Edward the fyrſte.

1272.
An. reg. 1. EDVVARDE the firſte of that name after the Conqueſt, beganne hys reigne ouer the Realme of of Englande, [...]Vil. Hariſon [...] his chrono [...]gie. the xvj. daye of Nouē ber in the yere of the world, 5239. of our Lorde .1272. of the Saxons .[...]4. after the conqueſt 206. the vacation of the Empire after the deceaſſe of Frederike the the ſeconde as yet enduring (though ſhortly after in the yere next following, Radulf of Habſpurge was elected Emperor) in the third yeare of Philippe the third as then reigning in Fraunce, and Alexander the thirde as yet lyuyng in gouernemente of the Scottiſhe Kyngdome. Thys Edwarde the firſt when his father dyed beyng aboute the age of .xxxv. yeares olde, was as then in the holy lande, or rather in his iourney homewards: but whereſoeuer he was at that preſent, the nobles of the [...]ād after his father was departed this life, [...]. VVeſt. 
[...]vve Seale [...]de. aſſembled at the new Tēple in London, and cauſing a new ſcale to be made, they ordeyned faithfull miniſters and officers, which ſhuld haue the treaſure in keeping, and the adminiſtration of iuſtice for the mayntenaunce of peace and tranquilitie wythin the lande, and on the .xxij. daye of Nouember hee was proclaymed Kyng, [...] Dunſt. who after he had remained a time in the holy lād, and perceyued himſelfe deſtitute of ſuche ayde as hee looked for at the handes bothe of the Chriſtians and Tartarians, [...]at. VV[...] he left in the Citie of Acon certayn ſtipendarie ſouldiers, and taking the ſea ſailed homewards,1273. arriuing firſt in Sicill, where of Charles Kyng of that lande hee was honorably receiued and conueyed, til he came vnto Ca[...] ta Vecchia in Italy, where Pope Gregorye as then laye with his Courte, of whome as of his olde friende that had bene wyth hym in the holy land he obteined that Erle Aldebrandino Roffo, and Guy of Mountfort, that had murthered the Lord Henry, eldeſt ſonne to Richarde Kyng of Almain, might be ſent for. Earle Aldebrandino purged hymſelfe, [...]y de Mont [...] exco[...]e. but Guye de Mountfort was excommunicate, as a violatour of the churche, a murderer and a Traytour, ſo as he was diſenherited turn vnto the fourth generation, til he had reconciled hymſelfe to the church. After this it is wonderfull to remember with what great honor kyng Edward was receyued of the Cities, as he paſſed throughe the countreys of Tuſkayne and Lu[...]ldy. At his comming ouer the mountains at Eh[...]n in Burgundy, he was at a Iuſtes and tourny which then was there holden by the french men againſt the Engliſhmen, the honor wherof remained with the Engliſhmen. In this Torney the fight of the footmen was greate: for the Engliſhemenne beeyng ſore prouoked, ſlewe manye of the Frenche footemenne, but bycauſe they were but raſkalles no greate accompte was made of them, for they were vnarmed, gaping for the ſpoyle of them that were ouerthrowen. King Edward paſſing foorth came to the Frenche court, where of his couſin germayn king Phillippe, he was ioyfully receyued. Here King Edwarde doing homage to the Frenche Kyng for the landes whiche he ought to holde of hym in Fraunce, paſſed into Guyenne. An. Reg. 2. Mat. VVeſt. 
A diſme graunted to the king and his brother A Tenthe of of the Clergye was graunted this yeare to the Kyng and to his brother Edmund Erle of Leyceſter and Lancaſter by the Popes appointment for two yeares, a chaplein of the Pope a Eaſcoin borne named Reymond being ſent into Englād for that purpoſe, who gaue parte vnto them, and parte thereof he kept to himſelfe,1274 towardes hys charges, but the moſte parte was reſerued to the Popes diſpoſing. Whileſt the Kyng remained in Gaſcoigne he had ſomewhat to doe againſte certaine rebelles as Gaſton de Bierne, and other that were reuolted from hym. The Caſtelles belongyng to the ſaide Gaſton, he ſubdued, but his perſon he coulde not meete with. Finally, after he had ſet order in things aſwell in Guyenne as in other places in the partes of beyonde the ſeas, he haſted homewards, Nic. Triuet. 
K. Edvvard his returne home. and came to London the ſeconde daye of Auguſt, where he was receyued wyth all ioye that might be deuiſed. The ſtreetes were hanged wyth riche cloths of ſilke, arras, and tapeſtrie,Mat. VVeſt. the Aldermen and Burgeſſes of the citie threwe out of theyr wyndows handfulles of golde and ſiluer, to ſignifye the greate gladneſſe which they had conceyued of his ſafe returne the Cundits ran plentifully wyth white wine & red, that eche treature myght drink his fill. Vpon the xix. day of Auguſte in this ſeconde yeare of hys raygne he was crowned at Weſtminſter, togyther with his wife Quene Elianor, by the hands of Robert Kilwarby Archbiſhop of Canterbury.

At this coronation were preſent Alexander Kyng of Scottes, and Iohn Earle of Britayn, with their wiues that were ſiſters to Kyng Edward. The Kyng of Scots did homage vnto Kyng Edward for the Realme of Scotlande, in like maner as other the kyngs of Scotlande; before hym had done to other Kyngs of England auncetours to this Kyng Edwarde. At the ſolempnitie of this coronation there were let goe at libertie, catche them that catche myght, fiue hundred great horſes by the King of Scottes, the Erles of Cornwall,Caxton. Glouceſter, Pembroke, Warren, and others, as they were alighte beſide theyr backs. On ſaint Nicholas euen there chaunced ſuche an earthquake with lightning and thunder, and therewythall the appearing of the brēning drake, and a blaſing ſtarre called a comete, that the people were brought into no ſmall feate vpon conſideration thereof. But nowe to the poynte of the hiſtorie.

Kyng Edward at the fyrſte like a prudente prince choſe foorth of the wyſeſt and worthyeſt men to be of his couſell, to purchaſe the loue of his ſubiects, whoſe myndes were ſomwhat offended towardes his father (by reaſon that he refuſed to keepe promiſe wyth them, touchyng the reſtitution of gentle and fauourable lawes) Kyng Edwarde ſhewed himſelfe ſo gentle towardes all degrees of men, that he ſeemed to excede the reaſonable bonds of curteous humanitie, muche more than became his royall eſtate. After this,1275.
An. Reg. 3. he reformed dyuers lawes and ſtatutes, and deuiſed ſome new ordināces, greatly for the wealthe of the realme. He helde his firſt Parliament at Weſtminſter,A parliament. where the ordinances were made, called the ſtatute of Weſtminſter the firſt.The ſtatute of VVeſtminſter. The Prince of VVales Llevvellin. To this Parliament was the prince of Wales Lewelin ſummoned to come and doe his homage, hauing bin requeſted firſt to come to the kings coronation, but he refuſed, and nowe hauing ſummonance to come to this Parliament, he excuſed hymſelf, affirming that hee durſte not come for feare of certayne noble men that laye in wayte for his life, requiring to haue pledges deliuered for his ſafe comming and going, the Kyngs ſon, and Gilbert Earle of Glouceſter, with Robert Burnell the Lord Chauncellour. The Kyng was greatly offended with ſuche a preſumptuous demaunde, but paſſed it ouer, till after the ende of the Parliament,The king cō meth to Cheſter. and then repairing to Cheſter he ſent eftſoones meſſengers to the ſaid Llewelin, requiring to come and doe his homage, but hee ſtill detracted time, ſo that in the ende the Kyng reyſed an armye, meanyng to recouer that by force, whiche otherwiſe he could not obteine by quiet meanes.

This yeare the people payd a fifteenth to the Kyng of all theyr temporall goodes which was ſayde to be graunted firſte to his father.

Mat. VVeſt. 
Bracton bishop of Hereforde departeth this lyfe.The ſame yeare departed this life, Iohn Breton biſhoppe of Hereford, who being very experte in the lawes of the lande, compiled a booke of them called to B[...]eton. The eleue[...] September, [...] generall earthquake chau[...] betwixt the firſt houre and thirde of the [...] daye, the Church of Saint Michaell on the [...] wythout Glaſtenbury, was therwyth throwen downe to the grounde. [...] after this, it rained bloude in the countrey [...] Wales,It rai[...] [...] as [...] prodigy [...]ſe euill token to that [...]tion, wyth whoſe bloude ſhortly after that Region was in many places mayſted and ſtayned. For as it chaunced ſhortly after,1276
An. reg. [...] Llewe[...]n the ſonne of of Griffyn came to haue the gouernement of Wales, who partly to reyſe newe ſedi[...] in England, and partly to purchaſe hym friendſhip and alyaunce in Fraunce, ſente vnto the Phillippe, requiring of him that he myght [...] in marriage the Ladye Eleanor daughter to Symon Mauntfort Earle of Leyceſter, the whiche togyther wyth hir mother and [...] Emerike, remayned as banyſhed perſo[...] in France. The French K. granted his requeſt, and ſent hir vnder the conducte of hir ſaide [...] ther to be conueyed into Wales vnto L[...] lin who had promiſed to marry hir. B[...]e they approched to Wales, at the Iſle of [...]y bothe the brother and ſiſter were taken by [...]e ſhippes of Briſtowe,The [...] M[...] [...] p[...] [...] of [...] the owners wherof that ſo tooke them, ſent them vnto Kyng Edwarde. When Llewelin vnderſtood that his wife was takē from him by the way as ſhe was cōming he was not a little wrothe,L[...] pri[...] [...] to [...]. and incontinouſly beginneth to make warre vppon Kyng Edwardes ſubiectes that bordered neare vnto Wales, killing the people, ſpoiling their goods, and brenning vp theyr Townes and houſes [...] eche ſide.

Herewith the Kyng of Englande was ſo moued,M[...]. P[...] that although the ſaid Llewellin made ſuite for peace and offered no ſmall ſumme of moneye to haue the daughter of the Earle of Leyceſter his fianced wife deliuered to hym, yet woulde not the Kyng by any meanes conſent to that marryage nor receyue any money of hym, except he would reſtore vnto the right owners ſuche landes as hee had inuaded and got into his poſſeſſion, and further repayre ſuch Caſtels as hee had deſtroyed. Herevpon grew no ſmall grudge betwixt the Welchemen and Engliſhemen, ſo that to repreſſe the inuaſion of the enimies in the parties towards Briſtow, Montgomerie and Cheſter, the king ſent three hundreth men at armes on horſe backe. In the quindene of Paſche, the King departing from Weſtminſter, haſted towardes Wales wyth a mighty power,Mat. VV[...] 
The Eſ[...] and the king bēch, [...] to Sh[...] bury. and cauſed the courts of the Eſcheker, and of hys benche, to remoue vnto Shreweſbury, that they myght he neere vnto hym, making forwarde wyth all conueniente ſpeede,The caſtell of [...]d taken. [...] come to the ayde of his people. And therevppon entring into Wales, tooke the caſtell of Ruſtande, and ſent into weſt Wales a va[...]iant Captayn named Paine de Camurcijs which with fyre and ſworde waſted that [...]oun[...] try, An. Reg. 5.
1277. ſo that the people offring themſelues to the Kyngs [...], deliuered vnto the ſayde P[...] the Caſtell of Si[...]dewy wyth the countey adioyning. [...]he caſtell of [...]devvy. [...]evvellin ſu [...] for peace. Th[...] Llewelin the prince of Wales perceyuing that hee was not [...]le [...] re[...] Kyngs [...]r [...] for peace, in ſo much that finally it was agreed, [...]ic. Triuet. [...] that commiſſioners for bothe parties ſhoulde talke concerning [...]l ta[...]n[...] articles, and wh[...]ſoeuer they concluded, aſwell the King as the ſaide Llewelin [...]h[...] holde the [...]me for [...].

The Kyng appoynting [...] of his [...] ſign[...] [...] Lorde Robert de T[...], to take on othe for hym: and ancthoriſing the ſaide Robert, Autho[...] B[...] [...] de S[...]hampton [...] prouinciall of the f[...]ers preache [...]s, commiſſione is a [...] his behalfe to receyue the [...] the of the ſai[...] Lewe[...]. Which Llewelin ap[...]oynted▪ [...] [...] miſſioners for his parte. [...] [...]ap Ed[...] and Gron[...] H[...]lin, the whiche [...]iſſio[...] [...] wyth good [...]liberation [...] vpon [...] poyntes and articles of whyche the principall w[...] as followeth.

Firſt, that the ſaide Llewelin ſhoulde ſet [...] liberte all priſoners whiche hee helde in captiuitie for the Kyng of Englandes cauſe [...]ty and without all chalenge. [...]e articles of [...]ment be [...]wixt King [...]vvarde and [...]vvellin. Alſo to haue peace and the Kings of Englands ſ[...], he ſhulde giue vnto the ſaide king fiftye thouſand pound ſterling the dayes of the payment whereof to reſte in the Kyngs will and pleaſure.

Alſo y^t the lande of the four Candreds without all contradiction ſhoulde [...] for euer to the King and his heyres; with all lands conquered by the Kyng and his people, the Iſle of [...]ng[...] y^e ex[...]epted,Angleſey. whiche Iſle was graunted to the Prince, to that he ſhulde pay for the ſame yerely the [...] of one thouſand marks, and fiue thouſand ma[...] for an income, and if the Prince [...] to dye without iſſue, then y^e ſaid Iſle [...] again [...] the kings hands. Alſo that the Prince ſhall come to Rothelan or (R[...] [...] it is commonly called) there ſo the [...] to the Kyng; and before his cōming thithe[...], he ſhuld be aſſoyled and haue the interd[...] of his landes releaſed, and at his being a[...] Rothe[...] daye ſhall be appoynted hym by the [...]ing for his comming to London, there to doe [...]: And herevpon was order taken for his [...] conduit, al[...] in his comming to [...], the [...]a[...], as to Lōdon▪ Ther be that wryte that [...] appoynted to come vnto London, at the [...] the Natiuitie of our Lord. Alſo it wa[...] [...] couenanted, that all the homages of [...]es ſhould remaine to the Kyng except [...] of [...] barons which inhabited neare vnto that [...] of Snowdon: for otherwiſe the ſaid [...] could not conueniently call himſelfe Pr[...]e, except he had ſome Barons vnder him [...] he ſhoulde reteyne the title and name of Prince ſo long as he liued, and after his decea[...]e the homages of thoſe fiue barons ſhoulde reu[...] to the Kyng and to his heyres for euer▪

Moreouer the kyng graunted vnto the ſaide Llewlin, N. Triuet. 
Dauid Llevvel lines brother prouided for. the landes that belonged to his brother Dauid, for term of the ſaid Llewlins life, and in recompence thereof was contented to ſatiſfie the ſaid Dauid with other lands in ſome other p[...]e, y^t which after the deceſſe of the ſaid Llewlin or Dauid ſhould reuert agayne to the Kyng and his heyres▪ For the aſſuraunce of whiche articles and couenaunts the Prince deliuered for hoſtages tenne perſons of the beſt in Wales, whiche he coulde get without impriſonment, diſenheriting or terme of deliuerance, and of euery Candred twentye perſones, of the beſte and moſte ſufficient to be choſen by ſuche as the Kyng ſhall thither yearely ſend, [...] othe to be receyued. ſhall be from yeare to yeare ſworne vpon the Euangeliſts, in preſence of the bailifs of the ſaid Llewellin, that whenſoeuer the Prince ſhal breake any of theſe articles, & vpon admonition doth not reforme hymſelfe, they ſhall forſake hym, and in all thinges he vnto hym open enimies.

Alſo beſides this, the Prince ſhall as farre as in him may lie,Llevvellines brethren. pacifie his brethren, of the which he had put two in priſon, Owen and Roderik, the thirde named Dauid, eſcaping his handes, fled into England, and remained many yeares wyth King Edward, who receyuing him into his ſeruice,Dauid revvarded by Kyng Edvvard. made him knight in this warre, and gaue vnto him a caſtel at Denbigh in Wales, wyth landes to the yearely value of a thouſande markes, in recompēce of thoſe poſſeſſions whiche he ought to haue had in Angleſey, the which as before is ſaid, the king graunted vnto Llowellin for terme of his life, and after his deceſſe, to reuert vnto the Kyng and to his heyres. Moreouer,Dauid preferred in marriage. he preferred Dauid to the mariage of a loylie widowe, that was daughter to the Erle of Darby.The article cō cerning Ovven As concerning Owen, through the Kyngs fauour he was deliuered out of priſon, by force of y^e articles concluded at this preſent by the comiſſioners, vnder this forme and maner: that vppon his being ſet at libertie, certayne perſons appoynted by the Kyng ſhoulde make offer to hym, to choſe whether he would firſte compounde wyth his brother, and thervppon come to the Kyng, and beſeeche hym to allowe the compoſition, or elſe to put hymſelfe vnder the ſafe keeping of the King, till according to the lawes and cuſtomes of Wales, in the place where he did tranſgreſſe, iudgement ſhould be giuen of the matter: And if he were acquitte, then mighte hee demaunde his heritage if he thought it ſo expedient: and which of theſe two wayes he ſhuld choſe, the ſame ſhuld be made firme and ſtable in the kyngs preſence.

All theſe articles with other additions, were accorded by the ſaide commiſſioners at Aberconwey, the Tueſday before the feaſt of ſaint Martin, in the yere 1277. and letters of confirmatiō made therof by the king, dated at Rutlande the tenth daye of Nouember, in the fifth yeare of his raigne. Alſo the ſaide Llewellin by the name of Llewellin ap Griffyn, prince of Wales, with letters vnder his ſeale, confirmed the aboueſaid articles on his behalf, for y^e releaſing of his right to the foure Cantredes & other things that ſhuld remain vnto the king, whiche letters hare date at Abeacouwer, the [...] Tueſday in the ſaide yere 1277. Alſo the king releaſed vnto the ſaid Llewellin, the ſaide him of .l.M. poundes and the ſaid ſumme of a M. markes yearely to be payde for the Iſle of Angleſey, as by his letters dated at [...]tlād y^e ſaid tenthe daye of Nouember in the ſaide v. yeare of his raigne more at large it appeareth. Yet neuertheleſſe by his letters dated at Rutlande the ſaide .xj. of the ſaide moneth of Nouember, [...] is euident that he receyued of the ſaide Llewellin the [...]me of .ij.M. markes [...] the hands of Thomas Beke [...] of his [...] robe.The [...]. Moreouer the K[...] in the weſt parte of Wales buylt at the [...] tyme a ca[...] of [...] perdena[...], to kepe vnder y^e rebell[...]ouſ[...] attempts of the Welcheman. An. reg. [...] 
127[...] 
Llew[...] vviſ[...] to [...] Kyng Edw[...] gaue in mariage by way of [...]ſtitution vnto the [...]ere [...] [...]bred Llewellin Prince of Wales, the [...] of Leiceſters daughter, which was takē (as ye haue hearde at the Iſle of S[...]y. He [...] all the charges of the f[...] as the daye of [...] marriage, and honoured the ſaint with the preſence of himſelfe and of the Queene. [...] of y^e .xx. parte of euery mans goods was gra[...] [...] to the Kyng towards his charge[...] [...] in the Welche wa[...]s. Mo[...] couetous [...] yeare of his raigne kyng Edward helde a parliamēt at Gloceſter, [...] in the which [...] actes and [...]tatutes made for the w[...] [...] gouernment of the [...], which vnto this [...]y or called the ſtatutes of Glouceſter Alexander kyng of Scottes [...] into England, to com [...] with king Edward, of maſters [...]ing his kyngdome of Scotlande. Shortely after, kyng Edwarde went ouer into Fraunce, and there receyued certayne Townes that were reſh[...] to hym, but not the mottys of thoſe that were promiſed to his father, when he [...] his title vnto the Duchte of Normandie. Roberte Kilwar[...]y Archebiſhoppe of Canterbury was by pope Nichol[...]s ad[...] to the dignitie of a Cardinall, [...] and made Byſhoppe of Portua, ſo that he went to Rome, and gaue ouer the archbyſhopricke of Canterbury,Iohn P[...] Archbi[...] of Y[...]. to[...] which throughe the Popes graunt, [...]e Iohn Peckham was admitted Archebiſhoppe. This yere ther was inquirie made in Lōdon for ſuch as had clipped, [...]. waſhed & counter f[...]ed the [...]ings coigne, wherevppon the Iewes of the [...] dyuers goldſmi[...]hes that kepte the Exchange of ſiluer were endued,An. reg. 7. N. Triues. and after to the number of .ij.C.lxxxxvij. perſons were condem[...]ned, & in diuers places put to execution. There were but .iij. Engliſhemen among them, all the reſidue were Iewes but dyuers Chriſtians that were participa[...]te: with them in theyr offences wer put to their fines, & not without [...]e. About the ſame time, [...]ro. Dunſt. y^e Kyng recouered all ſuche ſherifs as were either prieſtes or ſt[...]ngers, [...] theyr places appoynted knyghts to be ſh[...]riffes, y^t were of y^e ſame countrey where there off[...]s lay. Moreouer about this ſeaſon king Edward builded y^e caſtell of F[...]t, [...]e caſtells of [...]nt & Rut [...] [...]ay[...] & fortified y^e caſtell of Rutland & others, placing gariſons of engliſh mē in the ſame to defende y^e c[...]y [...] kepe y^e Welch[...]ē vnder obedience.1279 But [...] ſo ſmally regarded all couenāts made, [...] benefites receiued, that ſhortly after vpon the drath of his late manyed wife, being ſ[...] [...]to come to [...] parliament holden by king Edward, he diſdained to obey, [...]evvellin be [...]eth nevve [...]arre. & vpon a very ſpite he g[...] to make new warre to the Engliſhmē, in waſting & deſtroying y^e countrey; but being put in feare with y^e Kings comming towards him w^t his power, [...] ſ[...]eth for [...] he laid armor aſide, & begāe ft[...]nes to re[...]re peace, which the king now y^e ſecond time did not deny to graunt, bycauſe he would not loſe time in warring w^t y^e moūtains, [...]ſods & mar[...]es, places of refuge for y^e Welchmē in thoſe days whē they wāted power to abide bataile & keepe the fieldes. About the ſame time the ki[...] gaue vnto Dauid, the[...]rother of Llowellin the lordſhip of Frodeſha[...] in C[...]hire, and made hym Knight. Moreouer this yeare the King helde parliamēt, [...]he ſtatute of [...]ortmayne. in which the ſtatute of Mort[...] in was eſtabliſhed.

Frier Iohn Pecchaut, whome the Pope had alreadye conſecrated Archbiſhop of Canterbury, being the xlvij. in number that had gouerned in that ſea, came this yere ouer into England to ſupplie the roomth. Alſo Walter Gi[...] forde, Archebiſhop of Yorke, departed this life, in whoſe place ſuceeded Willyam Wick wa[...], the .xxxvij. Archbiſhop there. [...] Synode at [...]ading. The archbiſhop of Canterbury held a Synode at Reding about the latter ende of Iuly in the whiche he renued the conſtitutiōs of the general coūſell, as thus. That no eccleſiaſticall perſon ſhuld haue aboue one benefice to the which belōged cure of ſoule, and agayne that all thoſe that were promoted to any eccleſiaſticall liuing ſhoulde receyue the order of prieſthoode wythin one yeare after his being promoted therto. Moreouer this yere the Kyng tooke order for the amending of his money and coyne, which in that ſeaſon was fouly clipped, waſhed, & coūterfeted by thoſe noughty men the Iews, and other, as before you haue partely hearde. The King therefore in the octaues of the Trinitie ſente forth commaundement to all the ſherifes within the lande, that ſuche mony as was coūterfeted, clipped or waſhed, ſhoulde not be currant from thenceforth: and furthermore hee ſente of his owne treaſure good mony and not clipped, vnto certaine cities and to thus in the realme, that exchange might he made wyth the ſame till newe money were ſtump[...]. And about the thirde day of Auguſt the [...] exchange was made of the newe money [...] [...]ings, but yet the olde money went all this yeare togyther wyth the newe, & then was the olde wyne generally forbidden, [...] [...]dement giuen by publike proclamation, [...] thenceforth it ſhould no more be allow to [...] [...]an[...]: and here with alſo half pence [...] had [...]ne ſtamped in the meane time, he g[...]e to come abroade the ſame daye [...] money was thus prohibited. The [...] Roger [...]rline kept a great feaſt at [...] iuſtes and triumphes of an [...] Knyghts and as many Ladyes, to the [...] Lords, Knyghtes, and gentlemen from dyuers co[...]y[...] and [...]andes to ſhew proſe of their [...] practiſe of war [...] [...]tates and [...]eriſes. In the meane ſeaſon king Edward ſtanding in need of money, An. reg. 8.
1280.
Nic. Triuet. Polidore. Abingdon. 
A shift to get money. deuiſed a newe ſh[...] to ſerue his iourne, as this: whereas he was chiefe Lorde of many Lordeſhippes, [...]ours poſſeſſions and renementes, he well vnderſtoode, that partely by length and praies of one, & partly by [...]ties during the troubles of the [...] warres, many mens euidences, as theyr charters, deedes, copies & other wr[...]gs were loſt, waſted, and made awaye, hee therefore [...]nder colour to put the ſtatute of (qu[...] [...]ran[...]o) in execucion, whiche was ordeyned this were in the parliamēt holden at Glouceſter in Auguſt laſt paſſe, as ſome write, did [...] [...]nde by publike proclamation, that all ſuche as helde any landes or tenementes of hym, ſhuld come and ſhew by what [...]gh[...] and title they helde the fame, that by ſuche meanes their poſſeſſions might returne vnto him, by eſ [...]e, as chiefe Lord of the ſame, and ſo to be ſolde or redeemed agayne at his handes.Ordinances for money. This was thought to be a ſore proclamation, that a more greuous, had not lightly b[...] herd of, Mē in euery part made complaint and ſhewed thē ſelues greuouſly offended, ſo that the Kyng by meanes thereof, came into great hatred of his people: but the meane ſort of men, though they ſtoode in defence of theyr right, yet it auayled them but litle, bycauſe they had no euidence to ſhew, ſo that they were conſtrained to be quiet wyth loſſe, rather than to ſtriue agaynſte the ſtreame. Many were thus called to anſwere, till at lengthe the Lorde Iohn Warren Earle of Surrey, a mā greatly beloued of the people, perceyuing the Kyng to haue caſte his net for a praye, and that there was not one whyche ſpake againſt him, determined to ſtand againſt thoſe ſo bitter and cruell proceedings, and therfore being called afore the Iuſtices aboute this matter he appeared, and being aſked by what right he held his landes? He ſodenly drawing forth an olde ruſty ſworde,The ſaying of the Earle of Surrey. By this inſtrument (ſayde he) doe I holde my landes, and by the ſame I entende to defende them. Our aunceſtours comming into this Realme with William Conquerour, conquered theyr lands with the ſworde, and wyth the ſame will I defende me from all thoſe that ſhall be about to take them from me, he did not make a conqueſte of this Realme alone, our progenito[...] were with him as participators and helpers with him.

