmiſſion was made by the Maiors of Yorke, Newcaſtell, and Hull, and eache of them gaue to the King an hundred poundes.

After he had bin at Yorke twelue dayes, hee came to Hull,Hull fortify[...] where he deuiſed certayne fortifications. This done, he paſſed ouer the water of Humbre, and ſo through Lincolneſhire, returned towards the South parts, and at Alhallowen tide, came to Hampton Court.

Aboute the ſame time, the Kyng had knowledge, that the Queene lyued diſſolutely, in vſing the vnlawfull companye of one Frauncis Diram, with whome ſhe had bin too familiar before hir marriage with the King, and not meaning to forgoe his company now in time of hir mariage, without regard had, eyther to the feare of God, or the King hir huſband, the laſt Sommer beeing in progreſſe with the King at Pontfret, the ſeuen and twentith of Auguſt, ſhe reteyned the ſaid Francis Diram in hir ſeruice, to the intente ſhee mighte vſe his company in ſuch vnlawfull ſorte the more freely, and not ſatiſfyed with him, ſhe alſo vſed the vnlawfull company of Thomas Culpeper Eſquier, one of y^e Gentlemen of the kings priuie chamber,At Lincolne ſaith Hall in Auguſt, where ſhe gaue to him a rich cap and a chayne. as wel at Ponfret aforeſayde, on the nine and twentith and laſt daye of Auguſt aforeſaide, and on the firſte of September, as at diuers other times and places before and after, wherevpon, the thirtenth of Nouember, ſir Tho. Wriotheſley Knighte the Kinges Secretary, came to Hampton Courte vnto the ſaide Queene, and called al hir Ladyes Gentlewomen and ſeruauntes into hir greate chamber, and there openly in preſence of them al,Queene Katherin detected of incontinent liuing. declared hir offences committed in abuſing of hir body before hir mariage, and therewith hee diſcharged hir houſhold. The morrow after, ſhe was conueyed to Sion, the Lady Baynton and certaine Gentlewomen and ſome of his ſeruants being appoynted to wayte vpon hir there, till the Kyngs pleaſure might be farther knowen. Culpeper, Diram and others, were hadde to the Tower.

Diram in his examination beeing charged with the familiaritie which had bin betwixt thē, before ſhee was maried to the King, confeſſed, that he and the ſaid. Queene had made a precō tract togither, and that he conceled it for hir preferment in mariage to the King, after he vnderſtoode the K. began to caſt a liking towards hir.

The firſte of December, Culpeper and Diram were araigned at the Gulld Hall in London before the L. Maior, ſitting there in iudgemēt as chief iudge, hauing the L. Chācellor vppon his right hande, and the Duke of Norffolke vppon his lefte hande, the Duke of Suffolke, the Lord priuie ſeale, the Earles, of Suſſex and Hereford, with dyuers other of the Counſayle, ſitting there alſo as Iudges in commiſſion that day the priſoners in the ende confeſſed the inditement, and had iudgement to dye as in caſes of treaſon.

Culpeper and [...]ram exe [...]d.The tenth of December, the ſayde Culpeper and Diram were drawen from the Tower vnto Tiburne, and there Culpeper hadde as head ſtriken off, and Diram was hanged, diſ[...] bred and headed. Culpepers body was buryed in Sainte Sepulchers Churche, but both theyr heads were ſet on London bridge.

The two and twentith of December, were arraigned in the Kings benche at Weſtminſter, the Lady Margaret Howard, [...]yndors. wife to the Lorde William Howarde. Katherine Tilney, Alice Reſtwold Gentlewomen, Ioane Bulmer, wife to Anthony Bulmer Gentleman, Anne Howard, wife to Henry Howard Eſquier, and brother to the late Queene, Maleyn Tilney Widdowe, Margaret Benet, wife to Iohn Benet Gentleman, Edwarde Walgraue Gentleman, William Aſhby Gentleman, all theſe were condemned of miſpriſion of treaſon, for concealyng the Queenes miſdemeanour.

And the ſame day in the afternoone, the Lorde William Howarde, and Damporte, a Gentleman, were likewiſe araigned, and condemned of the ſame offence, and as well theſe as the other, were adiudged to loſe their goodes, and the profites of their lands during life, and to remayne in perpetuall priſon.

A Parliament.
1542The ſixtenth of Ianuary, the Parliament began at Weſtminſter, in the whiche, the Lordes, and commons exhibited certaine petitions to the King.

Firſte, that hee woulde not vexe himſelfe with the Queenes offence, and that ſhe and the Lady Rochfort might bee atteinted by Parliament: and to auoyd protracting of time, they beſought him to giue his royall aſſent thereto, vnder his greate ſeale, without ſtaying for the ende of the Parliamente. Alſo, that Diram and Culpeper before atteinted by the commō law, might alſo be atteinted by Parliament, and that Agnes Duches of Norffolke, and Katherin Counteſſe of Bridgewater hir daughter, which for concealing the ſayd offence, were committed to y^e Tower, and indited of miſpriſion, and the Lorde William Howard arreigned of the ſame, might likewiſe be atteynted.

Alſo, that who ſo euer had ſpoken or done any thing in deteſtation of hir naughtie life, ſhoulde he pardoned.

To theſe petitions the King granted,The Queene and other atteynted by Parliament. than king the commons, for that it appeared they tooke his griefe to bee theirs, wherevppon, the Queene and the Lady Rochford were atteynted by both the houſes.

On the tenth of February,The Queene ſent to the Tower. the Queene was conueyd from Sion to the Tower by water, the Duke of Suffolke, the Lord priuie ſeale, and the Lord great Chamberlayne, hauing the conduction of hit.

The next day after beyng Saterday, and the eleuent of February, the King did ſend his royall aſſent by his great ſeale, and then all y^e Lords were in their robes, and the common houſe called vp, and there the acte was redde, and his aſſente declared. And ſo on the thirtenth daye,She is beheaded. thoſe two Ladyes were beheaded on the greeue within the Tower with an axe, where they confeſſed their offences, and dyed repentant.

Before this,The King proclaymed K. of Irelande. on the three and twentith day of Ianuary, was the King proclaymed Kyng of Irelande, as it was enacted both by authoritie of the Parliament here, and alſo of an other Parliamente holden at Dublin in Ireland, there begun the thirtenth of Iune laſt paſt, before Sir Anthony Saintleger Knighte, and the Kinges deputie there, where as till that time, the Kyngs of England were onely entituled Lords of Irelande.

In the beginning of March dyed Sir Arthur Plantagenet Vicount Liſle, baſterde ſonne to Edwarde the fourth, in the Tower of London vnatteynted, when he ſhoulde haue bin deliuered and ſet at libertie.

The occaſion of his trouble for the which hee was committed to the Tower, roſe vppon ſuſpition, that he ſhould be priuie to a practiſe, whiche ſome of his men (as Philpot and Brindeholme executed the laſt yeare as before ye haue hearde) had conſented vnto, for the betraying of Galais to the French, whileſt he was the Kings Lieutenant there. But after that by due triall it was knowen that hee was nothing giltie to the matter, the kyng appoynted Sir Thomas Wriothſley his Maieſties Secretarie, to goe vnto hym, and to deliuer to hym a ring, with a riche diamond for a token from him, and to will hym to be of good cheare, for although in that ſo weightie a matter hee woulde not haue done leſſe to hym if hee hadde bene hys owne ſonne, yet nowe vpon through triall had, ſith it was manifeſtlye proued, that hee was voyde of all offence, hee was ſory that hee hadde bene occaſioned ſo farre to trie his troth, and therefore willed hym to bee of good cheere and comforte, for he ſhould find that he woulde make accompt of him as of hys moſt true and faithfull kinſman, and not onely reſtore hym to his former libertie, but otherwiſe forthe be ready to pleaſure hym in what he could. Maſter Secretary ſet forth thys meſſage with ſuch effectuall words, as hee was an eloquent and well ſpoken man, that the Lord Liſle tooke ſuche immoderate ioy thereof, that his heart beeing oppreſſed therewith,The Lord Liſle died through immoderate ioy. hee dyed the night following through too much reioycing. After his deceaſſe, the twelfth of the ſame moueth of Marche, ſir Iohn Iudeley, ſonne and heire to the ſaid Lord Liſles wife, was at Weſtminſter created Vicount Liſle. The ſeuentēth of March one Margaret Dauie, a yong woman, being a ſeruant, was boyled in Smithfield for poyſoning of hir miſtres with whome ſhe dwelt, and diuers other perſons.

George Ferrers.In the Lent ſeaſon, whileſt the Parliamente yet continued, one George Ferrers Gentleman, ſeruaunt to the K. being elect a Burgeſſe for the Towne of Plimmouth, in the Countie of Deuon. in going to the Parliament houſe, was arreſted in Londō by a proces out of y^e kings bench at the ſute of one White, for the ſumme of two C. markes or thereabouts, wherein he was late afore condemned, as a ſuretie for the debt of one Weldon of Saliſburie: which arreſt being ſignified to ſir Tho. Moyle knight, then ſpeaker of the Parliament, and to the knights and Burgeſſes there, order was taken, that the Sergeant of the Parliamente, called S. Iohn, ſhoulde forthwith repaire to y^e Counter in Bredſtreete (whither the ſaid Ferrers was caried) and there to demaunde deliuerie of y^e priſoner. The Sergeant (as he had in charge) went to the Counter, and declared to the Clearkes there what he had in commaundement. But they & other officers of y^e Citie, were ſo far from obeying the ſaid commandement, as after many ſtout words they forcibly reſiſted the ſaid Sergeant, wherof enſued a fray within the Counter gates, betwene the ſaid Ferrers, and the ſaid officers, not without hurt of eyther part, ſo that the ſaide Sergeante was driuen to defende himſelfe w^t his mace of armes, & had y^e Crowne therof broken by bearing of a ſtroke, and his man ſtriken downe. During this braule, the Sherifes of London, called Rowlande Hill, and Henrye Suckliffe, came thither, to whome the Sergeant complayned of this iniurie, and required of them the deliuerie of the ſaide Burges as afore. But they bearing with their officers, made little accompt, either of his complaint or of his meſſage, reiecting the ſame contemptuouſly, with much pronde language, ſo as the Sergeāt was forced to returne without the priſoner. And finding the ſpeaker, and al the knightes and burgeſſes ſette in their places, declared vnto them the whole caſe as it fell, who tooke the ſame in ſo ill parte, that they altogither (of whome there were not a fewe, as wel of the kings priuie counſayle, as alſo of his priuie chamber) would ſit no longer without their burges, but roſe vp wholly, and repaired to the vpper houſe, where the whole caſe was declared by the mouth of the ſpeaker, before ſir Tho. Audeley knight, then L. Chancellor of Englande, and all the Lordes and Iudges there aſſembled, who iudging the contempt to be very greate, referred the puniſhmente thereof to the order of the common houſe. They returning to their places againe, vpon new debate of the eaſe, tooke order, that their Sergeant ſhould e[...]oones repaire to the Sheriffes of London, and require deliuerie of the ſaid Burges, without any writte or warrant had for the ſame, but only as afore. Albeit, the Lorde Chancellor offered there to graunt a writte, which they of the cōmon houſe refuſed, beeing in a cleare opinion, that all commaundements and other actes proceeding from the nether houſe, were to bee done and executed by their Serieant without writte, only by ſhew of his mace, which was his warrant. But before the Serieantes returne into London, the Sheriffes hauing intelligence howe heynouſly the matter was taken, became ſomewhat more milde, ſo as vpon the ſayd ſecond demaund, they deliuered the priſoner without any deny all. But the Serieant hauing then further in commaundemente from thoſe of the nether houſe, charged the ſayde Sheriffes to appeare perſonally on the morrow by eyght of the clocke before the Speaker in the nether houſe, and to bring thither the Clearkes of the Counter, and ſuch other of their officers as were parties to the ſayde affray, and in like manner, to take into his cuſtody the ſayd White, which wittingly procured the ſayde arreſt, in contempte of the priuiledge of the Parliamente. Whiche commaundemente beeing done by the ſayde Serieant accordingly, on the morrowe, the two Sheriffes, with one of the Clearkes of the Counter (whyche was the chiefe occaſion of the ſayde affray) togyther with the ſayde White, appeared in the common houſe, where the ſpeaker charging them with theyr contempte and miſdemeanoure aforeſayde, they were compelled to make immediate aunſwere, withoute beeyng admitted to any counſayle. Albeit, Sir Roger Cholmeley, then Recorder of London, and other of the Counſayle of the Citie there preſent, offered to ſpeake in the cauſe whiche were all put to ſilence, and none ſuffered to ſpeake, but the parties themſelues: wherevpon in concluſion, the ſaid Sheriffes and the ſame White, were committed to the Tower of Londō, & the ſaid Clearke (whiche was the occaſion of y^e fray) to a place there called litle eaſe, & y^e officer of Londō which did y^e [...] called Tailor, w^t iiij. other officers, to Newgate, where they remained frō the xxviij. vntill y^e vxx. of March, & thē they were deliuered not without hūble [...] made by the Maior of London [...] other their frends. And foraſmuch as the ſayd Fewers being in execution vpon a cōdemnation of debt, and ſet at large by priuiledge of Parliament, was not by lawe to be brought againe into execution and ſo the partie without remedie for his debt, as well againſt him as his principall debter, after long debate of the ſame by the ſpee[...]e of ix. or x. dayes togither, at laſt they reſolued vppon an Acte of Parliament to be made, and to reuiueth execution of the ſayde debt, agaynſt the ſayde Welden which was principall debter, and to diſcharge the ſayde Ferrers. But before this came to paſſe, the Common houſe was deuided vpon the queſtion: but in concluſion, the Acte paſſed for the ſayde Ferrers, wonne by xiiij. voyces. The King then being aduertiſed of all this proceeding, called immediatlye before him the Lord Chauncelor of England and his Iudges, with the Speaker of the Parliament, and other of the graueſt perſons of the nether houſe, to whome he declared his opinion to this effect. Firſt commending their wiſedome in maintayning the priuiledges of their houſe, (which he woulde not haue to be infringed in any poynte) alledged that he being heade of the Parliament, and attending in his owne perſon vpon the buſineſſe thereof, ought in reaſon, to haue priuiledge for him and his all ſeruauntes attending there vpon him. So that if the ſayde Ferrers had bene no Burgeſſe, but onely his ſeruant, that in reſpect thereof, he was to haue the priuiledge as well as any other. For I vnderſtand (quoth he) that your not onely for your owne perſons, but alſo for your neceſſarie ſeruauntes, euen to your Cookes and Horſekepers, enioy the ſayde priuiledge, inſomuch as my Lorde Chancelour here preſent, hath informed vs, that he being Speaker of the Parliament, the Cooke of the Temple was arreſted in London, and in execution vpon a ſtatute of the Staple. And foraſmuche as the ſayde Cooke, during all the Parliament, ſerued the Speaker in that office, he was taken out of execution, by the priuiledge of the Parliament. And further we be informed by our Iudges, that we at no time ſtand ſo highly in our eſtate royall, as in the time of Parliament, wherein we as heade, and you as members, are conioyned and knit togither into one bodie politike, ſo as whatſoeuer offence or iniurie (during that time) is offered to the meaneſt member of the houſe, is to be iudged, as done againſt our perſon, & the whole court of Parliament, the which prerogatiue of y^e court is ſo great (as our lerned counſel informeth vs) as all actes & proceſſes comming out of any other without E[...] [...] thoſe and [...] to the [...] part[...]e [...] of great preſumptiō in him, [...] [...] ing on ſeruant [...] (this houſe, and being w[...]ed hereof before, [...] proſecular his maden out of time, and therefore [...] well wo[...] throw than [...] would not wiſh) and therfore [...] and equitie, that [...] [...]p[...]ure [...] reſtored him to the ſame againſt [...] who [...] his debter and if it be well conſidered, what [...] charge hath it bene to vs and you all, not [...] in expence of our ſubſtaunce, but [...] [...], whiche ſhoulde haue bene employed [...] the affaires of our Realme, to fiue [...] one whole fortnight about this [...] priuate [...] he may think himſelfe [...] than his [...]. And this may be a good exam places other to [...] good maner, and not to [...] anye thing againſt the priuiledge of the Tourne, but to [...] their time [...]. This is [...], and if I [...] my ſelfe to the iudgement [...] our Iuſtices here preſent, and other learned in one lawes. Whervpon ſir [...] and [...] then L. theſe Iuſtice very grauely [...] that opinion, confirming by diuerſſe in all th[...] the King had ſayd, which, was [...] vnto [...] all the reſidue, none ſpeaking to y^e contrary. The acte indeede paſſed not the highe [...]uſe, for that Lordes had no[...]t time to conſider of it[...] by reaſon of the diſſolution of the Parliaments, the feaſt of Eaſter then approching. Bicauſe this [...] bene diuerſly reported, and is commonly alledged as a preſident for the priuiledge of the Parliaments, I haue [...] hymſelfe [...] the troth therefore ſo ſet it forth with [...] circumſtance at large according to their conſtruction who ought beſt both to know and [...].

This yere in May the [...] of many of all ſuch as were valued at lo[...].An. reg. 34. & [...] y^e ſubſidie bookes. The L. priuy feale,A loane. y^e B. of W[...]n[...] cheſter, ſir Iohn [...], and ſir Thomas Wr[...] theſley were cōmiſſioners about this [...] Lō don, where they ſo handled the matter, y^e ſome head citizens they obteyned a M. marks in p[...]eſt to the kings vſe. They that layde forth any ſum in this wiſe, had priuie ſeales for the repayment therof within two yeares next enſuing. [...]ilierſe of y^e I[...]ſh nobilitie came this yere into Englād,Submiſsion of the Iriſh nobilitie. & made their ſubmiſſion to y^e K. as in the Iriſhe Chronicle it is more particularly touched. Alſo warres fell out betwixt England & Scotland, w^t cauſes wherof, as appeareth by a declaration ſet forth by y^e K. of Englād, at this preſent in effect, were theſe.The cauſes of the warres betwixt England and Scotland. Firſt there were diuers of y^e Engliſhe rebels, ſuch as had moued y^e cōmotion in y^e north & Lincolnſhire, fled into Scotland, & there maintained, & although requeſt had bene, made y^t they might be deliuered, yet it would not be graūted.

Moreouer, where the King of Scottes had promiſed to repayre vnto Yorke the loſt yeare, and there to meete his vncle the King of Englande, wherevpon the king of Englande to his great charges, had made preparation for their meeting there, the ſame was not onely diſappoynted, but alſo at the kings being at Yorke, in here thereof an inuaſion was made by the Scots as it were, in contempt and deſpite of the king of Englande, who notwithſtanding imputing the default of meeting to the aduiſe of his Nephewes counſell, and the inuaſion to the lewdneſſe of his ſubiectes, was contented to gyue courteous audience vnto ſuch Ambaſſadors as the ſame king of Scottes ſent into Englande, which came to the king at Chriſtmas laſt, and with many ſweete and pleaſant wordes excuſed that that was done amyſſe, and ſought to perſuade kyndeneſſe and perfect amitie in tyme to came. And for the better accompliſhment thereof, they offered to ſende Commiſſioners to the borders, there to determine the debate betwixte them of the confines, if it woulde pleaſe the king likewiſe to ſende Commiſſioners for his parte, which to doe he graciouſly condiſcended, deſirous to make triall of his nephewe in ſome correſpondence of deedes, to the fayre and pleaſant meſſages in wordes, which he had receiued from him. Herevpon Commiſſioners were ſent from eyther king, the which mette and talked: but where the Engliſhmenne chalenged a peece of grounde, vndoubtedly vſurped by the Scottes, being for the ſame ſhewed ſuch euidence as more ſubſtantial,The wilfull obſtinateneſſe of the Scottiſh cōmiſsioners. or more autentike can not be brought forth for anye grounde within the Realme, the ſame was neuertheleſſe by the Scottes denyed and reiected, only for that it was made (as they alledged) by Engliſhmen, and yet was it ſo ancient, as it coulde not be counterfeited now, and the value of the grounde ſo little, and of ſo ſmall weyght, as no man woulde attempt to falſifie a wryting for ſuch a matter. But yet this deniall notwithſtanding, the Englyſh Commiſſioners departed from the Scottiſhe Commiſſioners as frendes, taking order, as hath bene accuſtomed, for good rule vpon the borders in the meane time to be obſerued.