The Kyng vnderſtoode into what hatred of his people by this meanes hee was fallen, and therefore to auoyde ciuill diſſention and war that mighte thereby enſue, he left off his begun practiſe: ſo that the thing which generally ſhuld haue touched and bene hurtfull to all men, was nowe ſodeinly ſtayed by the manhood and conragiouſe ſtoutneſſe only of one man, the forſaid Earle.

A Synode at Lambeth.The archebiſhoppe of Canterbury helde an other Synode at Lam[...]heth, in the whiche hee receyued and confirmed the orders and conſtitutions decreed and eſtablyſhed by the Legates Otho and Othohone, in councels by them kept here within this Realme, adding diuers other of his owne: and in the ſame councell hee went aboute to adnihilate certayne Liberties belonging to the crowne, as the taking knowledge of the right of Patronages and the Kings prohibitions In placitu. de catallu, and ſuche like, which ſeemed merely to touche the ſpiritualtie: but the Kyng by ſome in that coun[...] [...] [...]ode the Archebiſhoppe openly; and wy[...] [...] [...]es ſtay to hym from concluding any [...] that mighte pre[...] his [...]oyall liberties [...] prerogatiues.A p[...] Kyng Edward helde a Parliament at London, in the which he [...] ded a fifteen[...] of the Clergie, why the [...] before he has got of the tempora[...].Th[...] [...] The [...] biſhoppe of Yorke was conſent at the [...] it gra[...]e this fifteenth to bee payde of the [...] gie wythin his dioceſſe in twoo year [...] the Archebyſhoppe of Canterbury helde of, and required reſpite and the nexte p[...] [...] to [...]e houlden after G[...]ſter,The [...] [...]hop of [...] ter[...]. and then has g[...] vnto the Kyng the diſ[...]es of all his Clergie for three yeares, that at ſome poynt hee might be different from the Archebiſhoppe of Yorke.

In the ninthe yeare of Kyng Edward raigne, An. reg. [...] 
128[...] 
The [...] VVa[...] Dauid [...] th[...] of [...] and [...] co[...] [...] bell. the feaſte of the rounde table was kept at Warwike wyth greate and ſump[...] triumphe.

Whyleſt theſe thinges were a doing, Dauid brother to Llewellin Prince of Wal[...] forgettyng the greate benefites whiche hee had receyued at the handes of Kyng Edward, became his aduerſarie, and cauſed his ſaid [...] the prince of Wales with a greate [...] of other noble men of that country to rebell: and to encourage them the ſooner to attempt the warre, he beginneth the firſte exploite himſelfe,The La[...] C[...] [...] takyng the ſaide Lorde Roger Clifforde, (a right worthie and famous Knight) in his caſtell of Hawardine, vppon Palme ſondaye, the ſaide Lorde being in no doubte of any ſuche matter. Diuers Knyghts and other that were in the ſame caſtell at that time and made reſiſtance were ſlaine. After this the foreſaid Dauid retourned to his brother, the Prince, and therwith aſſembling an army, they went bothe togyther and beſieged the caſtell of Rutlande.The Ca[...] Rut[...]land[...] [...] ſieged. Kyng Edward at the ſame time being in the parties aboute Saliſburye, where he kept hys Eſter at the Vies, ſent out Commiſſioners to leuie an army, and commaunded ſuche men of warre as he had then in a rediues, to haſt foorth to the reſcue of the caſtell of Rutlande. And [...] the meane time, [...]e caſtell of [...]p [...]. the caſtell of Lamperdenaut was taken by Rice an Malgone and Griffyth ap Meridocke. Alſo diuers other caſtells were taken by other of the Wel[...] nobilitie.

Moreouer about this time by the labour and ſute of Iohn the Archebiſhoppe of Canterbury, E[...]tricke de Mountfort, [...]icke de [...]fort ſet [...]bertie. whiche had bene [...] teyned in priſon (ſith that hee was firſte taken togither with his ſiſter at the Aſle of Sillie [...] the Briſtowmen) was now ſet at libertie and permitted to retourne into Fraunce. The ſaid Archebiſhop[...] of Canterburye was ſent into Wales to perſwade Llewellin and his brother wyth the other rebels vnto peace and quietnes, [...]vvellin and [...]r the [...]lche rebels [...]rſed.
[...]n. reg. 10. but retourning into Englande wythout beinging any thing to paſſe, he denounced them accurſed.

1282.
[...]e kyng en [...] into [...]ales.The Kyng haſted foorthe to come to the reſcue of his people, wherevppon Llewellin and his brother, Dauid retired wyth their people to Snowdon villes and fortified the caſtel there wyth a ſtrong garniſon of men. The king entring into Wales, when hee heard that his eninemies were wythdrawn into the mounteynes, hee paſſed foorth till hee came neare vnto the[...] where hee pitched downe his fielde, and the nexte daye cauſing his horſemen to iſſue foorth of the campe, [...]itteth all the plaines which compaſſe the foote of thoſe hilles (aſwell on the Eaſt ſide as towarde the South) wyth the [...]e horſemen, and herewyth placed his footemen more alo[...]e on the ſide of the hills in couert: this done, he prouoketh his enemie to come foorth to fight, but when he [...] this woulde not be, then that he might ſtoppe & [...] ſto[...] all places of refuge, bee cauſeth [...] to take the I[...]e of Angl[...]y, bycauſe the W[...]chmen vſed to [...] thither oftentimes for the[...] [...]rde,The Marriners of the cinque Portes. [...] the whiche [...] ſo the Marriners of the [...]que portes [...]ar [...] ſe[...] [...] manfully. After this, [...] certayne v[...]ſſe[...] togither, he cauſed a Bridge to be made in the riuer of Meneth,Meneth. into the which an other ſmall riuer falleth that riſeth at the [...]is of thoſe h[...]tes of Snow: done, to keepe the enimies from lodging on the further ſide of that ryuer. This bridge conteining [...]th for lx. armed mē to paſſe afr[...], was made ouer y^e riuer of Sieal, by the which men ſaile into the Iſle, whiche by the courſe of the ſea [...]beth & [...]oweth euery twelue houres. But ſo it came to paſſe, that before the Bridge was well bourded ouer; whyleſt the Kyng yet remained at there conway, diuers of the engliſh Nobilitie, to the number of ſeuen Banerettes wyth three hundrith armed men raſhely paſſed ouer, and as they [...]urneyed the fort of the moū taine, the tide began to come in ſo ſwiftly, that where the engliſhemen were aduaunced a good pretie way from the water ſide, they could not nowe get backe again to the bridge, which as yet was not fully made vp. The Welchemen perceyuing this, came downe beſide the mountain, and aſſailed the Engliſhmen right fiercelye, and with theyr great multitude ſo oppreſſed them, that for feare the Engliſhmen were driuen to take the water, [...]e English [...] diſtreſſed the vvelch [...]. and ſo by reaſon they were loaden wyth armor, many of them were drowned. And amongeſt other, that famouſe knight ſir Lucas de Thanie, [...]e Lorde [...]ford. Robert Clifford, ſir Wyllyam Lindſey, and two gentlemen of good accompte that were brethren to Robert Burnell as then byſhoppe of Bath.Chro. Dunſt. There periſhed in all (as ſome write) thirtene Knyghts, ſeuenteen yong gentlemen, and to the number of twoo hundreth footmen. Sir Wyllyam Latimere, yet as good happe would, eſcaped, and dyuers other: This miſchaunce happened on Sainct Leonathes daye.

The Earle of Glouceſter maketh vvarre on the vvelchmen.In this meane time in an other parte of the countrey the Earle of Glouceſter wyth an armye, made ſore warre to the Welchemen, and neare vnto the Towne called Lantilaware, tought a ſore with [...] wyth them, in the whiche many of the Welchmen beeing ſlaine, the Erle loſte alſo fiue Knyghtes vppon his partye, as Wyllyam Valence the yonger: beeing one of that number, who was the Kynges couſin.

The Erle of Gloceſter then departing from thence, Llewellin the Prince of Wales entred into the country of Cardigan and Stradwye, deſtroying the landes of Rice ap Meridocke, which nowe helde wyth the Kyng againſte the ſaide prince.An. reg. 11. At length, prince Llewellin going towardes the land of Buelth wyth a ſmall company,Llevvellin inno[...]eth the kings friendes. lefte his maine army behinde hym alofte vpon the top of the mountaine near to the water called Waye, and he had ſet a number of his people to kepe the bridge of Orewin: and ſo the Welchemen kept on the one ſide, and ſhe Engliſhemen on the other,The Lorde Gifforde and Mortimer. of whome were capitaines the Lorde Iohn Gifforde and the lorde Edmunde Mortimer, the whiche preceyuing the Welchemen that were ready to defend the bridge, and a great hoſte of them vpon the top of the mountain, they conſuited togither what they were beſt to doe. At length by the couragious exhortation of one Helias W[...] they drewe on the one hand alongeſt the [...] where was a ſadde paſſable in deede, [...] [...] not wythout daunger: but yet the Engliſhmen by the conducte of the lande Hellas, [...] are by the ſame foorde ſo that it dare the [...] long after of Helias waye. And ſo the Welchmen that kept the bridge (perceyuing the Engliſhmen to be got ouer vnto that [...]) fled, wh[...] vppon the re[...]e of the Engliſhe armye [...] ouer at the Bridge, whereof roſe a gre[...]e noiſe, whiche Llewellin lurking not there o[...] might well heare, but yet at the [...] he coulde not bee brought to thinke that by any poſſible meanes the Engliſhmen were gone [...] that ſide of the water. At lengthe yet [...] uing it to be true, her drew backe towardes [...] heigth of the mountaine agayne, but beeyng diſcourted by one Stephen de F[...]on,Prince [...] denied by ſome [...]es Swarde, hee was ſo [...] rowly pu[...]ed of the ſame Stephan, that [...] was ouertaken muſt [...]ne. Stephan nor [...] wing whome he had ſlain, [...], the whiche was howe mounting vp the [...] ioyne with the [...]ch army that [...] ſtill [...] [...]ing for the [...]me of theyr prince Llewellin, (thoughe in vaine) yet they manifeſtly aboue by theyr tackle, diſ[...]ging plentie of aro[...] and dartes at the Engliſhmen as they came vp towards them, & the engliſh archers which were mingled amongſt the horſmen, payd them home again with their ſhot, ſo that finally the engliſh horſmen, winning the top of the hill, ſlew many of them ſtanding ſtoutly at defence, and put the reſidue to flight. Stephen Sward that had ſlain Llewelin, after the victorie was atchieued rode to the dead body which he had ſlaine in the beginning of the batail, and vpon view taken of him perceued who he was, of which good hap the engliſhmen wer very ioyful.Llevvellyns [...]es preſented to the kyng. His head was herewith cut off, which the Lord Edm. Mortimer tooke with him vnto Rutlande (where the king as then was lodged) vnto whome he preſented it: and the king ſent it vnto Londō, appointing that there ſhuld be an Ime crown ſet vpon it, in tokē that he was a prince, and ſo being adorned, a horſman carried it vpon the end of his ſtaffe throughe Cheape ſide, holding it as he rode on height that all mē might ſee it, [...]l he came to the toure, & ther it was pight vp aloft vpon one of y^e higheſt turrets, remaining there, a long time after,A [...] fulfilled and ſo was the prophecy fulfilled which was told to him by an olde womā taken for a ſouthſayer, of whom he required to know how he ſhuld ſpeede in this warre, whervnto ſhe anſwered, that he ſhuld boldly go forwarde in them, for he ſhould ride with a crown on his head throughe Cheape ſide: & ſo by y^e deceaueable propheſie, he was deluded & brought to diſtruction. The encoūter wherin the Welchemen wer vāquiſhed (as before ye haue herd) chaūced on the Friday before S. Lucies day. King Edwarde being certified thus of the victorie, ſtreighte wayes marcheth forth with his people, and appoynteth at euery paſſage certaine bandes of ſouldiours to lye in wayte for the enimies. Alſo at the foote of the hylles he [...] Horſemen, and mo[...]th vp the [...] himſelf, with [...] army. There [...] [...]e Gaſcoignes, which the Lord Iohn [...] had brought with him out of their countrey ſerue the Kyng, whiche [...]ned manye Townes, [...]e Gaſ [...]es purſue [...] Welchmē [...]ly. and ſlew great numbers of y^e Welchmen, all [...] came in their way and finally, they giuing an aſſaulte to Sno[...]on Caſtell, wanne a by fyne [...].

In this meane tyme, the Welchmen, when they ſawe themſelues encloſed, and ſtopped from all wayes [...]ap[...], after the menn[...] of w[...]de beaſtes, [...]e into the th[...] woddes and ca[...]es, ſome of them make ſhift to get downe through the ſleepe and broken cockes, and ſome of them ſeeking to eſcape by flight, fall into their enimies handes, and are eyther ſlayne or taken, and amongſt theſe, aboute Midſommer, was Dauid taken, togither with his wife, his [...] ſonnes, and [...]uch [...] brought to the [...]ng, who ſent their firſt vnto Rutland [...] [...]e to be[...]f[...]ly kept, K. Edward hauing ſubdued the Welchmen that inhabited in the Mountaynes, went about all the Countrey to [...]onqu[...] the reſidue, aſſembling all his many togither, and then purſuing his aduerſaries, made great ſlaughter of them one [...]che ſide,Wales deuided into ſhires. ſo that there were ſlayne aboue three thouſand in [...] hauing the countrey at his will, he gaue vnto the Engliſh Lords Townes in the middeſt of Wales, and deuided the countrey into Shires, ordeined Sherifes, and other officers as then were vſed in Englande. At A[...]re now hee builded a ſtrong Caſtell, where before, was an houſe of white Monkes, the whiche hee remoued to the Vale royall in Cheſhire,The Vale Royall buile by K. Edward the firſte. where he builded a fayre. Abbey of the Ciſteaux order, and endowed it with greate landes and reuenewes. He alſo made and fortified the Caſtell of Car[...]aruan faſt by Snowdon, and reputed agayne the Towne of Lambaterwh[...], otherwiſe called Abre[...]wich, which Lewline had before beaten downe. Alſo, he placed Engliſh garriſons in the Caſtels and holdes by the Sea ſides, & made Engliſhmen Lords of the groundes and poſſeſſions belonging to the ſame. Rees a Bonan one of the chiefeſt and mightieſt Captaynes of all Wales, which during the warres, had done more diſpleaſure to the Engliſhemen, than any other, in ſpoyling their confynes, and making greate ſlaughters vpon them, vnderſtanding nowe doth of the deathe of Prince Lewline, and the takyng of his brother Dauid, and alſo, perceyuing hymſelfe purſued on each ſide, at length, yeelded hymſelfe and his complices, [...]s a Bouan [...]deth hym [...]e vnto K. [...]rde. vnto Humfrey de Boun Erle of Hereforde, who ſtraight wayes ſente him to the Kyng, and the Kyng ſente him to London, there to be kept priſones in the Tower.

Thus Kyng Edwarde, hauing broughte the rebellion Welchman vnder his correction, hee appoynted his generall [...]tenaunt there, the Lorde Robert Tiptoch, and when hee had ſet all things in good order, about [...]lnias he came to Shreweſbury,A Parliament at Shreweſburie. where at a Parliament by hym there holde[...], the foreſayde Dauid (that was brought [...]ither) as chiefe procurer of all thys warre, was condemned of treaſon,Dauid condemned of treaſon. and was afterwarde extented, according to iudgement pronounced againſte him, that is to witte, hee was hanged drawen and quartered.He is executed. His head was ſent to London, and ſet vp by the head of his brother Lewline. His quarters were deuided, and ſent to be ſet vp on the gates of four of the chiefeſt Cities of England. During theſe warres,Nic. Triuet. the King had of the Temporaltie, the thirtith parte of all their goodes, and of the Spiritualtie, the twentith parte, towardes the maintenance of the ſame warres.

The ſame yeare alſo after Michaelmas, the Kyng helde a Parliamente at Acton Barnell, wherein, thoſe ſtatutes were ordeyned, whiche vnto this day beare the name of the place where they were made.

An. reg. 12.
1284
Edward the ſecond borne.In the twelfth yeare of this Kings raigne, his eldeſt forme Alfonſe departed this life at Windſor, and on Saint Markes daye, hys ſonne Edward that after ſucceeded him in the Kingdome, was borne at Carnaruan, where the King had builded a ſtrong Caſtell, and was come thyther with the Queene at that tyme, to ſee the ſame.

Abingdon.Alſo this yeare, in the Quindene of Sainte Michaell, the Iuſtices Itinerantes began to goe their generall circuites.

On Eaſter day,A [...] day [...] which fell this yeare the [...] of Aprill, beeing alſo leape yeare, in [...] ning about the riſing of the ſunne, the el[...] was ſhadowed with ſuche darkeneſſe and [...] neſſe of aire, that it ſeemed to waxe night [...] and ſuddainely roſe an horrible tempeſt, [...] hayle and rayne, and after of ſnow, that [...] all the Earthe, and then followed ſuche [...] and lightning, that men were maruellouſſe amaſed therewith, conſidering it ſeemed to [...] againſt the nature of the ſeaſon, for vn[...] in Aprill ſhall ye heare any ſuch thunder. At [...] yet it brake vp, and the element recouered [...] [...] cuſtomed cleereneſſe.

In the thirtenth yere of his raigne, An. reg. [...] 
12[...] King [...] ward kept his Chriſtmas at Briſtowe, [...] [...]e there a priuate Councell, but no generall Parliamente, and this was the firſte tyme that anye Engliſhe King can be remembred, to haue kepte any ſolemne feaſt at Briſtowe.Briſtowe.

The King then leauing his Court of Chancery at Briſtowe, with his children, came to Lō don,Ambaſſadors from the French kyng. where he had not bin almoſt of three yeares before. Heere came meſſengers to him from the Frenche King, requiring him to come in perſon, with a certayne number of men of warre, to ayde him in the warres againſt the King of Aragone, as of right he ought to doe, by reaſon of the Duchie of Guyenne which he held of him.

William the Archbyſhop of Yorke de [...]lled.
Iohn Romane Archbiſhop [...] Yorke. [...]on Col [...] Ox [...].The ſame yeare, dyed William the Archbyſhop of Yorke, after hee had gouerned that See ſixe yeares, and then ſucceeded one Iohn ſurnamed Romayne.

Aboute this ſeaſon, was Marton Colledge in Oxforde founded by Walter Marton that was Lord Chauncellour of England, and a[...]r Byſhoppe of Rocheſter. King Edwarde ſeaſed the [...]tiſes and liberties of London into hys [...]es, and diſcharged the Maior then beeing Gregory Rokkeſley, & appointed for Cuſto and Guardein of the Citie, one Stephen Sandwich, the which from the day of the cōuerſion of Saint Paule, till the Monday following the Purification of our Lady, continued in that office & was then diſcharged, and Sir Iohn Breton Knighte charged therewith for the reſidue of the yeare.

There is no certain knowledge left in records, why the Kyng tooke ſuche diſpleaſure with the Citie, ſaue that the Mayor, the ſayde Gregory Rokkeſley, as the ſame went, tooke bribes of the bakers, and ſuffred them to ſell bread, lacking ſixe or ſeauen ounces of weight in a peny loſe.

The new worke of the Church of Weſtminſter, to the ende of the quiar, begun as before is ſhewed, in the thirde yeare of Kyng Henry, was this yeare fully finiſhed.

The nineteenth of Marche,The de[...] the Sco[...] Kyng. dyed Alexander Kyng of Scotlande by a fall whyche he caught as hee ranne a ſtirring horſe: hee left no iſſue behinde hym, nor any certain knowne heire to ſucceede hym, by reaſon whereof enſued greate burne to that Realme (as in the Scottiſh hiſtorie, may more at large appeare.) The manner of whoſe death, as in Richard Southwell I fynde it reported, I haue thought good briefly to touch, for that in recitall thereof, hee ſomewhat diſagreeth from the Scottiſh hiſtorie. [...] South. There went (ſaith he) a common ſpeeche through Scotlande all this yeare, before the Kynges deathe, that the ſame nineteenth of Marche, ſhoulde the daye of Iudgement be: and herevpon, as the ſayd king ſate at dinner in the Caſtell of Edenburgh, hauing a diſhe of excellente good Lampreys before him, he ſent part thereof vnto one of the Lordes that ſate at ſome other table, not farre from him, and willed him by the Gentleman that bare it, to be merrie, and to haue in minde, that this was the day of doome: the Lorde ſente him thankes agayne, and prayed the meſſenger to tell the king merily, that if this were the day of doome, they ſhould riſe to iudgemente ſpeedily with their bellies filled with good meates and drinkes. After that they had dyned, and nighte began to drawe on, hee tooke his Horſe, and onely accompanyed with three Gentlemenne, woulde needes ride to Kingorne, where the Queene his new wife then lay, and before he coulde get vnto Innerkenin it was darke nighte, ſo that hee tooke there two guides to leade him the way, but they hadde not ridden paſt two miles, but that the guides hadde quite loſt the way, ſo that they were driuen to gyue their horſes libertie to beate it out themſelues: but herewith, the King being feuered from his company, how he ruled his Horſe it is harde to ſay, but downe he was throwen, and immediately died with the vehement fall which he thus caught, eyther headlong down one of the cliffes, or otherwiſe, and thus he came to his ende, on a monday being Saint Cuthberts euen the nynetenth of March (as before is noted) after he hadde, raigned ſixe and thirtie yeares & nine monethes, as the ſame Southwell writeth, who alſo contrary to that which Hec. Boc. writeth, affirmeth, that y^e ſame day was ſo tempeſtuous with wind, ſnow, hayle and raine, that hee, and many other that thē liued and felt it, durſt not vncouer theyr faces in going abrode againſte the bitter Northren winde, that droue the ſnow and ſleete moſt vehemently vpon them. And although that ſuche foule weather might haue ſtayed him frō takyng his iorney in that ſort, yet he made no accompte thereof, as hee that was accuſtomed to ride as wel in foule weather as faire, and ſpared neyther for tempeſt, waters, nor craggie rockes, thick nor thinne, for al was one to him, oftentimes takyng his iourney in diſguiſed apparell, accompanyed only with one ſeruaunt. But to returne vnto the doings in England. This yeare, the Kyng tooke eſcuage fortie ſhillings of euery Knightes fee, towards the charges of his laſt warres in Wales. A Parliamente was holden at Weſtminſter, at the which were made y^e ſtatutes called Addicamenta Gloceſtriae, or rather the ſtatutes of Weſtminſter the ſeconde. An. reg. 14.
Fabian. 
Thomas Piwileſdon a Citizen of London. In the fourtenth yeare of K. Edward, a Citizen of London named Thomas Piwileſdon, the whiche in time of the Barons warres had bin a greate doer to ſtirre the people againſt Kyng Henry, was now accuſed, that hee with other ſhuld goe about to make new diſturbance within the Citie: whereof, enquirie beeyng made and had before ſir Raufe Standiſch as thē Cuſtos, or guarden of the Citie, the ſaid Piwileſdon, & other, to the number of fiftie,He with other are baniſhed the Citie. were baniſhed the Citie for euer. Alſo, where of olde tyme before this ſeaſon, the merchaunte ſtraungers were vſed to be lodged within the dwelling houſes of the Citizens of London, and ſold all theyr merchandice, by procuration of their hoſtes, for the whiche their ſayde hoſtes had a certayne allowance, after the rate of euery pound.A new order for merchant ſtraungers. Now it was ordered, that the ſayde merchaunt ſtraungers myghte take houſes to hyre, for to inhabite therein, and for ſtowage of their wares, and no Citizen to intermedle with them or their wares: by reaſon whereof, they vſed many deceyptes, both in vttering counterfaite wares, and alſo vniuſt waightes: and moreouer, muche of thoſe wares which they ſhould haue wayed at y^e kings beame, they wayed at home within their houſes,Strangers committed to the Tower. to the hinderance of the Kings cuſtome. Heereof, ſearch being made vpon a ſuddayne, and their waightes founde and prooued falſe, twentie of the ſayde ſtraungers were arreſted and ſente to the Tower and theyr wayghtes brent, deſtroyed and broken to peeces in Weſt cheape, the thurſeday before the feaſt of Simon and Iude. Fynally, the ſayde Merchauntes were deliuered, being putte to a fyne of a thouſande pounde, after ſore and hard impriſonmente.

The Iewes in one nyghte were generally apprehended, and putte in priſon,1286 through all the parties of Englande, and ſo kept in durance, till they hadde fyned at the Kynges pleaſure.

It is reported, that the commons of Englande graunted to the Kyng, the fifte parte of theyr moueables, to haue the Iewes baniſhed out of the land: but the Iewes to put the Engliſhmē from their purpoſe, gaue to the Kyng greate ſummes of money, whereby they tarried yet a whyle longer.

King Edward went ouer into Fraunce vpon the fiue and twentith of May, N. Triuet. 
The Kyng paſſeth ouer into Fraunce. paſſing through Pycardy vnto Amiens, and there the Frenche Kyng to doe him honor, was ready to receyue hym. Heere Kyng Edwarde dyd homage vnto the Frenche Kyng for y^e lands which he ought to holde of hym in Fraunce. And after, hee was alſo preſent at a Parliament, the which y^e Frēch King helde at Paris, in the whiche hee obteyned many things for the liberties of his ſayd landes, as then by diuers wayes wrongfully oppreſſed, though ſuch graunt continued not long in force. After Whitſontide, King Edward departed frō Paris, and wente into Gaſcoigne, togither with his wife Queene Eleanor, the whiche was with him in all this iorney.

An. reg. 15.
1287.This yeare, the King wente into Aragone, where his authoritie auayled muche, in the making of agreement betwixt the kings of Aragone and Naples, whereby, Charles King of Naples was then ſet at libertie, vpon certayne couenants paſſed, and agreed betwixt them.

The Kings mother Queene Eleanor thys yeare forſooke the world,Rich. South. and tooke vppon hir the habite of a Nunne at Ambreſbury, but yet ſhee ſtill reteined and enioyed hir dower by the Popes authoritie and diſpenſation.

Aboute this time, a Squire called Chamberlaine, with his complices, ſet fire in the merchāts boothes, at Saint Butholpes fayre, [...]riſtow faire robbed. and whyleſt the Merchauntes were about to quench the fire, the ſayde Squire and his complices ſet vpon he ſayd Merchaunts, ſlewe many of them, and r[...] bed them of their goodes.

This yeare,Vari[...] twi[...] Lord P[...] Tip[...] [...] fell variance betweene the Lo[...] Payne Tiptoft, Wardeine of certayne Caſt[...]es in Wales, and a Welch Knight called Sir Ricap Meridocke, ſo that ſundry ſkirmiſhes were foughten betwixt them, and men ſlayne on both ſides, to the great diſturbance of the Countrey.

The cauſe of this warre, roſe chiefly, for that the ſaid Lord Tiptoft, & the Lord Alane Plu[...] net, the kings Steward in Wales, would ha[...] cōſtreined the ſaid Rees to appeare at counties & hundreds, as the vſe in other parts of Wales thē was, contrary to ſuch liberties as he had obteined of the K. as he pretēded. But when the K. wrote vnto the ſame Rees, requiring him to keepe the peace, til his returne (at what time, he promiſed to reforme al things in due & reaſonable order) Rees hauing already put armour vpō his back, would not now encline to any peace, but to reuenge hys cauſe, aſſēbled a great multitude of Welchmē,N. Triuet. with whoſe help hee brente and deſtroyed many Townes in Wales, ſo that the King being then beyond the ſeas, ſent vnto the Erle of Cornwal, whom in his abſence, he had appointed his Lieutenant ouer England, requiring him to ſende an army of mē into Wales, to reſiſt the malice and riottous attemptes of the Welchmen. The Erle ſhortly therevpon prepared an army, and wente with the ſame into Wales, or as other write, the Biſhop of Elie, y^e Lord Prior of Saint Iohns, the Earle of Glouceſter, and diuers Barons of the land went thither, and chaſing the ſaid Rees, diſperſed his army, and ouerthrewe and raſed his caſtells, but by vndermining and reuerſing the walles of the Caſtell of Druſlan, with the fall therof, the Baron Stafford, and the Lord William de Monchency, with many other Knightes and Eſquiers, were oppreſſed, & bruſed to death.

This yeare, the Kyng at Blankfort in Geſcoigne, tooke vpon him the Croſſe, purpoſing eſtſoones to make a iorney againſte Gods enimies.

In the winter of this yeare, great flouds chā ced by reaſon of the exceeding abundaunce of raigne that fell and the Sea alongſt the Northeaſt coaſtes from Humber to Yermouth, brake into the land, ouerflowing the ſame by the ſpace of three or foure leagues in breadth, as the author of the Chronicle of Dunſtable affirmeth,Chron. [...] ouerthrowing buildings, and drowning vp mē and cattaylle, that coulde not auoyde the daunger, by the ſuddayne commyng in thereof, namely, about Yermouth, Dunwiche, and Gippeſwiche▪ Likewiſe in the Mers lande of Lincolneſhire, it did paſſing greate hurte, bringing al the Countrey into water. This chanced in the very night of the beginning of this yeare, to wit▪ in the feaſt of the circumciſion of our lord, and in December it, brake out againe in Northfolke, and Suffolke, wher it did much harme, namely about Yermouth.

[...]n. reg. 16. 
1288 
[...]ron. Dunſt.This yeare, and likewiſe the yeare laſt paſt, was ſuche plentie of grayne that wheate was ſolde in ſome places of this lande, for twentie pence a quarter, and in ſome places for ſixteene pence, and peas for twelue pence a quarter. The ſommer this yeare exceeded in heate, ſo that men through the intemperate exceſſe thereof, dyed in diuers places. It chanced in Gaſcoigne, that as the King and Queene ſate in their chamber vpō a bedde talking togither, the thunder bolte comming in at the windowe behinde them, paſſed through betwixt thē as they ſate, and ſlewe two of their Gentlemen that ſtoode before thē, to the great terror of all y^t were preſent.Southwel. This yeare, dyuers of thoſe y^t had robbed the faire at Boſton, were executed. Moreouer, wheras Rees an Meridocke continued ſtil in his miſcheuous doings, at length, the Lorde deputie of Wales.Polidor. Ran. Higd. Nic. Triuet. Roberte Ti[...]toft, vſing both ſpeedy diligence, and tymely counſell, gathering all ſuche power as hee coulde make paſſed forth againſt his aduerſaries. Wher of, when ſir Rees was aduertiſed, and vnderſtanding that the Engliſhmen were for [...] nū ber than his Welchmē, he thought to ouer [...]aw them at his pleaſure, and therfore encouraging his people, with many cōſtable [...] their manhood vpō the Engliſhmens [...] haſted to wente th[...]. The Welchmen being for the more part but yong ſouldiers, and not tray[...] ned to keepe any order of battayle, [...]anne firmely vpon their enimies, aſſayling the[...] [...] the fr[...], before on the ſides a fla[...], and on the [...] behinde, enforcing themſelues [...] the [...] of their power to breake their [...] But y^e Engliſhmen valiantly reſiſted, ſo that there w[...] [...] fore battayle for a while, and the [...] [...]g[...] ouſly y^t Welchmen aſſailed y[...]w[...] [...]tly the Engliſhmen defended, in keeping thēſelues cloſe togither, & beating back their aduerſaries an[...] at lēgth, perceiuing thē to faint & were [...]erry, they ruſh forth into y^e middle of y^e Welchmen, a brake them in ſunder, ſo that when they ſaw thēſelues thus repulſed by the Engliſhmē, contrary vnto all their expectation, they knew not what to doe, for they durſt neyther fighte nor flee, [...] Welch [...]omfited. [...]e[...]ap Me[...]i [...]ke taken and ſo by y^e meanes were beaten downe on euery ſide. Meridocke himſelfe was taken, but the moſte part of al his army was ſlain, to the number of four M. mē. Thus were the Welchmē worthily chaſtiſed for their Rebellion. Sir Rees ap Meridocke was had to Yorke, wher at lēgth, after y^e K. was returned out of Gaſenigne, [...]n. reg. 17.
1289
[...]n. Marl. 
[...]e tempeſt [...]ayle. [...]. Higd. he was hāged, drawē and quartred. This yere on S. Margarets euen, that is, the [...]9. day of Iuly, fel a wonderful tēpeſt of haile, that y^e like had not in ſeene nor heard of by any mā thē liuing. And after, thee enſued ſuch continuall rain[...], ſo diſtempe[...]ing y^e ground, that corne waxed very deare, in ſo muche, that where wheate was ſolde before at three d a buſhell, the market ſo roſe by little and little,A great dearth beginneth. y^t it was ſolde for two ſs. a buſhell▪ and ſo y^e dearth encreaſed ſtil almoſt, by y^e ſpace of 40. yeres, til y^e death of Edward the ſecōd, in ſo much, that ſometime a buſhell of wheate, London meaſure, was ſolde at tenne ſhillings.

The King, after he hadde remained a three yeares, two moneths, and fifteene dayes in Gaſcoigne, and in other parts there beyond the ſea, he returned into Englād the fourth day of Auguſt, & vpō the euen of our Ladys day y^e Aſſumptiō, he came to London, where he was moſt ioyfully receyued, & ſo came to Weſtminſter: wher ſhortly after, were preſented vnto him many greeuous complayntes and informations, againſt dyuers of his Iuſtices, as ſir Thomas Weyland, Adam S[...]erton, and others, the which were had in examination, and therevpon, found giltie of manye treſpaſſes and tranſgreſſions, in ſo much, that it was giuē him to vnderſtand, y^t there were amōg them that had giuen conſent to the cōmitting of murders & robberies, & wittingly had recepted the oſtendors.Chron. Dunſt. Wherevpō, the K. cauſed ſtraight enqulite to be made by an inqueſt of 12. ſubſtantiall perſonages,Thomas Weyland Lord chiefe Iuſtice of the kings benche. who found by verdict, that Thomas Weyland Lord chiefe Iuſtice of the kings bēch, had cauſed a mu[...] her to be done by his ſeruants, and after ſuccoured and maynteyned them: wherevpon, he was by the kings officers arreſted, but eſcaping their hāds, he tooke Saintuarie in y^e Church of y^e Friers minors at S. Edmonde ſourie, & was admitted into their habite, but within 40. dayes after, order was giuen by the K. that no kind of vittayles ſhould bee ſuffered to be conuey into that houſe, ſo that all the Friers came forth, except three or four, & at length, he was cō ſtreyned to take vpon him a lay mans apparell, and comming foorth, was deliuered to the hands of Robert Malet knight,Robert Mallet. who had before, the cuſtody of him, & now hauing him againe, brought him to the Tower of London. At length, he was put to his choyſe of three wayes, which ſoeuer of them he would take, that is, whether to be tryed by hys peeres, or to remaine in perpetuall priſon, or to abiure the Realme: he choſe the laſt, and ſo bare footed, and bare headed, bearing a Croſſe in his hand, hee was conueyed from the Tower to Douer, where taking the Sea, hee tranſported to the further ſide of the Sea hys goodes, mouable and vnmouable,William Brampton. Roger Leiceſter. beeing confiſcate to the Kinges cofers. Wil. Brampton, Roger Leiceſter, Iohn Luneth, aſſociates of y^e ſaid Thomas, [...] & I[...] of y^e kings bench: Alſo, Roberte Lithbury [...] layn, & maſter of y^e rolles, being accuſed of [...] ful iudgemēts and other treſpaſſes were cōm[...] to priſon within the Tower, and at length [...] much adoe, eſcaped with paying their fyues, ſo y^t hee whiche payed leaſt, gaue a thouſand ma[...] Moreouer, Salomon of Rocheſter,Solomon [...] Ro[...] T[...] S[...] [...] Walter [...] R[...] de H[...]g[...]. Tho[...] Sudington, Richard de Boylande, & Walter de Hopton, Iuſtices Ieimerantes, were like wiſe [...] ſhed, & for y^e ſemblable offences, put to their [...] Sir Rauf de Hinghā a Iuſtice alſo, to whom [...] y^e kings abſence, the ordering of y^e Realme chiefly apperteyned, being accuſed of diuers tranſgre[...] ons, & cōmitted to y^e tower, redeemed his offence for an infinit ſumme of money.Adam de S[...], chiefe [...] Adam de S[...] ton, Lord chiefe Baron of the eſchecker, being cō uicted of many hainous crimes, a man plentifully prouided both of temporall poſſeſſions, and eccleſiaſticall reuenewes, loſt all hys temporal lyuings and 34. thouſande markes in ready c[...], beſide other mouables, in cattaile, iewels & [...] ture of houſhold, which were all confiſked, & forfeyted wholly: and it was thought, he was g[...]tly dele, y^t he eſcaped with life, & ſuch ſpiritual liuings as to him remained. Henry Bray eſcheator,Henry [...] & the Iudges ouer the Iewes, were reported to haue cō mitted many greeuous offences, but for money they bought their peace. To conclude, there was not found any amōgſt al y^e Iuſtices and officers cleere & voyde of vniuſt dealing,Iohn de Metingham, [...] Elias de [...] kingham. except Iohn de Metingham, & Elias de Bekingham, who only among y^e reſt, had behaued themſelues vprightly. Whē therfore, ſuch greeuous complayntes were exhibited to y^e K. he appoynted the Earle of Lincolne, y^e Biſhop of Elie and others, to heare euery mans complaint, and vpon due examinatiō and triall, ſee them aunſwered accordingly as right & equitie ſhuld require. In the 18. yere of his raigne, An. reg. [...] 
129[...] the K. married two of his daughters, that is to witte, [...]. Marle. [...]ic. Triuet. Ioane de Acres vnto Gilberte de Clare Earle of Glouceſter, and the Lady Margaret vnto the Lord Iohn ſonne to the Duke of Brabant. T[...] Kyng ordeyned, that all the [...]le which ſhould be ſolde vnto ſtraungers, ſhould be brought vnto Sandwich, where the ſtaple therof was kept long time after.

[...]e ſtatutes Weſtmin [...] the third [...]bliſhed.The foure yeare, was a Parliamente holden at Weſtminſter, wherein, the ſtatutes of Weſtmaſter the third were ordeyned. It was alſo decreed, that all the Iewes ſhoulde auoide out of that land in conſideration whereof, a fiftenth was graunted to the King, and ſo herevpon, were the Iewes baniſhed out of all the Kings dominiōs, [...]e Iewes [...]iſhed out Englande. and neuer [...]hence, could obteyne any priuiledge to returne hither againe. All their goodes not moueable, were confiſcate, with their railties and obligations, but all other, theyr goodes that were moueable, togither with their coyne of golde and ſiluer, the King licenced them to haue and condeigh with them: A ſort of the richeſt of them, being ſhipped with their treaſure in a mightie falle ſhippe which they had hired, when the ſame was vnder ſay[...]e, and gote downe the Thames towards the month of the riuer beyonde Quindorowe, the maſter Mariner bethoughte him of a wile, and cauſed his menne to caſt ancre, and ſo rode at the ſame, till the Shippe by ebbing of the ſtreame, remayned on y^e drie ſands. The maſter herewith entiſed the Iewes forth with him to walke a land for their recreation, and at lēgth, when he vnderſtoode the tide to be comming in, he gote him backe to the ſhippe, whether he was drawen vp by a corde. The Iewes made not ſo muche haſt as he did, bycauſe they were not ware of the daunger, but when they perceyued how the matter ſtoode, they cried to him for helpe: but hee [...] the, that they ought to crie rather to Moyſes, by whoſe conduct their father paſſed through the redde Sea, and therefore, if they would can to him for helpe,Iewes drowned. hee was able ynough to help them out of thoſe raging flouds whiche nowe came in vpon them: they cried indeede, but no ſuccour appeared, and ſo they were ſwallowed v[...] in water. The maſter returned with the Shippe, and tolde the King howe hee had vſed the matter, and had both thanks and reward, as ſome haue written, where other affirme,Chro. Dun. and more [...]uely as ſhould ſeeme, that diuers of thoſe marr[...]rs whiche deal[...] ſo wic[...]y againſte the Iewes, were hanged for their wicked practiſe, and ſo receyued a iuſt rewarde of there [...]dulente and miſcheuous dealing. But now to the purpoſe.

In the foreſayde Parliamente, the Kyng demaunded [...]yde of money of the Spiritualtie, for that (as he pretended) h[...] meane to make a iorney into the holy lande,The eleuenth part a eccleſiaſticall reuenewes, graunted to the K. to ſuccour the Chriſtians there: wherevppon, they graunted to him the eleuenth parte of al their moueables. He receiued the money aforehande, but letted by other buſineſſe at home, he went not foorth vpon that iorney.

In the ninetenth yeare of King Edwarde, Queene Eleanor Kyng Edwardes wife dyed vpon Saint Androwes euen at Herdeby, An. Reg. 19.
The deceaſſe of Q Eleanor. or Herdeley (as ſome haue) heere to Lincolne the Kyng beeyng as the on his way towards y^e bordures of Scotlād: but hauing now loſt y^e iewell which hee moſt eſtemed,Tho. VVal. he returned towards Londō to accōpany y^e corps vnto Weſtminſter, wher it was buried in S. Edwarde Chapell, at the feete of K. Henry the third. [...] prayſe of Queene called. She was a right godly & modeſt princes, ful of pitie, & one y^t ſhewed much fauour to y^e Engliſhe natiō, ready to releeue euery mans griefe that ſuſteyned wrong, and to make them friendes that were at diſcorde, ſo farre as in hir lay.

In euery Towne and place where the corpes reſted by the way, the Kyng cauſed a Croſſe of cunning workmanſhippe to be erected in remembrance of hir, and in the ſame, was a picture of hir engrauen.

Charing croſſe and other erected.Two of the like Croſſes were ſet vp at Londō, one at Charing, & the other in Weſt Cheape.

Moreouer, he gaue in almes euery wedneſday whereſoeuer hee wente, pence a peece, to all ſuche poore folkes, as came to demaund the ſame.

1291Aboute the ſame time, bycauſe that the Kyng ſhoulde bee the more willing to goe into the holy land as he had promiſed to doe, hauing money to furniſh him foorth, the Pope graunted vnto hym the tenth of the Church of Englād,The tenth of ſpiritall reuenewes grā ted to the K. Scotlād and Ireland, according to the true value of all the reuenewes belonging to the ſame for ſixe yeares. He wrote to the Biſhops of Lincolne and Wincheſter, that the ſame tenth ſhould be layde vp in Monaſteries and Abbeyes, til the King was entred into the Sea, called Mare Maggiore, forwardes on hys iorney Eaſtwardes, and then to be payde to his vſe. But the King afterwards, cauſed the collectors to make payment to him of the ſame tenth gathered for three yeares, and layde vp in Monaſteries, although he ſet not one fote forward in that iorney, as letted through other buſineſſe.

Alſo, by reaſon of the controuerſie whiche depended as then betwixt diuers perſons, as competitors of the Crowne of Scotland, he went into the North partes, & kept his Eaſter at Newcaſtell, and ſhortly after, called a Parliamente at Northampton, where by the aduice of the Prelates and other of his councell, learned in both the lawes, vpon knowledge had by ſearch of records, and Chronicles of aunciente time, bee cauſed all the Prelates and Barons of Scotland to be called afore him, and there in the Pariſh Church of Norham, hee declared vnto them his right to the ſuperioritie of the Kingdom of Scotland [...] [...] quiring of them, that they woulde recogniſe [...] ſame, proteſting, that he would defende the [...] of his. Crowne, to the ſhedding of his own bl[...] that a true certificate & information might come to light of his title and rightfull clayme, vnto the direct and ſupreme dominion, ouer the Realm [...] Scotland. He had cauſed verily all the Hiſtories, Chronicles and monumēts that were to be [...] within Englād, Scotlād & Wales, to be ſo[...] vp and peruſed, y^t it might be knowen, what right he had in this behalfe wherevpon, it was fo[...] by y^e Chronicles of Marianus the Scot▪ Wil▪ of Malmeſ. Roger Houeden, Henry Huntington Rauf de Diceto, & others, y^t in the yere of our lord 910. K. Edwarde ſurnamed Senior, or the elder▪ ſubdued to him the kings of Scottes & Welchmē alſo, that in the yere 921. the ſame people choſe the ſaid Edward to be their King and patrone. And likewiſe, in the yeare 926. Athelſtane King of England, vanquiſhed Conſtantine K. of Scotland, and permitted him yet to raigne vnder him. Moreouer, Edred y^e brother of Athelſtan and [...] of Englād, ouercame the Scottes and Northū bers, y^t which ſubmitted themſelues to him and ſware to him fealtie. Alſo Edgar K. of England vanquiſhed Kineth the ſonne of Alpine Kyng of Scotland, who ſware fealtie to him. Likewiſe Cnute K. of Englād and Denmarke, in the ſixtenth yere of his raigne ouercame Malcolme K. of Scottes, and ſo became K. of four kingdoms, England, Scotland, Denmarke and Norway. Furthermore, that bleſſed K. Saint Edwarde, gaue y^e kingdome of Scotland vnto Malcolme the ſonne of the K. of Cumberlande, to holde the ſame of him. Again, Willi. Baſtard the Normā Conquerour, in the ſixth yere of his raigne vanquiſhed Malcolme K. of Scotland, & receyued of him an oth of fealtie. Alſo, Wil. Rufus did [...] like vnto Malcolme K. of Scottes, and to two of his ſonnes that ſucceſſiuely raigned ouer that realm. Alſo, Alexander ſucceeded his brother Edgar in the Kingdome of Scotland, by conſent of Kyng Henry y^e firſt. Alſo, Dauid K of Scotlande, dyd homage to K. Stephen, and Wil. K. of Scottes, did homage to Henry, the ſon of K. Henry y^e ſecond, whē in his fathers life time, he was Crowned, and againe, to Henry the father, in the twē tith yeare of his raigne, as by an agreemēt made betwixt thē two, it doth appere. Alſo, Ro. Ho[...]ed. ſaith, that Willi. K. of Scotland, came to his ſoueraigne Lord K. Henry into Normandy, and likewiſe to K. Richard, & moreouer, to K. Iohn, at Lincolne, doing to them his homage. Alſo, in the Chronicles of S. Albons it is found, that Alexander King of Scotlande married at Yorke Margaret the daughter of K. Hēry the third in y^e 35. yeare of his raigne, and did to hym homage.

And further when king Edwarde himſefle was crowned at Weſtminſter, in the yere of our Lorde .1274. being the ſeconde of his raigne, the laſt deceeſſed king of Scotlande, Alexander the third of y^e [...]ame, did homage vnto him at Welſt, the morow after the coronatiō. All which homages and fealthes thus done by ſundrie kings of Scotland vnto ſundrie kings of England, were directly and moſt manifeſtly proued to bee done for the Realme of Scotlande, and not onelye for the landes whiche they helde of the kings of Englande within Englande, as the Scottiſhe wryters woulde ſeeme to colour the matter. But things being then freſh in memorie, no ſuch cauillation might be auerred. And ſo herevpon king Edwardes tytle being ſubſtantially proued, [...]g Edwarde [...]guiſed for [...]rior lorde [...]otland. he was recogniſed ſuperiour Lorde of Scotlande, of all them that pretended tytle at that tyme to that kingdome, by wrytings the[...] made and confirmed vnder theyr ſea[...]s, the which being written in French conteyned as [...] followeth. [...] Copie of Charter.

VVhich in Engliſh is as followeth

The recogniſing therefore made of the ſuperioritie and ſubmiſſion of graunt to receyue that which before the king of England ſhould by law he defined, the ſayde king requyred to haue the Caſtels, and the whole lande deliuered vnto hys poſſeſſion that by peaceable ſeyſ[...]e thereof had, his right of ſuperioritie now recogniſed by theyr letters and wrytings, might be the more manifeſt and apparant to the whole world. They ſtreight way agreed to the kings requeſt, and wrytings thereof were made and confirmed wyth theyr Seales, being written in Frenche. The tenour whereof enſueth.

The Engliſh whereof is thus.

Theſe two letters the King of England [...] vnder his priuie Seale vnto diuerſe Monaſteries within his realme, in the .xix. yeare of his raigne, that in perpetuall memorie of the thing thus paſſed, it might be regiſtred in their Chronicles.

And thus by the common aſſent of the chiefeſt of the Lordes in Scotlande, king Edwarde receyued the lande into his cuſtodie, tyll by due and lawfull tryall had, it myght appeare who was rightfull heyre to the crowne there.

The homage or fealtie of the Nobles of Scotland was expreſſed in wordes as followeth. Rich. [...] 
The [...] tenor of [...] homage.

Bycauſe that all wee are come vnto the allegiance of the noble Prince Edwarde King of Englande, wee promiſe for vs and oure heyres vpon all the daunger that wee may incurre, that wee ſhall bee faythfull, and loyally holde of hym agaynſte all manner of mortall menne, and that wee ſhall not vnderſtande of any domage that may come to the king, nor to his heyres, but wee ſhall ſtay and impeache the ſame to our powers. And to this we binde our ſelues and our heyres, and are ſworne vpō the Euangeliſts to performe the ſame. Beſide this, we haue done fealtie vnto our ſoueraigne lord the ſaid king in theſe wordes eche one by himſelf: I ſhall be true and faythfull; and fayth and loyaltie I ſhall beare to the King of Englād Edward and his heyres, of life member and worldely honour agaynſte all mortall creatures.

Maiſter [...]phe[...] of R[...] The King hauing receyued as well the poſſeſſions of the Realme, Caſtelles, Manours, and other places belongyng to the crowne of Scotlande, [...]dens of [...]ealme of [...]and ap [...]ted by K. [...]arde. he committed the gouernment and cuſtodie of the realm vnto the Biſhops of Saint Andrewes and Glaſgo, to the Lordes, Iohn Cumyn, and Iames Stewarde, who had put him in poſſeſſion, to that vnder him they [...]o the ſame, in maner as they had done before. But in diuerſe Caſtels hee placed ſuch Captaynes as he thought moſt meeteſt, to keepe them to hys vſe, till he had ended the controuerſie, and placed him in the kingdome, to whome of ryght it belonged.

He alſo willed the Lordes of Scotland to elect a ſufficient perſonage to bee Chancellour of the Realme, [...] Biſhop of [...]eſſe elec [...] chancellor [...]otlande. which they did, naming Alane Biſhop of Catneſſe, whom the king admitted, ioyning with him out of his Chapleynes named Walter Armundeſham, ſo that on the .xij. of Iune, vpon the greene ouer agaynſt the Caſtell of Norham, neare to the ryuer of Tweede, in the Pariſhe of Vpſetelington, before Iohn Ballioll, Robert Brute, the Biſhops of Saint Andrewes, and Glaſgo, the Lordes Cumyn and Steward, wardens of Scotlande.He receyueth his ſeale. The Biſhop of Cathneſſe receyued his Seale, appoynted him by the king of England, as ſupreme Lorde of Scotlande, and there both the ſaid Biſhop,He is ſworne. & Walter Amonde [...]ham were ſworne truly to gouerne themſelues in the office.

The morow after were the Wardens ſworne and with them as aſſociated Brian Fitz Alam,The wardens ſworne. and there all the Earles and Lordes of Scotland that were preſent ſware fea[...]tie vnto king Edwarde, as to theyr ſupreme ſoueraine Lorde, and withall, there was peace proclamed, and publike Edictes ſet forth in the name of the ſame King, intituled ſupreme Lorde of the realme of Scotlande. The reſidue of the Scottiſhe Nobilitie, Earles, [...] Scottiſh [...]ilitie doth [...]e to king [...]arde. Barons, Knightes, and other, with the Biſhops and Abbottes, vpon his comming into Scotland, ſware fealtie eyther to himſelfe in perſon, or to ſuch as he appoynted his deputies to receyue the ſame, in ſundrie townes and places according to order giuen in that behalfe. Suche as refuſed to doe theyr fealtie, were attached by their bodies, till they ſhoulde doe their fealties, as they were bounden. Thoſe that came not, but excuſed themſelues vpon ſome reaſonable cauſe, were heard, and had day giuen vnto the next Parliament: but ſuch as neyther came, nor made any reaſonable excuſe, were appoynted to bee diſtrayned to come.

The Biſhop of Saint Androwes, and Iohn Lorde Comyn of Badenoth, with Brian Fitz Alain, were aſſigned to receyue ſuch fealties at Saint Iohns towne. The Biſhop of Glaſgo, Iames Lorde Stewarde of Scotlande, and Nicholas Segraue were appoynted to receyue them at Newcaſtell of Arc. The Earle of Southerland, and the Sherife of that Countrey with his Baylifes, and the Chatellain of Inuerneſſe were ordeyned to receyue thoſe fealties in that Countye, the Chattelain firſt to receyue it of the ſayde Earle, and then he with his ſayd aſſociates to receyue the ſame of others. The Lorde William de Saintclare, and William de Bomille, were appoynted to receyue fealtie of the Biſhoppe of Whitterne, and then the ſayd Biſhop with them to receyue the fealties of all the Inhabitantes of Galloway.

Amongſt other that did theyr homage to the king himſelfe, was Marie Queene of Man, and Counteſſe of Stratherne, vpon the .xxiij. day of Iuly, the king being then in Saint Iohns tow[...], otherwiſe called Perth.

To conclude, he was put in full poſſeſſion of the Realme of Scotlande, and receyued there homages and fealties (as before ye haue hearde) as the direct and ſupreme Lorde of that lande.

This done, and euery thing ordered as ſeemed moſt expedient, King Edwarde returned into the South parties of his realme to be at his mothers buriall,The kings mother deceaſed. that in this meane tyme was departed this lyfe. Hir hart was buried in the church of the gray Friers at London, and hir bodie at Ambreſburie in the houſe of the Nunnes.

After the funerals were ended, king Edwarde returned into the north parties againe: he ſtayed a while a Yorke, and during his abode there, Rees ap Meridoc, (of whom ye haue heard before) was by order of law condemned and executed.