After their departure, the Lorde Maxwell warden of the weſt marches in Scotland, made proclamation in deede for good rule to be kept. But neuertheleſſe added therewith that the borderers of Scotlande ſhoulde withdrawe their goodes from the borders of England, and incontinently after the Scottiſhmē borderers, the iiij. of Iuly, entred into England ſodenly, and ſpoyled the Kings ſubiects, contrarie to the league, and euen after the playne maner of war. Wherevpon the King of Englande greatly maruayling, was driuen to furniſhe his borders with a garriſon for defence of the ſame.

Then was Iames Leirmouth Maiſter of the Scottiſhe kings houſholde ſent into Englande with letters deuyſed in the beſt maner,Iames Leirmouth. offering a good redreſſe of all attemptes, and yet neuertheleſſe at the entrie of the ſayde Leirmouth into Englande, a great number of Scottes then not looked for, made a roade into Englande, to the great annoyance of the Engliſhe borders, which dealing, though it much mooued the king of Englande to take diſpleaſure againſt the Scottes, yet he gaue gentle audience vnto Leirmouth at his comming vnto him, and by hys fayre wordes and promiſes, was partly pacified. But in the meane time, the dedes of the Scottiſhe borderers were as extreame as might be, and in a roade made by ſir Robert Bowes for reuenge thereof, the ſame ſir Robert, and many other with him, were taken priſoners, and could not be deliuered, nor admitted to paye their fine and raunſome, as hath bene euer accuſtomed betwixt them on the borders.

And where at the ſame time, an aſſuraunce was made on both ſides for a time,K. Henrie forced to take armes againſt the Scots. at the ſuite of the ſayde Leirmouth, the Scots ceaſed not to make ſundrie inuaſions into Englande, in ſuch wiſe, as the king no longer truſting to their fayre wordes, but weying their deedes, put an armie in a readyneſſe for defence of his ſubiects, as the due meane to attayne ſuch a peace, as for the ſafetie of his people he thought it ſtoode with his honor to procure.

After whiche preparation made, and knowledge thereof had, the king of Scots made newe ſuite to haue the matter taken vppe by treatie. Wherevpon the king cauſed the armie to ſtaye about Yorke, and appointed the D. of Norffolk his Lieutenant generall, the Lorde priuie ſeale, Biſhop of Durham, and ſir Anthonie Browne Maiſter of his horſes, to treate and conclude with the Ambaſſadors of Scotland, ſome frendly peace, vpon reaſonable and indifferent condicions, as ſhoulde he thought requiſite, for the auoyding of warres, then by ſundrie inuaſions of the Scottes made open and manifeſt.

But after they had vewed eche others Commiſſions, and beganne to propone articles, the Scottiſh commiſſioners, to protract time, at the firſt ſeemed to like ſuch articles as the Engliſhe commiſſioners had proponed,The double dealing of the Scots in the negotiation about an agreement. & made ſemblance as if there were no doubt, but that in caſe their k. & ours might mete, all matters ſhould be quietly cōpounded & ended, & ſo taking it as for a thing ſure and certaine, they only deſired vj. dayes to obtaine anſwere from their Maiſter, and our armie for that time to ſtaye, wherevnto the Engliſhe Commiſſioners accorded.

After thoſe ſixe dayes, was ſent a Commiſſion out of Scotlande, to conclude a meeting preciſely, at ſuch a place as they knew will could not in the Winter ſeaſon be: obſerued nor kept. Wherewith when the Engliſh Commiſſioners ſeemed nothing content, the Scottiſh Commiſſioners ſhewed forth inſtructions, wherein libertie was giuen to them to exceede their Commiſſion in the appoynting of a place, and to conſent to any other by the Engliſhe Commiſſioners thought meete and conuenient: but when the Engliſh Commiſſioners refuſed to deale, with men wanting ſufficient Commiſſion to warrant their doings, the Scottiſhe Commiſſioners required other .vj. days reſpite to ſend for a larger commiſſion, which being graunted, at the end of thoſe ſix dayes, they brought forth a commiſſion made in good forme, and without exception or reſtraint of place. But therwith they ſhewed inſtructions conteyning a lyke reſtraint, as in the former Commiſſion was expreſſed. And thus driuing forth the matter by triſling, vppon purpoſe onely to winne tyme, they hoped thereby through the Winter comming on, that the Engliſhe armie ſhoulde not be able much to annoye their Countrie for that yeare. And ſo their talke brake vp without any concluſion of agreement at all and forthwith was the armie ſet forward, a good part whereof had lien all this time of treatie in Yorke, and in the Countrie there abouts.

When the whole power was aſſembled, the Duke of Norffolke Lieutenaunt generall, accompanied with the Earles of Shreweſburſe▪ Darbie,The Engliſh armie entreth into Scotland. Cumberlande, Surrey, Hertford, Angus, Rutlande, and the Lordes of the Northe partes, and ſir Anthonie Browne Maſter of the Horſe, Sir Iohn Gage Comptroller of the Kings houſe, and others, hauing with them twentie thouſande men well and warrelike appointed, entred Scotlande the xxj. of October and taried there eyght dayes without hauing any battayle offered vnto them, in whiche ſpare they brent theſe townes and villages, Paxton, Ramrige, Styne Gradyn, Shylles, Lang Ednem▪ Newton, Skitſhell, Newthorne, Smellem ſpit[...]le, the tw[...] [...], and the two Brurdwes, [...], Ed[...] Spittle, [...] Abbay, long Spron[...] [...], and [...] [...] ſtone. And while the [...] fourth day after his [...]uiring and Scotlande, there came to ſpeake with [...] a myle [...] the Campe, the Biſhoppe of O[...]ney, and Iames Loth[...]o[...] ſent from the king of Sco[...] to intreate of peace, but they agreed not.

Finally, after the Engliſhmen had lye[...] ſo long within Scotlande as they might recouer vittayle, at length for neceſſitie they returned to Berwicke. In all which iourney the ſtande[...] of the Earle of Southhamptons,The Earle of Southamptons ſtandart. late Lorde priuie ſeale (which dyed at Newcaſtell before theſe entring into: Scotlande was borne in the foreward, bicauſe he was appoynted captaine of the ſame. The king of Scots hearing that the Engliſh armie was returned rayſed a power of [...] tene thouſande menne forth of all partes of hys Realme, vnder the gui[...]ng of the Lorde Maxwell (or rather of Oliuer [...]e[...],An armie of Scots iouade Englande. as the Scoth affirme) boaſting to ta[...] [...] in Englande, as the Duke of Norffolke had taried in Scotlande. And ſoon the Fridaye being Saint Katherines euen, they paſſed one other water of E[...], and brent certayne houſes of the Gre[...]es hir the very border.

Thomas baſtarde Da[...]s, with Iacke of Muſgraue, ſent worde to ſir Thomas Whatton Lorde Warden for the King vpon the weſt marches, to come forwarde to ſuccour them. But in the meane while the Scots entring very fiercely, the foreſaid two valiant captaines, baſtard Daerts and Moſgraue, manfully [...] vpon the Scots with C. light horſes, & [...]ſt [...] the ſide of the hill, wherewith the Scottes were wonderfully diſmayed,The error of the Scottes. thinking that either the D. of Norffolke with his whole armie had [...] come to thoſe weſt marches, on that ſome other great power had bene cōming toward thē [...] they ſaw duly ſir Thomas W[...]u[...] with [...] men [...]thing forwards [...].The Scots fle[...] But [...] fortuned at that time vndoubtedly, as [...] haue it, that the Scots fledde at the firſt brunt whom the Engliſhmen followed, and tooke priſoners at their pleaſure. For there was ſmall reſiſtance, or none at all ſhewed by the Scottes.

Amongſt other that were taken, wee finde theſe men of name,Scottiſh Lords taken at Solem Moſte. the Earle of Caſtill & Glencarne, the Lorde Maxwell Admirall of Scotlande, and Warden of the Weſt marches, the Lorde Flemming, the Lorde Sommerwell, the Lorde Oliphant, the Lorde Graye, ſir Oliuer Sincler the Kings minion, Iohn Roſſe Lorde of Gragy, Robert Erſkin ſonne to the Lorde Geſkin, Carre Lorde of Gredon, the Lorde Maxwels two brethren, Iohn Leſley baſtarde ſonne to the Earle of Rothus, George Hume Larde of Hemitton, Iohn Mattelande Larde of Wike caſtell, Iames Pringel, Iames Sinclex brother to Oliuer Sincler, Iohn Carmell Captayne of Crayforth, Patricke Heborne Eſquire, Iohn Seton Eſquire ſonne in lawe to the Lorde Erſkin, William Seton Eſquire, Iohn Steward couſin to the King, Iohn Morrowe Eſquire, Henrie Droumont Eſquire, Iames Mitton Eſquire, Iohn Cormurth Eſquire Captaine of Gainſforth, Iames Mitton Eſquire,The number of priſoners and artillerie taken. and other Eſquires and Gentlemen, (beſide the Earles and Lordes before mencioned) to the number of two hundreth and aboue, and more than viij.C. other perſons of meaner calling, ſo that ſome one Engliſhman, yea ſome women had three or foure priſoners. They tooke alſo foure and twentie peeces of ordinance, foure Cartes laden with ſpeares, and ten pauilions, ſo that this might well be ſayde to be the handie worke of God, and the verſe of the Pſalme verified, Nunc vidi & dixi, haec est mutatio dextrae excel[...].

The death of the king of Scotlande.The King of Scottes tooke ſuch griefe and inwarde thought for his ouerthrow, and alſo for the murther of an Engliſhe Herault that was ſtayne at Dunbar, by one Leeche an Engliſhe man (the whiche for the rebellion in Lincolne ſhire, was fledde into Scotlande) that he fell into a hote ague, and therof dyed, although many reported that he was at the byckering, and receyued there his deathes wounde, and fledde therewith into Scotlande. But of his death, and of the birth of his daughter, ye may ſee more in the hiſtorie of Scotlande.

[...]xiii[...]. hath Hall.Of theſe priſoners before named, xxj. of them were brought vp to London, and on the xix▪ of December entred into the Citie by Biſhops gate, and ſo were conueyed to the tower, where they remained for the ſpace of two dayes, and vpon Saint Thomas daye the Apoſtle,Scottes priſoners brought to London being the xxj. of December, they were conueyed to Weſtminſter, ſir Iohn Gage Conſtable of the Tower ryding before them, and the Lieutenant of the ſame Tower ryding behinde them. They roade two and two togither, and eyght of them being Earles and Lordes, had newe gownes of blacke Damaſke furred with black Conſe, cotes of blacke Veluet, and doublers of Sa[...]m, with ſhi[...]es and other apparell bought a[...]we for [...] at the Kings charges. Thus being ſolti[...]elye conueyed through the ſtreetes of London vnto Weſtminſter,The Scottes priſoners before the Counſell in the ſta[...] Chamber. they came before the Counſell ſitting in the Starre Chamber, and there the Lorde Chauncellour declared to them their vntruth, vnkindeneſſe, and falſe diſſimulation, declaring further howe the King had cauſe of war agaynſt them, both for the denying of their homages, and alſo for their trayterous inuaſions made into his Realme without defiance, and alſo for keeping his ſubiectes priſoners without redemption, contrarie to the auncient lawes of the Marches, for whiche doings, God, as they might perceyue, had ſcourged them. Howbeit the King more regarding his honour than his Princelye power, was content to ſhewe them kyndeneſſe for vnkyndeneſſe, & right for wrong. And although he might keepe them in ſtrait priſon by iuſt lawe of armes, yet he was cont[...] that they ſhoulde haue libertie to be with the nobles of his Realme in their houſes, and ſo according to their Eſtates, they were appoynted to Dukes, Earles, Biſhoppes, Knights, and Gentlemen, which ſo entertayned them, that they confeſſed themſelues neuer to be better vſed, nor to haue had greater cheare in all their life times. The Earle of Caſſils was appointed to be with the Archbiſhoppe of Caunterburie, the Earle of Glencarne with the Duke of Norffolke, the L. Flemming with the Lorde priuie ſeale, the Lord Maxwell with ſir Anthonie Browne, the Lord Somerwel with the Lord Chancelor, the Lord Oliphant with ſir Thomas Lee, Oliuer Sencler with the Duke of Suffolke, Robert Erſ[...] with the Biſhop of Weſtminſter, the lord Monteth with ſir Anthonie Wingfielde, the Lorde Moūketh with ſir Raufe Sadler, George Hame with the Earle of Hertforde, the Lorde of Gragie with ſir Thomas Cheiney, the Lorde of Gredon with maiſter Gaſtwike, Henrie Maxewell with ſir Richarde Long, Thomas Clifforde with ſir Arthur Darcy, Patrick He[...]forde with ſir Thomas Wriotheſley, Iames Pr[...] gel with ſir Richard Rich, Iohn Mari[...]d, with ſir Edwarde North, the Lorde Grey, Iames Sencler and Iohn Leſley were apointed to men of ſuch credit, as were thought mere to aunſwere for their ſafe keping. The .xxij. of Decēber [...] came of the king of Scottes death, and vp[...] S. Iohns day in Chriſtmas weeke, y^e foreſaid [...]rds of Scotlād were brought to y^e court, which was then at Grenewich, where they had great ch[...]e, & went before the King to y^e chappel, & were [...]odged within the court. Here vpō ye muſt cōſider, y^e where as the K. of Scots had left no iſſue behind him in life but only one daughter, y^e King & hys Counſell perceyuing a meane nowe offered, wherby without warre the two Realmes might be vnited, theſe Scottiſhe Lordes hauing firſt made the motion themſelues for a mariage to be had betwixt Prince Edwarde and their yong Queene, the king required them to helpe to the [...]t h[...]rance of that matter, which myght be ſuch a benifit to themſelues, and their countrie. This they promiſed faithfully to doe, and aſwell by themſelues as their friendes, to being the ſame to effect, ſo muche as the king coulde require. Wherevpon the king was not only cou[...]ed to releaſe them home, but alſo highly rewarded them with rich gyftes in moſt bountifull wiſe.

The xxx. of December, they departed from the Court, and the morrow after, eyght of them dyned with Sir Iohn Coates thou Lorde Maior of London, and the reſt with the Sherifes, and had very great cheare.

On Newyeares daye they departed from London hon[...]wardes towardes Scotlande,1543 and roade to Enfelde to ſee the Prince, and there dyned that daye, greatly [...]oy[...]ng, as by their wordes and countenance is ſ[...]ared, to beholde ſo propet and towardly any[...]ped.

From thence they kept on then iourney till they came to the North partes, where they founde the Duke of Suffolke the Kings Lieutenant there, and with him remayned till ſuche pledges were come forth of Scotlande, as it was couenanted they ſhould leaue behind them.

The Duke then after he had receyued the hoſtages, permitted them to depart, and ſo they returned into Scotlande, where they, were gladlye welcommed by their kinſemen and frendes. With them went alſo the Earle of Augus, who had bene baniſhed Scotlande, and hauing remayned here in Englande a long time, receyued of the Kings fee, a thouſande marke by yeare, and likewiſe his brother Sir George Douglas, who had fiue hundreth markes yearely, likewiſe of the Kings gift. They were nowe both reſtored home into their countrie, and that as was ſayde, by the laſt Kings will. The ſayde Earle of Angus, and diuerſe of the Lordes that had bene priſoners here in Englande, were made of the priuie Counſell of the Realme, by the Earle of Arrayne, that was choſen gouernour to the yong Queene, and of the Realme, as next heire apparent. Nothwithſtanding that the Archbiſhop of Saint Andrewes, and Cardinall of the ſea of Rome, enimie mortall to the King of Englande for the Popes cauſe (and partlye ſet on by the French king, had forged a will, expreſſing howe the king had made him gouernour, (aſſociate with two Earles of his affinitie) as well of the Queene as Realme, contrarie to the lawes of Scotland. Wherevpon the ſaid Earle of Arceyne, according to his right, as he pretended, with the helpe of his frendes,The Earle of Arraine. tooke vppon him the authoritie of Gouernour, and put the ſayde Cardinall in poſon, and deliuered Sir Robert Bowes,Sir Robert Bowes deliuered. and the other Engliſhe priſoners, by their handes, according to the cuſtome of the marches.

All this yeare was neyther perfect peaconor open warre betwixt Englande and Fraunce, but the merchants ſhippes were taken and robbed on both partes, and at length merchantes goodes were ſeazed, and the Ambaſſadors of both Realmes ſtayde. Howbeit ſhortly after the Ambaſſadors were deliuered: but the merchants ſtil were robbed, and no warre proclaymed.

In the ende of this yeare came from the Gouernor of Scotlande as ambaſſadors,Ambaſſadors from Scotland ſir William Hamelton, [...] I[...]es Leirmouth the ſecretarie of Scotlande, w[...] meſſage was ſo meanely liked, that they were [...]yne to ſend[...]. He cals into Scotlande for other Ambaſſadors, and ſo hither came the Earle of Glencarne, and Sir George Douglas that whatſoeuer their anſwere was, ſir George returned in poſte, and within xx. dayes came backe agayne with an aunſwere that was well liked off. But ſhortly after they brake promiſe, and went from that which they had couen[...]ted, greatly to their reproche.

Woode was ſolde very deare in the Winter ſeaſon of this yeare,A dearth. and likewyſe vitayles both f[...]he and fiſhe growe to an high price towardes the Spring, by reaſon, as was thought, of the vnte[...]perate wette Summer laſt paſt, cauſing great death among cattayle. A quarter of Merton was ſolde for two ſhillings, and .vij. grote[...]. A lambe at three ſhillings, and three ſhillings and foure pence. Which afore that him was eſteemed ſcant worth ſixtene pence. Againſt Eaſter at a Court of Aldermen kept in the Guylde hall the xx. of Marche 1542. it was enacted by the Lorde Maior and his brethren,A neceſſarie and ho[...]eſome ordinance. that the Maior and Sherifes ſhoulde be ſerued at their tables and with one courſe at dinner and ſupper in their houſes, the Maior to haue but ſeuen diſhes at the moſt at one meate for his owne table, and the Sherifes and euery other Alderman but vj. diſhes, vpon payne to forfeyt for euery diſhe fortie ſhillings at euery time when they offended in this ordinance. Alſo that the ſeruants and yeomē of their houſes ſhould haue but thre diſhes at diuer or ſupper, the ſword bearers meſſe only excepted; which ſhould be alowed to haue one diſh more. Moreouer it was enacted, that from the feaſt of Gaſter then next enſuing, neyther the Maior nor his brethren ſhould [...] any Craue, Swan or Buſtarde, vpon payne to forfer to for euery towle by them ſo bought .xx.s. the offence to be tried by othe if it ſhoulde be preſented.

An. reg. 35. In the beginning of this yeare, on Trinitie Sundaye was a newe league ſworne betweene the King and Emperour at Hampton Court,A league betwixt the king of Englande and the Emperour. eyther of them to be frendes to the others frends, and enimie to the others enimies.

The thirde of Iune came to the Court from the Realme of Irelande, three Iriſhe Lordes, Obrin, Mack William a Burgh, and Mack Gilpatrik.

Creations.In Iuly the ſayde Obrin was created Earle of Townon, Mack William a Burgh, Earle of Claurickford, and Sir Dunon Obrin was made Baron of Ebranky, and ſo with rewards they tooke leaue, and returned.

The ſame Moneth alſo, the Scottiſhe Ambaſſadors returned with great rewards.

The king marieth the Lady Katherin Par.The xij. of Iuly, at Hampton Courte, the King married the Ladie Katherine Parre widowe, late wife to the Lorde Latimer deceaſed, and then ſhe was nominated Queene, and ſo proclaymed.