An. reg. 20. 
1292 
Nic. Triuet.This yeare after Eaſter, as the Fleet lay before S. Mathewes in Britaine, there roſe certain diſcorde betwixt the Mariners Normans, and them of Bayon and ſo farre the quarel increaſed, that they fell to trie it by force, the Engliſh men aſſyſting them of Bayon, and the French kings ſubiects taking parte with the Normans, and now they fraught not theyr ſhips ſo much with Merchandiſe, as with armor and weapon At length the matter burſt out from ſparkes into open flambe, the ſequele whereof hereafter ſhall appeare, as we fynde it reported by wryters.

But nowe touching the Scottiſhe affayres. At lēgth the king comming into Scotland, gaue ſummonce to al thoſe that claymed the Crowne, to appeare before him at the feaſt of the Natiuitie of S. Iohn Baptiſt next enſuing, y^t they might declare more at large by what right they claimed the kingdome. Herevpon when the day of theyr appearance was come, and that king Edwarde was readie to heare the matter, hee choſe out the number of xl. perſons, the one halfe Engliſhmen, and the other Scottiſh men, which ſhoulde diſcuſſe with aduiſed deliberation and greate diligence the allegations of the competitors, deferring the finall ſentence vnto the feaſt of S. Michael next enſuing, the which feaſt being come, after due examination, full triall, & aſſured knowledge had of the right,Iohn Ballioll obteyneth the kingdome of Scotlande. the kingdome by al their aſſents was adiudged vnto Iohn Balliol, whiche deſcended of the eldeſt daughter of Dauid king of Scotland, Robert le Bruce, betwixt whom and the ſame Balliol at length (the other being excluded) the queſtiō and triall only reſted, was deſcended of the ſeconde daughter of king Dauid, though otherwiſe by one degree he was nearer to him in bloud.Nic. Triuet. Thus writeth Nicholas Triuet. Albeit other affirme, that after long diſputation in the matter,Polidor. by order of king Edward, there wer appoynted .lxxx. auncient and graue perſonages, amongſt the which were .xxx. Engliſh men, vnto whome (being ſworne and admoniſhed to haue God before their eyes) authoritie was giuen to name him that ſhould be king. Theſe .lxxx. perſons, after they had well conſidered vnto whome the right apperteyned, declared with one voyce, that Iohn Balliol was rightful king King Edward allowed their ſentence, and by his [...] tie confirmed, vnto the ſame Iohn, the poſſeſſion of the kingdome of Scotlande, with con[...] that if he did not gouern that Realme with [...] ſtice, then vpon complaint, the king of Englande might put vnto his hande of reformation, [...] was bounde to doe by hys ryght of ſuperior[...] that in him was inueſted.

Herevpon king Edwarde awarded forth [...] writ of deliuerie of ſeyſine at the fute of the ſande Ballioll,Out of my booke of cordes [...] St. [...] vnto William and Robert, Biſhops of Saint Androwes and Glaſgo to Iohn [...]de Cumyn, Iames Lorde Steward of Scotlande and to the Lorde Brian Fitz Alain, worden[...] of Scotlande, commaunding them to deliuer vnto the ſayde Iohn Balliol the ſeyſme and poſſeſſion of that realme, ſauing the [...] and debts [...] to him of the iſſu[...] & profites of the ſame realme, vnto the day of the date of the writ, whiche was the .xlx. day of Nouember, in the .xx. yeare of his raigne.

Alſo there was another writ made, and [...] ted to ſuch as had the keeping of the Caſtell[...] in their handes, in forme as followeth.

The ſame in Engliſh is thus.

In the ſame forme of wordes were writtes awarded forth, to all and euery other the keepers of Caſtels and Manors belonging to the crowne of Scotlande, and being at that time in king Edwards handes, the names of places and the perſons that had them in cuſtodie onely chaunged.

[...] Seale [...]ken.The ſame day alſo in the Caſtel of Berwike was the Seale broken which had bene appoynted to the gouernors during the time that the realme was vacant of a king. It was broken into foure partes, and put into a purſe to bee reſerued in the treaſurie of the king of Englande, in further and more full token of his ſuperioritie and direct ſupreme dominion ouer the Realme of Scotland. Which things were done in preſence of the ſayd Iohn Balliol then king of Scotland, Iohn Archbiſhop of Dublin. Iohn Biſhoppe of Wincheſter, Anthonie Biſhoppe of Dureſme, William Biſhop of Ely, Iohn Biſhop of Carleil, William Biſhop of Saint Andrewes, Robert Biſhop of Glaſgo, Marke Biſhop of Man, and Henrie Biſhop of Aberdene, with diuerſe other Biſhoppes, beſides Abbottes and Priors of both Realmes, Henrie Earle of Lyncolne, Humfrey Earle of Hereforde, Roger Erle of Norffolke, Iohn Erle of Buchquane, Douenalde Earle of Mar, Gylbert Earle of Angus, Patrike Earle of Marche, and Maliſius Earle of Stratherne, with the .xxiiij. Auditors of Englande, and the .lxxx. Auditors of Scotland, chaplaynes. Alſo Henrie de Newmarke Deane of Yorke, Iohn Lacie Chancellour of Chicheſter, William de Grenefielde Chanon of Yorke, and Iohn Ercurie Notarie, and many other.

Iohn Ballioll beeing thus created King of Scotlande, on the .xx. day of Nouember, in the Caſtell of Norham, did fealtie vnto king Edwarde for the kingdome of Scotlande in maner as followeth.

This heare you my Lorde Edward king of Englande,The forme of the fealtie of Iohn Ballioll. ſoueraigne Lorde of the Realme of Scotlande, that I Iohn de Ballioll K. of Scotlande, which I holde and clayme to hold of you, that I ſhall be faythfull and loyall, and owe faith and loyaltie to you, I ſhal beare of life and member, and of earthly honor, agaynſt all people, and lawfully I ſhal acknowledge and do the ſeruices which I owe to doe to you, for the Realme of Scotlande aforeſayde. So god me helpe and his holy Euangeliſts.

Hereof alſo hee made letters patents witneſſing that he had thus done fealtie vnto king Edwarde, which letters hee ſealed and deliuered in preſence of William biſhop of Saint Andrews, Robert biſhop of Glaſgo, Iohn Erle of Bouchquane, William Earle of Ros, Patrike Earle of Marche, Walter Earle of Men[...]eth, Iames lord Stewarde of Scotlande, Alexander de Ergay, Alexander de Ballioll Lorde of Caures, Patrike de Graham, and William de Saintclere. This done, king Edwarde appoynted Anthonie Biſhop of Dureſme, and the lord Iohn Saint Iohn to paſſe with the Ballioll into Scotlande, and there to put him into the corporall poſſeſſion of the ſame realme of Scotlande, whiche they did, An. reg. 21.
Iohn Ballioll crowned king of Scotland. and ſo hee was crowned at Scone vppon Saint Andrewes day, being placed in the Marble chaire within the Abbay Church there.

The ſolemnitie of which coronation beeing ended, he returned into Englande, and comming to Neweaſtell vpon Ti[...]e, where king Edward that yeare kept his Chriſtmaſſe, he there did homage vpon Saint Stephens day vnto the ſayde king Edwarde in fourme of wordes as followeth.

My Lorde,The forme of the king of Scots homage. Lorde Edwarde king of Englande, ſuperior Lorde of Scotlande, I Iohn de Balliol king of Scotlande, do acknowledge and recogniſe mee to be your liegeman of the whole Realme of Scotlande with all the appurtenances and whatſoeuer belongeth thereto, the which kingdome I hold and ought of right and cl[...]me to holde dy inheritance of you and your heires kings of Englande, and I ſhall beare fayth and loyaltie to you and to your heires kings of England, of life, of member, and earthly honor, againſt all men, which may liue and die. This homage in forme aforeſayde did king Edwarde receyue, his owne and others right ſaued.

Then did the king of Englande without delay,1293 reſtore vnto the ſayd Iohn Balliol the kingdome of Scotlande with all the appurtenances.

Richarde Bagley.This yere, as one Richard Bagley an officer of the Sherifes of London, led a priſoner towards the gayle, three perſons reſeued the ſayde priſoner, and tooke him from the officer, the which were purſued & taken, and by iudgement of lawe thē vſed,The offenders loſt their hāds. were brought into weſt Cheape, & there had their hands ſtriken off by the wreſtes.

A great ſnow and tempeſt of winde in May.The .xiiij. day of May fell a wonderfull ſnow, and therwith blew ſuch an exceeding winde, that great harme was done thereby in ſundrie places of Englande.

The Archbi. of Canterbury deceaſeth.The ſame yeare died Frier Iohn Pecham Archbiſhop of Canterbury, and then was Robert of Winchelſey elected Archbiſhop, the .xlviij. in number that had ruled that ſea.

About the middle of September following, the Erle of Bar a Frenchman,The kings daughter maried to the Erle of Bar. maried the ladie Elenore the kings daughter in y^e towne of Briſtow.

This yeare wheate was ſolde at London for two ſhillings a buſhel. This yeare alſo the warre was begonne betwene the kings of England and Fraunce.War betwixt England and Fraunce. For whereas king Edwarde had furniſhed forth ſixe ſhippes of warre, and ſent them vnto Burdeaux for defence of the coaſtes thereaboutes, two of them as they ſayled alongeſt the coaſt of Normandie,Two Engliſhe ſhips taken. and fearing no burt by enimies, were taken by the Norman fleet, and diuerſe of the Mariners hanged.

The Lorde Robert Tiptoſt that was Admirall of the Engliſh fleete, aduertiſed hereof, got togither a great number of ſhippes, and directed his courſe with them ſtreight towardes Normandie and finding no ſhips of the Normans abrode in the ſeas,The Lord admira[...]l of England ſetteth vpon the Norman ſhippes. vpon a deſire to be reuenged entred the mouth of the ryuer of Same, and ſet vpon the Norman ſhippes that lay there at anere, fiue many of the Mariners, and tooke ſixe ſhips away with him, and ſo returning to the Sea againe, caſt ancre not farre off from the land[...] prouoke the Frenchmen to come forth with[...] fleete to giue battail. And as he lay there at an[...] it chaunced that certaine Norman Shipp[...] fraught with Wine, came that wayes as they returned out of Gaſcoigne. The Lorde Tiptoſt ſetting vpon them, tooke them with little a doe, and ſleaing neare hand the thirde part of all the Mariners ſent the ſhips into England.

The Frenchmen to reuenge this act, prepare a nauie, and furniſhing the ſame with ſouldiers went forth to the Sea to encounter the Engliſh men: but ere they met, Meſſengers were ſent to and fro, the Engliſh men accuſing the Frenchmen of truce breaking, and the Frenchmen again requiring reſtitution of their goodes taken from them by violence. And now foraſmuch as thys buſineſſe had bin moued raſhly betwixt the Engliſh men and the Normans, without any commiſſion of their Princes, their mindes therefore were not ſo kindled in diſpleaſure, but that there had beene good hope of agreement betwixt them, if Charles Earle of Valoys the Frenche kings brother (being a man of a [...]ote nature,Charles [...] of Vi[...] cureth [...] betwixt [...] land [...] and deſirous of reuenge) had not procured hys brother to ſeeke auengemente: by force of armes. Wherevpon the French fleete made towardes the Engliſh men, who mynding not to detract the battel, ſharply encoūter their enimies in a certain place betwixt England & Normādy, where they had layde a great emptie ſhip at an ancre, to giue tokē where they ment to ioyne. There were with the Engliſh men both Iriſhmen & Hollanders, & with the Normans there were Frenchmen and Flemings, & certain veſſels of Genowayes. The fight at the firſt was doubtfull, & great ſlaughter made, as in the meeting of two ſuch mightie nauies muſt needes enſue.The Ea[...] men v[...] by ſea. In the end yet the victory fell to the Engliſhmen, & the French ſhips put to chaſe and ſc[...]tred abrode. The number of ſhips loſt is not recorded by ſuch wryters as make report of this conflict, but they write that the loſſe was great. King Philip being aduertiſed of this diſcomfiture of his fleet, was ſore diſpleaſed, and as though he would proceede agaynſt king Edward by order of law, he ſummoneth him as hys liegeman to appeare at Paris, [...]ng Edward [...]mored to [...]eate at [...]is. to anſwere what might be obiected agaynſt him, but withall bycauſe he knew that K. Edward would not come to make his appearance, he prepareth an army.

[...]rd earle [...]ancaſter [...] to the [...]ch king.In the meane time K. Edwarde ſendeth his brother Edmond Erle of Lancaſter to be his attorney, & to make anſwere for him before all ſuch Iudges as might haue hearing of the matter: but the Iudges meaning nothing leſſe thā to trie out the truth of the cauſe, admit no reaſons that the Erle could allege in his brothers behalf, & ſo pronounce K. Edward a rebel & decree by areſt, [...]ng Edward [...]emned in [...] French [...]gs Court. that he had forfeyted all his right vnto the Duchie of Guienne. Theſe things thus done, he ſendeth priuy meſſengers vnto Burdeaux, to procure the citizens to reuolt frō the Engliſhmen, [...]old de [...]le ſent in [...] Gaſcoigne [...] an army. & appointed the Coneſtable of France the L. Arnold de Neall to follow with an army, who cōming thither eaſily brought thē of Burdeaux vnder the French dominion, being alredy minded to reuolt through practiſe of thoſe that were lately before ſent vnto them from the French king for that purpoſe.

After this, the ſaid Coneſtable brought the people neare adioyning vnder ſubiection, partly moued by the example of the chiefe and head Citie of all the Countrey, and partly enduced thervnto by bribes and large giftes.

The Engliſh men that were in the Countrey, after they perceiued that the people did thus reuolt to the French king, withdrew incōtinently vnto the townes ſituate neare to the ſea ſide, but eſpecially they fled to a towne called the Rioll, which they fortifie with all ſpeed. Thus ſayth Polidor.

[...] Triuet.Nicholas Triuet writing hereof, declareth the beginning of this warre to be on this maner. The Engliſh Marchants being diuerſly vexed vpon the ſeas, made cōplaint to the K. for loſſe of their marchandice. [...]ie eare of [...]olne. The king ſent the Erle of Lincoln Henrie Lacie vnto the French king, inſtantly requiring, that by his aſſent there might ſome way be prouided with ſpeed by them and their counſel, for ſome competent remedie touching ſuch harmes and loſſes by ſea as his people had ſuſteined. In the meane time whileſt the Earle tarieth for anſwere, a nauie of the parties of Normandy cō teyning two .C. ſhips and aboue being aſſembled togither, that they might the more boldly aſſayle their enimies and the more valiantly reſiſt ſuche as ſhould encounter them ſailed into Gaſcoigne, determining to deſtroy all thoſe of their aduerſaries that ſhould come in their way. But as theſe Norman ſhips returned back with wines, glorying as it were that they had got y^e rule of the ſea onely, to themſelues, they were aſſayled by .lx. Engliſh ſhips, which toke them, and brought thē into Englād the Fryday before Whitſunday: all the men were eyther drowned or ſlaine, thoſe only excepted which made ſhift to eſcape by boates. The newes hereof being brought into France did not ſo much moue the K. & the counſel to wonder at the matter, as to take therof great indignation.

There were appointed Ambaſſadors to go into Englād, the which on the behalf of the French king, might demaunde of king Edward reſtitution of thoſe ſhips and goodes thus taken by hys ſubiects, and conueyed into his realme, without all delay, if he mynded to haue any fauour in the French Court touching his affayres that belonged to his Countrey of Gaſcoigne.

The king of England hearing this meſſage,The Biſhop of London ſent with an anſwer vnto the french king. tooke therein deliberation to anſwere, and then ſent the Biſhop of London, accompanied wyth other wiſe and diſcreete perſons into Fraunce, to declare for aunſwere vnto the French King and his Counſayle as followeth, that is: Where as the King of Englande, hath his regall Courte without ſubiection to any man, if there were therefore anye perſones that founde themſelues hurt or endomaged by hys people, they myght come to hys Court, and vppon declaration of theyr receyued iniuries, they ſhoulde haue ſpeedie iuſtice, and to the ende they might thus do without all daunger, whoſoeuer mynded to complayne, hee woulde giue vnto them a ſafeconducte to come and goe in ſafetye through hys lande: But if this way pleaſed not the Frenche King, then he was contented that there ſhoulde bee Arbitratours choſen on bothe ſydes, the whiche weighing the loſſes on bothe partyes, might prouide howe to ſatiſfie the complaynts: and the King of Englande woulde for hys parte enter into bondes by obligation to ſtande to and abyde theyr order and iudgement herein, ſo that the French king would likewiſe be bound for his part and if any ſuch doubt fortuned to ariſe, which could not be decyded by the ſayde arbitrators, let the ſame be reſerued vnto the kings themſelues to diſeaſſe and determine, and the king of Englande vpon a ſufficient ſafeconduct had, woulde come ouer to the Frenche King, if he woulde come downe vnto any ha[...]n towne neare to the Sea coaſt, that by mutuall aſſent an ende might be had in the buſineſſe: but if neither this waye ſhoulde pleaſe the Frenche king nor the other, then let the matter bee committed to the order of the Pope, to whom it apperteyned to nouriſh concorde among Chriſtian Princes, of bycauſe the Sea was as then voyde▪ let the whole Colledge of Cardinals or part of them take order therin, as ſhould be thought neceſſarie, that ſtrife and diſcord being taken away and remoued peace might again flouriſh betwixt them and their people, as before time it had done.

The French counſaile weyed nothing at all theſe offers, & would not ſo much as once vouchſafe to giue an anſwere vnto the Engliſh Ambaſſadors earneſtly requiring the ſame. Finally, the French king ſent vnto the Citie of Aniou which is knowne to belong vnto the Duchie of Guienne,The king of England cited to appeare where he there cauſed the king of England to be cited to make his appearance at Paris, at a certaine day, to anſwere to the iniuries and rebellions by him done in the Countrey of Gaſcoigne, at the which day when he appeared not, the French king fitting in the ſeate of iudgement in hys owne proper perſon,Sentence geuē againſt the king of Englande. gaue ſentence there agaynſt the king of Englande, for making default, and withall commaunded the high Coneſtable of Fraunce to ceaſe into his handes all the Duchie of Guienne, and eyther take or expulſe al the king of Englandes officers, ſouldiours, and deputies, which were by him placed within the ſayde Duchie.

The king a little before had ſent thither a valiant knight, named the Lord Iohn Saint Iohn, which had furniſhed all the Cities, townes, Caſtels, and places, with men, munition, and vyttayles, for defence of the ſame.

An. Reg. 22. In the meane time the king of Englande deſirous to be at quiet with the French men, appoynted his brother Edmunde Earle of Lancaſter, as then ſoiourning in France, to go vnto the Frenche kings counſaile to procure ſome agreement, which both might be allowed of the French king, and not bee diſhonourable vnto him: But when the Erle could not preuaile in his ſute, hee tooke his iourney towardes Englande, vtterlye diſpayring to procure any peace. But e[...]e be came to the ſea ſide,1294 he was ſent for backe againe by the two Queenes of Fraunce, Ioan wife to King Philip, and Marie his mother in lawe, whiche promiſed to frame ſome accorde betwene the [...] kings, & ſo therevpon after diuerſe com[...] ons by them had in the matter with the ſaid [...] of Lancaſter, at length it was accorded, that for the ſauing of the French kings honour which ſeemed to bee touched by things done by the king of Englandes miniſters in Gaſcoigne,The [...] th[...] [...] ſixe Caſtels ſhoulde remaine at the ſayde kings pleaſant, as Sanctes, Talemonde, Turnim, Pomorall, Penne, and Mount Flaunton. Alſo there ſhould be let a ſeruant or ſergeant in the Frenche kings name, in euerie Citie and Caſtell within all the whole Duchie of Guienne, except B[...]rde[...], Bayon, & the Rioll. And further hoſtages ſhould be deliuered at the French kings pleaſure, of all miniſters to be placed by the king of England in Gaſcoigne and other places throughe all the Countrey.

Theſe things done, the French king ſhoulde reuoke the ſummonance publiſhed and pronounced in the Court of Paris agaynſt the king of England. Alſo he ſhould reſtore all the Caſtels (his ſeruants being remoued which he had placed in the ſame) togither with the pledges incontinētly, at the requeſt of the ſame Queenes, or of either of them. The king of Englande hauing a ſafe conduct ſhould come to A[...]iens, that there meeting with the French king, peace and [...]ie might be confirmed betwixt them. Then [...]re there writings made and engroſſed touching the foreſayd Articles of agreement, one part deliuered to the erle, ſealed with the ſeales of the Queenes, and other remayned with the foreſayd Queenes ſealed with the ſeale of the Earle.

The k. of Englād certified hereof,L[...] [...]. ſent his letters patents, directed vnto all his officers & miniſters in Gaſcoigne, commaunding them to obey in all things the French kings pleaſure. Theſe letters patents were firſt ſent vnto the Erle of Lācaſter, that he might cauſe thē to be conueyd into Gaſcoigne when he ſhould ſee time. The Earle hauing receyued thoſe letters, doubting whether the French king would obſerue the agreement which the Queenes had made & concluded or not, he required of thē that he might heate the French K. ſpeake the worde, that he would ſtande vnto that which they had concluded. Whervpon in the preſence of the ſaid Erle & his wife Blanch Queene of Naua[...]re, mother to the French Queene, alſo of the duke of Burgoigne, Hugh Ve[...]on to the Erle of Oxford, & of a Chaplain cleped ſir Iohn Lacie, the French king promiſed in the fayth of a Prince, that he would fulfill the promiſes of the ſaid Queenes, and the couenants by them accorded. Shortly herevpon was ſent into Gaſcoigne a knight of the Erles of Lancaſter, called ſir Geffrey de Langley with letters from the French K. directed to the Coneſtable,Sir G[...] La[...] to call him back again from his appoynted enterpriſe. And the foreſayd Chaplaine ſir Iohn Lacy was ſent alſo thither with the letters patents of the king of England, directed vnto his officers there, in forme as is aboue mentioned, wherevpon the Lorde Iohn Saint Iohn the king of Englands lieutenant in Gaſcoigne, vnderſtanding the concluſions of the agreemēt, ſold all ſuch prouiſions as he had made and brought into the Cities, townes, and fortreſſes for the defence of the ſame, and departing out of Gaſcoigne, came towardes Paris to returne that way into England. But beholde what followed:The Frenche [...]ings minde [...]aunged. ſodainly by the enimie of peace was the French kings minde quite chaunged. And where the king of England was come vnto Canterburie, and kept there his Eaſter, that immediately vpon the receyt of the ſafeconduct he might tranſport ouer the ſeas, and ſo come to Amiens, according to the appointment made by the agreement, [...]s vnieſt [...]ing. now not only the ſafeconduct was denied, but alſo the firſt letters reuocatorie ſent vnto the Coneſtable to call him backe, by other letters ſent after were alſo made voyde, and he by the latter letters appoynted to keepe vpō his iourney, ſo that y^e Coneſtable entring into Gaſcoine with a power, found no reſiſtance, the Captains & officers ſubmitting themſelues with the townes & fortreſſes at his pleaſure, according to the tenor of the letters patents lately to them deliuered. All the officers and captains of the fortreſſes were brought to Paris as captiues and pledges.

Within a few dayes after, the Erle of Lancaſter required the Queenes, that they would 'cal vpon the king to grant his ſafeconduct for the K. of Englād, to reuoke the citatiō or ſummonāce, to reſtore the lands taken from him, and to delyuer the pledges: [...] French K. [...]unceth [...]t he had [...]e. but the French king by the mouthes of certain knights ſent vnto the Erle, renoū ced al ſuch couenants as before had bin cōcluded.

The Earle of Lancaſter then perceyuing that both he and his brother king Edward were mocked thus at the French kings hands, returned into Englande, and informeth the king and hys counſaile from poynt to poynt of all the matter. Herevpon a Parliament being called at Weſtminſter, at the which the king of Scotlande was preſent, it was decreed by the eſtates, that thoſe landes which were craftily taken ſo from the king ſhould be recouered againe by the ſworde. And the king herewith ſent vnto the French King a Frier Preacher named Hugh of Mancheſter, [...]h of Man [...]er a Frier [...]to the [...]ch king. and a Frier Minor called William de Gayneſbourgh, both being wiſe and diſcreete men, and Doctours of Diuinit[...], to declare vnto him, that ſithe he woulde not obſerue ſuche agreements as had beene concluded betwixt their anceſters, and further had broken ſuch couenantes as were now of late agreed vpon betwixt thē, by the trauaile of hys brother Edmonde Earle of Lancaſter,The king of England renounceth the French king. there was no cauſe why hee ought to accounte hym being King of Englande, and Duke of Guien as hys liegeman, neyther did he intende further to bee bounde vnto hym by reaſon of hys homage.

About the ſame time did the King of Englande ſende the Archebiſhop of Dubline,Ambaſſador[...] ſent into German[...]e. and the Biſhop of Duteſme into Germanie, aboute the concluding of a league with Adolph King of Romaines, to whom was giuen a great ſumme of mony (as was ſayd) vpon couenantes, that he ſhoulde ayde the king of Englande agaynſt the French king, with all his maine force, & that neyther of them ſhould conclude peace with the ſayd French king without conſent of the other.

About the Aſcention tide,Wolles ſtayed Fabian. king Edward ſtayed the woolles of this lande, aſwell belonging to ſpirituall men as temporall men, till the marchants had fined with him for the ſame,A ſubſidie rayſed of woolles ſo that there was a ſubſidie payed for all ſurpliers of wool that went out of the realme, and in ſemblable wife for felles and hydes.

He alſo ſent an army by ſea into Gaſcoigne,A army ſent in to Gaſcoigne. vnder the cōduct of his nephew Iohn of Britain that was Erle of Richmond, appoynting to him as counſailers, the Lord Iohn Saint Iohn, and the Lord Robert Tiptoſt, men of great wiſdom, and right expert in warlike enterpriſes.

He alſo cauſed thre ſeueral fleetes to be prepared,Nich: Triuet: and appoynted to them three ſundrie Admirals, for the better keeping of the ſeas. To them of Yerniouth and other of thoſe partyes,Three fleetes appoynted to the ſea. he aſſigned the Lorde Iohn Bote[...]ourt: to them of the cinque Portes, William de Leyborne: and to them of the weſt Countrey, and to the Iriſhe men, he appoynted a valiant knight of Irelande to their chieftaine.

This yeare in England was a great dearth & ſcarcitie of corne,A dearth.
Rich. South[...]. ſo that a quarter of wheate in many places was ſolde for .xxx. ſs. By reaſon wherof poore people died in many places for lack of ſuſtenance.

About Michaelmas,The Engliſh armie paſſeth into Gaſcoign. the Engliſh fleet toke the ſea at Porteſmouth, & after ſome contrary winds at laſt yet they arriued within the riuer of Garon, and ſo paſſing vp the ſame Riuer, Townes won. 
Nich. Triuet. Polidor. Abingdon. wanne diuerſe townes, as Burg, Blaynes Rions, and other.

The kings Coffers by reaſon of furniſhing forth of this army, and other continuall charges which he had ſuſteined, were now in maner emptie: for remedie whereof, Wil. Marche one of the kings Treaſurers purpoſed with other mens loſſes to ſupplie that wante. He knewe that in Abbeys & Churches was much many kept in ſtore, Mat. VVeſt. 
A ſhift for money. the which if he comaunded to be taken frō thence, he thought that he ſhould not com[...] any offence, but rather doe a good deede, that the money might come abrode to the vſe of the people, wherby the ſouldiers might be ſatiſfied for theyr wages. Such Captaines therefore, as he appoynted to worke the feat, placing their ſouldiers in euery quarter through the Realme,Abingdon. make ſearche at one ſelfe time, the fourth of Iuly at three of the clocke in the after noone, for all ſuche money as was hid and layde vp in all hallowed places, and taking the ſame away,The Treaſurer accuſee. brought it vnto the king, who diſſembling the matter, as he that ſtoode in neede,The king excuſeth himſelf excuſed the acte done by hys Treaſorer ſo well as he coulde to auoyde the enuie of the people, and not content herewith, hee called togyther ſhortly after, to witte on Sainte Mathewes day the Apoſtle, at London, all the Archbiſhoppes, Biſhoppes, Deanes, and Archedeacons,Abyngdon. not in theyr proper perſons, but by two Procuratours of euerie Dioces. Here when they were once aſſembled, the King declared vnto thē the warres which he was driuen to mainteyne agaynſt the Frenchmen,The ſpiritualtie called [...]o[...] counſaile. and the changes which hee was at for the ſame. Hee alſo ſhewed them, that the Earles, Barons and Knights of the Realme, did not onely ayde him with theyr goods, but put their perſons forward to ſerue him in defence of the lande whereof they were members euen to the ſhedding of theyr bloud, and oftentymes with loſſe of theyr lyues. Therefore (ſayeth he) you which may not put your perſons in perill by ſeruice in the warres, it ſtandeth with good reaſon you ſhoulde ayde vs wyth youre goodes.

The Cleargie hauing no ſpeciall head by reaſon that the Sea of Canterburie was voyde, wiſt not well how to gouerne themſelues. At length Oliuer Biſhop of Lincolne, required in all theyr names to haue three dayes reſpite to make anſwere to the matter, the which time expired, they offred to the king two diſmes to be payde within one yeare.Th[...] offer not lyked. The which when the King heard, hee tooke great diſdaine therewith, and breatned by ſome of his men of warre to put the Cleargie out of his protection, except they would graūt to him the half of their goodes. The Clergie [...] are herewith,The halfe part of ſpirituall liuings granted to the king R. Fabian. Polidor. and ſome of them alſo deſirous to wyn the kings fauour, graunted to his requeſt, and ſo the king at that time got the halfe parte of euerye ſpirituall mans liuing and benefice for one yeres extent to bee payde in portions wyt [...] three yeares next enſuing, beginning at .xx. Marke benefice,Abingdon. and ſo vpwardes. And the ſooner to induce them herevnto, hee promiſed the Biſhops to graunt ſomething that myght bee beneficiall to the Cleargie, if they woulde demaunde it.

The prelates require to haue the ſtatute of Mortmain repealed.The Biſhops taking counſaile togither, required of him that y^e ſtatute of Mortmain might be repealed, which they ſawe to be moſt preiudidiall to theyr order. But the King anſwered them, that without the whole conſent of a Parliament hee coulde not breake that ordinaunce, whiche by authoritie of Parliament had [...] once eſtabliſhed,The K. [...]eth th[...] and therfore he wiſhed that they woulde not requyre that thing which lay not in him to graunt, and ſo by that meanes he ſhyfted them of.

The ſpiritualtie was not onely charged with this ſubſidie, but they of the temporaltie were alſo burdened.Ni[...]. T[...] For the Citizens & Burgeſſes of good towns gaue to the king the ſixt part of their goods and the reſidue of the people gaue the tenth part.

Moreouer about the ſame time, the Welchmen eftſoones rebelled agaynſt the King,The W[...] men ar[...] and in dyuerſe parts made diuerſe rulers amongſt them. Thoſe of Northwales which inhabited aboute Snowdone hilles,Madoc. Ca[...] b[...] hauing to their Captaine [...]e Madock, of the line of their former Prince Li[...] line, burned the towne and caſtel of Carnar[...], ſleaing a great multitude of Engliſhmen, which doubting no ſuche matter, were come thi[...]er [...]o the Fayre. Thoſe of the Weſt part hauing choſen to theyr ruler one Malgon in the parties of Pembroke and Carmardyn ſhires,Malg[...]. did muche miſchiefe. And one Morgan hauing them of Southwales at hys commaundement,Morgan [...]neth the [...] of Glo[...] out of G[...] gan [...] expulſed and droue the Earle of Glouceſter out of his Countrey of Glamorgan, which Earle had before tyme diſherited the aunceſters of the [...] Morgan.

The king therfore to repreſſe the Welchmens attempts, called backe his brother Edmond Erle of Lancaſter, and the Earle of Lincolne, beyng [...]adie to haue ſayled ouer into Gaſcoigne,The E[...] L[...]nc[...] Lincolne[...] qui[...] Wel[...] the which Earles as they approched neare vnto the Caſtell of Denbigh vpon Saint Martyns day, the Welchmen with great force encountred thē, and giuing them battaile, droue them backe and diſcomfited their people.

Polidore iudgeth that this ouerthrow happened to the Engliſhmen, the rather for that the army was hyred with ſuche money as had beene wrongfully taken out of the Abbeys and other holy places, howbeit it is but his opinion onely.

The king kept his Chriſtmaſſe at Aberco[...] wey in Wales,An. reg[...] 125[...] and hearing that the now Archebiſhop of Canterburie, doctor Robert Wynchelſey being returned from Rome (where of Pope o[...] [...]e[...]e be had receyued his Pall) was cōming towards hind [...] one of his Chaplaines [...] Iohn [...]tewike with a power of ſouldiers to conduct him ſafely vnto his preſence. And [...] the Archebiſhoppe had done this dealtie to the King accordingly as of dutie and cuſtome hee was bound, he was licēced to returne with great honor ſhewed vnto him at the kings handes.

Vpon the day of the circumciſion of our Lord,Ba[...] [...]ded to [...] Engli[...] was the Citie of Bayon rendred vnto the Lorde Iohn Saint Iohn, the which the day before had beene taken by the mariners by force of aſſaulte. Many of the Citizens which were knowne to be thiefe enimies vnto the king of Englande were apprehended and ſent into Englande. The Caſtell was then beſieged, [...]e Caſtell of [...]e won. and after eight dayes taken. The Lorde of Aſpermont with diuerſe other that helde it, [...]o French [...]ys taken. were cōmitted to priſon. There were alſo taken two Galleys which the French King had cauſed to bee made, and appoynted to bee remaining there vppon defence of that Citie.

[...]t Iohn de [...]des.Shortly after, the towne of Saint Iohn de Sordes was deliuered vnto the Engliſhe men, who wan many other townes & fortreſſes, ſome by ſurrender of their owne accord, & ſome by force and violence. The Engliſhe army greatly encreaſed within a while, after the deceyte of the Frenchmen once appeared, [...]e Gaſ [...]nes ayde [...] Engliſhe [...]. for the Gaſcoigns returned vnto the Engliſh obedience, in ſuch wife that foure thouſand footmen and two .C. horſemen came to ayde the Engliſh captaines.

[...]e king en [...]th into [...]ales.In the meane time, the king of England paſſing ouer the riuer of Cōwey with part of his army to go further into Wales towardes Snowdone, loſt many cartes and other cariages which were taken by the Welchmen, being loden with the prouiſions of vittayles, ſo that hee with hys people indured great penurie, and was conſtrayned to drink water mixt with honie, and eat ſuch courſe breade, and ſalt fleſh as he could get, til the other part of the army came vnto him.

[...]hingdon.There was a ſmal quantitie of wine amongſt them, which they woulde haue reſerued onely for the king, but he refuſed, ſaying, that in time of neceſſitie all things ought to be common, and all men to be contented wyth lyke dye[...]. For as touching him (being the cauſe and procurer of theyr want,) he woulde not bee preferred vnto anye of them in his meates and drinkes.

The Welchemen compaſſed him aboute in hope to diſtreſſe him, for that the water was ſo ryſen that the reſidue of his armie coulde not get to hym. But ſhortly after when the water fell, they came ouer to hys ayde, and therewith the aduerſaryes fled.

The Earle of Warwike hearing that a great number of Welchmen was aſſembled togyther,The Earle of Warwike. Nic. Triuet. and lodged in a valley betwixt two wooddes, he choſe out a number of horſemen, with certayne Croſbowes and Archers, and comming vpon the Welchemen in the night, compaſſed them rounde about, the which pytching the endes of their Speares in the grounde, and turning the poyntes agaynſt theyr enimies, ſtoode at defence ſo to keepe off the horſmen. But the Earle hauing placed his battaile ſo, that euer betwixt two horſemen there ſtoode a Croſbowe, a great parte of the Welchmen which ſtoode at defence in maner aforeſayde with theyr Speares, were ouerthrowne and broken with the ſhotte of the quarels,The Welche men ouerthrowne by the Earle of Warwike. and then the Earle charged the reſidue with a troupe of horſemen, and bare them downe with ſuch ſlaughter, as they had not ſuſteyned the like loſſe of people (as was thought) at any one time before.

In the meane while, king Edwarde to reſtrayne the rebellious attempts of thoſe Welchmen, [...] woods in [...]les cut [...]n[...]. cauſed the wooddes of Wales to bee cutte downe, wherein before tyme the Welchmen were accuſtomed to hyde themſelues in time of daunger. He alſo repaired the Caſtels and holdes in that Countrey, and buylded ſome new, as the Citie and Caſtell of Bewmariſe with other,Beanmares buylt. ſo that the Welchmen conſtrained through hūger & famine, were enforced within a while to come to the kings peace. Alſo at length aboute the feaſt of Saint Laurence, the Welcheman Madocke, that tooke himſelfe for Prince of Wales was taken priſoner,Madock taken priſoner.
Abingdon. and being brought to London was committed to perpetuall priſon. By ſome wryters it ſhoulde appeare, that Madocke was not taken, but rather after many aduentures and ſundrie conflictes, when the Welch men were brought to an iſſue of greate extremitie, the ſayde Madocke came in and ſubmitted himſelfe to the kings peace, and was receyued, vpon condition that he ſhoulde perſue Morgan till hee had taken him and brought him to the kings priſon, which was done, and ſo all things in thoſe parties were ſet in reſt and peace, and many hoſtages of the chiefeſt amongeſt the Welch nobilitie were deliuered to the king,Welchmen impriſoned. who ſent them to diuerſe caſtels in Englād where they were ſafely kept almoſt to the end of the warres that folowed with Scotlād.

Polidor.About the ſame time Charles de Valoys brother to the French king being ſent with an army into Gaſcoigne, and comming vpon the ſodaine, found the Engliſh men wandring abrode in the Countrey out of order, by reaſon whereof taking them at that aduantage, he cauſed them to leaue theyr booties behinde them,Charles de V[...] loys chaſeth the Engliſh men. fiue part of them, and chaſed the reſidue, the which fled to theyr ſhippes, or to ſuch hauen townes as were in their poſſeſſion. The Captaines of y^e Engliſhmen, as Iohn de Britaine Earle of Richmond,The Earle of Richmond. and the Lorde Iohn Saint Iohn, after they had gotte togither their ſouldiers whiche had bene thus chaſed, ſent two bandes vnto Ponteſey to defend that towne agaynſt the enimies: alſo other two handes vnto Saint Seuere: and they themſelues went to Rion to fortifie that place. Charles de Valoys aduertiſed hereof, thought he would not giue thē long reſpyte to make themſelues ſtrong by gathering any newe power, and therefore appoynted the Coneſtable Sir Raufe de Neale (who hadde woonne the Citie of Burdeaux from the Engliſh men lately before) to goe vnto Po[...] ſey and beſiege that towne, whileſt hee w[...] vnto Ryon, [...] which he beſieged and fiercely aſſaulted. But the Engliſh men and Gaſcoignes due not onely defende the Towne ſtoutely, but alſo make an iſſue forth vppon their enimies, though (as it happened) the ſmaller number was not able to ſuſtaine the force of the greater multitude, and ſo were the Engliſh men beaten backe into the towne agayne.

Whileſt they trie their manhood thus at Rion,Ponteſey the Coneſtable winneth Ponteſey or Pontſ[...] vpon Dordone, and commeth to ioyne with the Earles de Valoys at Rion, and ſo enforce both their powers to winne that towne. The Engliſh men and Gaſcoignes, though they were put in ſome feare, yet they ſhew their approued valiancie in defending the towne, tyll at length whē they ſaw they could defend it no longer, and were in no hope of ſuccor from any part, they fled out about midnight, and made toward their ſhippes; but diuerſe of them were takē by the way: for the Frenche men hauing knowledge of their intent, forlay the paſſages, and taking ſome of them that firſt ſought to eſcape thus by flight, ſlue them, but there was not many of thoſe, for all the reſidue when they perceyued that the French men had layde betwixt them and their ſhips, making virtue of neceſſitie, ſtood ſtil in defence of the towne, till the Frenchmen entred it by force of aſſaulte the Fryday in Eaſter weeke. Nic. T[...] 
R[...] [...] 

Abingdon.Some write, that the ſame night in whiche they ſo ment to flee to theyr ſhippes, there chaunced a great tumult and muteny betwixt the footmen and horſemen, ſo that they fought togither, or elſe might the whole number of them haue eſcaped. The horſemen that got forth left their horſes behind them readie brideled and ſadled, which the Frenchmen vpon entring the towne in the morning tooke, after they had ſlain the moſt part of the footemen. The Frenchmen hauing got a bloudie victorie, ſaued onely the Captaines and Gentlemen, and ſlue the other, aſwell Engliſhe men as Gaſcoignes. There was takē of knights,Eng[...] [...]ake[...] Sir Raufe Tanny, ſir Amis de Saint Amand, with his brother ſir Raufe de Gorges Marſhall of the armye, Sir Roger Leyborne, Sir Iohn Kreting, ſir Iames, Kreting, ſir Henrie Boding, ſir Iohn Mandeuile, ſir Iohn Fuleborne, ſir Robert Goodfielde, [...]bingdon. ſir Thomas Turb[...]ruile, and ſir Walter, with .xxxiij. Eſoniers, whiche were ſent all vnto Paris.Adam Kre [...] killed. Sir Adam Kreting was killed, [...] Walter [...]de. a right valiant knight by treaſon of one ſir Walter Gyfford a knight alſo which had dwelled in Fraunce manye yeares before as an outlaw

[...] Senere [...].
[...]h: Triuet: [...]gh Veere. [...]les de [...]oys.The ſame day was the tongue of Saint Seuere deliuered vnto the Engliſhmen, the whiche Hugh (or as Abingdon hath) Robert Veer, brother to the Earle of Oxforde tooke vpon him to keepe as Captaine there with two hundred men of armes. Charles de Valoys aduertiſed thereof, departed from Rion with all ſpeede to beſiege the foreſayde towne of Saint Seuere, [...] Seuere [...]ged. ere the Engliſh men ſhould haue time to fortifie it. But the foreſayde Hugh Veer kept him out the ſpace of xiij. (or as Abingdon hath .ix.) Weekes, to the great loſſe of the Frenche men, no ſmall parte of theyr people dying in the meane tyme, both of peſtilence and famine. At length when vittailes beganne to fayle within, a truce was taken for xv. dayes, within the which it might bee lawfull for them within the towne to ſende vnto Bayoune for ſuccor, which if it came not within that tearme, the towne ſhoulde bee yeelded vnto the French men, [...]t Seuere [...]lded by [...]poſition. and ſo it was vpon theſe conditions, that the Engliſhmen and other that would depart, ſhoulde haue libertie to take with them their armor and goodes, and be ſafely conueyed two dayes iorney on their way from the French army. Alſo that thoſe which were minded to remaine ſtill in the towne, ſhould not ſuſteyne any loſſe or domage in theyr bodies or goodes.

The pledges alſo which aforetime were taken out of that towne by the Frenche kings Seneſchall, ſhould returne in ſafetie to the towne, and haue their goodes reſtored vnto them.

[...]les de [...]ys retur [...] into [...]ce.This done, Charles de Valoys appoynted a garriſon of ſouldiers to remaine there for the keeping of the towne, and then returned backe into Fraunce. The Engliſhmen which eſcaped out of thoſe places from the French mens handes, [...]dor. repayred vnto Bayonne to defend that towne with theyr Captaynes the foreſayde Earle of Richmont, and the Lorde Iohn de Saint Iohn; the which of ſome are vntruely ſayde to haue beene ſlaine at Rion.

Then ſhortly after that Charles de Valoys was departed out of the Countrey, the Towne of Saint Seuere was againe recouered by the Engliſh men.

[...] Earle of [...]ord then [...]ng hight [...]ert V[...]er, [...]nce Hugh [...].It ſhoulde appeare by report of ſome writers, that Hugh Veer whome they wrongly name to be Earle of Oxforde, was ſent ouer as then from king Edward to the ayde of his captains in Gaſcoigne, and at his firſt comming, recouered the towne of Saint Seuere, and afterwards ſo valiantly defended it againſt the French men, ſo that honourable mention is made of him, both by Ni. Tri. and alſo by ſome Frēch writers,Niche[...] Tr[...] for his high manhood therein ſhewed. But whether he were brother or ſonne to the Earle of Oxforde, I can not ſay howbeit about the .xxvij. yere of this king Edwardes raigne, we find one Hugh Veer, that was a Baron, which I take to be this man, but Earle I thinke hee was not. For (as Euerſde[...] hath) one Robert Veer that was Earle of Oxforde deceaſſed in the yeare next enſuing, and after him ſucceeded an other Earle that bare the ſame name (as by records it may appeare.)

Polidore ſpeaking of the ſiege of Saint Seuere,Polidore. rehearſeth not who was Captaine as then of the towne, but in the yeelding of it vnto Charles de Valoys, after he had layne more than three moneths before it, he agreeth with other writers.

The ſame yeare Berarde Biſhoppe of Al[...]a and Simon Archbiſhop of Bourges two Cardinalles of the Romaine Sea were ſent vnto the kings of Englande and Fraunce to moue them to conclude a peace. Polidor▪ 
Cardinals ſent to the kings of Englande, and France to treat a peace.
Mat. VVeſt. They fyrſte came into Fraunce, and after into Englande, but perceyuing the myndes of the kings nothing inclyned to concorde, they returned to Rome without any concluſion of theyr purpoſe, but not without money gathered of Religious men to beare oute theyr expences,The Cardinals gather money. for they had authoritie by the Popes graunt to receyue in name of procuraties and expences, ſixe Markes of euery Cathedrall and collegiate Church through the Realme, beſydes diuers other rewardes. And where anye poore Chapiter of Nu[...]es or religious perſons were not able of themſelues, the Pariſhe Churches next adioyning were appoynted to bee contributories with them.

The ſame tyme ſir Thomas Turberuile a knight, Polid[...]r. Nich. Triuet. Mat. VVeſt. 
Sir Thomas Turberuiles promiſe to the French king. and one of thoſe (as before ye haue heard) which were taken at Rion, to ſaue his life and to deliuer himſelfe out of captiuitie, though he was neuer proued falſe before, promiſed King Philippe that if he woulde ſuffer him to returne into Englande, bee woulde ſo worke with King Edwarde, that he might be made by him Admirall of the Seas, which thing brought to paſſe, be would deliuer the Engliſh Nauie into the hands of the ſayde King Philippe. Herevpon was he ſet at libertie, and ouer hee commeth into Englande. And for as muche as he was knowne to bee a manne of ſyngular and approoued valyauncye, King Edwarde receyued hym verye courteouſly, who remembring hys promyſed practiſe to the Frenche King, fell in hande by procuring friendes to bee made Admirall of the Seas. But King Edwarde (as God woulde haue it) denied that ſute.

The French king ſendeth forth a fleet againſt englād.
Abingdon. The French king in the meane time hauing prepared his nauie, coteining three hundred ſaile, what with the Gaſleys and other Ships for hee had got diuerſe doth fro Merſelles & Genoa) ſent the ſame forth to the ſeas, that vpon ſuch occaſion the king of Englande might alſo ſende forth his Fleete. But the Frenche name comming neare to the coaſt of Englande, and lying at Ancre certaine dayes looking for ſir Thomas Turberuile, when hee came not at the day prefixed, the Captaynes of the Frenche fleete appoynted one of theyr Veſſelles to approche neare to the ſhore, and to ſette a lande certaine perſons that knewe the Countrey, to vnderſtande and learne the cauſe of ſuche ſtay. They beeing taken of the Engliſhe men and examined, coulde make no direct anſwere in theyr owne excuſe, and ſo were put to death.

Abingdon.Some write that they ſent fiue Galleys towards the ſhore to ſuruey the coaſt, of the which Galleys one of them aduauncing forth afore hir fellowes, arriued at Hide neare to Rumney hauen, where the Engliſh men eſpying hir, to draw the French men a lande, feigned to flie backe into the Countrey, but returning ſodainly vppon the enimies,French men ſlaine. A Gally burnt. they ſlue the whole number of them, being about two hundred and fifty perſons. They ſet fire on the Galley alſo and burned hir.

The Admirall of the French fleete kindled in anger herewith, ſayled ſtreight vnto Douer, and there landing with his people,Douer robbed by the French. robbed the towne and Priorie. The towneſmen being ſtriken with feare of the ſodaine landing of their enimies, fled into the Countrey, and rayſed people on [...] ſide, the which being aſſembled togither in [...] numbers, towards euening came to Douer, [...] inuading ſuch French mē as were ſtrayed abro[...] to ſeeke prayes, ſlue thē downe in ſu[...] [...] places. The French Admiral which had bene [...] at the day in p[...]ring the towne,The [...] hearing the noyſe of thoſe Frenchmen that came running towardes the ſea ſide, ſtreight ways getteth him to his ſhip[...] with ſuch pillage as he could take with him. The other French men whiche were g[...]e abrode into the Countrey to fetche prayes, and coulde the come to theyr ſhippes in tyme, were ſtatue euery mothers ſonne. Some of them hid themſelues in the corne fieldes, and were after ſlaine of the Country people.French[...] [...] Douer. There was little leſſe than .viij. hundred of them thus ſlaine by one meane and other at that time. There were not manye of the men of Douer ſlain, for they eſcaped by [...]ight at the firſt entrie made by the Frenchmen: But of women and children there dyed a great number, for the enimyes ſpared none. There was alſo an olde Monke ſlaine named Thomas a man of ſuche vertue (as the opinion went) [...] after his deceaſſe, many myracles through [...] were ſhewed.

Sir Thomas Turberuile being troubled in his minde that he could not bring his trayterous purpoſe to paſſe, beganne to aſſay another way, which was to procure Iohn Ballioll King of Scotlande to ioyne in league with the Frenche K. but ere any of his practiſes coulde be brought aboute, his treaſon was reuealed,Sir [...] and he co[...]ſt thereof was put to execution.

Nic. Triuet.Nich. Tri. ſaith, y^t he had promiſed the French king to cauſe Wales to reuolt frō K. Edwarde, and that by procurement of the Prouoſt of Paris, he conſented to worke ſuch treaſon. And as ſome write,Caxton. hee did not onely homage vnto the Frēch K. but alſo left two of his ſonnes in pledge for aſſurance to worke that which he had promiſed. His ſecretarie that wrote the letters vnto the French K. cōteining his imagined treaſons,Abing[...] with other aduertiſements touching king Edwardes purpoſes, fearing leaſt the matter by ſome other meanes might come to light, as well to his deſtruction as his maiſters for concealing it, diſcloſed the whole to the king. He hauing knowledge that he was bewrayed by his ſeruant, fled out of the Court, but ſuch diligence was vſed in the purſute of him, that he was taken within two dayes after, and brought backe agayne to London, where he was conuicted of the treaſon ſo by [...]y[...] imagined, and therfore finally put to death.

This yeare the Cleargie gaue to the king the tenth part of their goodes, the Citizens a ſixt part, and the commons a twelfth part, or rather [...]s Euerſden hath the Burgeſſes of good tow[...]s gaue the ſeuēth, and the commons abrode the .xj. peny.

[...]e death of [...]ble men.The ſame yeare died Gilbert de Clary Earle of Glouceſter, which left iſſue behinde him, be got of his wife the Counteſſe Ioan the kings daughter (beſide three daughters) one yong ſonne named alſo Gylbert to ſucceede him as his he y[...]e.

The Counteſſe his wife, after hir huſbandes deceaſe maried a knight of mean[...] eſtate, borne in the Byſhoprike of D[...]reſme, [...] Raule [...]uthermer [...]dded the [...]teſſe of [...]uceſter. named Sir Ra[...]e Monthermer, that that [...] Earle [...]ee fyrſt huſbande in hys lyfe tyme. The king at the firſt tooke diſpleaſure herewith, but at length thorow the high valiantie of the knight, diuerſe tymes ſhewed and apparantly approued, the matter, was ſo well taken, that he was entituled, Erle of Gloceſter, and aduanced to great honor.

[...] Iohn Romain Archbiſhop of Yorke alſo this, yeare died after whom one Henry de Newinarke d[...]aue of the Colledge there ſucceded.

Moreouer the ſame yeare William de Valence Earle of Pembroke departed this life, and lyeth buryed at Weſtmynſter, and then Aimer his ſonne ſucceeded him.

[...]e king of [...] conclu [...] a league [...]h the Frēch [...] Iohn king of Scotlande [...]anceth his ſonne Edwarde Ballioll with the daughter of Charles on Val[...]ys brother to the French king, and conchideth with the ſayde Frenche king a league againſt the king of England. Nothing moued the Scottiſhe king ſo much hereto, as the affection which he bare towards his natiue Countrey, for he was a French man borne, & lord of Harecourt in Normandie, which ſ[...]gnorie was after made an Earledome by Philip du Valoys King of Fraunce.

[...]at. VVeſt.The Scottiſhmen had choſen .xij. Peeres, that is to ſay foure Biſhops, foure Earles, and foure Barons, by whoſe aduiſe and counſayle the King ſhoulde gouerne the Realme, by whom he was induced alſo to conſent vnto ſuch accorde wyth the French men, contrarie to his promiſed fayth giuen to king Edward when he did to him homage.

King Edwarde not fully vnderſtanding the concluſion of this league, requyring ayde of the Scottiſh king for the maintenance of his warres againſt France, and receyuing a doubtfull anſwere he began to ſuſpect the matter, and therevpon required to haue three Caſtels as Berwik Ed[...]irgh▪ and Ro[...]eſbourgh deliuered vnto him as gages till the ende of the warre,King Edwards requeſt made to the Scottes is denied.
Abyngdon. and if the Scottiſhmen continued faythfull vnto him, hee woulde then reſtore the ſame Caſtelles when the warres w[...] ended vnto th[...] again. This to dothe Scottiſh men vtterly denied, alledging that their Countrey was free of it ſelfe, and acquit of all [...]de or bondage, and that they were in no condition bounde vnto the L[...]n[...] of Scotland, and therefore they would receyue the Merchants of Fraunce [...] Flaunders,The diſloyall dealing of the Scottes. or of any other Countrey without exception, as they thought g[...]