In the Parliament holden this yere at Weſtminſter, a ſubſidie was graunted to the king, to be payde in three yeares. Euery Engliſhman being worth in goodes xx. s. and vpwarde to fiue pounde, payde foure pence of euery pound. From fiue pounde to ten pounde, eyght pence. From ten pounde to twentie pound, ſixtene pence. Frō twentie pounde and vpwarde, of euery pounde, two ſhillings. Straungers aſwell Denizens as other, being inhabitants, doubled this ſumme, and euery ſtraunger not being an inhabitant, that was xvj. yeares of age and vpwards, payde [...]oure pence for euery poll.Corporations, fraternities, & communalties payde more as well of their landes as gods as appeareth by the ſtatute. And for landes, fees, and annuities, euery one borne within the kings dominions payde eyght pence of the pound from twentie ſhillings to fiue pounde. And from fiue pounde to ten pounde, ſixtene pence. From ten pounde to twentie pounde, two ſhillings. And from twentie pounde and vpwardes, three ſhillings, Straungers ſtill doubling this ſumme. The Clergie graunted a ſubſidie of ſixe ſhillings the pounde, to be payd of their Benefices in perpetuities in three yeares enſuing, and euery prieſt hauing no perpetuitie, but an annuall ſtipende, payde yearely during the ſayde three yeares, ſixe ſhillings and eyght pence.

About the ſame time, the King and the Emperour ſent Garter and Toyſondor, Kings at armes,Articles demanded of the French king. to demaunde the performance of certaine Articles of the French king, which if he denyed, they were commaunded then to defie him, but he woulde not ſuffer them to come within his land, and ſo they returned. Where the king cauſed the ſayde demaundes to be declared vnto the French ambaſſador at Weſtminſter.

And in Iuly the king ſent ouer ſixe thouſande men, vnder the leading of ſir Iohn Wallop, appoynted to haue the generall conduction of them. accompanied with diuerſe other Knights, Eſquires and gentlemen right hardie and valiant. Sir Thomas Seymor was Marſhall of that armie, ſir Robert Bowes treaſurer, ſir Richarde Cromwell Captayne of the horſemen, and ſir George Carewe his Lieutenant: There were likewiſe ſir Thomas Palmer, ſir Iohn Reynſforth, ſir Iohn Saint Iohn, and ſir Iohn Gaſcogne, knights, that were Captains of the footemen. They were appoynted to ioyne with the Emperours power, and ſo to make warre into Fraunce. They departed from Calais the xxij. of Iuly. The thirde of Auguſt open war was proclaymed in London betwixt the Emperour and the king of Englande on the one part, and the French king on the other, as enimie mortall to them both, and to all other Chriſtian princes beſide, as he that had confederated himſelfe with the Turke.

The armie that was ſent ouer vnder the leading of ſir Iohn Wallop, paſſed forth from the marches of Caleis, and keeping alongſt betwixt the borders of the French and Burgonion pales and confines, and ioyning with the Emperors forces, Spanyards, Wallons, and Dutch, came at length before Landerſey, a towne lately fortified by the French, within the borders of the Emperors dominions, to the which they layd a ſtrong ſiege. At length the Emperor or hauing diſpatched his warres againſt the Duke of Cleue, who had ſubmitted himſelf vnto him,Landerſey beſieged. came now to the ſiege of Landerſey, with a mightie power of ſundrie nations, ſo that the towne was ſore conſtreyned, & in danger to haue bene loſt, if at that preſent the French K. had not likewiſe with an huge armie of Frenchmē, Swiſers,The French king cometh to the reſcue of Landerſey. Lātſquenets, Italians, & other, come to the reſkew, pitching downe his campe, making countenance, as if he ment preſently to giue battaile: & verily it was thought that two ſuch powers as were there at that time ſo neare togither, ſhould neuer haue departed without battayle. The Emperor thinking ſurely to fight, rayſed his ſiege, & drew his people into the fielde. The French men therby eſpying their aduauntage, put as well freſhe men as vitailes, and all kinde of munition neceſſarie, into the towne, and in the meane whyle kept y^e Emperors people occupied with hote ſkirmiſhes.

But nowe after the towne was thus relieued, which thing the French king only wiſhed to accompliſh, the next day when the Emperor was readie with his armie arranged in battailes to haue fought with his aduerſaries, y^e French k. put his armie alſo in order, but hauing no minde to come forward, he trifled forth that day, and in the night following, ſecretly departed wyth as much haſte as was poſſible. When the nexte morning had diſcouered the Frenchmens flight (for ſo many termed this their ſodaine r[...]) it was no neede to byd diuers troupes of the Emperours armie to bye after them:The French king retireth backe with his armie. but ſome made to much haſte: for the French king ſuſpecting what woulde enſue, appoynted his eldeſt ſonne Henrie the Dolphin to remayne behinde with the rerewarde, accompanied with diuerſe noble Captaynes, which ordered their people in their retire, with ſuch waryneſſe and heedefull ſkill, as the reaſon of warre required, that ſuch of the Emperours campe as aduentured ouer raſhly, and ſhewed themſelues more forwarde than wyſe, fell within daunger of ſuch embuſhments as were by the waye courtly layde in places of aduauntage: and ſo diuers were taken, as Sir George Carlle, Sir Thomas Palmer Knightporter of Caleys, Edwarde Bellingham, and others. But neuertheleſſe a great number of ſuch Frenchmen as coulde not make waye, and keepe pace with their mayne troupes, were [...]apped vp, ſlayne, and taken in no ſmall numbers by their enimies y^t folowed thē as egre as tigres.

This was after Alhalowentyde, ſo that now by reaſon the Winter was farre entred, and the weather waxing extreame foule, and contrarie to an armie that ſhoulde lye in the fieldes, the Emperour brake vp his campe and licenced the moſt part of his people in departe home into their countries,The [...]or breaketh vp his campe. for all hope to wyn Landerſey at that time was cleane cut off, ſithe it was vittayled & newly furniſhed with freſh men & municiō.

After that the warres [...]e once [...]pon betwixt Englande and Fraunce, ſundrie enterprices were attempted by the parties on eyther ſide in the marches of Caleys and Bollognoys, in which, for the more putt, the Engliſhmenne got the vpper hande of their enimies.

At one time the Frenchmen, to the number of eyght hundred comming in the night ſeaſon to enter into the Engliſhe pale by the turne pike at Hammes, in purpoſe to make ſome ſpoyle in the countrey there, were aſſayled vppon the ſodaine by ſir George Somerſet, and Sir William W[...]lgraue, lately before came ouer wyth two hundreth men out of Suffolke, to ſtrengthen the Engliſhe pale againſte the enimies, and at this time did behaue themſelues ſo valiantly, that they diſappoynted the enimies of their purpoſe; for where as they were entred into a lane encloſed with hedges an eyther ſide, ſixtene Archers getting into the groundes on the backe ſide of the [...]dges lying alongſt the lane, through whiche the French menne were marching, placed themſelues as they ſawe their aduauntage, and ſo beſtowed their ſho[...]te, that they called the Frenchmen[...], in ſuch wyſe, that they were forced to recule in ſo great diſorder, that other of the Engliſhmenne comming vpon them, eaſily flew and tooke of them no ſmall number.

B[...]de this, at ſundrie tunes the Engliſhe menne inuading the Countrie of Bollognoys, waſted the townes and villages, brought away great [...]oot[...]es of goodes and cattayle, to the great impoueriſhing of the Countrie.

They burnt at one time the towne of Audinghen, and tooke the Steeple of the Churche there, into the which were fled vj. ſcore peiſants, with their wyues and children, whome the Engliſhmenne threwe downe headlong out of the ſteeple, bicauſe they had moſt ſtubbornely refuſed to yeelde.

In this yeare a great death of the Peſtilence reigned in London,A great death in London. and therfore Michaelmas terme was adiourned to Saint Albons, and there kept till the ende thereof.

In Chriſtenmas weeke came to the king lying at Hampton court, Ferdinando Gonzaga Vireroy of Scicilie, prince of Malfeta, Duke of Iuano, the Emperors captaine generall.Ambaſſadors from the Emperour. The chiefeſt cauſe of his comming, was to appoynt what time the Emperours armie ſhould be redy to inuade France, he had g[...] cheare, and at his departure was rewarded with Cliij. ounces of golde in place, iiij.M.iij. ounces in gylt plate, all verye curiouſly wrought, and all the time of his being here, his charges were borne by the king. The ſunday before Chriſtmas the L. William Pa[...] brother to the Queene, who had ma [...] y^e daughter [...] of Henrie Burchier earle of Eſſex,The Lord Pa[...] created Earle of Eſſex. at Hampton Co[...] was [...]t[...] earle of Eſſex, & ſir William P[...] [...]ght, vn[...] to thē both, was made Lord Pa[...] of Hor[...], and chamberlaine [...] Queene. On N[...] yeares day,1544
The Lorde Wriorheſley. was ſir Thomas Wriotheſley the kings [...] rie, made L. Wr[...]h[...]y of T[...]field. In this meane while was the Cardinal de Scotland deliuered forth of priſon, & ſhortly after got into his hāds again al ſuch [...] [...]ns as [...] made [...] ching the mariage betwixte the Queene of Scots and Prince Edwarde, procuring in maner all the Lordes and Nobles of the Realme, to renounce that, whiche they had promiſed to the King of Englande, as well diuerſe of thoſe whome the ſayde king had releaſed home out of captiuitie, as other, wherwith the king tooke ſuch ſore diſpleaſure, y^t he prepared an armie to poſſe into Scotlande by ſea,The Earle of Hertforde Lieutenant of the North. and ordeyned the Earle of Hertforde to be Lieutenant of the North partes, and to haue the leading of the ſame armie, who went thither in Marche, as well for defence of y^e borders, as to foreſee al things in order for the armie that ſhould thus go into Scotlande, whereof he was appoynted generall.

When all things were in a readineſſe for the nauie which was rigged to ſet forward towards Scotlande,The Lord admiral Dudley [...]etteth forth [...]rom London [...]owards Scot [...]nde. and that the ſouldiers were come whiche were appointed to goe with Sir Iohn Dudley Lorde Liſle, and high Admirall of Englande in that voyage, they were imbarked, and ſo the xxij. of March the ſayde Lorde Admirall, with ſir Nicholas Pointz, and diuerſe other Knights and Captaynes departed from the port of London towards the North parts, and comming to Newcaſtell, founde the Earle of Hertforde readie with ſuch power as was appoynted to be there at a day aſſigned, forth of thoſe coū tries that lye from Trent northw[...]ds, and now wanted nothing to further their iourney, but a conuenient wynde which cauſed them to ſtaye certaine dayes at the ſayde towne of Newcaſtel, and in the villages thereabouts.

An. reg. 36. After that the Earle of Hertforde, and the Lord Admirall, accompanied with the Earle of Shreweſburie, the Lordes Cobham, Clinton, Conyers, Stu[...]ton, the Lorde William Howarde, and many other right valiant Knights, Gentlemen, and Captaynes, had lyen with the armie and nauie readie at Newcaſtell a certaine tyme,The army ſet [...]eth forwarde [...]y ſea towards Scotland. looking for a proſperous wynde to ſet forwarde on their purpoſed iourney, at length the ſame came about very fitte to ſerue their turne, and then with all ſpeede the ſouldiers were beſtowed abourd, euery companie in their appointed veſſels, and herewith vp went the ſayles, and forth they got into the maine ſeas, making their courſe directly towardes the Forth, a gulfe or riuer in Scotland, able to beare veſſels fiftie m[...]es vp within the countrie. There were at the leaſt two hundred ſayle which the Lorde Admiral had cauſed to come togither, according to his Commiſſion, rigged, trimmed, and furniſhed wyth all things neceſſarie for the conduction of ſuch an armie.The number [...]f the Engliſh [...]rmie. The number whereof was eſteemed to be about x.M. men.

The Engliſhe [...]rmie landeth [...]n Scotland.The thirde of May they arriued in the Forth, entring betwene two Iſlands, the Bas and the Maye.

The next day being the fourth of Maye, the whole armie was landed two myles beweſt the towne of Lythe, at a place called Grantham cragge, and forthwith the Lord Lieutenant putting his people in good order of warre, marched on towardes the ſayde towne of Lythe. The Lorde Admirall led the forewarde, the Lorde Lieutenant the battayle, & the Earle of Shrewſburie gouerned the rerewarde.

Before they came to the towne of Lythe, they founde in their way readie to impeache their paſſage, vj.M. horſemen beſide footemen.

At the firſt the Scottes made towardes the Engliſhmen as if they had ment to ſet vpon the vowarde:The Scots offer to impeach the Engliſhe mens paſſage. but being manfully aſſayled by the harquebutters, fiue hundred in number, and ſhrewdly by them curried and galled, they had no mynde to come forwarde, but perceyuing how willing the Engliſhmen were to encounter with them, after certaine ſhot on both ſides,The [...]ts [...] to Edenburgh. they made a ſodaine retreate, and leauing their artillerie behinde them, they fled to Edenburgh.

The firſt man that fled, as the talke went, was the Cardinall, who perceyuing the deuotion which the Engliſhmen had to ſee his holyneſſe, had no minde to tarie. With him alſo fled the Gouernour, the Earles of Huntley, Murrey, and Bothwell.

The Engliſhmen thus hauing put their enimies to flight, and ſeazed vpon their Artillerie,The Engliſh arm[...] [...] into Ly[...]. made ſtreyght to the towne of Lythe, and entred it without any great reſiſtance, wherein they encamped themſelues the ſame night to their moſt eaſe and aduantage, and afterwardes landed their vittayles and great artillerie. They founde alſo in this towne ſuch plentie of riches as they looked not to haue founde in anye one towne of Scotlande.

The ſixt of May they went towards Edenburgh, and as they approched neare the towne,The prou[...] of Edenburghs requeſt. the Prouoſt of the ſame towne accompanied with one or two Burgeſſes, and two or three officers at armes, deſired to ſpeak with the kings Lieutenant, & in the name of all the towne, ſayde that the keyes of the towne ſhoulde be deliuered vnto his Lordſhip, condicionally that they might go with bagge and baggage, and the towne to be ſaued from fire.The Earle of Hereforde anſwere. Wherevnto aunſwere was made by the ſayde Lord Lieutenant, that where the Scots had ſo manifeſtly broken their promiſes confirmed by othes and ſeales, and certified by the whole Parliament, as was euidentlye knowne to the world, he was ſent thither by the Kings highneſſe to take vengeance of then deteſtable falſhoode, to declare and ſhewe the [...]ce of his highneſſe ſworde to all ſuch as ſhoulde make any reſiſtance vnto his Graces power ſent thither

The names of the Knightes made at Leith after the brenning of Edenburgh by the Earle of Hertforde, generall of the Kings army there, on ſunday the eleuenth of May, in the ſixe and thirtith yeare of the raigne of Kyng Henry the eight, Anno Chriſti. 1544. as they were deliuered to me by Sir Gilbert Dethike Knight, alias Garter, King of armes.

THe Lord Clinton.
The Lord Conyers.
Sir William Wroughton.
Sir Thomas Holcroft.
Sir Edward Dorrell.
Sir Iohn Luttrell.
Sir Iohn Ienins.
Sir Thomas Waterton.
Sir Charles Howard.
Sir George Blount.
Sir Peter Mewtas.
Sir Edward Warner.
Sir Raufe Bulmer.
Sir Hugh Cholmeley.
Sir Tho. Lee, commonly called Doctor Lee.
Sir Richard Legh.
Sir Peter Legh.
Sir Iohn Legh of Boothe.
Sir Laurence Smith.
Sir William Vauaſour.
Sir Richarde Shirburne.
Sir Robert Stapleton.
Sir Thomas Holt.
Sir William Dauenport.
Sir Raufe Leyceſter.
Sir Humfrey Bradborne.
Sir Thomas Maliuerey.
Sir Frauncis Hothome.
Sir Iohn Maſſy.
Sir Leonard Beckwith.
Sir Thomas Cokayne.
Sir Peter Freſhwell.
Sir Richard Egerton.
Sir Anthony Neuill.
Sir Iohn Neuill.
Sir William Radeliffe.
Sir George Bowes.
Sir Vrian Brereton.
Sir William Brereton.
Sir Roger Brereton.
Sir Edward Waren.
Sir Brian Leyton.
Sir Robert Wurſeley.
Sir Thomas Talbot.
Sir Hugh Caluerley.
Sir Iohn Clere.
Sir Richard Holland.
Sir Thomas Venables.
Sir Iohn Conneſtable.
Sir Edmund Trafford.
Sir Iohn Atherton.
Sir Richard Cholmeley.
Sir Philip Egerton.
Sir Hugh Willoughby.
Sir Thomas Conneſtable.
Sir William Woodhouſe.
Sir Edmond Sauage.
Sir Thomas Gerard.

Theſe names muſt come in at the .1593. page, ſecond Collome and ſecond line.

for that purpoſe. And therefore he told them reſolutely, that vnleſſe they woulde yeelde vp their towne franklye without condicion, and cauſe man, woman and chylde to iſſue forth into the fields, ſubmitting them to his will and pleaſure, he would put them to the ſword, and their towne to the fire. The Prouoſt aunſwered that it were better to ſtand to their defence. Whervppon commaundement was giuen to the ſayde Prouoſt and officer at armes, vpon their perill to depart, and forthwith the Lorde Lieutenant ſent to the [...]warde, commaunding that they ſhoulde marche towarde the towne, which right hardely they did, and the Engliſh gunners manfully aſſayled the gates,Sir Chriſtopher Morice. namely ſir Chriſtopher Morice Maiſter of the ordinaunce, inſomuche that the Scottes were beaten from their ordinance, and the gate called Canogate beaten open with ſhot of the great attillerie, & therewith the Engliſhmen entring the ſame gate by fine force, [...]gh en [...]d by force. bee downe & ſlew a great nūber of Scots, and continually without ſtaying was the great ordinance drawne vp the ſtreete to the Caſtell gates, but thoſe that were within the Caſtell ſhot ſo freely at the Engliſhmenne thus approching with their great artillerie, that diuerſe were ſlayne the artillerie of the Caſtell beate ſo directly al[...]ngſt the high ſtreete, as the Engliſhe men came vp the ſame. At length alſo one of the Engliſhmens Ca[...]g[...] [...] ſtriken, and [...] mounted therevpon they were forced to retire backe and giue [...] their interpriſe of making [...] to the Ca[...], wanting Pioners, baſkets, [...] other things neceſſarie for ſuch a purpoſe.

This daye the Engliſhmen ſet free in diuers partes of the towne, but they had not leyſure to maintaine it, by reaſon of the ſmoke ryding and troubling them ſo extremely, that no great hurt coulde be bo[...]e that daye, for that the night alſo came [...], and ſo they departed backe againe to their campe at Lythe. [...] the next daye, a certaine [...]bes of Engliſhmen vnder theſe [...]ing at [...] [...]r Deigh, went againe to Edenburgh, and did what they coulde [...]ly to deſtroye the whole towne with [...], and [...] continued all that day [...]che two dayes [...] following.

The L. [...]rs brought a power of horſmen from the [...] In the meane time, foure thouſād light horſmen, [...] the leading of the Lord [...], came from [...] borders, as by[...] it was taken afore, and ioyned themſelues with the [...] thus lying in [...] of Edenburgh had for the ſafetie of the ſame conueyed out of the towne.

The xiiij. day, the Engliſh men brake downe the pyre of the hauen of Lythe, and brent euerye ſticke of it. This done, and hauing ſhipped their great artillerie, and taken forth all ſuch Scottiſh ſhippes as were meete to ſerue, appointing them to attende on their ſhippes, they tooke vpon them to returne home by lande. Amongſt other ſhips which the Engliſhmen had in Lythe hauen there were two of notable fayreneſſe, the one called the Salamander, giuen by the French king at the mariage of his daughter and Scotland, and the other called the Vnicorn, made by the late Scottiſhe king. The dalaſt of theſe two ſhippes was Canon ſhot, which they founde in the towne, to the number of foure ſcore thouſande. The reſt of the Scottiſh ſhippes being taken away togither with their owne ſhips, which they brought with them, were for the more part peſtered with the ſpoyle and booties of the ſouldiers and mariners.

On the .xv. of Maye, their armie and their fleete departed from Lythe both in one houre,Lythe burne. the towne being ſette on fire and burned to the grounde.

The Engliſhe armie encamped that night at a place called Seton, ſeuen myles from Lythe, where they burnt the caſtell, and deſtroyed the orchards and gardens with the more deſpite,The Lord Seton. for that the Lorde Seton owner of the place, was the chiefe labourer to helpe the Lorde Cardinall out of priſon.

The ſame daye was Hadington burnt,Hadington burnt. with a great Nunrie and houſe of Friers there.

The next night they encamped beſide Dunbar, where they had an alarme giuen them,Dunbar bre[...] but in the morning they burnt the town of Dunbar, and marched forth, though ſomewhat ſtayde by the way, by reaſon of the myſt and fogge, which was very thicke, continuing all the fore [...]ne, and bicauſe alſo they vnderſtoode how y^e Lords of Seton and Hume, [...]h the Larde of Bouclough, and others, had aſſembled a power of mē of warre, and were minded to impeach their paſſage, at a ſtrait named the Peaſe. But after that the my[...] brake vp, which was about two of the clocke in the afternoone, the Engliſh men came forwarde, & paſſed the ſame [...] without any [...]ce, for the Scottiſh Lordes perceyuing that they were not of power ſufficient to incoū ter with the Engliſhmenne, my[...] not to put their people in further danger, but wiſely re[...]d, ſuffering the Engliſhmen to paſſe at [...] ſ[...]e, who that night lodged at [...]a [...]n, eyght myles diſtant from our borders, where hauing ouerthrowne a pyle which [...] there, they diſ [...]o[...]ged the next morowe,The ende of this voyage. and the ſame daye be [...] the xviij. of Maye, they entred into Barwicke, ſo ending their voyage with great ioye and gladneſſe, not hauing loſt paſt fortie perſons in all this iourney.

Townes brent in the ſame voyage.The names of the chiefe townes, Caſtels and places burnt in this voyage, were theſe: the borowe and towne of Edenburgh, with the Abbay called holy Roode houſe, and the kings palace adioyning to the ſame. The town of Lythe brent, and the hauen and pire deſtroyed. The Caſtell and village of Cragmiller. The abbay of Newbottell. Part of Muſkelborow towne, with the Chappell of our Ladie of Lauret. Preſton towne, and the Caſtell. Seton Caſtel, Hadington towne, with the Friers and Nunrie. A Caſtell of Oliuer Sanklers. The towne of Dunbar, Lanreſton with the grange.

Drilaw.
Weſter crag.
Enderligh, the pyle, and the towne.
Broughton.
Theſter fieldes.
Crawnend.
Dudiſton.
Stan houſe.
The Ficket.
Beuerton.
Tranent.
Shenſton.
Markle.
Trapren.
Kirklande hill.
Hatherwike.
Belton.
Eaſt barnes.
Bowlande.
Butterden.
Quickwoode.
Blackburne.
Ranton.
Byldy and the
Tower.

Kynkorne, Saint Minees, the Queenes ferry, part of Petin Waynes, & the brent Ilande, were brent by the fleete on y^e ſea. For during the continuance of the armie at Lythe, the ſhippes laye not ydle, but ſcouring the riuer, brent diuerſe places, and left neyther ſhip, Crayer, nor Boate belonging to any village, towne, creeke, or hauen, vpon eyther ſide of the Forth, betwene Sterling, and the mouth of the riuer, vnbrent, or brought awaye, whiche ſpace conteyneth fiftie myles in length.

See more here of in Scotland.About the ſame time, the Earle of Lenoxe fled out of Scotlande into this Realme of England, where he was right gladly receyued by K. Henrie, and ſhortly he obteyned in mariage the Ladie Marie Douglas, Neece to the king of Englande, and returned ſoone after into Scotlande by ſea, accompanied with a good campetent crewe of Engliſhmen, but finding no ſuche friendſhip among his countrymen as he looked to haue done, he was conſtreyned to returne without atchieuing the enterpriſe which he had taken in hande, in hope of ſuch aſſiſtance by his frends, as nowe fayled him at neede.

About the ſame time that the armie before remembred, was ſet forwarde into Scotland vnder the guyding of the Earle of Hertforde, as before ye haue hearde, the King by aduiſe of his Counſell, tooke order for the leuying of a mightie armie, to paſſe ouer into Fraunce, according to the appoyntment taken with his confederate,An armie leuied to inuade Fraunce. frend and colleague, the Emperour, againſt the French king, at that preſent, common aduerſarie to them both.There battailes appointed with their ſeuerall Lieutenants. There were appointed three battayles, the vowarde vnder the leading of the Duke of Norffolke, the battaile vnder the guiding of the Duke of Suffolke, which alſo was reckened to be the Kings battaile, bicauſe his Maieſtie ment to be preſent with the ſame in perſon, and the rerewarde was led by the Lorde Ruſſell Lord priuie ſeale. Thoſe of the foreward were apparailed in blewe cotes garded withre[...], and had cappes and hoſen after the ſame ſuite, partie blewe and partie red, their cappes made in for their ſculles, which were put into the ſame. The battaile in coates, cappes, and hoſen, after the like faſhion, but their colours were red and yelowe, and the rerewarde blewe and yelowe.

The Duke of Norffolk and the Lord priuie ſeale,The Duke of Norfolke and the Lord [...]ieuie ſca[...] accompanied with diuerſe other noble men, as the Earle of Surrey ſonne to the ſayde Duke of Norffolke, marſhall of the fielde, the Earle of Oxeforde, the Lorde Grey of Wilton Lieutenant of H[...]s, whoſe name euen then began to growe famous, the Lorde Ferrers of Charteley, and ſir Richarde Deuere[...]r his ſonne and heire, that brought with them a great number of Welchmen, ſir Thomas Cheiny Lorde Warden of the Cinque ports, the Lord Mountioy a towardly yong gentleman, w[...] learned, and for his time perfect in all pointes and qualities fit for a noble man, Sir Frauncis Brian knight, one of the Kings priuie chamber, and no leſſe affectioned to his ſeruice, than of him [...] red and well eſteemed, ſir Thomas Poynings Captaine of Guiſnes, and diuerſe other beſide, no leſſe, worthie to be remembred for their va[...]ure and merites, if time woulde permitte to [...]e them, paſſed ouer to Cal[...]is about Whitſu[...]e, and from thence marching forward into France, left Bologne on their right hande, and keeping forth towards Muttrell, ioyned with an armie whiche the Emperour had rayſed for [...] poſe,The Cout[...] de Baron. vnder the leading of the Co[...] de Ba[...] Admirall of the lowe coun[...]ies, and ſo theſe [...] mies being vnited in one, came before M[...] and there layde ſiege to that towne, being [...]ell manned and furniſhed with all things neceſſarie for defence as well in vittayles as [...]nition. The chiefe Captaine of which towne,Monſi[...] [...] Bi[...]. was Mō ſieur de B[...] one of the Marſhals of Fraunce, and gouernour alſo in the abſence of Monſ[...] de V[...]ndoſme, of Picardie, who being within Bullogne and hearing howe the Engliſh armie was paſſed by, and drewe towards M[...]ell he left Bullogne, and with all ſpe[...]de got hi[...] into M[...]ttrell, not miſtruſting any thing of that [...] licie which the king of Englande went about, which was, to ſende this armie to beſiege Muttrell, to the ende the Frenchmenne mighte bee kept occupied further off, while he with the reſidue of his power ſhould come and beſiege Bollogne, which towne ſtanding moſt commodious for his purpoſe, he ment by force to bring vnder his ſubiection.

The Duke of Suffolke.Herevpon was the Duke of Suffolke appoynted with the kings armie to p[...] [...] [...] compani[...] with the [...] of the fielde the Lorde Saint Iohn, and the biſhop of Winch[...]ſter, ſir Iohn G[...]ge Campt[...]ller of the Kings h[...]ſe, ſir Anthonie Browne Maiſter of the Kings horſe, with diuerſe other worthie Captaines, the which the xix. of Iulye came before Bollogne,Bollogne beſieged. [...]ped on the Eaſt ſide of the ſome towne alo[...] vpon the h[...]l, and after for his more ſafetie remoued into a valley, where after many ſharpe ſkirmiſhes they firſt entred the baſe towne being left and forſaken by the inhabitants, which hauing ſet fire on their fiſhing nets, and other ſuch baggage, vnder couert of the ſmoke, got them vp into the high towne, before the Engliſhmen coulde eſpie them.

After this, the Olde man, otherwiſe called le toure dordre, ſtanding without the towne for a direction to them that were to enter the hauen, and nowe being kept by xvj. ſouldiers, was yeelded vp by them vpon preſenting the Canon before it.

The Frenchmen within the towne, being diſpoyled of thoſe two places, yet ſpared not to ſhoote off from their walles and bulwarkes, doing what domage they might deuiſe, and namely from the Caſtell and greene Bulwarke they did much hurt to the Engliſhmenne with their ſhotte, whereof they made no ſpare, til at length they were forced to be quiet, for the Engliſhmen ſo applyed thē with ſuch plentie of their ſhot, that the Frenchmen had no oportunitie to doe them any great hurt with their artillerie.

The king paſſeth the ſeas to Bologne.The xiiij. of Iuly, the King in perſon, accompanied with diuerſe of the Nobilitie, paſſed the ſeas from Douer to Caleys, and the xxvj. day of the ſame Moneth, encamped himſelfe before Bologne on the North ſide, within leſſe than three quarters of a myle of the towne, where he remayned, till the towne was ſurrendred into his hands.

Beſide the trenches whiche were caſt, and brought in maner rounde about the towne, there was a mount raiſed vpon the Eaſt ſide, and diuerſe, peeces of artillerie planted aloft on the ſame, the which togither with the morter peeces, ſore annoyed them within, battered downe the ſteeple of our Ladie Church. To conclude, the batterie was made in moſt forcible wiſe in three ſeuerall places, and the wall[...]s, towers, and caſtell were vndermined, and the towne within ſo beaten with ſhot out of the campe, and from the mount and trenche by the Morter peeces, that there were very fewe houſes left whole therein. The towne thus ſtanding in great diſtreſſe, there were two hundred French men and Italians, which enterpriſed vnder the conduct of Ioncurtio to enter the towne in couert of the night, which exployt they ſo warily atchieued, that by meanes of a Prieſt that could ſpeake the Engliſh tongue, they paſſed by the ſcowtes, and through the watch, ſo as the moſt part of them were got ouer the trenches ere it was knowen what they were: to the number of ſixe ſcore of them got into the towne, but the reſidue after they were once diſcried, being intercepted, were taken or ſlaine. Although this ſmal ſuccours ſomewhat relieued them within, and put them in ſome hope to defende the towne ſomewhat longer againſt the Kings power, yet at length when a peece of the Caſtel was blow[...] vp, and the breaches made, as was thought reaſonable, the aſſault was giuen by the Lorde Admirall Dudley, that was come thither from the ſea,Boullogne aſſaulted. which he had ſcoured after his returne forth of Scotland. This aſſault was couragiouſly giuen, and to ſpeake a troth, no leſſe manfully defended; ſo that when the aſſaylants ha[...] perceyued in what ſtate the breaches ſtorde, and what prouiſion they within had ma[...] for defence of their towne, which vndoubtedly was great, for nothing was by them omitted, that might eyther aduauntage the defendants, or annoy the aſſaylants, thoſe that were appoynted in this ſort to giue the aſſault, were called backe, and ſo they retyred, but not without loſſe on both ſides, and namely of thē within: for during the time of the aſſault, the great artillerie did beate ſtill vpon them that preſented themſelues at the breaches, to repulſe the aſſaylantes, and ſo diuerſe of their valiant Captaines and braue ſouldiers were ſlayne at this aſſault, and among other, Captaine Philip Corſe.

Shortlye after, the Captaynes within the towne, doubting to be eftſoones aſſaulted, and perceyuing themſelues in extreme daunger to loſe the towne by force, if they prouided not the ſoorier, by rendring it, to ſaue themſelues: they ſent forth two of their chiefe Captaynes, Monſieur Semblemont, and Monſieur de Hay[...]s, which declared vnto the King, that Monſieur de Veruine gouernour of the towne, with his retinue was contented to deliuer the towne vnto his Grace, with condicion that they might paſſe with bagge and baggage, whiche requeſt, the king lyke a noble and mercifull Prince, freely graunted, and ſo the next daye, the Duke of Suffolke roade into Boullogne, vnto whom in the Kings name the keyes of the towne were deliuered,Boullogn deliuered. and in the afternone departed out of Bologne all the Frenchmen.

The number of them that went forth of Bollogne.The number of the men of warre that were ſtrong and able to ſerue, were of horſemen ſixtie ſeuen, of footemen fiftene hundred, lxiij. of which number eyght hundred were Harquebutters, of hurt men, foure ſcore and ſeauen, of women and children, ninetene hundred and twentie ſeauen, beſide a great number of aged and ſicke perſons, not able to depart with the other. The laſt perſon that came forth, was Monſieur de Veruine him ſelfe, who vpon his approche to the place where the King ſtoode, alighted from his horſe, and came to the King, and after he had talked with him a ſpace, the King tooke him by the hande, and he reuerently kneeling vpon his knees, kiſſed his hande, and afterwarde mounted vpon his horſe, and ſo departed, following his companie.

The eyght of September, the King hauing the Swoorde borne afore [...], by the Lord Marques Durſet, like a puiſſunt Conquerour roade into B[...]llogne, and the Trumpetters ſtanding on the wa[...]os, ſounded their Trumpettes at the time of his entring, to the great comfort of the beholders.

In the entring,The King entreth into Bollogne. there mette him the Duke of Suffolke, and deliuered vnto him the keyes of the towne, and ſo he roade forth to his lodging that was prepared for him on the South ſide of the towne.

Within two dayes after, the King roade about the towne within the walles, and appointed that our Ladie Church of Boullogne ſhould be taken downe, and in the place therof a mount to be made, for the more ſtrengthening of the towne.

Finallye, after he had ſet things in order for the ſafe keeping of this his towne of Bollogne, by his Princely force thus wonne out of the poſſeſſion of his aduerſaries handes, he appoynted the Lorde Liſle high Admirall of the ſeas, to be his Deputie of the ſame towne, and then determining not to ſtaye there any longer,The king returneth into Englande. he took[...] the ſeas, and returned into Englande, landing at Douer the firſt of October.

In this meane time; whyleſt the King of Englande lay, as ye haue hearde, with his ſiege about Bollogne, and the Duke of Norffolke, and Lorde priuie ſeale about Muttrel, the Emperour inuaded Fraunce by Champaigne, winning diuerſe Caſtelles and townes, as Comerſis, Ligny, Saint Deſir, Chaſteau Thiery, and others. But at the length meane was made by treatie to haue the matter taken vppe, as in the ende it was, and a peace concluded, without the conſente of the King of Englande,The Emperor concludeth a peace with the French king. although there was place left for him, and other Princes, to enter into this agreement of peace: but the Kyng of Englande hauing nowe defreyed no ſmall quantitie of treaſure in theſe warres, beſide the trauayle of his owne perſon and his people, and hauing the thing nowe in a maner ſure in his poſſeſſion, whiche he chieflye went about to obteyne, that is to wit, the ſtrong towne of Bollogne, he woulde not agree vnto any peace, except he might enioy that towne, at that inſtant readie to be deliuered into his hands, and euen nowe after it was to him deliuered, hearing that for certaine, the peace was concluded betweene the Emperour and the Frenche King he determined to breake vp his Campes: but neuertheleſſe to keepe Bollogne in his poſſeſſion, in deſpite of all his aduerſaries.

But here, before wee proceede anye further, we haue thought good ſomewhat to ſpeake touching the ſiege which all this whyle continued afore Muttrell, where the Englyſhemen and Burgonions enforced themſelues by all wayes and meanes they coulde diuyſe, howe to conſtrayne their enimies within the towne. On the other parte, Monſieur de Biez, and thou [...]ſt were with him in garde of the ſame towne, lefte nothing vndone that might ſerue for there defence, and make to the annoyance of their enimies.

The number [...] the men of [...] in Mut [...].There were with Monſieur de Biez within the towne, an hundred men at armes of the retinue of the Conſtable of Fraunce, vnder the leading of the Lorde de la Guiche, an experte man [...]wa[...]e. There were alſo with the Lorde of Genly, foure enſignes of Frenche footemen. Confite Betenger a Neapolitane, with a thouſande foremen Italians. Captaine Franciſco de Ch[...]aramont, a Neapolitane alſo, with the lyke number of Italian footemen: ſo that the towne might ſeeme ſufficiently furniſhed wyth men, and they wanted neyther ſhorte nor powder requiſite, ſo that there was no ſpare thereof when occaſion ſerued on eyther part.

[...] raiſedThe Duke of Norffolke and the Lord priuie ſecke cauſed a mount to be rayſed, and alofte ther[...] were certayne praces of artillerie planted to ſhorte into the towne. Moreouer, they compaſſed the walles ſo on eche hande with their f[...]all Campes and frenches, that hardlye might any eſcape eyther in or out, vneſpied.

Sir Frauncis Brian.Sir Frauncis Brian was appoynted with certayne handes conteyning about the number of a thouſande men, to lodge in a Campe fortified, by himſelfe, ouer agaynſt one parte of the towne, to ſtoppe certaine paſſages on that ſide, that no ſuccours ſhoulde enter by the ſame to the reliefe of them within.

There were ſkirmiſhes dayly betwixt them that ſallyed forth of the gates, and the Engliſhe men that warched and warded in the trenches, and other places.

One daye as ſir Thomas Poyttings ſouldiers were drawing in one of the frenches, an Italian ſecretly comming forth of the towne,Tiberio that [...]at ſerued the king of Englande. fetched awaye the ſayde ſir Thomas Poynings his enſigne, and notwithſtanding the purſuite that was made after him, he eſcaped and goe into the towne with it, to the great diſpleaſure of the whole campe.

But as the enimies ſometimes went awaye with the aduauntage of their attempted enterpriſes, ſo oftentimes againe, they payde for their aduenturing ouer raſhlye, aboue the common pryce of the market.

But here I cannot but lament the negligence vſed in that ſeaſon: for th[...] is not one Engliſh writer to be founde ex[...]ant, that hath written any thing effectually of the exploytes atchieued [...] that [...]ode[...] ſo as [...] to bor[...] [...] the aduerſaries that [...],Negligence of Engliſhmen for not putting their valiant doings in writing. wanting [...] of our owne N[...] to furniſh our owne ſ[...]re[...] according to our wiſhed purpoſe. But neuertheleſſe to [...] occaſion to thoſe that yet liue, and can beſt doe it, to ſette forth hereafter a more perfect diſcourſe thereof, I haue thought it not amiſſe to recite in parte what I haue read & learned of ſuche things as then were accounted worthie of relation, and nowe lyke to be baried in the dy[...]e booke of o[...]liuion, vnleſſe ſome fauourer of notable t[...]ntes chauneing [...] the aſſieg[...]ment of thoſe two townes, Boulogne and Muttrell, will put to his helping hande, to report the ſame to poſ[...]e.

Among other ſtatug[...]es, one I remember, deuiſed and put in practiſe by the Lorde M[...]ntlay, as thus. The enimies had eſpyed a place of aduauntage without the towne, where vnder fauour of the ſhotte of certayne peeces of their great artillery lodged vpon ſome platforms or Bulwarkes within the towne, they mighte lye without the wa[...]es, betwixte the Engliſhe mennes [...] and the towne ditches, and there couer themſelues within a little trenche or Counterſca[...]pe made for the purpoſe, and out of the ſame bee readie with theſe [...]uſſes, to ſhort at the Engliſhe menne, ſo ſoone as anye of them ſhoulde once ſhewe his heade out of the trenches, to the great daunger of them that warded in the ſame.

The Lorde Mountioye perceyuing this, deuiſed with himſelfe howe to [...]owſe the enimies out of that ſur[...]ing place, and with all came to the Duke of Norffolke, and deſired licence to put the deuiſe (which he had alreadie forecaſt in his mynde in practiſe: but the Duke being not willing that he ſhoulde putte himſelfe in ſuche daunger, was lo[...]he to graunt thereto, but rather perſwaded with him not to attempt it for (ſayde he) my Lorde, ye may doe the King better ſeruice, than ſo to [...]ey[...]at lyfe, and caſt your ſelfe away, as it is very like you ſhoulde, in aduenturing vppon ſuch a diſperate pe[...]e of ſeruice, and therefore I woulde not wythe you to meddle therewith, for we ſhall otherwyſe prouyde for the matter well ynough. But the Lorde Mountioy ſtill perſiſted in his ſuite very earneſtlye, declaring that he honored not by Gods helpe out to atchieue his purpoſe to hys good contentation without any great daunger, if that were executed which he tooke to be neceſſarie for the accompliſhment of his deuiſe,A politike ſea atchieued by the L. Montioy. and that was to haue [...] peeces of the great ordinance ſhot of that way forth, at what [...]nie the winde ſtoode meete to [...]a[...] foe fin[...] full vppon the place where the Frenchmen lay.