There w[...]t ſh[...] [...]n of Barwicke [...] the ſame time, certain Engliſh [...] hō the [...]cottes [...] [...]ſſault, and wounded ſome of them, and ſome of them they ſiue, and chaſed the reſidue, the [...]ch returning into England made complayn [...]and ſhewed in what euill ma[...]er [...]ey had bee[...] of [...] with.

King Edward herevpon perceyuing the [...]urpoſes of the Scottes,N. Triuet. determined to make warre vpon them with all ſpecede, and to con[...]uer the whole Countrey, if they coulde, not cleare themſelues of ſuch euill dealing as of them was reported and thought to be be put in practiſe.

About the conuerſion of Saint Paule in Ianuarie,The of Lancaſter ſent into Gaſcoigne.
Abingdon. king Edwarde ſent ouer into Gaſcoigne his brother the Lorde Edmonde Earle of Lancaſter with the Earle of Lyncolne, and other, to the number of .xxvj. Baronittes, and ſeuen hundred men of armes, beſides a great multitude of other people▪ They arryued at Blay, aboute the mydſt of Lent, and ſtayed there tyll towards Eaſter.

In which meane ſeaſon, a great ſort of Gaſcoignes and other people reſorted vnto them, ſo that they were two thouſande men of armes.

Vpon [...]e[...] Thurſday, the Caſtell de Leſparre was deliuered vnto the Erle of Lancaſter,The Caſtell of Leſpar deliuered vnto him.
Nic. Triuet. and after that diuerſe other Caſtels. At his approching neare vnto Burdeaur, vpon the Thurſday in Eaſter Wicke, as he reſted to refreſh himſelfe and his armie in a little village called Kekel, an armye of Frenche menne, iſſuyng oute of Burbeaux, meant to come vppon the Engliſhe menne at vnwares: But they hauyng warning thereof, prepared themſelues to battayle ſo well as the ſhortneſſe of tyme woulde permit and ſo therevpon encountring with theyr enimies, and fighting a ſore battaile,The Frenchmen forced to retire. at length conſtrayned the French menne to returne vnto the Citie, and purſuyng them as they fledde, two Engliſhe Knightes beeing brethren to Sir Peter de Mallow and an other that was a Gaſcoigne, entred the Citie with two ſtanderde bearers belonging to the Erle of Richmond, and to the Lord Alane de la Zouch, whom the French men tooke, cloſing them within the gates. The other Engliſhmē being ſhut out,Polidor. firſt fel to y^e ſpoile of the ſuburbs, and then ſet fire vpon the ſ[...]e.

After this there were certain of the Citize[...] that ſecretly were at a poynt with the Earle of Lancaſter, to haue deliuered the Citie into his handes, but their practiſe being eſpied, they were taken and executed ere they coulde performe that which they had promiſed.

Then the Earle perceyuing he ſhould but loſe his labor to ſtay any longer there, vpon certaine weightie occaſions he returned vnto Bayonne,The Earle of Lancaſter departeth this life. where he ſhortly after fell ſicke and died. He left behind him three ſonnes, Thomas that ſucceded him in the Erledome of Lancaſter, Henry Lorde of Monmouth and Iohn whom he had begot of his wife Blanch, the which before had bene maried vnto Henrie Erle of Chāpaigne, and king of Nauarre, by whom ſhe had but one onely daughter, that was maried vnto the French king Philip le Beau.

After this the Engliſh army beſieged the City of Aques,Aques beſieged. but through want of vittayles he was conſtrayned to riſe from thence and breake vp the ſiege.The Earle of Arthoys ſeat with an army into Gaſcoin. The Earle of Arthoys being ſent of the French king with an army into Gaſcoigne, encountreth with the Engliſhmen, and chaſeth thē with the ſlaughter of a great number, & after recouereth diuerſe townes & fortreſſes in the coūtry.

Nic. Triu[...]. 
Burg beſiegedThoſe Engliſh men that kept the towne of Burg, being cōpaſſed about with a ſiege by monſeur de Sully, obteyned truce for a certaine ſpace, during the whiche they ſent vnto Blaynes for ſome reliefe of vittayles: and where other refuſed to bring vp a ſhip loden wyth vittayles, whiche was there prepared,The Lord Simon de Montagew his enterpriſe to reſcue the garniſon of Burg. the Lorde Simon de Montagew, a right valiant chiefetaine, and a wyſe, tooke vppon hi[...] the enterpriſe, and through the middle of the French Galleyes whiche were placed in the ryuer to ſtoppe that no ſhippe ſhoulde paſſe towardes that towne, by helpe of a proſperous winde, he got into the hauen of Burg, and ſo relieued them within of theyr wante of [...]yttayles, by meanes whereof,The ſ[...]reyſed. Mounſeur de Sallye brake vppe his ſiege, and returned into Fraunce.

In the meane time,The [...] leag[...] [...] Fl[...] king Edwarde not [...] ping his buſineſſe, procured Guy Earle of Flanders to ioyne with him in league agaynſte the French men. This Guy was the ſonne of Margaret Counteſſe of Flaunders, whom ſhe had by hir ſeconde huſband William Lord of Damner in Burgoygne. Alſo king Edwarde proc[...]ed Henrie Earle of Bar,He co[...] a leag[...] w[...] o[...]. to whome (as before yet haue hearde) he had giuen his daughter Ele[...] in mariage, to make warre vpon the Frenchmen, ſo that at one tyme the Earle of Bar inuaded the Countrey of Champaigne,The [...] B[...] [...] Cham[...] and the Earle of Flaunders made incurſions vpon thoſe Countreyes of Fraunce which ioyne vnto Flaunders.

King Philip hereof advertiſed, ſent forth one Walter de Creſſie with a great armie agaynſte the Earle of Bar, ſo that beſieging the chiefeſt Towne of Bar, he conſtrayned the ſayde Earle to leaue off his enterpriſe in Champaigne, and to returne home, for doubt to loſe more there than he ſhould winne abrode.

But now to touche more at large the cyrcumſtaunces of the occaſion that moued the Earle of Flaunders to make warre agaynſte the French king,A mari[...] conc[...] I find in Iacob Mayer that there was a maryage concluded betwixte the Lorde Edward the eldeſt ſonne of king Edwarde, and the Ladie Philip daughter to the foreſayde Guy Earle of Flaunders, which marriage was concluded by Henry Byſhop of Lincolne, and the Erle Warren, being ſent ouer as Ambaſſadors by Kyng Edwarde, vnto the ſayde Earle Guy for the ſame purpoſe.

The Earle of Flaunders [...]reſted.In the yeare following, the ſayde Earle of Flaunders togither with his wife, comming to viſite the Frenche Kyng at Corbeill, were arreſted, and ſent to Paris, there to remayne as priſoners, bycauſe that the Earle had fiaunced hys daughter to the French Kings aduerſarie, without his licencer neyther mighte they be deliuered, till by mediation of the Pope,The Pope in [...]rmedleth in [...]e matter. and ſuretie hadde vppon the promiſe of A[...]edey Earle of Sauoy, they were ſet at libertie, with theſe conditions, that they ſhould deliuer into the Frenche Kyngs handes their daughter, whiche was ſo fiaunced vnto Kyng Edwardes ſonne, and further couenaunted, not to conclude any league with the Kyng of England,The Earle of flaunders [...]ced to a [...]ee with the [...]ench kyng. but in all poyntes to obſerue a certaine peace which was concluded with Ferdinando Earle of Flaunders, in the yeare .1225. And if Earle Guy brake the ſame peace, then ſhould he be excommunicated, and all his countrey of Flaunders interdited by the Archbyſhop of Reims, and the Byſhoppe of Senlis, Iudges appoynted heerein by authoritie of the Pope.

The Earles daughter beeing ſente for, and brought vnto Paris, the Erle and his wife were releaſſed, [...]he Earle of flaunders [...]er[...]d, re [...] [...]ome and ſuffered to returne into Flaunders, and ſhortly after, the Earle made earneſt ſure to haue his daughter reſtored vnto hym agayne, in ſo muche, that hee procureth Pope Boniface to bee a meane for him vnto the French Kyng, but all would not ſerue, no, though as ſome ſay, the Pope accurſed the Frenche Kyng for reteyning hir, [...]e French [...]ng[...] aunſwer [...] the Pope. aunſwer being made, that matters perteining to worldly gouernemente, belonged not to the Pope to diſcuſſe. Finally, Earle Guy perceyuing he coulde not preuayle in that ſute, to haue hys daughter agayne, vpon high diſpleaſure concluded to ioyne in league with King Edward and his confederates. [...]new league [...]twixt the [...] of England, [...] [...]emperour [...]d others [...] the [...] king. Herevpon, at an aſſemblie or Councell kept at Gerardmount, there was a ſolemne league made an agreed betwixt Ado[...] the Emperoure of Almaine, Edwarde Kyng of England, Guy Earle of Flaunders, Iohn Duke of Brabante, Henry Earle of Bar, both ſonnes in lawe to Kyng Edwarde, and Albert Duke of Auſtrich, againſte Phillip King of Fraunce, and Iohn Earle of Henault his partaker. [...]at. VVeſt. The Merchauntes of Flaunders procured the Earle to conclude this league with Kyng Edward as ſome write the rather in reſpect of the great commodities whiche roſe to their countrey, by reaſon of the entercourſe of merchandiſe vſed betwixte Englande and Flaunders, and for that through ayde of the Engliſhmen, they mighte the better withſtande the malice, both of the Frenche, and all other their [...]mies. This league being proclaymed in England, there were ſente ouer into Flaunders, the treaſorer of the Exchequer, and diuers other noble men, to fetche hoſtages from thence, and to giue to the Erle fifteene thouſand pounde of ſiluer, towardes the fortifying of his Caſtels and holdes. King Phillip beeing heereof aduertiſed, by counſel of the peeres of his Realm, ſent two honorable perſonages, as the Captaine of Mounſtrell, and the Captayne of Belquerke, whiche ſhould attach the Earle of Flaunders by his body, and ſummon hym to yeelde himſelfe priſoner at Paris, within the ſpace of fifteene dayes next enſuing. This attachment made,The Earle of Flaunders defieth the French king. and ſommonance giuen, the Earle of Flaunders ſendeth his defiance vnto the Frenche King by the Abbots of Gemblois, and Seneſſes, vnto whome he gaue ſufficient letters procuratorie, to authoriſe them thereto, dated at Male in y^e yeare of grate .1[...]6. after y^e accompt of the Chronicles of Flaunders, which begin their yeare at Eaſter: and ſo this chanced in the fiue and twentith yere of King Edwards raigne, the Wedneſday nexte after the feaſt of the Epiphany.The Earle of Flaunders accurſed. Heerevppon was the Earle accurſed, and Flaunders interdited by the Archbiſhop of Reims, and the Biſhoppe of Senlis comming vnto Terwane for that purpoſe, about the fifteene day of Iune,His ſonne appealeth from the interdiction. in the yeare 1297. But the Lorde Robert the Earles ſonne appealed from that interdict vnto the Pope, and ſo the Flemings tooke themſelues free and out of daunger of the ſame. Earle Guy alſo obteyned of King Edwarde, that it mighte be lawfull for them of Bruges, to buy woolles, through Englande, Scotlande and Irelande, as freely as the Italians might, by their priuiledge and graunt. But to returne now to the doings of Kyng Edward, whiche in this meane time, hauing perfect knowledge of the league concluded betwixt the King of Fraunce and the King of Scotlande, prepared an army,Ambaſſadors ſent to the K. of Scottes. and firſte ſente Ambaſſadors into Scotland to giue ſummonance vnto Kyng Iohn, to appeare at Newcaſtell within certayne dayes, that he might there ſhew the cauſe why he had broken the league. And further, to declare vnto him, that he was deceyued, if he thought he might ſerue two maſters, contrary to the words of the Goſpell, for ſo much fauour as the purchaſed at the hands of the Frenche King, as muche diſpleaſure mighte he aſſure himſelfe to procure at the hands of the King of Englande, whome to obey, it ſhould be moſt for his aduantage. The Ambaſſadors that were ſente, did their meſſage throughly, but King Iohn was ſo farre off from aunſwering any thing that mighte found to the mayntenance of peace, that ſhortly after he ſente lettere of complaynte vnto King Edwarde, for wrongs whiche he alledged to haue ſuſteyned by his meanes & at his hands. Herevron, King Edward by aduice of his councell, determined to ſet forward with his army into Scotland. Nic. Triuet. The Lord Ros reuolteth to the K. of Scots In the meane time, Roberte Ros, Captayne of Warke Caſtell, reuolted to the Scottiſh Kyng, moued thervnto through the loue of a Scottiſh Gentlewoman, whome hee meante to marry, notwithſtanding, he had ſworne fealtie vnto King Edward.William de Ros continueth faithfull to the King of Englande. Wherevpon, his brother William de Ros giuing knowledge to Kyng Edwarde, required to haue ſome ayde, whereby hee myghte defende the Caſtell againſt the Scottiſhmen. King Edward ſent vnto him a thouſand Souldiers (Polidor ſayth an hundreth) the which as they lodged one night in a Town called Preſtfen,Engliſhmen diſtreſſed. they were ſlayne by the Scottiſhmenne of the garriſon of Rockeſborrough, that were ledde and guided by the ſayd Robert Ros: ſome of them although but few eſcaped away by flight. K. Edward aduertiſed hereof, haſted forth, & came to the ſaid Caſtell, glad in this, as is reported, that the Scottiſhmen had firſt begun the warre, meaning as it ſhoulde ſeeme by their procedings, to follow the ſame, for vpon good friday,Ri. South. diuers Scottiſhmen entring the bordures, brente ſundry villages, and ſpoyled the Abbey of Carham.Nic. Triuet. And furthermore, whileſt K. Edward kept his Eaſter at Warke, ſeuen Erles of Scotlād, as Bouchan, Menteth, Stratherne, Lennor, Ros, Atholl and Mar, with Iohn Comin the Maſter of Badenawe, hauing aſſembled an army togither of fiue hundred men of armes on Horſebacke, Abingdon. 
The Scottes [...]uade England. and ten M. footemen in Annandale, vpon Monday in Eſter weeke entred England, & putting all to fyre and ſworde, approched to Carleill, and layde ſeige therevnto on eache ſide,N. Tri[...] paſſing the water of Eden by a forde[...] Richardſton, and did ſo much, that they br[...] the ſuburbes and aſſaulted the gates, at why [...] enterpriſe, a gentleman of Galloway as he [...] tured ſomewhat neere to the gate, was [...] vp by an iron hooke, of thoſe that ſtoode aloft vpon the gates to defende the ſame, and there ſla[...], and thruſt through with ſpeares. In the meane time, a ſpie, y^t which had bin taken and committed to priſon, ſet fire on the houſe wherein he was encloſed, and ſo the flames catching hold vpon y^e other buildings, a greate parte of the Citie was thereby brent. The men yet and the women getting themſelues to the walles, droue their enimies backe, and ſo defended the Citie frō taking. Wherevppon, the Scottiſhe Lordes, perceyuing they could not preuaile,The S[...]reiſe they [...] ſiege [...] Carele[...]. left their ſiege on y^e thurſday in Eaſter weeke, and returned agayne into Scotland. The ſame thurſday. K. Edward with his army paſſed y^e r[...] of Tweede, & ſo ent[...] into Scotland, ſent to the burgeſſes of Berwike,Berwike ſu[...] offering them peace vpon certayne conditions, & ſtayed a whole day for an aunſwere, but whiche could haue none that liked him, nor that ſounded in any thing to peace, [...]he approched the Tower, and lodged in the Monaſterie of Caldeſtrey[...],Abing[...] His army conſiſted as ſome write of ſ[...]me thouſand mē of armes on Horſeback, and [...] M. [...] men, beſide fiue .C. men of armes on horſebacke, and a M. footemen of the Biſhopricke of [...] At the ſame time, there came 24. The [...] Engliſh ſhi[...] y^e marriners wherof, beholding where the Engliſh army was placed in battell aray vpon a playne, the Kyng making there certaine Knightes, th[...] thought his meaning was to haue giuen f[...]th with an aſſault, & ſo entring y^t hauē, & approching to y^e land,Four engliſhe ſhippes loſt. began to fight with y^t towneſmē, wher they loſt foure of their ſhips, & were cōſtreined to withdraw with y^e reſidue, with help of y^t falling water. Some haue written,Abing[...] that they loſt but three ſhippes, whiche were conſumed with [...] a[...]ed that the Mariners and Souldiers of one of thoſe ſhippes, after they had defended themſelues by great manhoode from the firſt houre of y^e day, till eleuen of the clocke, eſcaped away, ſome by the boate of that ſhippe, and ſome leaping into the water, were ſaued by the boates of other ſhips that made in to ſuccour them. The tumor of the Marriners attempt being bruted through the army, the Kyng paſſing forwarde towardes the Towne, gote ouer a ditche, whiche the Scottes hadde caſt to impeache his paſſage, and ſo comming to the Towne, [...]ke won [...] ſir Ri [...]d Corne [...] was bro [...] to the [...] of Corn [...].
[...]yngdon. wanne it, not loſing anye man of renowme, ſauing Sir Richarde Cornewall, the which was ſlayne by a quarrell whyche a Flemming ſhot out of a Croſſebowe, beyng in the red hall, which the Merchaunts of Flaunders helde in that Towne, and had fortified it in maner of a Tower, but when they would not yeeld, and coulde not eaſily otherwiſe bee wonne, the houſe towardes euening was ſet on fire, and ſo they being thirtie in number, were brenned to death within it.

The ſame nighte, the King lodged in the Caſtell, whiche was yeelded vnto him by them that kepte it, their liues and lymmes ſaued, and receyuing an othe, that they ſhould not from thēcefoorthe beare armour againſte the King of England, they were permitted to depart whether they thoughte good, theyr Captayne Sir William Dowglas excepted, whome the Kyng ſtill kepte with him, till the ende of the warres.

[...]ton.Some write, that there ſhoulde bee ſlayne of Scottiſhmen at the winning thus of Berwike, aboue the number of twentie thouſand men,Eight thouſande hath Abyngdon, but Richard Southweſt [...]h, there were ſlayne fifteene thouſand at the leaſt of one and other.
King Edward fortifieth Berwike.
A Scottiſhe Frier ſ[...]nt to king Edward. with ſmall loſſe of Engliſhmen, not paſt eyghte and twentie of all ſorts. Yet may reade more heereof alſo in the Scottiſh hiſtory.

Kyng Edwarde remayned at Berwike at fifteene dayes, and cauſed a ditche to be caſt aboute the Towne, of foureſcore foote in dreadth, and of the like deapth.

In the meane tyme, aboute the beginning of Aprill, the wardein and trader of the Frier Minors of Rockeſborrough called Adam Blont, came vnto him with letters from Kyng Iohn, of complaynt for the wrongs done and offered vnto him and his Realme, as well in claymyng an vniuſt ſuperioritie, and conſtreyning him to doe homage by vndue and wrongfull meanes, as alſo by inuading his townes, ſlaying and robbing his ſubiects, for the whiche cauſes,The Scottiſhe K. renounceth his homage and fealtie vnto the king of Englande. hee teſtified by the ſame letters, that hee ren[...]ced all ſuche homage and fealtie for him and his ſubiects, as hee, or any of them ought for any lands holden within England.

The Kyng hearing the letters red, receyued the reſignation of the homage, and commaunded his Chauncellour that the letter might be regiſtred in perpetuall memory of the thing.

The Earles of Scotlande before remembred,The Scottes inuade the Engliſh bordures. being aſſembled togither with their powers at the Caſtell of Iedworth, entred into Englande the eighth of Aprill, and with fire and ſword dyd much hurt in the Countreys as they paſſed.

In Reedeſdale they beſieged the Caſtell of Harbottell by the ſpace of two dayes, [...]otell. but when they could not preuayle, they remoued, and paſſing forth by the Eaſt part of the Riuer of Tine, through Cokeſdale, Reedeſdale and Northumberland vnto Exham, they did muche ſkath, by brenning and harrying the countreys.

[...]uthwel.At Hexham, they ſpoyled the Abbey Churche, and gote a great number of the Cleargie, as well Monkes, Prieſtes, as Scollers, and other whom they thruſt into the Scholehouſe there, and [...]loſing vp the dores, ſet fire on the Schole, and brened all them to aſhes that were within it. It is wonderfull to reade, what beaſtly crueltie the Scottes vſed in that roade whiche they made at that time in two ſeuerall parties, for the Earle of Boghan,The Earle of Boghan. with them of Galloway, entred by Cumberlande in like manner as the other dyd in Riddeſdale,The crueltie of the Scones brenning and murthering all that came in their way. For whereas all thoſe that were of able age, and luſty to get away, fledde, and eſcaped their handes, the aged impotente creatures, women in childebed, and yong childrē that could not ſhift for thēſelues, were vnmercifully ſlayne, and thruſt vpon ſpeares, and ſhaken vp in the ayre, where they yeelded vp their innocent ghoſts in moſt pitifull wiſe. Churches were drenned, women were forced, without reſpect to order, condition or qualitie, as well the maydes, widdowes and wiues, as Nunnes, that were reputed in thoſe dayes conſecrate to God, and after they hadde bin ſo abuſed, many of them were after alſo murthered, and cruelly diſpatched out of life.The Nunry of Lameley brent. At length, they came to the Nunry of Lamelay, and brenned all the buildings there, ſauing the Church, and then returned backe [...] Scotlande with all their pillage and bootles [...] Lane[...]coſt, an houſe of Monkes, which then [...] wiſe ſpoyled.

Patricke Earle of Dunbar came to the King of Englande, and ſubmitted hymſelfe, with all that hee had into his handes, but the Caſte[...] Dunbar vpon Saint Markes day,The C[...] D[...] [...] dred [...] Sco[...]. being alledged of the Scottes, was rendred vnto them, [...] treaſon of ſome that were within it of whome the Counteſſe, wife to the ſame Earle was the chiefeſt, for recouery whereof,Be[...] [...] Kyng Edwarde ſenſe Iohn Earle of Warren, Surrey and [...] ſex, and William Earle of Warwike, with a great power, the whiche laying ſiege to that Caſtell, a greate hoſt of Scottiſhmen came vppon them to the reſcue of them within,Nic. T[...] Mat. P[...] ſo that there was foughten a righte ſore and terrible battayle.A[...] A [...] [...]o[...]yle[...] D[...] At length, the victory abode with the Engliſhmenne, and the Scottiſhmen were put to [...]igh[...], the Engliſhmen following them in chaſe eyghte myle of that countrey, almoſt to the forreſt of Selkirke:The number ſlayne. the ſlaughter was great, ſo that as was eſteemed,Mat. VVeſt. Abingdon. there dyed of Scottiſhmen that day, to the number of tenne thouſand.

The morrowe after beeing ſaterday, whyche was the eight and twentith day of Aprill, at the Kinges comming thither, the Caſtell was ſurrendred vnto hym.

There were taken in the ſame Caſtell three Earles, Menteth, Caſſels, and Ros, ſixe Barōs, Iohn Comin the yonger, William Sanclere, Richard Siwarde the elder, Iohn Fitz Geffrey, Alexander de Murtaigne, Edmonde Comin of Kilbird, with thirtie Knightes, two Clearkes, Iohn de Someruile, and William de Sanclere, and three and thirtie Eſquires, the whiche were ſente vnto diuers Caſtels in England, to be kept as priſoners.

After the winning of Dunbar, the Kyng wente vnto the Caſtell of Rockeſburgh,Roke[...] yeelded. whiche incontinently was yeelded by the Lorde Stewarde of Scotland, the liues and members ſaued of all ſuche as were within it at the tyme of the ſurrender.

Then wente King Edwarde vnto Edenburgh, where he planted hys ſiege about the Caſtell, & reyſed engines, whiche caſt ſtones againſt and ouer the walles, ſore beating and bruſing the buyldings within. But as it chaunced, the Kyng writing letters to aduertiſe his councell at home of his proceedings, and concerning other buſineſſe,Rich. S[...] deliuered y^e packet vnto a Welchman named Lewyn, commaunding hym to goe with y^e ſame vnto Lown in al haſt poſſible, for he knewe him to be a right ſpeedy meſſenger and a truſtie alſo, as hee tooke it, but he hauing the letters thus deliuered to him, togither with money to beare his charges, got him to a tauerne, where riotouſly conſuming the money (whiche hee had ſo receyued) in play, and making good cheare, in the morning, he cauſed one of his companions to take a target, and beare it afore him in approching the Caſtell, for that he meant (as he coulorably pretended) not to depart, til he had wrought ſome diſpleaſure to thē within with his Croſſebowe whiche he tooke with him for that purpoſe: but comming vnto the Caſtell gates, he called to the warders on the walles to caſt downe to hym a corde, that they mighte plucke him vp to them therewith, for that he had ſomewhat to ſay vnto their Captayne, touching the ſecretes of the kyng of England. They fulfilling his deſire, when hee came in, and was brought afore the Captayne, ſitting then at breakefaſt, hee ſaide vnto hym: beholde ſir, heere ye may peruſe the Kyng of Englands ſecretes, and withall, raught to him a boxe, wherein the packet of the kings letters were encloſed, and appoint me ſayth he vnto ſome corner of the wall, & trie whether I can handle a Croſſebowe or not, to defend it againſte youre aduerſaries.

Heere when other woulde haue opened the boxe, and haue red the letters, the captaine would in no wiſe conſent thereto, but going into a turret, called to the Engliſhmen belowe, and willed them to ſignifie to the K. that one of his ſeruants being fled to him, ſought to bewray his ſecretes, wherevnto he would by no meanes agree, & therefore meant to reſtore both the traytor and y^e letters. Herevpon, the Lord Iohn Spencer, cōming to heare what the matter might meane, the Captaine cauſed Lewine to be let downe to hym, togither with the letters ſafe, and not touched by hym at all: whiche thing when the Kyng vnderſtood, he muche commended the honeſt reſpect of the Captaine, and where he had cauſed engynes to be reiſed to annoy thē within, as ye haue heard, he commaunded the ſame to ceaſſe, and withall, vpon their captaynes ſute, he granted them libertie to ſende vnto their K. Iohn Ballioll, [...]elchman [...]ed. to gyue him to vnderſtand in what ſort they ſtood. Touching the Welchman, he was drawen and hanged on a paire of high galowes, prepared for hym of purpoſe, as he had well deſerued. And whyleſt the meſſengers were on their way towards Forfair, where the Scottiſh K. then lay, K. Edward with a parte of his army went vnto Striueling, [...]ling [...]l left [...] where he found the Caſtel gates ſet open, and the keyes hanging on a naile, ſo that hee entred there without any reſiſtance, for they that hadde thys Caſtel in gard, were fledde out of it for feare before his comming. The meſſengers that were ſent from them within Edenburgh Caſtel, comming to their king, declared to him in what caſe they ſtoode that were beſieged. King Iohn, for that hee was not able to ſuccour them by anye manner of meanes at that preſente, ſente them worde, to take the beſt way they could for theyr owne ſafetie, with whiche aunſwere the meſſengers returning, the Caſtell was immediately deliuered vnto the Lorde Iohn Spencer,Edenburgh Caſtel deliuered to the K. of England. that was left in charge with the ſiege, at the Kings departure towards Striueling, with the like conditiōs as the Caſtell of Rockeſburgh had yeelded alittle before. And thus was that ſtrong Caſtell of Edenburgh ſurrendred by force of ſiege, to the kyng of Englands vſe the fiftenth daye, after hee hadde firſte layde his ſiege aboute it. A place of ſuche ſtrength by the height of the grounde whereon it ſtoode, that it was thought impregnable, and had not bin wonne by force at any time, ſith the firſte buylding thereof, before that preſente, ſo farre as any remembraunce eyther by writing or otherwiſe could be had thereof.