At length vpon his earneſt ſuite, the Duke the Duke gaue him licence to trie what he could doe, commaunding the great ordinaunce to be layd and charged ready to ſhoote off as he ſhould appoynt it. Herewith the Lorde Mountioye, taking with him fourtene of his owne ſouldiers (of the which number, one of them forſooke to go through with him when it came to the poynt) immediatly vpon the ſhooting off of the artillerie, and that all the grounde about was couered ouer with ſmoke, he ranne to the place where thoſe Frenchmenne laye vnder couert of their trenche, and ſo diſplaced them, that they had no lyking eftſoones to lodge ſo neare vnto ſuch vnfrendly neighbors.

Many other valiant and politike feates, no doubt, were atchieued during this ſiege, and happily as worthie the rehearſall as this: but ſithe it was the inuention of ſo noble a yong Gentlemanne,The L. Montioy a noble yong gentleman. I haue eſteemed it not impertinent to ſpeake thereof, and withall to lament the loſſe of the inuentor, who being taken awaye ſhortlye after, in his returne homewardes, by vntimely death, was lyke (if he had liued to greater yeres of experience) to haue proued comparable in valure to any of his noble progenitors.

But nowe to ſpeake of other incidentes that chaunced whyleſt this ſiege remayned before Muttrell, you muſt vnderſtande that the moſte part of the vittayles that was ſpent in the campe was brought to them eyther from the Kings campe at Boullogne, or elſe from Saint Omers, and to conuey the ſame ſo farre off it was needefull to haue the cariage garded with good troupes and bandes both of horſemen and footemen: for the Frenche fortreſſes were ſtronglye furniſhed with great numbers of men of warre, which vppon occaſions were readie to take aduauntages offered.

And as it fortuned at one time among other, there was a conuoy of certayne wagons loaden with vittayles, appoynted to come from Saint Omers, the ſame being garded with diuerſe handes of Engliſhmenne and Burgonions, ſent thither for that purpoſe, the which marching forwarde from Saint Omers, kept not ſo good order as had bene requiſite, whereof certayne companies of Frenche horſemen (that were abroade) being aware, ſet vpon the Burgonions that were attendant vpon the foremoſt cariages, and finding them in ſome diſorder, eaſily diſcomfited them, followed, and ſlewe them in the chaſe, till they came to the hyndermoſt cariages, where ſixe hundreth Engliſhe men that attended on the ſame empaled themſelues with their wagons,The Engliſh [...]chers gall [...]e French [...]emen. ſo as the Frenchmen coulde take no aduauntage: but with [...]ot of the Englyſhe archers were ſo curried and galled, that they were driuen to retire, and that inſuch haſte, as they lefte diuerſe of their cōpanie captiues in the Englyſhmens hands, beſide thoſe y^t were fayre layd to take their laſt ſleepe there on the ground. Neuertheleſſe, of the Burgonions there were ſlayne foure hundreth, and much good vitayles loſt, the bottomes of the hoggeſheades and other veſſels being beaten out, and many a good Flemmiſh Mare killed or taken. For the French men founde ſmall reſiſtance, as before ye haue hearde, till they approched to the Engliſh men, by whoſe accuſtomed manhoode, ſome parte of the vittayles of that conuoye was ſaued, to the reliefe of the Campe, which notwithſtanding, by loſſe of the reſidue ſuffered great want for the time.

Moreouer, ſomewhat towardes the latter ende of this ſiege, the Earle of Surrey ſonne to the Duke of Norffolke, and Marſhall of his fielde, accompanied with the Lorde Warden of the Cinque portes, and diuerſe other valiant Captaines Englyſhe and Burgonions, marched forth into the countrey towardes Abbeuile,Saint Requiers brent by the Engliſhmē where they tooke and brent a proper towne called Saint Requiers, and after comming to an other towne called Rieu, they founde no bodie at home, but women and children,Rieu ſacked. for the men were departed oute of it before their comming thither.

When they had taken their pleaſure in ſacking all ſuch goods as they found there fit to be caried away, they ſpared the town from fire, & ſo departed. And thus after they had bene two dayes and two nights abroade in the Countrie, they returned home to the Campe with a great bootie of beaſtes, ſheepe, and other things which they had got in that voyage.

But nowe to conclude with this ſiege of Muttrell, after the King had wonne Boulogn, and vnderſtoode howe the Emperour had agreed with his aduerſarie the French King, he reſolued to haue his armie to rayſe that ſiege,The ſiege at Muttrell broken vp. whiche thus had lyen before Muttrell, and with all conuenient ſpeede to drawe towardes Caleys, and bicauſe it was ſignified that the Dolphin of Fraunce Henrie was comming forwarde with a great power whiche had bene rayſed by his father the Frenche king, to reſiſt the Emperour, and nowe was ſent vnder the conduct of the ſayde Dolphin, to the ſuccours of them that were beſieged in Muttrell, the King ſent the Earle of Arundell, ſir Iohn Gage, ſir George Caroe, ſir Iohn Reynſforth, and other with a choſen number of luſtie ſouldiers vnto Muttrell, to reenforce his armie there, that in buying the Campe, and withdrawing back, they might be the better able to withſtande anye: attempte whiche the enimies might put in execution to their annoiance. And verily this was done with good aduiſe, and neceſſarie conſideration, for the Englyſhmenne that had lyen ſo long a tyme at the ſiege before Muttrell, wanting ſuche behouefull refreſhment as thoſe were ſtored with that laye before Boullogne (hauing the ſco[...] pen, and all things at pleaſure [...]rought vnto them forth of Englande) were fore weakened and decayed by death and ſickeneſſe, and nowe in rayſing their Campe had manye things to looke vnto, as well for the conueying of their ordinaunce, truſſe and baggage, as their freble and diſcaſed perſons, ſo that if the Dolphin with his armie, might haue made ſuch ſpeede forwarde, as to haue ouertaken them with his mayne power, before they had come to Boullogne, it was to be feared leaſt he myght haue put them in daunger of a playne diſtreſſe. But with ſuch timely foreſight as was vſed, the ſiege was rayſed, and the armie retired firſt to Boullogne, and after to Caleys without loſſe, although the French horſemen in great number folowed, and ſundrie times made proude profers to giue the charge vpon the hindermoſt companies but nothing was done to make great account of except certayne ſkirmiſhes that were procured, and alarmes giuen, as in ſuche caſes it fortuneth.

The Dolphin notwithſtanding that the ſiege was thus rayſed from Muttrell, ere hee coulde come thither,The Dolphin commeth before Boulogne with his great power. yet he kept forwarde his iourney to proue what he might doe to recouer Boullogne, whiche towne, the King of Englande, as ye haue heard, had left in the keeping of the Lord Liſle high Admirall. The ſame towne being then weake, God knoweth, on all ſides, through batterie and mynings, whiche by the Kings power had bene made, to bring it into his ſubiection, and the trenches not caſt downe, nor the ordinance mounted.

A camiſado giuen to baſe boulogne.The Dolphin being come before the towne, ſent certayne bandes of his beſt ſouldiers by night to giue a Camiſado vnto the baſe towne. They that thus were ſent, entred the ſame the ninth of October, about two of the clocke in the morning, where they tooke the ſtande watches, and flewe beſide a greate number of ſicke and weake perſons, as well ſouldiers as other, before they coulde array themſelues, or well gette out of their beddes. But after, the Frenchmen and Italians fell to ryfling and breaking vp of cofers, ſcattering here and there abroade, and beganne to fall to their vittayles whiche they founde there in good plentie, the Engliſhmen that were driuen vppe to the gates of the hyghe towne, got weapons that were throwne downe vnto them forth of the ſame, and aſſembling togither, fiercely entred in amongſt the preace of their enimies. And herewith there ſallyed forth of the high towne, Sir Thomas P[...]ngs with a [...]nde of two hundreth Souldiers, the which togither with the[...]es, ſo beſt[...]ed themſelues, that they manfullye [...] backe them [...]ts,An ouerthrow giuen to the French at baſe Boulogne. ſlewe to the number of eyght hundreth of them, and chaſed the reſidue one of the towne which fledde ouer the ſandes vp to the hill, where the Dolphin himſelfe ſtoode with a great troupe of horſemen about him, and darſt not once came downe to the reſkewe of his people, for feare of the greate artillerie that with plentie of bullets ſalu[...]ed the enimies, after that the breake of the daye had once diſe[...]iere[...] haue in fight.

Amongſt other that were ſlayne in this repulſe, of the Frenchmenne, be Seign[...] de Foqueſſolles, an other of the Marſhall de Bi[...]z his ſonnes in lawe, and S[...]neſehall of Boulingone was one.

Thus the Dolphier perceyuing that it ſhould nothing anayle him to make anye further attempt againſt Boullegne, paſſed forth towards Guyſtnes, and ſhortly after through want of vitayles, and ſickeneſſe whiche fore infeſted hys Campe, brake vp his armie, and returned [...]to Fraunce.

But ſhortly after Chriſtmas, came downe an armie of fouretine thouſande, vnder the conduition of Monſieur de Biez,Monſieur de Biez cometh before Buloge with an armie the which the xxvj. of Ianuarie, encamped on the Weſt ſide of Boullogne beyonde the hauen, where they laye tenne dayes: but on the ſixth of Februarie, the Earle of Hertforde, the Lorde Admirall, as then L. Lieutenant of the town of Boulogn, the Lorde Greye of Wilton, Sir Thomas Poynings and others, hauing aſſembled out of the garriſons on that ſide the ſeas, to the number of foure thouſande footemen, and ſeauen hundreth horſemen, whereof an hundreth or foure ſcore were Al[...]anoyſes, iſſued forth of Boullogne aboute foure of the clocke in the morning, and comming to the place where the King had encamped during the time of the ſiege, they ſtayde there, and put themſelues in order of vattayle, and about ſixe of the clocke, it being then a lowe water, Captaine Edwarde Braye with three hundreth ſhotte, was appoynted to paſſe ouer, and to giue the enimies an alarme in their camp. At which inſtant the Trumpeters ſounded, and the Drummes ſtroke vp in the Engliſhe armie, and herewith they being deuided into three battayles, and to eche one his garde of two hundreth horſemen, beſide the adde hundreth that attended as a defence to the reſidue, they ſhewed themſelues to their enimies.

The Frenchmen perceyuing this,The French men diſlodg[...] out of their campe. packed away with all haſte poſſible, marching towarde Hardilowe in two battayles. Wherevpon the Engliſhe Captaynes leauing their [...]em in behinde them, & taking only with them the horſemenne, followed with all ſpeede after their enimies, and comming to the Bridge commonlye called Pont de Bri[...]qus, which certayne Engliſhe Carpenters garded, with a number of harque buſiers, and foure ſmall fielde peeces, had forced and repaired the ſame that night, and ſo the horſemen finding it ſufficiently repayred, paſſed ouer, and comming to Saint Eſtienne, they founde fine there hundreth Dutche horſemen, commonlye called Swart Reiſters, that were lodged there to keepe that paſſage: but being ſurpriſed on the ſodaine by the Englyſhe horſemen, and ſharply aſſayled, they were wholy diſtreſſed, and the moſt parte of them taken priſoners, and therewith left with the followers of the armie, were after ſlayne, bicauſe they knewe not where to beſtowe them.

But nowe the hill of Saint Eſtienne being thus gayned by the Engliſhe horſemenne, they put themſelues in order of battayle againe, appoynting an hundreth of their men at armes to followe and keepe aloofe as a ſtale to relieue their fellowes in tyme of neede, when they ſawe them in any daunger.

The Lordes to encourage euery one to doe his dutie, roade vp and downe about the troups, and vſing manye comfortable wordes,The comfortable wordes of the Engliſh Captaines. deſired them that although they were but an handfull in compariſon, to the number of their enimies, they woulde yet in regarde of the honour of the Realme of Englande, make a profer of an onſet to the enimies, that they might perceyue that there they were to giue them battayle, and to folowe,The Engliſhe [...]orſmē charge the Frenche battayles. as they ſhoulde ſee them their Captaynes and gouernours to leade them the waye. Herewith forwarde they make towardes the enimie, and ouertaking them three myles on the hyther ſide of Hardilo ſandes, they valiantly gaue the charge, and thruſting in betwixt the two Frēch battayles, ouerthrewe their cariages, tooke their ordinaunce and munitions, ſlewe and bare downe manye of them that preaſed forth to defende the ſame.

The valiant order of Monſieur de Biez.Monſieur de Biez being in the forewarde, brought backe the ſtrongeſt and beſt armed men he had, to reſiſt his enimies, raunging them in order ſo, as he ment to haue encloſed the Engliſhe horſemen betwixt his battailes and the ſea, and ſo to haue diſtreſſed them. But this purpoſe being eſpyed firſt of all by the Lorde Admirall,The Lord Admirall his rea [...]e cōceyuing [...]e meaning [...] the enimies the Engliſhmenne by his valiant encouragement, gaue a newe charge, and breaking through their rankes by force, came backe again vnto their hundreth men of armes that kept aloofe, and there ſtayed till their footemen might come to them, who by this time were aduaunced within ſight of them, but diſtant yet by the [...] of two Engliſhe myles, or[...]e leſſe.

Monſieur de Biez per[...]ing that the Engliſhe footemen began thus to approch, made forwarde agayne with his armie ſo faſt as was poſſible for his people to marche, drawing ſtill his armed men and beſt ſouldiers to the hindermoſt rankes, there to be readie to withſtande the Engliſhe menne as they ſhoulde offer to aſſaylt them, and in this order, the Frenchmen made awaye,Hardilo ſande. and reſted not till they came to Hardilo ſandes, being a place of ſuche ſtrength and aduauntage, by reaſon of the ſtraite, that after they were once got thither, they might account them ſelues out of all daunger, and therfore there they ſtayed, and diſpatched an Herault vnto the Chiefetaynes of the Engliſhe armie, to ſignifie vnto them that there they ment to abyde and to giue them battayle, if they woulde aduance forwarde to fight with them: but yet they would not in any wiſe come forth of their ſtrength vnto ſome euen grounde, although they were earneſtly required therevnto. Wherevpon the Engliſhmen, to light them a candle that they might ſee where they were, ſet all the villages & houſes about on a light fire, continuing the ſame al that afternoone, and moſt parte of the night following, and the next morning betwixt foure and fiue of the clocke, they came backe agayne vnto Boullogne with all their ſpoyle and priſoners.

They tooke in this encounter ſeauen peeces of artillerie, two of Braſſe, and fiue of Iron.Artillerie gayned. Alſo the peeces of aduauntage of the armour of Monſieur de Biez, beſide apparell, plate, and furniture in great plentie, as well taken in the field, as alſo in their campe, where they left their tents ſtanding, & all their prouiſion of vittayles wholy vnremooued. The ſame peeces of armour were ſent ouer into Englande to the King for a wytneſſe of the good ſucceſſe that had thus happened to his people in this famous enterpriſe, in the atchieuing whereof there were not paſt halfe a dozen Engliſh men ſlayne, beſide thoſe that were hurt, which neyther were many, as vnder halfe a ſcore at the moſt.

Whyleſt ſuche things were a doing aboute Boulogne, and other places,Stow. as before ye haue hearde in this xxxvj. yeare, the ſhippes of the weſt countrey and other coaſtes of this Realme, wafted abrode on the ſeas, and tooke to the number of three hundred and odde French ſhippes,Great prizes of French goods taken by the weſtern ſhips. ſo that the Grey friers Churche in London, was layd full of wyne, the Auſtine friers, and Black friers full of herring, and other fiſh that was taken as the ſame ſhoulde haue bene conueyed into Fraunce.

About the ſame ſeaſon, the King demaunded a beneuolence of hys ſubiectes ſpirituall and temporall,A beneuolence towardes the mayntenaunce of his warres agaynſte the Frenchmenne and Scottes.

The diſcomfi [...]e gotten by the Scottes at Halden rigge.In the beginnyng of Marche ſir Raufe Euers Lord wardeyn of the marches after manye fortunate roades and forreyes made into Scotland, aſſembled now about four thouſand men, and entryng with the ſame into Sco[...] lande, was encountred at Halydon riggs by the Earle of Arrayn and other Scottiſhmen, which ſo beſet the Engliſhmen with three batayles on eche ſyde,The valiaunt ſir Rafe Euers ſlayne. that in the ende they ſlewe the ſayd Lord Warden, with the Lord Ogle, and a great number of other Gentlemen and commons, beſyde priſoners, whiche they tooke, ſo that fewe eſcaped the Scottiſhmens hands.

Among other Priſoners taken, Richarde Read an Alderman of London was one,Reade, Alderman of Lōdon. who for that hee refuſed to paye ſuche a ſumme of money as the cōmiſſioners for the beneuolence demaunded of him, was cōmanded forthwith to ſerue the King in hys warres agaynſte the Scottes, and ſo was taken nowe at thys ouerthrowe. The death of Sir Raufe Euers was greatly bemoned: for he had ſhewed great profe of his valiant prowes at ſundry tymes before, namely in thys yeare paſt as at the taking and brenning of the towne of Iedworth, which enterpriſe was atchieued the .x. of Iune, beſide dyuers other exploytes fortunately brought to paſſe by his highe valiancie and manhoode, till his hap was at this preſent to finiſhe his dayes.

An. reg 37. Grafton.This yeare on Saincte Georges daye Syr Thomas Wriotheſley Lorde Chauncellor of England was made knight of the garter: alſo Trinitie Terme was adiourned by reaſon of the warres, but the Eſcheker and the Court of the Tenths were open, for thoſe that were accomptable in eyther of the ſayd courſes.

The .xiij. of Iune Robert Luken ſeruaunt to ſir Humfrey Browne one of the Iuſtices of the kings benche,Anne Askee & others arreigned & acquitte Anne Aſkew gentlewoman, otherwyſe called Anne Kyme, wyfe to one Kyme, a Gentleman of Lyncolneſhire, and Ioane Sauterey, wyfe to Iohn Santerey of London, were arraigned in the Guyld Hall of London, for ſpeaking againſt the Sacrament of the Aultar (as they tearmed it) contrarie to the eſtatute of. the .vj. articles: but bicauſe no witneſſe appeared againſt the women, nor againſte Lucane, one onely excepted, who was thought to accuſe him rather of malice, than otherwyſe, they were by .xij. honeſt ſubſtantiall men of the Citie (ſworne to paſſe vppon theyr Inditements) clearely acquit and diſcharged.

The ſame daye alſo was a Pewterer named Thomas Day diſcharged,Thomas Daye Pevvterer. by the pardō granted in the laſte Parliament, after hee hadde remayned in pryſon in Newegate the ſpace of three yeares nowe paſte condempned long before the date of the ſame pardon, for the article of aurycular confeſſion compryſed wythin the ſame ſtatute.

Aboute the ſame tyme, to wytte the ſeuenth of Iune a greate armye of Frenchemen came downe to Boullongne, and neare vnto the hauen encamped themſelues.Martin de Bellay. In this army were reconed to bee .xij.M. Lanſquenetz .xij.M. Frenche footemen .vj.M. Italians, iiij.M. of Legeonarie ſouldiors of France, & a .M. or xij. hūdred men of armes beſide .vij. or .viij.C. light horſmen. After ſome ſkirmiſhes not grea[...] lye to their aduantage, they began yet to build a forte, whiche at length they accompliſhed,The nevv for[...] before Bulley[...] as after ſhall appeare. The ſame moneth alſo the lord Liſle Admirall of England with the Englyſhe fleete entred the mouthe of Sayne,The English[...] fleete cōmeth before Nevvhauen. and came before Newe hauen, where a greate nauy of the Frenchmen lay, to the number of a ij.C. ſhips, and xxvj. galeys, whereof the Pope (as was reported) had ſent .xx. well furniſhed with men and mony, to the aide of the Frenche kyng. The Engliſhmen being not paſt an .C. and .lx. ſaile, and all greate ſhippes, determined not to ſet vpon the Frenchmen where they lay, but yet approching neare vnto them, ſhotte off certaine peeces of ordinance at them, and therby cauſed the galleis to come abroade, whiche chaunged ſhot agayn wyth the Engliſhmen.

The Galleis at the fyrſte hadde greate aduantage, by reaſon of the great calme. Twiſe eyther parte aſſaulted other with ſhotte of their greate artillerye, but ſuddainelye the wynde roſe ſo high, that the Galeys could not endure the rage of the ſeas, and ſo the Engliſhmenne for feare of ſlattes wet compelled to enter the mayne ſeas, and ſo ſayled vnto Porteſmouthe where the Kyng laye, for he hadde knowledge by hys eſpialles that the Frenchemen intended to lande in the Iſſe of Wyght, wherefore hee repaired to that coaſte, to ſee his Realme defended.

The Frenche [...]eete landeth [...]n the Iſle of VVight.After this, the eighteenth of Iuly the Admirall of France Monſieure Danchal[...]e halfed vppe ſayles, and wyth his whole Nauie came foorthe into the Seas, and arryued on the coaſt of Suſſex afore Bryght Hamſteede,The Frenchemen lande in Suffex. and ſet certaine of his ſouldiours a lande, to burne and ſpoile the countrey: but the Beacons were fired, and the inhabitantes thereaboutes came downe ſo thicke, that the Frenchemenne were driuen to flee with loſſe of diuers of their number, ſo that they did little hurte there.

Immediatly hervpō they made to the point of the Iſle of Wight called ſaint Helens point, and there in good order vpon their arriuall they caſte ankers, and ſent daily .xvj. of their galleis to the verye hauen of Portſmouth.

The Engliſhe nauie lying there in the ſame hauen, made them readye, and ſet out towards the ennemyes, and ſtill the one ſhotte hottelye at the other, but the winde was ſo calme, that the kyngs ſhippes could beare no ſaile, whiche greatly greeued the minds of the Engliſhmen, and made the ennemies more bolde to approch wyth their galteis, and to aſſayle the Shippes with their ſhot euen within the hauen. Yet the twentith of Iuly, the whole nauie of the Engliſhemen made out, and purpoſed to ſette on the Frenchmē, but in ſetting forward, through to much follye,The Marye Roſe drovvned by negligence. one of the Kings ſhippes called the Marye Roſe was drowned in the myddeſt of the hauen, by reaſon that ſhe was ouer laden with ordinaunce, and had the Portes lefte open, whiche were very lowe, and the great artillerie vnbreeched, ſo that when the ſhip ſhold tourne, the Water entred, and ſoddainely ſhee ſunke. In hir was ſir George Carewe knight and foure hundreth ſouldioures vnder his guidyng. There eſcaped not paſte fortie perſons of all the whole number.

The morrowe after aboute two thouſand of the Frenchmen landed in the Iſle of Wight, where one of their chiefe Capitaynes named le Che[...]alier Daux,Frenchmen diſtreſſed in the Iſle of VVight a Prouancoys was ſlayne with manye other, and the reſidewe wyth loſſe and ſhame driuen backe agayne to their galleyes.

The King perceyuyng the greate Armada of the Frenchmen to approche, cauſed the beacons to be fiered, & by letters ſent into Hampſhire, Sommerſetſhire, Wi[...]ſhire, and into diuers other countries adioining, gaue knowledge to ſuche as were appointed to bee ready for that purpoſe, to come with all ſpeede to encounter the ennemies. Wherevpon they repaired to his preſence in great numbers well furniſhed with armour, weapon, bictualles, and all other things neceſſarie, ſo that the Iſle was garniſhed, & all the fronters alongſt the coaſtes fortified wyth exceedyng greate multitudes of men.

The Frenche Capitaynes hauyng knowledge by certaine Fiſhermen, which they tooke, that the king was preſent, and ſo huge a power readie to reſiſte them, they diſancred and drew along the coaſte of Suſſex, and a ſmall number of them landed againe in Suſſex, of whom fewe retourned to their Shyppes, for dyuers Gentlemen of the countrey, as Sir Nicholas Pellham, and others, with ſuch power as was reyſed, vpon the ſuddayn, tooke them vp by the way and quickly diſtreſſed them.

When they had ſearched euery whereby the coaſte, and ſaw men ſtill readie to receiue them with battaile, they tourned ſterne, and ſo gotte them home agayne wythout any acte atchieued worthie to be mencioned.

The number of the Frenchmen was greate, ſo that diuers of them that were taken priſoners in the Iſle of Wyght, and in Suſſex,The number in the Frenche nauie. dyd reporte that they were three ſcore thouſande.

The Frenche King aduertiſed the Emperour moſte vntruely by letters, that his armye had gotten the Iſle of Wight with the Ports of Hampton, and Porteſmouth, and diuers other places.

In Auguſte following,The Earle of Hertford forrayeth the middle marches of Scotlande. the Earle of Herteford entred againe into Scotland with twelue thouſande men, and deſtroyed all the Towns in the myddle Marches, brente Coldyngham Abbey, and paſſed to the Weaſte Marches, ſore annoying and endomagyng the Scots, and yet neither they, nor the Frenchmen, that were ſente into Scotlande this yeare to the ayde of y^e Scots vnder y^e ledyng of Monſieur de Lorges, Montgomerie his father, durſt once come forth into the field to encounter with him.

Alſo in the beginnyng of this Moneth the Citie of London ſet forthe a thouſande Souldiors of archers, harquebuſiers pikes, and bills,The Londoners ſet foorth a povver into Fraunce. whiche went to Douer, and ſo paſſed ouer vnto Callais, to ſerue the King in his warres on that ſide the ſeas.

The ſame Moneth that valiant Capitaine Sir Thomas Poinyngs Knyght,The death of the valiaunt L. Poynings. Lorde Poinings, and the kings lieuetenant of his town & Marches of Bolongne departed this lyfe, after hee hadde to hys great honour atchieued many worthye enterpriſes in ſeruyce of hys Prynce agaynſte the ennemyes, ſo that hys deathe was muche lamented. A Gentleman vndoubtedlye deſeruing to bee hadde in perpetuall memory: and pitie it is, that diuers ſuche valiant feates as he in his life time atchieued, were not committed to writing, to remain for examples ſake to poſteritie.

Alſo the ſame moneth at Guilford died the noble and valiaunt Duke of Suffolke Charles Brandon Lorde greate Maiſter of the Kings houſholde,The death of the Duke of Suffolke. a ryght hardie Gentleman, and yet not ſo hardye, as almoſte of all eſtates and degrees of men, hygh and lowe, ryche and poore, hartely beloued, and his deathe of them greatly lamented:His iuſt commendations. Hys body was honorably buryed at Windſore, at the Kyngs coſtes. This man in his daies had done to the king and Realme, ryght agreable ſeruyces, as well in peace, as in warres, both in England, France, Scotland, and Irelande, he died the kyngs generall lieuetenaunt of his armye then appoynted to reſiſte the Frenchemen, if they durſte haue landed.

But nowe wheras, in this meane time we haue ſpoken nothing of the dooings in Scotlād, where the warre was ſtill continued, the King of France ſent thither certain hands of Frenchmen,Monſieur de Lorges ſente into Scotlande vvith certayne be[...]ch bandes. vnder the gouernement of Monſieure de Lorges to aide the Scottes againſte the Engliſhemen, and the Kyng of Englande waged many ſtrangers, and ſent them wyth certayne Engliſhemen to the borders, for defence of the ſame againſte the inuaſions of the enemies. For after the arriuall of the Frenchmen, a great armye of Scots was reiſed, and approched neare to the borders, where for a certayne tyme they encamped, ſo that many thought ſome notable enterprice would haue ben attempted. But after they had laine in campe a certaine time they brake vp, & departed without attempting any further exploite.

Shortely after the Earle of Hertforde lying on the borders, as lieuetenaunt of the Northe partes of Englande, callyng to hym an armye of .xij.M. men or thereabouts, what of Engliſhmen and ſtraungers,The Earle of Hertforde in [...]adeth ſcotlād. entred Scotland with the ſame, and brent a greate parte of the Mers, and Teuidale, as Kelſay Abbey and the town, Melroſe Abbey, and Driborn Abbey, alſo Iedworth Abbey, and diuers other places, towns, and villages, to the number of fiue ſcore.

Kelſay abbey was defended a while by three hundred Scottes, but in the ende the moſt part of them were ſlaine, and taken by the ſtrangers and other that gaue the aſſaulte. Thus the erle of Hertforde ſore endomaged the Scots by this inuaſion, and yet neither they, nor the Frenchmen theyr aſiſtantes, durſt come forth into the fielde once to encounter with hym.

On the ſixteenth of September a number of Scots and Frenchemen attempted to enter into Englande on the Eaſte borders. But the Engliſhemen perceyuyng them aboute to paſſe by a certayne ſtraite, ſette vppon them, and ſlewe and tooke of them to the number of ſeuen ſcore. Among the priſoners, that were taken, the lorde of Humes ſonne, and a French Captaine were accompted chiefeſt. Alſo in an other roade made into the Weſt borders, the Lorde Maxwels ſonne, & dyuers other were taken. But at an other time, aboute the ſame ſeaſon,Ouerthrovve[...] on both ſides betvvixt the Englishe and ſcottes. alſo certaine Engliſhmen to the number of .v.C. making their entrye by the Weaſte borders into Scotland, were diſcomfited by the Scots, and the more parte of them eyther taken or ſlayne. Thus were they occupyed as well on the borders betwixt Englande and Scotlande, in this ſeaſō, as alſo in the marches of Calais, Guines and Bullognois, where the garniſons lying in thoſe places, made contynuall roades and forreis into the marches of the enemies countrey, and oftentymes chaunced to encounter wyth ſome of their troupes.

The Captaine of Arde Monſieur de Dampiere hauing got for a ſupplie from the french campe at Boullogne, the companye of the men of armes that belonged vnto the duke of Orleans, led by his lieuetenāt Monſieur de Tavannes, chanced one day to encoūter with y^e Engliſhmen guyded by that valiāt Baron the L. Grey of Wylton, captaine of the Towne of Guines, who being accompanied with a number of valiant Gentlemen and Souldiors, diſtreſſed their ennemyes, and ſlew the Captayn of Arde the foreſayd Lord de Dampierre there in fielde. Diuers other ſkirmiſhes and encounters chaunced in that Sommer, on the further ſide the ſeas: and moreouer, now after that the Frenche Nauie was withdrawen, as yee haue hearde from the coaſtes aboute Porteſmouthe, that Martiall chieftain, ſir Iohn Dudley, lord Liſle, and high Admirall of England, hauing all his ſhyppes, men, munition, and furniture readie, ſet forwarde from Porteſmouth hauen, to haue fought with the Frenchmen, if they had ſtill kept the Seas, but they were withdrawne home into harburgh.

Wherevpon the lorde Admirall meanyng to reuenge theyr brauades, and preſumptuous attemptes made at Porteſmouthe, and in the Iſle of Wight, approched to the coaſts of Normandye, and landed wyth ſixe thouſande men at Treyporte, brente the Suburbes of that towne, wyth the Abbey, and certayne villages & houſes theraboutes. Alſo they deſtroyed xxx. ſhips and a Barke there found in the hauen, & after they hadde wrought their pleaſures, they returned to the ſea, and ſo home, not hauyng loſt paſte fourteene perſons in the execution of this whole enterpriſe. In thys meane whyle Monſieur de Biez beeing encamped neere to Bullongne wyth ſuche a puyſſaunt armye as beefore yee haue hearde, buſied aboute the buildyng of a forte, there was not ſuche dilligence vſed therein, as was promyſſed on hys parte in accompliſhing the ſame, to the Frenche Kyngs great diſpleaſure, as ſome write, who had ment wyth that armye if this forte had bene finiſhed at the appointed time) to haue gone to beſiege the towne and Caſtel of Guiſnes: But nowe the time beeyng prolonged, and not wythout ſome ſuſpition leaſte Monſieure de Biez cared not how long the warres endured in that ſorte, ſo as he might commaunde ouer ſo many princes and greate Lordes as were there vnder hys gouernaunce, at lengthe beefore the forte were fully finiſhed, hee remoued to Mont Lamberte wyth the more parte of the armye, pretendyng as thoughe hee ment to fight wyth the Engliſhemen, the whiche as he ſaide hee vnderſtoode were purpoſed to come wyth a conuaye of victuals from Callais to Bullongne. Whyleſt he there remained, many princes and great Lords came from the court that lay at an Abbey called Forreſt Montier .xj. leagues from Bollongne, beyonde Muttrell, on the waye towardes Abuille, in hope that battaile ſhould haue folowed betwixt the Engliſhe and Frenche armies. Among other that came thither are theſe remembred as principall, Monſieur Danguien, Monſieure Daumalle, Monſieure le Duc de Neuers, Monſieur le Conte de Lauall, and Monſieure de la Trimouille, Monſieure Daumalle eldeſt ſonne to the duke of Guiſe being lodged in the vantgarde that was gouerned by Monſieur de Briſſac chaunced one day to be preſent at a ſkirmiſhe, where ſhewyng hymſelfe verye forewarde he was ſtryken throughe the ſight of his helmet,Martin de Bellay, ſeigneur Lāgey in his memoires. with a light horſemans ſtaffe, that pearcyng in betwixte his noſe and his eye, entred halfe a foote into hys heade, as Monſieure de Langey wryteth, and breakyng off a twoo fingers beneath the yron, the ſame yron remained ſtill within his heade, but yet eſcaping out of the Engliſhemens handes, hee came backe to the campe, hadde the truncheon and yron pulled out of his head, and being dreſſed was conueied in a litter to Piquignye, where hee laye for two or three dayes, in ſuche daunger, that no manne looked that hee ſhoulde haue eſcaped wyth life.

There wer many of theſe ſkirmiſhes wherin the Engliſhmen bare themſelues ſo valiantly, that the Frenchemen wente away oftentymes with loſſe of many of their noble men and beſte Souldiours. At one time they loſte the Lorde Menaineville brother to the Lorde de Villebonne, being ſlaine wyth ſtroke of Launce and pike. At an other time, they loſt likewiſe a yong Lorde of Picardye called le Seigneur de Fretoye.

At length, after their newe forte or Baſtillion was brought in ſome ſtrengthe, they furniſhed it in moſt defencible wiſe with mē, munition and victualls, namyng it Monpleaſire: herewyth Monſieure de Biez departyng from Mont Lambert with parte of the armie, came downe towardes Calais, and entring into the Engliſhe Pale beſide Grauelyn,Monſieur de Biez fotrayeth the Engli[...] pale aboute Caleys. wanne certaine Bulwarks, and encountring diuers new bandes of Leiceſterſhiremen and other, latelye before ſent ouer, diſtreſſed them, and after brent certaine villages, forreyed the countrey almoſt to Marke, and afterwards in great haſte with their hootie and pillage they returned. This enterprice was exployted by the Frenchemenne aboute Saincte Matthewes daye in September.

There were with Monſieur de Biez at this enterprice the Lorde of Briſſac,Martin de Bellay. who gouerned the vauntgarde, and had wyth hym his owne companye of men of armes, and the light horſmen of whome hee had the generall conducte. There was alſo the company of men at armes that belonged to the Conſtable of Fraunce, led by the lorde of Guiche and fifty men of armes, vnder the gouernaunce of the Lorde of Helley, the compagnye alſo of the Lorde of Boiſy, the compagnye of the Lord Eſcars, and that of the lord de la Roche du Maine and others. There was alſo Monſieure de Tayes generall of the Frenche footemen and many yong princes and Lordes of highe eſtate, as Monſieure Francis de Bourbon, Duc Danglien, Francis de Lorraine Duke Daumalle lately recouered of hys hurte, the Duke of Neuers, and the Earle de Lauall that in this voyage was hurte with an harquebuſhe ſhotte in the arme.

The three and twentieth of Nouember, a Parliament beganne at Weſtminſter,A Parliament, A Subſidie graunted[...] in the which was granted to the King a Subſidie of the Spiritualtie of ſixe ſhillyngs the pounde, to bee paide in twoo yeares nexte enſuing: and of the Temporaltie two ſhillings & eight pence of the pounde in goodes, and foure ſhillings of the pound in lands, to be paide likewiſe wythin twoo yeares.

Alſo in this Parliamente all Colledges, Chauntries, and Hoſpitals were committed to the king, to order, by altering or tranſpoſing, the ſame as to hym ſhoulde ſeeme expediente, which at the prorogation of the ſame Parliament he promiſſed ſhould be done to the glorye of God, and the common profit of the realme. The .xxiiij. of December the ſaide parliament was proroged, on whiche day the King commyng into the houſe to gyue hys royall aſſente vnto ſuch acts as were paſſed, the ſpeaker made vnto him an eloquent Oration, to the whyche althoughe the cuſtome hathe euer bene that the Lorde Chauncellor ſhoulde make aunſwere, it pleaſed the king at that preſent to make the anſwer himſelf, whych he vttred as here enſueth.

Althoughe my Chauncellor for the time being, hath before this time vſed verye eloquently and ſubſtancially, to make aunſwer to ſuche Orations, as hathe ben ſet forthe in this hyghe Courte of Parliament, yet is hee not ſo able to open and ſette forthe my minde and meaning, and the ſecreates of my harte, in ſo plaine and ample manner, as I my ſelfe am and can doe: wherefore I taking vpon me to aunſwer your eloquent Oration Mayſter ſpeaker, ſay, that where you in the name of our welbeloued commons, haue both prayſed and extolled me, for the notable qualities that you haue conceyued to bee in mee, I moſte hartilye thanke you all, that you haue put me in remembraunce of my duty, which is to endeuour myſelfe to obtaine and gette ſuch excellent qualities, and neceſſarie vertues, as a Prince or Gouernour ſhoulde or ought to haue, of whiche giftes I recogniſe my ſelfe both bare and barren, but of ſuch ſmall qualities as God hathe endewed me withall, I render to his goodnes my moſt humble thanks, entending with all my witte and diligence to get and acquier to me ſuch notable vertues and princely qualities, as you haue alledged to be incorporated in my perſone: theſe thankes for your louing admonition and good counſell firſt remembred, I eftſoones thank you: again, bycauſe that you conſidering our greate chardge, not for our pleaſure, but for your defence, not for our gaine, but to our greate coſte, whiche wee haue lately ſuſteined, aſwell in defence of our and your ennemies, as for the conqueſte of that fortreſſe, whiche was to this realme moſte diſpleaſant and noyſome, and ſhall be by gods grace hereafter, to our nation moſte profitable and pleaſant, haue freely of your owne mindes graunted to vs a certaine Subſidye, here in an acte ſpecified, whyche verilye wee take in good parte, regarding more your kindenes, than the profite thereof, as hee that ſetteth more by your louyng hartes than by your ſubſtance. Beſide thys harty kindeneſſe, I can not a little reioyce when I conſider the perfecte truſte and confidence, which you haue put in mee, as men hauing vndoubted hope, and vnfained beleefe in my good dooings, and iuſt proceedings for you, withoute my deſire or requeſte, haue committed to mine order & diſpoſition al Chauntries, Colledges, Hoſpitalles, and other places ſpecified in a certayne acte, firmly truſting that I will order them to the glorye of God, and the profit of the common wealth. Surely if I contrarie to your expectatiō ſhuld ſuffer the miniſters of the Church to decay, or learning, which is ſo greate a Iewell, to bee miniſhed, or poore and miſerable, to bee vnreleeued, you myght ſaye that I beeing put in ſo ſpeciall a truſte, as I am in this caſe, were no truſtye friende to you, nor charitable to mine euen Chryſtian, neyther a louer of the publyke wealthe, nor yet one that feared God, to whome accompt muſt be rēdred of all our dooings. Doubt not I pray you, but your expectation ſhall be ſerued, more godly and goodly than you will wiſh or deſire, as hereafter you ſhall plainly perceiue.