Heere at Edēburgh, or rather at Rockeſburgh as Abingdon hathe, a greate number of Wicelche footemen came to the Kyng, who ſente home the lyke number of Engliſhe footemen, of thoſe that ſeemed moſt wearie.

Moreouer, at Striueling, there came to the Kyng the Earle of Vlſter, with a greate number of Iriſharē. Thē paſſing ouer y^e riuer of Forth,Saint Iohns towne. the Kyng came vnto Saint Iohns Towne aboute Midſommer, and there tarried certayne dayes.

Whileſt theſe things were a doing, Iohn K. of Scotlande, perceyuing that he was not of power to reſiſt Kyng Edwarde,The King of Scottes ſueth for peace. ſente Ambaſſadors vnto him to ſue for peace: King Edwarde was content to heare them, and therevpon appointed, that King Iohn ſhould reſorte vnto the Caſtell of Brechin, there to commen with ſuche of hys councell as hee woulde ſende thither within fifteene dayes nexte enſuing,The Biſhop of Durham. to treate of an agreemente. King Edwarde ſente thither Anthony Byſhoppe of Durham, with full commiſſion to conclude all things in his name. And within the appoynted tyme, came Kyng Iohn, and dyuers of his nobles vnto him, the whiche after manye and ſundry treaties holden betwixt them and the ſayde Byſhoppe,The King of Scottes ſubmitteth hymſelfe vnto the K. of England. at length they ſubmitted themſelues and the Realme of Scotland, ſimply and purely, into the handes of the Kyng of England, for the which ſubmiſſion, to be firmely kept and obſerued, kyng Iohn deliuered hys ſonne in hoſtage, and made letters thereof, written in French, conteyning as followeth.

Bicauſe that we through euill counſell and oure owne ſimplicitie, haue greuouſly offended oure ſoueraigne Lorde, Edwarde by the grace of God Kyng of Englande, Lorde of Irelande, and Duke of Aquitayne, in many thynges, that is to ſaye, in that, whereas wee beeyng and abidyng vnder hys faithe and homage, haue bounde oure ſelues vnto the Kyng of Fraunce whyche then was hys enimie and yet is, procuring a marriage with the daughter of hys brother Charles au Valoys, and that wee myghte greeue our ſayde Lorde, and ayde the Kyng of Fraunce with all oure power by warre and other meanes, we haue at length by aduice of oure peruerſe counſell defied oure ſayde Lorde the Kyng of Englande, and haue putte oure ſelues out of hys allegiance and homage, and ſente oure people into Englande, to brenne houſes, to take ſpoyles, to committe murther, with many other domages, and alſo in fortifying the Kyngdome of Scotlande, whiche is of hys fee, puttyng and eſtabliſhing armed menne in Townes, Caſtels, and other places, to defende the lande agaynſte hym, to deforce hym of hys fee, for the whyche tranſgreſſions, oure ſayde ſoueraigne Lorde the Kyng, entring into the Realme of Scotlande with hys power, hathe conquered and taken the ſame, notwithſtandyng all that wee coulde doe agaynſte hym, as by right he maye doe, as a Lorde of hys fee, bycauſe that we did render vnto hym oure homage, and made the foreſayde Rebellion. Wee therefore as yet beeing in our full power and free will, doe render vnto hym the lande of Scotland, and all the people thereof with the homages. In witneſſe wherof, wee haue cauſed theſe letters patentes to made.

King Edward paſſeth foreward through Scotland.After thys, Kyng Edwarde wente forwarde to ſee the Mountayne countreys of Scotlande, the Byſhoppe of Durham euer keepyng a dayes iorney afore hym. At length, when hee hadde paſſed through Murrey lande, and was come to Elghin, perceyuing all thynges to bee in quiet, hee returned towardes Berwike, and commyng to the Abbey of Scone, he tooke from thence the Marble ſtone,King Edward bringeth the Marble ſtone out of Scotlande. wherevppon, the Kynges of Scotlande were accuſtomed to ſitte as in a chayre, at the tyme of their Coronation, whyche Kyng Edwarde cauſed nowe to be tranſferred to Weſtminſter, and there placed, to ſerue for a Chayre for the Prieſt to ſit in at the Aulter.

The Kyng comming to Berwike, called thither vnto a Parliament all the Nobles of Scotlande, and there receiued of them their homages,The [...] of Sco[...] fe[...] [...] ſelues [...] King. the whyche in perpetuall witneſſe of the thyng, made letters patents thereof, written in French, and ſealed with their ſeales, as the tenor him followeth.

Bycauſe that wee at the faithe and will of the moſt noble Prince, and our deareſt Lorde, Edwarde by the grace of God Kyng of England, Lorde of Irelande, and Duke of Aquitaine, doe vowe and promiſe for vs and our heires, vppon payne of body and goodes, and of all that wee may haue, that wee ſhall ſerue him well and truly againſt all men, whiche maye liue and die, at all tymes when we ſhall bee required or warned by our ſaid Lord the Kyng of Englande, or hys heires, and that wee ſhall not know of any hurte to bee done to them, but the ſame wee ſhall lette and impeach with all our power, and giue them warning thereof: and thoſe things to holde and keepe, wee binde vs our heires, and al our goodes, and further, receyue an oth thereof vpon the holy Euangeliſtes: and after all, wee and euery of vs haue done homage vnto oure ſoueraigne Lorde the King of Englande in wordes as followeth.

I become your liegeman of life, members,The ſ[...] their l[...] and earthly honor, againſt all men which maye lyue and die.

And the ſame oure ſoueraigne Lorde the King receyued this homage vnder thys forme of wordes.The [...] King [...] accep[...] We receyue it for the land of the whiche you bee nowe ſeaſed, the righte of vs or other ſaued, and excepte the landes whiche Iohn Ballioll ſometime Kyng of Scotland graunted vnto vs after that we did deliuer vnto him y^e kingdome of Scotlande, if happely hee hathe giuen to you any ſuche landes.

Moreouer, all wee, and euery of vs by hymſelfe haue done fealtie to oure ſaide ſoueraigne Lord the Kyng in theſe wordes: I as a faythfull and liege man, ſhall keepe faith and loyaltie vnto Edward Kyng of England, and to his heires, of life member and earthly honor, againſte all men whiche may liue and die, and ſhall neuer for anye perſon beare armour, nor ſhall be of councell nor in ayde with anye perſon againſte hym, or hys heyres in any caſe that maye chaunce, but ſhall faithfully acknowledge, and doe the ſeruice that belongeth to the tenementes the which I claime to holde of hym, as God me helpe and all hys Saintes. I witneſſe whereof, theſe letters pattentes are made and ſygned with our ſeales.

[...]ficers ap [...]ynted in [...]tlande by [...]ng Iohn.Then was Iohn Warren Earle of Surrey and Suſſex made by Kyng Edward warden of Scotlande. Hugh Creſſingham Threaforer, and William Ormeſdy high Iuſtice, whome the King commaunded, that hee ſhoulde call all thoſe before him whyche helde any landes of the Crowne, and to reteyne o[...] them in hys name theyr homages and fealties.

Iohn Ballioll the late Kyng of Scotlande was ſent to London,Iohn Ballioll ſent to London. and had a con[...]nt company of ſeruauntes appoynted to a[...]de hym, hauyng licence to goe anye whether abroade, to that hee kepte hym ſelfe w[...]h[...] the [...] of twentie miles neere to London.

Iohn C[...] of Badenaw, and Iohn Edmni of Lowan, and diuers othe[...] nobles of Scotlande were brought into Englande on the South ſide of Ticut, being warned vpō payne of death, not to returne into Scotlande, till the King [...]d made an ende of his warres with Fraunce.

After this, at his returne into Englande;A Parliament at Saint Edmondeſburie. king Edward held a Parliament of Saint Ed[...]ſburie, which began the morrow after the feaſt of all Saintes, [...]ubſedie [...]unted. in whiche, the Citizens and burgeſſes of good Townes graunted vnto him an eigth part of their goodes, and of the reſidue of the people a twelfth part.

The Cleargie, by reaſon of a cōſtitution ordeyned and conſtituted the ſame yeare by Pope Boniface, [...]e preten [...] excuſe of [...] Cleargie. prohibiting vpon payne of excommunication, that no [...]aſages nor other exactions ſhould beleiued or exalted of the Cleargie in any manner of wiſe by ſecular Princes, or to be paid to them of things that perteyned to the Church, vtterly refuſed to graunte any manner of ayde to the King, towardes the manie g[...]aunce of hys warres. Wherevppon, the Kyng, to the intent they ſhoulde haue tyme to ſtudy for a better aunſwer, deferred the matter to an other Parliamente to bee holden on the morrowe after the feaſt of Saint Hillarie.

This yeare after the feaſt of the Epiphany, An. reg. 25.
1297.
The Earle of Holland married Elizabeth the kings daughter. Elizabeth the Kings daughter was married vnto Iohn Earle of Holland, Humfrey de Bohun Earle of Hereford and Eſſex, was ſente to conuey them into Hollande, there to take poſſeſſion of the Earledome, as then diſcended vnto the ſaid Iohn, by the death, of his father lately before ſlayne by his owne [...]uſhe[...]s, by cauſe he woulde haue diſinherited this Iohn, and made a baſtarde ſonne whiche hee hadde to be his heire. The daye appoynted for the Parliamente to bee holden at London bring co[...]e and the Cleargie continuing in their de[...]an to graunt, anye ſubſedy the King exluded them out of his protection, for the redeeming whereof, many by themſelues, and many by mediators, did afterwardes giue vnto the King truth parte of all their goodes. The Archbiſhop of Caunterbury being found ſtiffe in the matter, the Kyng ſeaſed all his landes, and commaunded all ſuche debtes as were founde of his in the rolles of the Exchequer, to bee leuied with all ſpeede of his goodes and cattayle. Abingdon. 
The Archbyſhoppe his wordes. Some write, that when the Archbiſhop of Caunterburie in name of all the reſidue, hadde declared to them whome the Kyng had appoynted commiſſioners to receyue the aunſwere, that whereas they of the Cleargie hadde two ſoueraigne Lordes and gouernoures, the one in ſpirituall matters, and the other in temporall, they ought yet rather to obey theyr Spirituall gouernoure than their Temporall. Neuertheleſſe, to ſatiſfye the Kynges pleaſure, they woulde of theyr owne charges ſende to the Pope, that by hys licence and permiſſion, they myghte graunte the Kyng ſome aide, or elſe receyue ſome aunſwere from hym, what to doe therein: for ſayeth the Archbyſhoppe, wee beleeue, that the Kyng feareth the ſentence of excommunicatiō, and would be as glad to auoyde it as we.

When the Commiſſioners hearde this aunſwere, they required that they woulde appoynte ſome of theyr owne company to beare this meſſage vnto the Kyng, for they durſt not reporte it vnto hym: which being done as the Commiſſioners had required, the Kyng in his furie proceeded agaynſte them, in ſuche rigorous manner as yee haue hearde,The declaration of the Lord chiefe Iuſtice. in ſo muche, that the Lorde chiefe Iuſtice ſitting vppon the benche, ſpake openly theſe wordes. You ſirs that be attorneys of my Lords the Archbiſhoppes, Byſhops, Abbots, Priors, and all other the Cleargie, declare vnto youre maſters, and tell them, that from hencefoorthe there ſhall no Iuſtice be done vnto them in the Kyngs courte, for anye manner of thing, although neuer ſo heynous wrong be done vnto them: but iuſtice ſhall be hadde agaynſte them, to euery one that will complayne, and require to haue it.

The Clearkely handling of the matter by the Archbyſhop of Yorke his ſuffraganesThe elect Biſhoppe of Yorke, Henry de Newarke, with the Biſhops of Durham, Elie and Saliſburie, with certayne other, fearing the Kynges indignation thus kindled againſt them, ordeyned to lay downe in the Churches, a fifte parte as yee haue hearde, of all theyr goodes, towardes the defence of the Realme, and mayntenaunce of the Kynges warres in ſuche time of great neceſſitie, and ſo the King receyuing it, they were reſtored to the Kinges protection agayne.

The Friendes of the Byſhoppe of Lincolne founde meanes, that the Sherife of the Shire leuied and tooke the fifth parte of all his goodes, and reſtored to him agayne hys landes and poſſeſſions.

Alſo, all the Monaſteries within his dioceſſe, and within the whole prouince of Caunterbury, were ſeaſed into the Kings handes, and war[...] appoynted, whiche only miniſtred neceſſary [...] ding vnto the Monkes and other religious perſons, and conuerted the ouerplus vnto the kings vſe. Wherevpon, the Abbots and Priors were glad to followe the Courte, and ſuch to rede[...], not their ſinnes, but their goodes, with giuing of a fourth parte thereof. The Cleargie ſuffered many iniuries in that ſeaſon, for religious men were ſpoyled and robbed in the Kynges hygh way, and could not haue anye reſtitution nor remedie againſte them that thus euill intreated them, till they had redeemed the Kyngs protection. Perſons and Vicars,The [...] of C[...] and other of the Cleargie, when they rode ſoorthe any whether, were gladde to apparell themſelues in lay mens garmentes, ſo to paſſe through the Countrey in ſafetie.

The Archbyſhoppe of Caunterbury loſt all the goodes that hee hadde,The [...] ſhop of [...] ter[...] go[...] [...]cale. for hee woulde neyther agree to giue anye thing, nor to lay any thyng downe in the Churche, that the Kyng myghte receyue it. Wherevpon, he was brought to ſuch extreame miſerie, that all his ſeruauntes wente from hym, and commaundemente was giuen foorthe, that no man ſhoulde receyue him, neyther within Monaſterie nor without, and ſo not hauing anye one place of all hys Byſhopricke where to laye hys head, hee remayned [...] the houſe of a poore perſon, onely with one P[...]e[...]:The [...] the [...] [...]rbury. and one Clearke: yet he ſtiffely ſtoode in the matter, affirming certaynely, that all thoſe whyche graunted anye thing, eyther to the Kyng, or to any other temporall perſon withoute the Popes leaue, ranne withoute doubte into the daunger of the ſentence pronounced in the Canon.

Aboute the feaſt of Saint Mathewe in Februarie,A Par[...] at Sa[...] the Kyng called a Parliamente of hys nobles, (not admitting thereto any of the Cleargie) at Saliſburie, and there required certayne of hys Nobles to paſſe ouer into Gaſcoigne, but euery of them ſeemed to excuſe hymſelfe, whereat the Kyng beeyng moued, threatned, that they ſhoulde eyther goe, or hee woulde gy[...] theyr landes to other that woulde goe, with whyche wordes, many of them were greeuouſly offended, in ſo muche, that the Earles of Hereforde and Marſhall, Humfrey Bohun, and Roger Bigod, declared that they woulde bee ready to goe with the Kyng if hee wente himſelfe, or elſe not.

And when the Earle Marſhall was eftſoones required to goe, hee aunſwered, I will willingly goe with the King, and marche before hym in the fore warde, as by righte of inheritance I am [...]unden. Yea ſayeth the Kyng, and you ſhall goe with other though I goe not, I am not [...] bounde (ſayth the Earle) neyther doe I purpoſe to take the iourneye in hande with you.

The king then in a greate chafe, burſt out and ſware, By God ſir Earle, eyther thou ſhalt goe or hange and I ſwane (fayth the Erle) the ſame othe, that I will neyther goe nor hang: and ſo departed from the Kyng without leaue taking: [...] diſloyall demeanour of [...]he tvvo erles. And immediatly herevpon thoſe two Erles aſſembled many noble men, and other of their frendes togither to the number of thirtie Ban[...]rettes and aboue, ſo that in all they were founde to be xv.C, men of armes appoynted and ready for battayle, and herewith they withdrew into their countreys, and kepte ſuche ſturre there, that they woulde not permitte the kyngs Officers to take neyther Woolles, leather, nor any thing againſte the owners wyl, but forbad them on pain of looſing theyr heads to come within theyr & co[...]thes, and wythall prepared them ſelues to reſyſte if neede were.

They hadde [...]th them ſix [...]eedmen [...] armes, and [...] thouſande [...]otmen, as A [...]ngdon hath.In this meane tyme the warre was proſecuted in Gaſcoyne. The thurſdaye before the Purification of our Lady, Henry Earle [...] Lyncolne, and the lord Iohn Saint Iohn departing from Bayonne towardes Bellegard, a place beſieged as then by the Earle of Arthoys, to ſuccour them within the ſame with victuals (wherof they ſtoode in neede) as they approched to a wood diſtant from the fortreſſe a three miles, they deuided themſelues into two ſeuerall battailes, the Lord Iohn Saint Iohn leadyng the fyrſt, and the Earle of Lyncolne the ſeconde.

[...]tayle be [...]ixt the erle [...] Lincoln and [...]e Erle of Ar [...], vvho had [...]n him .1500 [...] of armies (as [...]bingdō hath)The Lord Saint Iohn therfore hauyng paſſed the wood with his battayle, and entryng into the playne fieldes, was encountred by the Earle of Arthoys, who tarried there for hym wyth a greate power, where immediatly at the firſt ioynyng of the battayles, the Earle of Lincolne retyred backe: ſo that the Lorde Iohn Saint Iohn and his companye ouerſette with preaſſe of enimies, were vanquiſhed: and the ſaid Lorde Saint Iohn with Syr William de Mortymer, Sir William Burmengham and other to the number of eyght Knyghtes, and diuers Eſquires were taken, the whiche were ſente to Parys as Priſoners.

Abingdon.Other wryte ſomewhat otherwyſe f thys battayle, as that vppon the firſte encounter the Engliſhmen droue backe one regimente of the Earle of Arthoys hys men of armes, whome hee deuided into foure partes: but when they once ioyned wyth the ſeconde regiment, to the whyche they were beaten backe, forewarde they come agayne, and ſo chargyng the Engliſhemenne, with helpe of theyr thyrde ſquadrone, whiche was nowe come to them alſo, they eaſily put the Engliſhmen oppreſſed with multitude vnto flyghte, and followe them in chaſe.

After thys, came the Englyſhemen whyche were in the rerewarde, and encountryng wyth the fourthe ſquadrone or regiment of the Frenchemenne, ſtreyghte wayes brake the ſame.

Heerewith was the nyghte come vppon them, ſo ſo that one coulde not knowe an other, a friende from an enimye, and ſo bothe the Engliſhemen and Frenchemen were diſperſed tyll the Moone roſe, and the Frenchemen wythdrewe to theyr Foureſſes, and amongeſt them certayne of the Englyſhemen were myngled, whyche beyng diſcouered, were taken Priſoners, as the Lorde Iohn Saint Iohn, and others.

The ſlaughter was not great,The lord Saint Iohn taken. for there were no [...]hremente on eyther parte, to ſpoyle or kill the men of armes that were thrown beſyde their horſſes: For the Englyſhe footmen remayned in the wood, or were wythdrawne backe, as before yt haue hearde, without attemptyng anye exployte worthie of prayſe.

Indeede ſome lay the blame in the Gaſcoyne footemen, for the loſſe of this battayle,Mat. VVeſt. bycauſe that they withdrewe backe, and lefte the Engliſhe horſemen in daunger of the enimies whiche hadde compaſſed them aboute on euerye ſyde,

Three hundred of the menne of armes came through to the towne of Bellegarde,Abyngdon. but bicauſe it was nyghte, ſo that they coulde not be diſcerned whether they were friendes or foes, they within the towne wold not ſuffer them to enter: wherevpon they departed, and went to S. Seuere, foure leagues off. Yet further in the night, other of the Engliſhmenne were receyued into Bellegarde, which came thyther after the other, and ſo in the mornyng they of the gariſon with theyr aſſiſtance iſſued foorth, and commyng to the place where the battaile hadde bene, gathered the ſpoyle of the fielde, and conueyed into their Towne ſuch prouiſion of victuals as they founde there.

The Earle of Lincolne wyth a great many of other wandred a greate parte of the night and knewe not whether to goe.The Earle of Lincolne eſcaped. At lengthe aaboute three of the clocke in the morning he came to Perforate, where he had lodged with his army the night before,He commeth home. and there founde a greate number of hys people ryght gladde of hys commyng and happye eſcape oute of daunger.

From thence hee retourned vnto Bayonne wyth the Earle of Richemont ſir Iohn de Brytayne and all hys companye that were lefte. And ſuche was the happe of this iourneye.

In Lent folowing, [...]e that were diſperſed here and there abroade reſorted to the Erle of Lincolne, ſoiorning at Bayonne, and in the ſommer ſeaſon, made a iourney towardes Tholouſe,He inuadeth the countrey about Tholouſe. ſpoyling and waſtyng the Countreyes of Tholouſyne, and other theraboutes, and remoued alſo the ſiege whyche thoſe of Tholouſe had layde vnto a fortreſſe called Saint Kiternes, in chaſing them from the ſame ſiege: and towardes Michaelmaſſe, they retourned to Bayonne, and there laye all the Wynter till after Chriſtmaſſe, and then by reaſon of the truce concluded, as after appeareth, betwixte the two kinges of Englande and Fraunce, they retourned home into Englande.

The cuſtom of vvooll rayſed.The ſame yeare the kyng reyſed the cuſtome of Wooll to an hygher rate than had bin payde at any tyme before: for he tooke now forty ſhillings of a ſack or ſerpler, where before there was payde but halfe a marke.

Abingdon. Euerſden. 
Prouiſion for the kings iourney into Frāce.Moreouer he commaunded, that agaynſt his iourneye whyche hee meant to make ouer into Fraunce, there ſhoulde be two thouſande quarters of wheate, and as muche of Oates taken by the Sheriff in euery countie within the realme to be conueyed to the ſea ſide, except where they had no ſtore of corn, and there ſhould beeues and bakons be taken to a certayne number.

Ia. Meir.In the meane tyme the Earle of Flaunders was ſore vexed by warre which the French king made againſt hym,The Frenche king inuadeth Flaunders. being entred into Flaunders with an armie of three ſcore thouſande men, as ſome authors haue recorded.

Liſle beſieged.About the feaſte of the Natiuitie of Sainte Iohn Baptiſte he layde ſiege to Liſle, and ſhortly after came the Earle of Arthois, being returned out of Gaſcoyne with his power vnto that ſiege,The Earle of Arthois vanquisheth the Flemings in battayle. and was ſent foorth to keepe the Flemings and others occupyed, whyche laye at Furneys, and in other places theraboutes in lowe Flaunders, wyth whome hee foughte, and gotte the victorie.

Kyng Edwarde therfore, to ſuccour his frendes prepared to go ouer into Flanders,N. Triuet. and thervppon ſummoned all thoſe that ought hym any ſeruice, and ſuche alſo as helde landes to the value of .xx. poundes and aboue, to bee ready wyth horſſe and harneys at London about Lammaſſe to paſſe ouer wyth hym in that iorney.

A rebellion in Scotlande by the meanes of one VVilliam VValace.In the meane tyme aboute the Moneth of Maye, there beganne a Rebellion in Scotland by the ſettyng on of William Waleys: for the kyng of Englandes Iuſtice Wylliam Ormſbye accordynglye as hee hadde in Commiſſion, confyned and put to outlawrye a greate ſorte of ſuche Scottiſhmen, as refuſed to doe fealtie and homage vnto the Kyng of Englande, the whyche Scottiſhemen beeing thus condemned as Outlawes, elected the foreſayde Wylliam Waleys for their captayn, with whom Williā Douglas beeing once aſſociate, the number of them encreaſed hugelye.

The Erle of Surrey and the Treſures [...] in Englande, thoſe outlawes purpoſed to haue taken the Iuſtice at Scone: but he beyng w[...] though almoſte too late, eſcaped himſelfe, wyth muche adoe, leauyng the moſte parte of his people as a ſpoyle to the enimies.Eng[...] [...] For Williā [...] leys and his company kylled as many Engliſhmen as fell into his handes, and taking c[...] religious men, he bound their hands behynd [...], and conſtrained them to leape into the riuer, taking pleaſure to beholde howe they plunged.

The King ſent the Biſhop of Durham into Scotlande, to vnderſtande the certaintie of this rebellion, who retourning from thence, informed him of the truthe. The Kyng not mynding to break his iorney which he had purpoſed to make into Flaunders, appoynted that the Earle of Surrey ſhould haue the leadyng of all ſuch men of warre as myght be leuyed beyonde Trent, to repreſſe the Scottiſh rebels, and alſo wrote vnto Iohn Cumyn Lorde of Badenaw,The [...] and to the other Iohn Cumyn Erle of Boughan, that remembring their fayth and promyſe, they ſhould retourne into Scotlande, and doe theyr beſte to quiet the countrey: they accordyng to his commaundement, went into Scotlande, but ſhewed themſelues flow inough to procure thoſe things that perteyned to peace and quietneſſe.

In the meane tyme whileſt theſe things were a doing, the Biſhop of Carleile,Abingd[...] and other which lay there vpon the garde of that Citie and Caſtell, hauing ſome miſtruſt of the loyaltie in Robert Bruce the yonger,Robert [...] that was Earle of Carrike by his mother, they ſente hym word to come vnto them at a certayne daye, bycauſe they had to talke with hym of matters touchyng the kinges affaires: he durſt not diſobeye, but came to Carleile together with the Biſhop Gallowaye, and there receyued a corporal othe vpon the holy and ſacred myſteries,The B[...] ſvvorde. and vpon the ſworde of Thomas Becket, to be true to the king of Englande, and to ayde him and his agaynſt theyr enemyes in all that hee myghte: and further to withſtande that the ſayde Kynge receyued no hurte nor dammage ſo farre as in hym myght lye.

This done, he returned agayn into Scotlād, and for a colour entred into the landes of William Douglas, and brent part of them, bringing the wyfe & chyldren of the ſame Wylliam backe wyth hym into Annandale: but ſhortly after,Rober [...] re[...]s the rebelles. he conſpyred with the Scottiſh rebelles, and ioyned hym ſelfe wyth them, not making his father priuye to the matter, who in the meane whyle remayned in the Southe parties of Englande. He would haue perſwaded ſuch knights, Gentlemen and other as helde their landes of his father in Annandale to haue gone with him, but they would not breake their faith giuen to the K. of England, N. Triuet. 
Three hūdreth [...]en of armes, [...]nd fifty thou [...]nde footmen [...]th Abyng [...]on. and ſo left him. The Erle of Sarrey aſſembling together his power in Yorkſhire, ſent his nephew the Lord Henry Percy with the ſouldiors of the countrey of Carleile before into Scotlād, [...]enry Percye [...]e before. who paſſing forth to the town of Ayre, went about to induce them of Gallowaye vnto peace, and hering that an armie of Scottiſhmen was gathered togither at a place lyke a four miles from thence called Irwyn, [...]vvyn. he made thitherwarde, and comming neere to the Scottiſh hoſt might behold where the ſame was lodged beyōd a certayne lake. In that army were capitaines, the Biſhop of Glaſgowe, Andrewe de Murray Steward of Scotlande, and William Waleys which (as ſhuld ſeeme) were not all of one mind.