Nowe ſithens I finde ſuche kindeneſſe on your parte towardes mee, I cannot choſe, but loue and fauour you, affirmyng that no Prince in the world more fauoreth hys Subiectes than I doe you, nor no ſubiectes or commons more loued and obeied their ſoueraigne Lorde, than I perceyue you doe mee, for whoſe defence my treaſure ſhall not bee hidden, nor if neceſſitie require, my perſone ſhall not bee vnaduentured: yet although I wiſhe you, and you with mee, to be in this perfect loue and concord, this friendely amitie cannot continue, except bothe you my Lordes Temporall, and my Lordes Spirituall, and you my louing ſubiectes, ſtudy and take payne to amende one thyng, whyche ſurelye is amiſſe, and farre out of order, to the whiche I moſte hartyly require you, whiche is, that Charitie and concorde is not among you, but diſcorde and diſſention beareth rule in euery place. Sainct Paule ſaith to the Corinthians, and the thirteenthe Chapiter, Charitye is gentle, Charitie is not enuious, Charitie is not proude, and ſo forthe in the ſaide chapiter. Beholde then what loue and Charitye is among you, when the one calleth an other heretik and Anabaptiſte, and he calleth hym agayn Papiſt, hipocrite & Phariſic? be theſe tokens of charitie amōgſt you, ar theſe ſigns of fraternal loue betwene you? no, no, I aſſure you that this lack of Charitie amongſt your ſelues wil be y^e hinderāce & aſſuaging of the feruēt loue betwene vs, as I ſaid before, except this wound be ſalued, & clerely made hole, I muſt needes iudge y^e fault & occaſion of this diſcorde, to be partly by negligence of you y^e fathers & preachers of the ſpiritualtie: For if I know a man, which liueth in adulterie, I muſte iudge him a lecherous, & a carnall perſon: if I ſee a man boaſt & bragge hymſelfe, I can not but deeme hym a proude man: I ſee here dayly that you of the Clergie, preache one againſte an other, teache one contrarie to an other, inueygh one againſt an other without charitie or diſcretion: ſome be too ſtiffe in their olde Mumpſimus, other be too buſy and curious in their newe Sumpſimus: thus all men almoſte bee in varietie and diſcorde, and fewe or none preaches truly and ſincerely the worde of God, accordyng as they ought to do: Shall I iudge you charitable perſones dooyng this? no, no, I can not ſo doe: Alas, howe can the poore ſoules liue in concorde, when you preachers ſow amongeſt them in your ſermons debate and diſcorde: of you they looke for light, and you bryng them to darkeneſſe. Amende theſe crimes I exhorte you, and ſet forth Gods worde, bothe by true preachyng, and good example giuyng, or elſe I, whome God hathe appointed his Vicar, and highe Miniſter here, will ſee theſe deuiſions extinct, and theſe enormities corrected, accordyng to my very dutye, or elſe I am an vnprofitable ſeruant, and an vntrue offycer. Althoughe I ſaye the Spirituall men bee in ſome faulte, that Charitie is not kept amongſt you, yet you of the Temporaltie bee not cleare and vnſpotted of malice and enuy, for you raile on Biſhoppes, ſpeake ſlaunderouſlye of Prieſtes, and rebuke and taunte Preachers, bothe contrarye to good order and Chryſtian fraternitye. If you knowe ſurely that a Biſhoppe or Preacher erreth or teacheth peruerſe doctrine, come and declare it to ſome of our counſell or to vs, to whome is committed by God the high aucthoritie to reforme and order ſuche cauſes and behauiours, and be not Iudges your ſelues, of your owne fantaſticall opinions, and vayne expoſitions, for in ſuche highe cauſes you may lightlye erre. And although you be permytted to reade holy Scriptures, and to haue the worde of God in your mother tongue, you muſte vnderſtande, that it is licenced you ſo to doe, only to informe your owne conſciences, and to inſtruct your children and family, and not to diſpute, and make ſcripture a railyng and a tauntyng ſtocke, agaynſt Prieſtes and Preachers, as manye lyght perſons doe. I am very ſory to knowe and heare, howe vnreuerentely that moſte precious iewell the worde of God is diſputed, rimed, ſong, and iangled in euerye ale houſe and Tauerne, contrarye to the true meanyng and doctrine of the ſame: and yet I am euen as muche ſorye, that the readers of the ſame, followe it in dooing ſo faintly and coldly: for of this I am ſure, that charitie was neuer ſo faint amongeſt you, and vertuous and godly liuing was neuer leſſe vſed, nor God himſelfe amongeſt Chriſtians was neuer leſſe reuerenced, honored, or ſerued, therefore (as I ſaide before) bee in charitie one wyth an other, lyke brother and brother: loue, dreade, and ſerue God, to the which I as your ſupreme heade and ſoueraygne Lorde, exhorte and require you, and then I doubt not, but that loue and league, that I ſpake of in the beeginning, ſhall neuer be diſſolued or broken betwene vs. And to the making of lawes whiche we haue now made & concluded, I exhort you the makers, to bee as diligent in putting them in execution, as you were in making and furtheryng of the ſame, or elſe your laboure ſhall be in vaine, and your common wealth nothing releued. Now to your petition, concerning our royall aſſent, to be giuen to ſuche actes as hath paſſed both the houſes, they ſhall bee red openly that ye may heare them: then were they openly redde, and to many his grace aſſented, and diuers he aſſented not vnto. Thus the kings oration was to hys Subiectes there preſent ſuche comforte, that the like ioye coulde not bee vnto them in this world. And thus the acts redde (as the manner is) and hys aſſent gyuen, his grace roſe and departed.

Many proper feats of armes were exploited and done in this meane while betwixt the partyes Englyſh and Frenche aboute Bolongne.1546 On the morrow after the feaſte of the Epiphanie there came a conuoye of victuals towards the Frenche forte, garded wyth three or foure thouſand lancequenetz vnder their coronell the Reingraue and certaine French horſmen.The Reingraue. The Erle of Surrey then lieutenant of Bolongne aduertiſed thereof, made out wyth ſuch power as he might conueniently ſpare of them within Boullongne and the old man, to cutte off thoſe victualles: but comming to encounter with the ennemyes at Saynct Eſtiennes hee was put to flyght,The Engliſhemen put to flyght. Syr Edwarde Poynynges Captayne of a bande called the Kynges garde of Bollongne was ſlaine in that conflicte, wyth a fifteene or ſixtene other Captains, beſide officers and common Souldiors. About the ſame time the Frenchemen made a voyage vnto the Iſle of Braſill, with a ſhip called the Barke Age[...], whiche ſhyppe they hadde taken from the Engliſhemen before: and in their way they mette with a little crayer: of the which one Golding was maiſter, a proper man and an hardy. The Bark perceiuing the Craier to be an Engliſhman, ſhotte at hir and bouged hir.The Barke Ager an englishe ship recouered. Wherevpon ſtrayghtwayes the Craier drewe to the greate Barke, and .6. or .7. of the Engliſhemen leapie into hir. In the meane time while the Frenchmen without regarde of perill towardes themſelues looked ouer hatches to beeholde howe the Crayer ſank there at hand before them not miſtruſting any thing y^t the Engliſhmē might do againſt them it fortuned that thoſe Engliſhi[...] which got vp into the bark, found in the ende thereof a greate number of lime pottes, which they with water quenched, or rather as the nature therof is, ſet them on fier, and threw them ſo thicke at the Frenchmen, whiche were there aborde, that they blinded them▪ in ſuch wiſe as thoſe fewe Engliſhmen that entred the ſhippe, vanquiſhed the Frenchmen, and driuing them vnder [...], ſhut the fame, and brought the barke away with them dome into Englande.

In the latter ende of March the [...]orden houſes called the Stews on y^e bank ſide in Southwarke were conuerted from ſuch filthie vſes by the kings commaundement,The Stevves ſuppreſſed. the baudes & cuſſions being pul out, & other perſons of honeſte behauior placed in their t[...]nths to inhabite in the ſame houſes. This was done by proclamation, & ſound of trūpet by an Herault of armes.

An. reg. 38.This yeare by meanes made by the Emperor, commiſſioners were appoynted to meete to treate of ſome accorde betweene the realmes of Englād & France, ſo that the kyng of Englande ſent ouer to Gui[...]nes, Cutbert Tunſtall Biſhoppe of Dureſme, ſir William Paget his Secretarie, and Doctour Tregonell: and the French King ſent to Arde a Biſhop, the chiefe Pre[...] of Rouen, & a Notarie, but no concluſion followed of their trauaile. Wherevpon the king of Englād hauing perfect knowledge howe the Frenchmen intended to builde a fortres at ſaint Iohns Road betwene Bollogne and Callais, to the greate annoyance of bothe thoſe places if they might haue compaſſed their purpoſe, hee ment to preuent that deuiſe of his aduerſaries, ſendyng ouer the erle of Hertforde and the lord Liſſe highe Admirall of Englande with many valiant Captaynes, which got the road bin two dayes before the Frenchmen had appointed to bee there.Hamble Thevve fortifyed by the Englishmen. But when they vnderſtood that the engliſhmen had ſo preuented thē, they ſtayed about Hardilow, where Monſieur de Biez their generall, gaue order to encampe, and durſt not once come forwarde to aſſay the Engliſh forces, ſo that without any impeachment by lande, the Engliſhmen builte certaine fortreſſes, to wit, two at the ſame place of S. Iohns Road, otherwiſe called Hamble Tewe, & an other aboute a two miles from thence, at a place called Blank Neſſe. There was in the earle of Herefordes campe beſide Engliſhemen diuers ſtrangers, Almaines, Spaniardes, and Italians, and bicauſe it is not much impeachmēt to the matter, we haue thought good here to ſet downe the whole number of all the Kyngs forces at that preſent in his paye that were there vnder the ſaide Earle of Hereforde the Kinges generall Lieutenant.

Firſt the ſayde earle, two hundreth. The lord William Sta[...]on, three hundred. Th[...]o[...] [...]oan Greye, brother to the Marques D[...]r, two hundreth. The two Bray[...], one hundred. sir Thomas Stywar[...] Marſhall of the hoſte, one hundred. Sir Henry Kneuer captain of the [...], one hundred. sir Iohn Harrington ſhre[...]arer of the army one hundred. Sir Thomas W[...]at mayſter of the ordeinance one hundred. Sir Maurice Barkeley, three hundred. Sir Thomas Holcrofte, two hundred. Sir Walter Dennis, two hundred Sir George Blewet, two hundred. Sir Richard Greeueſtelde, two hundred▪ Sir George Cornewall, two hundred. Sir Iohn Lutterell, one hundred. Sir Edmund Huffy, one hundred. George Thwikmarton, two hūdred Captaine Broughton, d two hūdre Captaine Palmer, two hundred. Captaine Chaūcie, two hundred. Captaine Windem, two hūdred. Captaine Stukeley, one hūdred. Captaine Blewet, one hūdred. Captaine Sidnam, one hundred. Captaine Breat, one hundred. Captaine Dier, one hundred. Captayne Euans, one hundred, Spaniardes, fifteene hundred. Italians, two hundred. Cleueners, three hundred. Launcequenerz vnder the Gouernemente of their Edronell Conrade Phenuyng, commonly called Courtpeny. 3000. Summe of all the Souldiours in Boullogne and Boullongnoys. 93000.

Here muſte you note, that whyleſt the Engliſhe armye laye thus in the fielde till the fortes of Hamble Thewe, and Blankeneſſe were in buildyng, the Frenche galleis were on the ſeas, and nowe and then came and approched neare to the ſhore, where the Engliſhe armye laye in campe, at the which they ſhotte off their ordinaunce, and the Engliſhemen aunſwered them againe with the like. They came alſo before Callais, and ſhotte off at the towne. But the lorde Admirall being there, made out to encounter them, notwithſtandyng they did firſte much hurte, and tooke away diuers of the Engliſhe veſſells laden with victuals.

The .xviij. daye of Maye, there were foure of the Kyngs ſhippes, and foure Pinaſes abroade on the ſeas afore the Hauen of Hamble Tewe, and there came an .18. of the Frenche galeys to ſet vpon them, and ſo ther was great ſhooting betwixt them,A french galey taken and at lengthe one of their galeys was taken, in the whiche, were aboorde fourteene ſcore ſouldiours, and .vij. ſcore rowers: the reſt of their galeys packed away.

Moreouer, whyleſt the Campe laye thus at Hamble Thewe,A mutinie in the Englishe campe. it chanced that one day a mutinie roſe amōg the Lan[...]quenetz againſt their Captaine, ſo that they got themſelues into order of battayle, ſeyzed vpon the great artillerie, and ſhewed coutenāce as if they wold haue ſet vpon the reſidue of the whole campe.

Herevpon euery ſouldior was commaunded to repaire to his enſeigne, and the Spanyardes came and ioyned themſelues with the Engliſh men, ready to take ſuche parte as they did. At length by the diligence of the chieftaynes and good countenance of the Engliſh ſouldiors and Spanyards, the tumult was ſtayed, and ſix of the principall beginners thereof, were hanged.

The .xxj. of Maye the Frenche armie came and encamped beyond Bollongne at the churche on the hill, and the morrow after, the earle of Hertforde marched wyth hys power to a place within two myles of them, and certaine footemen and horſmen went foorth and ſkirmiſhed with them, and in the meane tyme the artillerie ceaſſed not to ſhoot off, as well from the French campe and fortreſſe, as from Bologne, and the old man. This day were ſlayn .xiiij. Frenchmen, and two taken priſoners, and .iij. of the Engliſhe parte were likewyſe taken, and ſo the Earle of Hertford returned to his camp, and left the Lanſquenetz vpon the hill, encamped before the enimies faces, not two myles diſtant from them, in whych place a forte was begonne to be reyſed, whiche was after called the ſorte of Bolongne berg.

The next day, to wit, the .xxiij. of May, the ſouldiors of Bolongne, and the Lanſquenetz ſkirmiſhed with the Frenchmen,A greate skirmishe. ſlew and toke of them .vij. ſcore and aboue of the which there were fortie that were in coates of veluet, and diuers with chaynes.

Here ye muſt vnderſtand, that nowe in thys meane whyle by the motion of diuers princes, a meeting was had of diuers commiſſioners, appoynted to treate of ſome peace to bee concluded betwixt the two kings of England and France. Herevpon there came to Guyſnes for the king of England the Erle of Hertford, the biſhop of Wincheſter, ſir Iohn Dudley vicoūt Liſſe baron of Manpas, and high Admirall of England, ſir William Paget the kings Secretarie, and doctor Nicholas Wotton deane of Canterburye. For the Frenche king there came to Arde Monſieur Claude Danebaulte Admirall of France, being alſo one of the foure Marſhals of that realme, the biſhop of Gurent, Monſieur Reymund chiefe preſident of Roan, the Secretarie Bouchetel. Diuers times they met betwixt Arde and Guyſnes and after long debating of matters, and diuers breakings off, at length yet the ſeuenth of Iune, a peace was concluded, and proclaimed as well in the court as in the citie of London on Whitſunday,A peace concluded and proclaymed. the xiij. of Iune, with ſound of trumpet according to the maner: and in lyke ſorte the ſame day it was proclaymed at Paris and at Rouen. The chiefeſt article of whiche peace was this, that the French king paying to the King of England, 800000. crowns within the terme of .8. yeares, ſhould haue Boulogne again to hym reſtored, whiche in the meane tyme ſhould remayne in the hands and poſſeſſion of the King of England as a pledge and gauge for aſſurance of the ſayd money.Syr Henry Kneue[...]. Sir Henry Kneuet was ſent ouer to repreſent the Kings perſon, being willed to be godfather at the baptiſme of the Dolphins daughter, that was [...]o[...]ne in the later end of March laſt paſt,The Dolphyns daughter Iſabel chriſtened. and now chriſtened at Foutaynblean with greate ſolemnitie, She was named Iſabell.

The ſame tyme was a combat foughte before the french king betwixt two Spanyards,A combate betvvene Iulian Romarou, and Morovve. Iulian Romerou, & one Morowe. They both ſerued the king of England in theſe laſt warres againſt France: but Morowe had reuolted from his ſeruice to the Frenche kings, and for certain ſpeeches which he had vttered was chalenged to fight the ſayd combat by the ſaid Iulian, for whom ſir Henry[...] Kneuet vndertooke that he ſhould ſtande to his chalenge, and [...]ye it with his aduerſarie, whiche he nowe did, and vanquiſhed him in liſts, the fight being appointed on horſback. Incontinently after,The death of ſir Henry Kneues. ſir Henry Kneuet ſickned and dyed at Corheil, and was buryed in Parys within the churche of Sainct Paul[...], Mortouer, for the full eſtabliſhment of the peace, and to receiue the french kings athe, the Vicount Liſſe Lorde Admirall, with the Biſhop of Dureſme, and diuers other lordes, and gentlemen, to the number of one hundred and aboue, all in veluet coates and chaynes of golde with .xiv.The L. Admiral Dudley vvente into France to receyue the Frenche kings othe. yeomen ryghte ſeemely appointed, went into Fraunce, departing from Boulongne the tenth of Iulye, and came to Mellune, a towne beyonde Paris, where the French kyng then lay, by whom and the Dolphyn his ſonne, they were royally receiued, feaſted, and banketted, and hauyng done that for the whyche hee was ſente, the ſayde Lorde Admirall Dudleye the fyrſte of Auguſte, tooke his leaue of the French Kyng, who rewarded him with a cupborde of plate all gold, valewed at .1500. lb. The lordes alſo and gentlemen [...] [...] ambaſſade [...] of France. [...] The kings ships it lays in the [...] betvvixt and [...], shotte it luſtly, and ſtervile the [...] galeys [...]ird them [...] were laide peeces of artillerie, which ſhutte off freely, & ſo lykewyſe did all the artillerie in the ſhips, but in eſpectall le[...] the Tower was Ho[...] a marueilouſe great dealt of ordinaunce. From whence being lāded, they roade through Londō in great triumph the Maire and the crafts ſtanding in the ſtreetes in very good order) vnto the Biſhoppes palace, by Poules, where the Frenche Admirall lodged till Bartholmew euen, on whiche day hee was conueied towarde Hampton Court,The Frenche Admirall receiued by Prince Edvvarde. where in the way the Prince hauing with him the Archbiſhop of Yorke, the earles of Hertforde, & Huntington, and aboue ij. M. horſe, mette him & embraced hym in ſuch curteous and honorable wiſe, that all the beholders greately reioyſed, & much meruailed at the ſaid princes high wit & great audacitie, and ſo the Frenche Admirall came to the Courte, giuing the prince the vpper hande as they roade. And at the vtter gate of the Courte, the Lorde Chauncellor, and all the Kings couuſell receyued him, and brought him to his lodging. On Bartholmew day the king admittyng hym to his preſence, welcomed him, and in greate triumphe wente to the Chappell, where the Kyng receiued hys othe to performe the articles of the league,The Admirall of Fraunce receiueth an othe as it was couenaunted.

To ſpeake of the banquetyngs, huntings, and ſuch like honourable fortes of enterteignementes, it were muche to vtter, and harde to beleeue.

[...] that he had of the king [...]other.But on Friday folowing, being the .xxvij. of Auguſt, he being rewarded wyth a cupbord of plate to the valewe of twelue hundreth pounde, retourned to London, and on the Sundaye nexte enſuyng tooke his Galleis and departed.

Beſide the kings giftes, hee hadde giuen to hym by the Citie of London twoo Flaggons guilte[...] and two other that were parcell gu[...]le, valewed at one hundrethe thirtie ſixe pounde, beſide wine, waxe, and torches.

There were diuers of his company alſo that wente not awaye vnrewarded, hauyng bothe plate and alſo many horſes, and greyhoundes giuen them.

Althoughe this peace pleaſed bothe the Engliſhe and Frenche Nations, yet ſurely bothe miſte[...]ſted the continuance thereof, and veryly the olde prouerbe, ſeemed to be throughly verified whiche ſayth, That what the eye ſeeth the [...] rueth & for the Frenchemen ſtill longed for Boulongne, and the Engliſhmen [...] not willingly to giue it ouer. For during y^e French Admirals being in Englād, Monſterde Ebatillon captain of Montplaiſter began to make a new baſtilion euen at the verye month of the hanes, naming it Chatillons gardeyn. Where vpon that noble Gentleman the Lord, Grey of Wilton, ſhortly after appointed to bee deputie of the towne and countie of Boulongne,The lord Grey of VVilton. perceiuing the great inconuenience that this new buylding would bring to the towne if it went forwards, did aduertiſe the king thereof, earneſte[...]y beſeechyng his grace,Sir Thomas Palmer. that the matter might be throughly cōſidered of Sir Thomas Palmer was the meſſenger.

The king vppon the intelligence, aſked hys counſels aduice, which only went wholly, that the conditions of the peace were not in anye wiſe to be infringed. This reſolued, Secretarie Paget then knight, and afterwards Lord, was commaunded accordingly to drawe a letter to my Lord Grey, the which the kyng him ſelfe did ſigne, willing that the meſſenger ſhuld further knowe of his pleaſure before he departed. Whervpon ſir Thomas Palmer hauing his diſpatche at the Secretaries handes, did get word to be giuen to the K. who preſently ſent for him into his priuie chamber, and betwixte them two, vſed theſe words; Palmer, you haue there a letter from vs to the L. Grey, that he do in no wyſe deale in the matter that he hath by you aduertiſed vs of Notwithſtāding. I wil that you deliuer him this meſſage from vs. Bid him call to minde howe that his brethren and himſelfe not a ſhorte time, but euen from tender yeres, nor farre off, but ſtill nere to our perſon, we haue broght him vp, which (tel him) not vniuſtly, if that he in him that we conceyue doth breede in vs an odde truſt of feruencie to ſerue vs of him, more than a common ſeruant or ſubiect. By that token wil him whatſoeuer I haue written to the cōtrary, that he preſently impeache the fortiffcation of Chatillons garden, & raſe it if it be poſſible: and this my meſſage ſhall be his cleering therein, and the ſeruice gratefully accepted. Sir Thomas Palmer ſomwhat aſtonied hereat, cōſidering y^e weightineſſe of the cauſe, and the contrarietie of the letter & meſſage, began to put the king in mind of the ſmall credite that his bare errād of right was like to haue, ſo flatte againſt that whiche his Maieſties letters imported. But the kyng cutting off his tale, Deliuer thou the meſſage (quod he) at his choyce then bee the executyng thereof. Sir Thomas thus diſpatched, wyth great ſpeed arriued at Boulougne immediatly vpon the openyng of the gates at after noone. His letters and meſſage deliuered, the Lorde Grey ſtreighte aſſembled the counſell, ſhewed vnto them the kings letters, which red, he cauſed ſir Tho. to pronounce before them the meſſage alſo. Euery man was to ſay his aduice: It went roundly thorough the boorde without anye queſtion, that the letter was to be followed, the meſſage not to be ſtayed on. The lord Grey hauing herd, and not replying any thing, willed ſir Thomas to be called in agayne, had him repete his meſſage, and therwhileſt made a clerke of the counſel to write y^e ſame verbatim. This don, he prayed the whole table to ſet their handes vnto it, which they did, and my Lorde Grey taking the ſame into his hands, without further opening, declaring his reſolution, brake vp counſell, commaunded ſtreight the gates to be ſhut, gaue priuie warning, that certain bandes with armour and weapon, and lykewyſe Pioners ſhould that night by an houre be in a readineſſe. The houre comen, himſelf with the warned cōpanie, iſſued out, paſſed ouer the water, & without any alarme of the enimie, ouerthrew in iij. or four houres,Chatillons garden ouerthrovven and raſed dovvne. what in .ij. or three moneths had bin reyſed, and ſo in great quietnes returned into the towne. Preſently he diſpatched Sir Thomas Palmer back againe to the king with the newes, whoſe returne was ſo ſodeyn, as the king hymſelf being in the chamber of preſence, & ſeing him, ſayd aloude: What wyll he do it or no? Sir Thomas giuing none other anſwer, but preſenting his letters, & ſaying, that therby his Maieſtie ſhuld know. The king again in earneſt mood, Nay tell vs I ſay, whether he wil do it or not? Then ſir Thomas tolde him, that it was doone, and the whole fortification cleane raſed. Wherat the king taking great ioy, preſently called to certain of the Lordes of the counſel that were by, and ſayd: How ſay you my Lords, Chatillons garden the new forte is layd as flat as this floore. One ſtreight amongſt them gaue iudgement: That he [...]as had done it, was worthy to loſe his head[...]. The king ſtreight replyed, he had rather loſt a dozen ſuch he [...] as his was tha[...] ſo iudged [...] ſuch ſeruants as had done it: And herew^t he cō manded, y^t the L. Greys pardon ſhuld [...] ly be made, y^e which with a letter of great [...] kes, and promiſe of rewarde, was returned by the ſayd ſir Thomas Palmer to the ſayd Lord Grey, but the reward fayled, the king not continuyng long after in lyfe, the like happē wherof had oftentymes happened vnto diuers of his worthie aunceſtors vpon their due deſertes to haue bin conſidered of, and therfore the cafe the leſſe ſtraunge.

This haue I ſet downe the more willyngly, for that I haue receiued it from them, which haue herd it reported, not only by the L. Greys owne mouthe, but alſo by the relation of Syr Thomas Palmer, and others that were preſent? The ſame not tendyng ſo muche to the Lord Greys owne prayſe, as to the betokening of the kings noble courage, and the great ſecret truſt which he worthyly repoſed in the ſayde Lord Grey.

Here is to be noted alſo, leaſt any, man ſhuld miſtake the matter, as if the K. dealt indirectly herein, that his Maieſtie knowyng howe the Frenchmen in goyng about to buyld this fort, did more than they might, by the couenāts of y^e peace, & therfore was reſolued at the firſt aduertiſement thereof, to haue it raſed. But yet for y^t it might haply haue bin ſignified ouer vnto the frēchmen before my L. Grey could haue accō pliſhed the feate, he therfore wiſely wrote one thing in his letters, whervnto many might be priuie, & ſent ſecrete knowledge by words contrarie to the contents of the ſame letters, ſo as if the meſſenger were truſtye, hys pleaſure mighte not bee diſcouered to the hinderance or diſappointing of the ſame: but nowe to oure purpoſe.

The French king after this, bycauſe as yet he woulde not ſeeme to breake the peace, commaunded the trenches and newe fortifications made aboute thys fortreſſe, called Chatillons Garden thus caſt down, to be filled by his own people, and ſo it reſted, during the lyfe of king Henry: but afterwardes it was begon againe, and finiſhed, as after ye ſhall heare.

Aboute Michaelmaſſe in this preſent yeare,The Duke of Norfolke comitted to the Tovver. Thomas duke of Norfolke, and Henry Earle of Surrey that was his ſonne and heire, vpon certaine ſurmiſes of treaſon, were committed to the Towre of London,1547 and immediatly after Chriſtmaſſe, the .xiij of Ianuarie, the king then lying in extremities of deathe, the ſayde Earle was arraigned in the Guylde hall of London, before the Lorde Mayre, the Lorde Chauncellour, and dyuers other Lordes and Iudges being there in commiſſion. Where if he had tempered his anſwers with ſuch modeſtie as he ſhewed token of a righte perfecte and ready witte, his prayſe had bin the greater. Some things he flatly denyed, ſeking to weaken the credite of his accuſers by certaine circumſtances: Other he excuſed with interpretatiōs of his meaning, to proue the ſame to be farre otherwyſe than was alledged agaynſte him. And one eſpeciall matter amongeſt other wherewith he was charged, was, for hearyng certaine Armes that were ſayde to belong to the king and to the Prince. The bearyng whereof hee iuſtifyed and maynteyned, that as he tooke it, he mighte beare them as belonging to diuers of his aunceſtors, and withall affirmed that he had the opinion of Heralds therein. But yet to his inditement he pleaded not giltie: And for that he was no lorde of the Parliament, he was enforced to ſtande to the tryall of a common Inqueſt of his countrey, whiche found him giltie, and thervpon he had iudgement of death, and ſhortly after, to wit,The Earle of Surrey beheaded. the .xix. of Ianuarie, he was beheaded on the Tower hyll.

The Duke was atteynted by Parliament, and the Atteynder after reuerſed in the fyrſte yeare of Queene Mary. The euill hap as well of the father, as of the ſonne, was greately lamented of many, not onely for the good ſeruice which the Duke had done in his dayes in defence of this realme, but alſo, for that the Erle was a Gentleman well learned, and knowne to haue an excellent witte, if he had bin thankfull to God for the ſame, and other ſuche good giftes as he had endued him with.

The king maketh his Teſtament.The King now lying at the point of death, made his laſt wil and teſtament, wherin he not onely yelded himſelfe to Almightie God, but alſo tooke order, that during the minoritie of his ſonne Prince Edward, his executors ſhuld be counſellors and ayders to him in all things, as well concerning priuate as publike affairs. They wer .xvj. in number, whoſe names were as here foloweth.

His executors.Thomas Cranmer Archebiſhop of Canterbury.

Thomas Wrioſhlley Lord Chancellor.

Sir William Paulet knight of the order, lord Saint Iohn, & great maiſter of y^e houſhold.

Sir Edward Seimer knight of the order, erle of Her[...]ford, & high Chāberlain of England.

Sir Iohn Ruſſell knighte of the order, Lorde Priuie ſeale.

Sir Iohn Dudley knighte of the order, [...]rout Liſle, and baron of Manpas, high Admirall of Englande.

Cutbert Tunſtall biſhop of Durham.

Sir Anthony Brown knight of the order, and maiſter of the horſſe.

Sir Edmund Montacute knight, chiefe Iuſtice of the common place.

Sir Thomas Bromeley knighte, one of the Iuſtices of the kings benche.

Sir Edward North knighte, Chauncellour of the Augmentation.

Sir William Paget knight of the order.

Sir Anthonie Denny knight.

Sir William Herbert knight.

Sir Edwarde Wotton knighte, Treaſourer of Caleys.The deceaſſe of king Henry the eyght.

Nicholas Wotton deane of Canterburye and Yorke.

So ſoone as the ſayde noble King had finiſhed his laſte wyll and teſtamente, as afore is ſayde, he ſhortly thervpon yelded vp his ſpirite to Almightie God, departing this world, the xxviij. daye of Ianuarie, in the thirtie and eyghte yeare of his reigne, and in the yeare of our lord 1546. after the accompt of the churche of England, but after the accompt whiche we follow here in this booke .1547. begynning our yeare the firſt of Ianuarie. He reigned .xxxvij. yeares .ix. monethes and odde days. His body according to his wil in that behalf, was conueyd to Wyndſoxe with all funerall pompe, and in the Colledge there enterred.

This noble Prince was ryght fortunate in all his dooings, ſo that cōmonly what ſoeuer he attempted, had good ſucceſſe, as well in matters of peace as of warres. Of perſonage hee was tall and mightie, in his latter dayes ſomewhat groſſe, or as we terme it, bourly: in wit & memorie verie perfect: of ſuche maieſtie tempered with humanitie, 'as beſt became ſo noble & high an eſtate: a great fauorer of learning, as he that was not ignorant of good letters himſelfe, and for his greate magnificence and liberalitie, his renoune was ſpread through the whole world.

Of learned men that lyued in the dayes of this moſte famous prince, we fynde many: as firſt Iohn Colet deane of Paules, and founder of the Schoole there: he was borne in London of honeſt parentes: William Lillie borne in the towne of Odiham in Hampſhire, was the firſt Schoolemaiſter of Paules Schoole after it was erected: Tho. Linacer, or rather Linaker, borne in Derbyſhire, a learned Phyſitian, and well ſeen in the toungs: Iohn Skelton, a pleaſant Poet: Richard Pace that ſucceded Iohn Colet in the roome of Deane of Poules: Iohn Fiſher Biſhoppe of Rocheſter, of whome yee haue herd before: Tho. More born in London, of whom likewiſe mētion is made in the life of this kyng: Will. Horman born in Saliſburie, viceprouoſt of Eaton Colledge, a lerned man, as by his woorkes it appeareth: Iohn Frith borne in London: William Tyndall, of whiche two perſons ye haue hearde lykewyſe in the hiſtorie of this King: Roberte Wakefield excellently ſeene in the toungs: Iohn Raſtell, a citizen and Stacioner of London: Chriſtofer Saint German an excellente Lawyer: Roberte Barnes, of whome alſo wee haue made mention beefore: Syr Thomas Eliot knight: Edward Lee Archebiſhop of Yorke: Iohn Lerlande, a diligente ſearcher of Antiquities: Anne Aſkewe wrote certayne treatiſes concernyng hir examinations. Sir Iohn Bourchier knyght Lorde Berners tranſlated the Chronicles of ſir Iohn Froiſſarte out of Frenche into Engliſhe: William Chubb es: Henry Standyſhe, a Frier Minor and biſhop of ſaint Aſſaph, wrote agaynſte Eraſmus for his Tranſlation of the newe Teſtament, to his ſmall praiſe as he handled the matter: Thomas ſurnamed Philomelus a Londoner, an excellent Poet: William Grocine verye experte in bothe toungs Greeke and Latine: Thomas Spencer a Carmelite Frier born in Norwich: Henry Bullocke: William Latymer: Young, a Monke of Rameſey: Arnolde of London, wrote certayne collections touchyng Hiſtoricall matters: Thomas Lupſet, a Londoner, a learned young man, departyng thys lyfe in the xxxvj. yeare of his age, aboute the yeare of our Lorde .1532. he wrote ſundry vertuous treatiſes: William Melton Chancellour of Yorke, Iohn Sowle a Carmelite Frier of London, and a Doctour of Diuinitie: Iohn Batemanſon a Chartreux Monke, and Prior of his houſe at London: Richard Whitford: Thomas Attourborne in Norffolke, and fellowe wyth Bilneye in ſufferyng perſecution vnder Cardinall Wolſey: Henry Bradſhawe borne in Cheſter, where hee was profeſſed a blacke Monke, wrote the lyfe of ſaincte Werbourgh, and a certayne Chronicle: Iohn Paulſgraue a Citizen of London wrote Inſtructions for the perfecte vnderſtandyng of the Frenche tong: Iohn Skuyſhe a Cornyſheman wrote certayne abbreuiations of Chronicles, wyth a treatiſe of the warres of Troy: Anthony Fitzherbert a Iudge, wrote an Abridgement of the lawe: Iohn Litleton wrote alſo of the principles of the Lawe: but hee lyued before thys ſeaſon, to wit, in the dayes of

Wilfride Holme wrote a treatiſe of the rebellion in Lincolueſhire, and in the Northe, after the manner of a Dialogue: Iohn Conſtable an excellent Poet and rhetoritian: Iohn Hilier: Edwarde Foxe ſtudent in the Kings Colledge in Cambridge, was aduanced to the Biſhoppes ſea of Hereford, and was imployed in dyuers Ambaſſades from Kyng Henry the ſeauenth, both into Germanie and Italy: Iohn Lambert, alias Nichols, borne in Norffolke, of whome yee haue hearde in the Hiſtorie of thys Kyng, howe hee ſuffered for the controuerſie of the Sacrament: George Fulberye: Iohn Hoker: Thomas Lanquet wrote an Epitome of Chronicles, & alſo of the winnyng of Bollongne: Iohn Shepre: Leonard Coxe, he wrote dyuers treatiſes, one in Engliſh rhetorike wherof Bale maketh no mention: Thomas Soulmon borne in the yle of Gernſey verie ſtudious in hiſtories, as by his writings & notes it appeareth. Iohn Longlande Biſhoppe of Lyncolne: Maurice Chauncy a chartreux Monke: Cutbert Tunſtall biſhop of Dureſme, Richard Sampſon: Alban Hill a Welchman an excellent Phyſition: Richard Croke verye experte in the Greeke toung: Robert Whittington borne in Staffordſhire neere to Lichfielde, wrote dyuers Treatiſes for the inſtruction of Grammarians: Iohn Aldrige Biſhop of Carleil: Iohn Ruſſell gathered a Treatiſe intitled Superiure Caeſaris & Papae. he wrote alſo Cōmentaries in Cantica: William Roye: Simon Fiſh a Kētiſhman borne, wrote a booke called the Supplication of Beggers. Iohn Powell, and Edwarde Powell Welchemen, wrote againſt Luther, Edward died in Smith field for treaſon in denying the Kings Supremacie in the yeare .1540. Iohn Houghton gouernour of the Charterhouſe Monks in London dyed lykewyſe for treaſon, in the yeare a thouſand fyue hundred thirtie and fyue. Iohn Rickes being an aged man, forſaking the order of a Frier Minor, whyche he had firſt proteſſed, imbraced the Goſpell: George Bulleyn lorde Rocheforde, brother to Queene Anne, wrote dyuers Songs and Sonettes: Frauncis Bigod knyght borne in Yorkſhire, wrote a booke agaynſt the Clergie, entituled De impropritationibus, and tranſlated certain books from Latin into Engliſh, he died for rebellion in the yere a thouſand fiue hundred thirtie and ſeuen: Richarde Wyſe: Henry Morley Lorde Morley, wrote diuers treatiſes, as Comedies and tragedies, the lyfe of Sectaties, and certain rithmes: William Thynne reſtored Chancers workes by his learned and painful corrections: Iohn Smith ſomtime Schoolemaiſter of Heyton: Richard Turpine borne of a woorſhipfull familie in Englande, & ſeruyng in the garniſon of Caleys, wrote a chronicle of his tyme: he dyed in the yeare a thouſande, fyue hundred fortie and one, and was buryed in Saint Nicholas churche in Caleys. Sir Thomas Wiat knighte, in whoſe prayſe muche myght be ſaid, as wel for his learning as other excellent qualities mete for a man of his calling: he greatly furthered to enriche the Engliſhe tongue: hee wrote diuers maſter in Engliſhe mettes, and tranſlated the ſeuen Penitentiall Pſalmes, and as ſome write, the whole Pſalter: Hee dyed of the peſtilence in the Weſt countrey, bering on his iourney into Spayne, whether hee was ſent ambaſſadour from the king vnto the Emperour, in the yeare, a thouſand fiue hundred fortie and one: Henry Howard Earle of Surrey, ſonne to the Duke of Norffolke, delyted in the lyke ſtudies with Sir Thomas Wyat, wrote diuers treatiſes alſo in Engliſhe metre: he ſuffered at Tower his, as in the hiſtorie of this King before ye haue hearde: Iohn Fielde a citizen and Lawyer of London, wrote ſundrye Treatiſes, as hys owne aunſweres vnto certaine articles miniſtred to him by ſir Thomas More, the Byſhoppe of Rocheſter, Raffell and others. When hee was in priſon for religion, he wrote alſo a treatiſe of mans freewill, de ſerno hominis arbitrio, and Collections of the common lawes of the land &c. Triſtram Reuell: Henrye Brinklowe a Merchaunt of London, wrote a lyttle booke, whiche hee publiſhed vnder the name of Roderik Mors, & alſo a cōplaint vpō London &c. Robert Shinglaton, [...] of a good family in Lancaſhire wrote a treatiſe of the ſeauen Churches, and other thinges, as of certaine prophecies, for the whiche (as ſome write) he ſettled at London being conuicte of treaſon in the yeare .1544. William Parrey a Welcheman, wrote a booke entituled Speculum Inuenum. Of ſtrangers that lyued here in thys kings dayes, and for their workes whiche they wrote were had in eſtimation, theſe we fynd recorded by Maiſter Bale: Bernarde Andreas a Frenche man, borne in Tolouſe, an Auguſtin Frier, and an excellēt Poet: Adrian de Caſtello, an Italian of Cornelō a towne in Thuſcayne, he was commended vnto Kyng Henry the ſeuenth, by the Archebiſhoppe Morton, and therevppon was fyrſte made Biſhop of Hereforde, and after reſigning that ſed, was aduaunced to Bath and Welles. Andreas Ammonius an Italian of the citie of Lu[...]a, ſecretarie to the K. wrote dyuers treaches Iames Caleo an Italian alſo of Paula in Lumbardie; by profeſſion a Carmelite Frier, an erneſt defender of the diuorce betwixt the Kyng and the Ladye Katherine Dowager, diſproouyng the marryage betwixt them to be in any wyſe lawfull.

Henry VIII

King Henry the eyghte.