[...]ſcorde in [...]e Scottishe [...]mye.
[...]ir Richarde [...]dye.There was in the ſame army a knight named ſir Richard Lundy which neuer yet had done homage to the king of England, but now fleing frō his company, he came to the Engliſh armie, and ſubmitted himſelfe with his retinue vnto the K. of Englande, ſaying that he meant not to ſerue amongſt them any longer that coulde not agree togither. The reſidue of the Scottiſhemen ſued for peace,The Scots ſue [...]r peace. vpon condition to haue lyues, mēbers, goodes, cattals and lands ſaued, with a pardon of all offences paſt. The Lord Percy vpon pledges and writings hereof deliuered, was contented to graunt their requeſts, ſo that the king his maſter would be therwith pleaſed, who being hereof certified, bicauſe he wold not gladly be ſtayed of his iorney into Flaunders, graunted vnto all things that were thus required.

Then after that the erle of Surrey was come to the Engliſh camp, bicauſe William Waleys ceaſſed not in the meane tyme to aſſemble more people, the Engliſhmen doubting ſome treaſon, reſolued to giue battayle, but whyleſt they were in mynde thus to doe,The Bishop of Glaſcovv and VVilliam Douglas. the Biſhop of Glaſcowe and William Douglas to auoyde the note of diſloyaltie and treaſon, came & ſubmitted themſelues: and ſo the Biſhoppe was committed towarde within the caſtell of Rockeſborough, and William Douglas in the caſtell of Berwike. It is to be noted, that euen in the very time that the treatie was in hande betwixte the Lorde Percye and the Scottiſh capitaynes, the Scots of Galloway and other ſet vpon that part of the engliſh campe, where the truſſe & baggage laye, whiche they ſpoyled and ranſacked, ſleaing aboue .v.C. perſons what of men, women and children, but the alaruni being reyſed,Abingdon. the Engliſhmen came to the reſkue, and chaſed the Scots, ſlewe aboue thouſand of them, and recouered the moſt pa[...] of their owne goods, with more which they toke from their enimies. In this meane time king Edward at the feaſt of Lammas held a counſell at London,The Archeby [...]op of Can [...]erbury recey [...]d into fauor. where he receiued the Archb. of Canterbury again into his fauor, reſtoring vnto him al his goods and lands. He apointed him and the lord Reynold Grey to haue his eldeſt ſon prince Edw. in keping til his returne out of Flaunders. But Nir. Triuet writeth,Nic. Triuet. y^t the ſaid prince Edward being apointed to remain at home as lieutenant to his father, there were appoynted vnto him as coūſellors,Gardians appointed to the [...]ngs ſonne in [...]s fathers ab [...]ce. Rich. Biſh. of London, Williā erle of Warwike, and the forenamed Lorde Reignold Grey, with the lord Iohn Gifford, and the lord Alane Plokenet, men of high wiſedom, grauitie & diſcretion, [...]rles Marshall [...] Hereford re [...]t to go ouer with the kyng [...]o Flaunders. without making mention of the Archbiſhop of Canterbury in that place.

The two Erles Marſhal and Hereford being cōmanded to attend y^e K. into Flanders, refuſed, excuſing themſelues by meſſenger.

After this,Sir Rafe Mōthermer releaſed. the King cauſed ſir Rafe Monthermer (whome hys daughter the Counteſſe of Glouceſter, in hir widdowhoode hadde taken to huſbande without knowledge of hir father) to be deliuered out of the caſtel of Briſtow, wherin he had bin kept priſoner a certain time vpon diſpleſure for y^e mariage: but now he was not only ſet at libertie, but alſo reſtored to his wife, & to al the lands perteyning to the erledome of Glouceſter, appoynting him to finde .l. men at armes to ſerue in y^e iorney into Flāders.Scottishmen releaſed. He alſo deliuered the erles of Caſſels & Menteth, Io. Cumyn and diuers other Scottiſhmen, apointing thē alſo to go with him into Flāders. Finally hauing aſſē bled his army, ouer the whiche he made the lorde Thomas Berkley Conneſtable,The Lorde Berckley.
A libell deliuered to the king from the Earles of Hereforde & Marshall. & Geffrey Ienuille Marſhall, hee wente to Winchelſey, and whileſt he lay there before he toke y^e ſea, ther was preſēted vnto him frō the erles a wryting which conteyned the cauſes of the griefe of all the Archebiſhoppes,A libell deliuered to the kyng from the Earles of Hertford & Marshall. Biſhops, Abbottes, Earles, Lordes, Barons, and of all the Communaltie, as well for ſummonyng them to ſerue by an vndue meane, as alſo for the vnreaſonable taxes, Subſidies, Impoſitions, and payementes whiche they dayly ſuſteined, and namely the impoſt augmented vpon the cuſtome of Wooll ſeemed to them verye grieuous. For where as for euerye ſacke of whole Woolle there was fortye ſhillings payde, and for euery ſacke of broken wooll one marke: It was well knowne that the wooll of England was almoſt in value eſteemed to bee woorth halfe the riches of the Realme, and ſo the cuſtome thereof payde, would aſcende to a fifth parte of all the ſubſtance of the lande.

The kings anſvvere.The kings aunſwere therevnto was, that hee coulde not alter any thing, withoute the aduice of his Counſell, of the whiche parte were alreadye paſſed ouer into Flaunders, and parte were at London, and therefore hee required the ſayde Earles, that if they woulde not attende hym in that iourney into Flanders, they wold yet in his abſence doe nothing that mighte bee preiudiciall to the realme: for hee truſted by Gods fauour to returne againe in ſafetie, and ſette all thinges in good order.

The King paſſeth ouer into Flaunders.At length about the .xxj. day of Auguſt, the king tooke the ſea, and landed in Flaunders neere to Sluyce, about the .xxvij. day of the ſame moneth.Abingdon. Hee was no ſooner on lande, but that thorough olde enuie and malice depending betwixt the Mariners of the cinque Portes,Debate and fighting betvvixt the mariners of the cinque Portes, and others. and them of Yermouth, and other quarters, a quarell was picked, ſo that they fel togither and fought on the water in ſuche earneſt ſorte, notwithſtanding the kings commandement ſent to the contrary, that there were fiue and twentie ſhips brente and deſtroyed of theirs of Yermouth, and other theyr partakers: alſo three of theyr greateſt ſhippes, parte of the kings treaſure being in one of them were tolled foorthe into the highe Sea, and quite conueyed away.

The king from Sluce firſt went to Bruges, and after to Gaunt,Ia. M[...]. finding the countrey in [...] ſtate, by reaſon that the good townes were not all of one mynde: for diuers of them miſlyked with the doings of the Earle, in that he had allyed himſelfe with the Frenche Kynges aduerſaries.Liſle yeld[...] to the Fr[...] kyng. Aboute the beginnyng of September was Liſle yelded vnto the Frenche king, and after that they of Doway, Curtray, and Bruges, dydde lykewyſe ſubmitte them ſelues vnto the ſame kyng.

Then was Charles Earle of Valoys ſente vnto Bruges to fortifye that Towne,Charles [...] Valoys ſe[...] to Bruges. and to take the Englyſhe Nauye that laye at anker in the Hauen of Damme: but the Engliſhmen hauyng warning thereof, gotte foorth with their veſſelles into the Sea, and ſo the Earle of Valoys beeing diſappoynted of that praie, ſette in hande to fortifye Bruges and Dam, but the Earle of Auſtriche, and Robert de Neuers ſonne to Earle Guy beeing ſent with a power of Englyſhmenne, Flemyngs, and other Souldiours vnto Dam, foughte with the Frenchemenne,The Fren[...] men [...] ted at Dam. ſlewe foure hundred of them, beſydes dyuers that were taken, and recouered the Towne.

They myghte alſo haue recouered Bruges, as was thoughte, if the Englyſhmenne and Flemyngs had not fallen at ſtryfe, and fought togyther about denyding of the praie.

Fynally, after thys, the Frenche kyng came to Bruges, and when the Kyng of Englande and the Earle of Flaunders hadde long looked and all in vayne for the Emperoure Adulfe,The Em[...] Adolfe [...] keth no[...] who hadde promyſed to come to theyr ayde wyth a greate armye, for the charges and wages whereof he hadde receyued greate ſummes of money bothe of the Kyng of England, and alſo of the Earle of Flaunders: they concluded in the ende (when they perceyued he would not come) to make ſome agreemente wyth the Frenche Kyng: and ſo fyrſte was a truce taken, from the myddeſt of October, vnto the Calendes of December, and after by mediation of Charles, (ſurnamed Claudus) Kyng of Sicile, the ſame truce was prolonged, as hereafter yee ſhall heare.

In thys meane whyle, to witte,The Earle of Surrey entreth Scot[...] aboute the ende of Auguſte, the Earle of Surrey when he ſawe that the Scottyſhemen woulde not perfourme promyſe touchyng the delyuerie of the pledges, and that Wylliam Waleys ſtil moued the people to rebellion, hee aſſembled his army, and with the ſame entring Scotland, came vnto Striuelyng.

Then the Lorde Stewarde of Scotlande and alſo the Earle of Lenox came vnto hym, requiring him to ſtaye tyll they myght haue leiſure to ſee if they could bring the people of Scotlande vnto the Kinges peace: but when they coulde not do it, they returned the tenth daye of September, promiſing to bring to the ayd of the Earle of Surrey on the morrow after .xl. horſemen, vpon the whiche day .ij. Fryers, of the order of Preachers were ſent vnto William Waleys, and to the other Scottiſhmen lying beyond the hill aboue the monaſterie of Scambeſkyn to moue them to the kings peace. But their anſwer was, that they were not come to haue peace, but to try the matter by battaile.

The Engliſhe armye withoute good aduice thoroughe the preſumptuous pryde of the Lord Hugh Creſſingham preaſed to the bridge,The pride of Hugh Creſſingham. and haſtyng to paſſe the ſame, the Scottyſhemenne came vpon them, ere the one halfe could get ouer, and ſo fiercely aſſayling them,The Scottes aſſayle the Englishemen. that the Engliſhmen were beaten backe and ſlayne downe. For the Scots after they ſawe ſo many of the Engliſhmē to haue paſſed the bridge, as the thought themſelues able to diſtreſſe,Abingdon. they made downe to the bridge foot, and with a number of their ſpearmen a foote, cloſed it vp that no more ſhuld come ouer to the ayde of theyr fellowes, nor thoſe that were already paſſed, ſhould returne agayne:The valiancie of ſir Marmaduke Thvveng Yet a right valyaunt knighte, one ſir Marmaduke Thweng, whiche was one of the firſt among the men of armes that came ouer, after that he & his cōpanie had driuē down one wing of their aduerſaries, & had folowed them in chaſe a good way, at length perceyuing their company behynde diſtreſſed by the Scottes, he retourned with thoſe fewe that were about hym, purpoſyng to repaſſe the bridge, ruſhed in among the Scots that ſtood afore him with ſuch violence, that he paſſed thorough them, making waye for hymſelfe and for his folkes by great manhoode, ſauing one of his nephues alſo which was ſet a foote and wounded after his horſe had bin killed vnder him.

The Englishemen diſcom [...]ted.At length the diſcomfiture was ſuche, and the Scottes preaſſed ſo earneſtly to winne the bridge alſo of thoſe Engliſhemen whiche were not yet paſſed, that at length the Earle of Surrey commaunded to breake that end of the bridge, where they ſtoode at defence, to kepe backe the Scots, for elſe had there fewe of the Engliſhemen eſcacaped.

There were ſlayne (as ſome haue written) to the number of ſixe thouſand men, and among other was ſlayne ſir Hugh Creſſingham, whoſe ſkinne (as hath bene reported) the Scottes ſtripped off his dead carkaſſe, for the malice whiche they bare towardes him. This diſcomfiture chaunced the .xj. day of September.

The Earle of [...]rrey retureth in haſt to [...]rvvike.The Earle of Surrey leauing in the caſtell of Striueling the ſaid ſir Marmaduke Thweng promiſed hym to come to his ayde at all tymes when neede ſhoulde be within .x. weekes ſpace, and herewith taking his horſe, rode in ſuch haſte to Barwike, that after his comming thyther, his ſteede beyng ſette vp in the ſtable of the Fryers Minors, neuer after taſted meate but dyed: After this, the ſayd Erle making no long abode in Barwike, rode vp to London vnto Prince Edwarde, and lefte the towne of Barwike as a pray to the Scottiſhmen: but thoſe yet that had the caſtel in keping defended it manfully againſt the Scottes, the whiche aſſembled togyther in campe vnder the leading of Alexander Earle of Murrey: and their Capitayne William Waleys came to Berwike,The Scots enter Barvvike. The caſtel holdeth good againſt them. and fynding the Towne voyde of all defence entred it, but they could not winne the caſtell by any meanes.

The Northumberlande men conueyed their wynes, their children, their cattel, and other goodes which might be remoued out of the countrey for feare of the enimies inuaſion: but when the Scottes lingred tyme, and entred not within the Englyſhe borders for a ſeaſon, they broughte theyr goodes agayne, in hope that the Scottes woulde not come foorth of theyr owne marches at that time. But the Scottes hauing aduertiſemente thereof, aboute the feaſte of Saint Luke entred the Engliſhe borders,The Scots inuade Northū berlande, and ſpoyle the coū trey. and didde muche hurte within the countrey of Northumberland, ſo that to auoyde the daunger, all the Relygious menne fledde out of the Monaſteries ſituate betwixt Newcaſtel vpon Tyne, and Carleile.

The Scottes ſpoyled, harryed, and brente vp and downe the countrey tyll the feaſte of Saint Martine, and in the Octaues of the ſame feaſte they drewe togither, and wente towards Carleyle, whiche towne they ſummoned in ſendyng a Prieſte to them that kepte it, commaunding them to yeelde: but receyuyng a frowarde aunſwere,The foreſt of Inglevvood. they fell too and waſted all that countrey, paſſing through the forreſt of Inglewood, Cumberlande, and Allerdale, tyll they came vnto Derwent at Cokermouth, not ſparyng neyther Churche nor chapell. Theyr meanyng was to haue gone into the Biſhoprike of Durham, but what thorough ſore weather of hayle, ſnow and froſt, and what thorough vayne feare of wrong information gyuen by their ſpyalles, that the Countrey was well prouided of men of warre for defence, they brake off that iourney, and yet there were not paſte a hundred men of armes, and three thouſande footemen in that countreye, whiche were then alſo diſperſed thorough yrkeſomneſſe of long ſtaying for the enimies.

The Scottes therefore drewe to Exham, [...] there lodged, not wythout vexyng the Cha[...] although they had graunted Letters of prot[...]ection vnto the Prior and couent of the ſame houſe, to endure for one whole yere: and lykewyſe letters of ſafeconduite to paſſe and repaſſe for one Chanon, one Squyer, and two ſeruaunts, when ſo euer they ſhoulde ſende to them, duryng that tearme: Whiche letters were gyuen foorth vnder the name of the ſayde Earle of Murreye, and William Waleys.The towne [...] Ryton [...] A[...]. reg. [...] From thence they went towardes Newcaſtell, and brente the Towne of Ryton. Fynally, perceyuyng they coulde not preuayle in attempting to winne the towne of Newcaſtell, they deuided theyr ſpoyles,The S[...] [...] and retourned home.

Aboute the ſame tyme, to witte, a little before Chriſtmaſſe, the Lorde Roberte Clifforde with the power of the Citie of Carleyle, entred Annandale, committyng all to the ſpoyle of the footmen, of whome there was a great number.The [...] [...]forde i[...] A[...].

The men of armes on horſebacke being not paſt an hundred in all, kepte togyther, and fyndyng their enimies aſſembled nere to Annan kirk,Annan kirk gaue a charge vpon them,Sc[...]es [...] and chaſed them into a mareys, within the whiche they kepte them till the footmen came in, and aſſayling them, ſlew a 308. perſons, and tooke diuers of them priſoners, and returning againe to their market, brente ten villages, and on Chriſtmaſſe euen retourned wyth their pray and booties vnto Carleil.

1298.
Annan kirke brent.In the beginning of Lent they made an other roade, in the whiche they brente the Churche of Annan. Whyleſt theſe things were in hande, Prince Edward the kinges eldeſt ſonne & other, which had the rule of the realme in the kings abſence, ſought meanes to pacifie the Erles Marſhall and Hereforde: Nic. Triuet. The frovvarde dealing of the Erles of Hereford and Marshall. but they woulde not agree but vpon ſuche conditions as pleaſed themſelues to preſcribe, which were, that the king ſhuld cō ſi[...]e the great Charter, and the Charter of Foreſts, with certain new articles to be included in the ſame great Charter, & that from thenceforth the king ſhould not charge his ſubiectes ſo freely at his pleaſure, as before tyme he had don, without conſent of the ſtates of parliament, and that he ſhould pardon his diſpleaſure and malice conceiued againſt them for denying to go with him into Flanders. Many other articles they woulde that the king ſhuld graunt, confirme, pardon and eſtabliſhe. The whiche were all ſente ouer into Flaunders vnto the King, that he might pervſe them, and declare whether he wold agree or diſagree to the ſame. He as one being driuen to the wall, thought good to yelde vnto the malice and iniquitie of the time to reconcile y^e offended mindes of the peeres & barons of his realme, & graunted vnto al the ſaid articles, confirming the ſame with his Charter vnder his great ſeale. Abing[...] A ſ[...]bſ[...] graunted. In conſideration wherof, the nobles of the Realme and commons granted to the king the .ix. peny of all their goodes: the Archebiſhop of Canterburye, with the clergie of his prouince, the .x. penie, and the elect of Yorke and thoſe of his prouince, grā ted the fifth penie towardes the mayntenaunce of the warre againſte the Scottes, bicauſe they were next vnto the daunger.

The kyng alſo by his ſpeciall letters required the nobles of the Realme, that if they dyd continue in theyr due obedience to hym, as they promiſed at his departure out of the realme to doe, that then they ſhoulde reſorte and appeare at his Parliamente to beginne at Yorke, [...]arliament Yorke. the morrowe after the feaſt of Saint Hillarie, without all excuſe or delay: for otherwyſe he would accompt them as enimies to the common wealthe of the Realme. At whiche daye appeared the Earles of Warreyn and Glouceſter wyth the Counteſſe of Glouceſter his wyfe daughter to the King, the earles Marſhal, Hereford & Arundell, Guy ſonne to the Earle of Warwike in his fathers roomth: and of Barons, the lord Henry Percy, the lord Iohn Wake, and the lord Iohn Segraue, with many of the nobilitie, the whiche being aſſembled togither, would that it ſhould to all men be notified in what manner the king had confirmed the great Charter, [...]g[...] Charta and the Charter of forreſts: whervpon the ſame being read with the Articles thervnto added, and put in, the Biſhop of Carleile, adorned in Pontificalibus, did pronounce all them accurſſed, that wente aboute to violate and breake the ſame. And bycauſe the Scottiſh Lords appeared not, being ſummoned to be there, it was decreed, that the armie ſhould come togither at Newe Caſtell vppon Tyne in the Octaues of that feaſt of ſaint Hillarie nexte enſuing, ſo that the generall muſters might then and there be taken.

[...]ate be [...]ixt the kin [...] men, and [...] Gantiners.The kyng lay the moſt part of thys winter at Gaunt, in the which mean time tyme ther chanced ſedition betweene the Engliſhemen and the Gauntoys, in ſo muche that the Welchmen had lette fyre on the Towne, if the king hadde not ſtayed the matter. But the Flemiſhe writers ſay, the Engliſhmen, ſette fyre in foure partes of the towne in deede, that they mighte the more freely haue robbed in other parties thereof, whyleſt the Towneſmen had gone about to quenche the fire. But the Towneſmen bente on reuenge, aſſembled togither in great number, and falling on the Engliſhmen ſlew thirtie of their horſemen, and of their footmen to the number of ſeuen hundred or thereaboutes. They hadde alſo [...]layn the king if a knight of Flaunders hadde not made ſhifte to ſaue hym.

Indeed (as ſhould appeare by the ſame writers) the Engliſhe footemen had done much hurt in the countrey, & namely one day they ſpoyled the towne of Dam, & ſlew two hundred worthy perſonages which hadde yelded themſelues to the Kyng at his firſte commyng into the countrey.

And although the king cauſed certain of thoſe that had done this outrage to be hanged: yet the Flemings bare this and other iniuries in theyr myndes, and meant to bee reuenged thereof, before the Engliſhmen departed out of their countreye, and therefore there drewe out of ſundrye parties into the Citie of Gaunte by ſmall companyes, to the number of foure thouſande men of armes, beſides a great multitude of footmen: and when they perceyued them ſelues ſtrong ynough (as they tooke the matter) at the daye amongeſt them appoynted, they cluſtred togyther, and vnder the leadyng of the Earles ſons, Wyllyam and Roberte,The Flemyngs ſet vpon the Englishmen in their lodgings. they didde fyrſte ſette vppon the Engliſhmen that were in theyr lodgyngs, of whome they ſlewe dyuers, and after commyng foorthe into the ſtreates, they meant to haue made ſlaughter of all the reſidue: but by the noyſe that was rayſed, the Kyng hadde warnyng in what ſtate the matter ſtoode, and therewyth getteth hym to armoure, and came forth of hys lodgyng, and ſtreyghtwayes hys people flocked aboute hym. And furthermore, the footemen, whyche were lodged in the Suburbes, hearyng of thys tumulte, gette them to armoure, and approchyng the gates, fynd them ſhutte, but with fyre whych they kyndled with ſtrawe, wood, butter, and tallowe, and other ſuch thynges, they brente vp the ſame gates, and ſo got in, loſing not paſ[...]e ſixe perſons, and thoſe were ſlayne at the firſt entring.

Herewith the Earle of Flaunders commeth to the Kyng, and beſeecheth hym to ſtaye hys people from committyng further outrage: but the kyng as he had reaſon ſo to doe, blamed him for the outragious attempte of hys people, and bad hym goe and appeaſe them, or he woulde take payne wyth them hymſelfe to hys owne ſuretie, though not greatly to theyr caſe.

The Earle went, and didde ſo much,The Earle of Flaunders pacifyeth his people. that at length he quieted them, and then was order giuen for reſtitution of ſuche thynges as hadde bene taken from anye manne wrongfully, accordyng to the order and direction preſcribed by certayne diſcrete perſons appoynted as Commiſſioners in that behalfe.

The Kyng perceyuyng hym ſelfe in ſome daunger, and that withoute the fauoure of the Flemyngs he myght hardly eſcape out of their countrey, bare manye thynges, and ſpake curteouſlye, makyng partely amendes for the harmes doone by his people, as well abrode in the countrey, as in the townes. And finally aboute Midlent he returned into Englande, as after ye ſhall heare.

In this meane tyme by the Kyngs appointmente, Nic. Triuet. 
An army aſſembled at Yorke. the Earle of Surreye Lord[...] Warden of Scotland, wyth other Earles and noble menne to hym aſſociate, aboute the feaſte of Saincte Hillarye, had aſſembled an armye at Yorke, hauyng fyrſte ſummoned the Lordes [...] [...] of Scotlande to appeare there at the ſame daye, who yet came not, but contrarily had beſieged the Caſtell of Rockeſburghe.The Scots beſiege Rockeſburgh. Wherevppon the Earle of Surrey haſted thytherwardes, ſo that Willyam Waleys and other of the Scottyſhmen whiche laye there at ſiege, reyſed the ſame, and departed from thence.

The Earle of Surrey entreth Scotland.The Earle of Surrey comming to Rockeſburgh, and relieuing them that kept it with ſuch things as they wanted paſſed foorth to Kelſſow, and came afterwards to the towne of Barwike, which the Scottiſhmen had left voyde.

Here came letters vnto them from king Edward, ſignifying that hee had taken truce wyth the Frenche king, and that he mente ſhortely to [...]etourne into England, and therfore commaunded them not to make any further enterpriſe than the defending of the frontiers, and the recouerie of Barwike, til his comming ouer. Herevppon was a greate part of the armie diſcharged, and ſuche only remayned in Barwike as might ſuffice for defence therof.

King Edvvard returneth home vvardes.King Edwarde hauing made an ende of hys buſineſſe in Flaunders, as before ye haue heard, returned now towards England, and came to a Towne called Ardenburg, where the moſte part of ſuche Scottiſhmen as he had broughte with him into Flanders, ſlipped from him, & wentvnto Paris. The king being returned into Englande, remoued the Barons of the Eſchequer, and the Iuſtices of the Benche vnto York, calling a Parliamente thither, and gaue ſummonance to the Lordes of Scotland to come to the ſame:The Scottes ſum[...]ed to the Parliament at Yorke, refuſed to come. but making defaulte in their appearance, he ſent forth his comiſſion and letters to warne his ſubiectes to be readie with horſe and harneys at Rockeſburgh in the feaſte of the Natiuitie of S. Iohn Baptiſt next enſuyng. They obeying his comaundement,An army raiſed aſſembled there at the daye appoynted.

There were in this armie nowe aſſembled at Rockeſborough together with thoſe of the Biſhopricke aboute three thouſande men of armes mounted on ba[...]ded horſes, Abyngdon. 
The number of men armed in this armye. beſydes foure thouſande other armed menne on horſebacke wythout b[...]rdes.

There were alſo a great number of footmen, and yet none but ſuch as came vpon their owne good w[...]lles, the whiche were almoſt all Welchmen or Iriſhmen.VVelchmen & Irishmen.

There came alſo afterwardes fyue hundred menne of armes w[...]ll apparelled, furnyſhed and mounted,Gaſcoynes. out of Gaſcoyne: of the which a certayne number were ſente vnto Barwike by the king: where after the battayle fought with the Scottes, they remayned in garniſon.

Nic. Triuet.The Earle of Hereford, and the Earle Marſhall were preſente wyth theyr retinues amongeſt other in thys armie here aſſembled at Rockeſborough, the whyche vpon ſuſpition co[...] ned of that they had hearde,The E[...] Here[...] Ma[...] ſ[...] [...] thought it not ſufficient to haue the Kynges Letters patentes touching the confirmation of the two Charters, and other the Articles aboue mencioned ſygnes by hym, whyleſt he was oute of the Realme, a[...] therefore required that he woulde nowe within his owne lande, confirme the ſameagaine.

Here the Biſhoppe of Durham, Iohn Earle of Surrey, Willyam Earle of Warwike, and Raufe Earle of Glouceſter, vndertooke for the kyng, that after hee had ſubdued his enimies, and ſhould be agayne returned into the realme, he ſhoulde ſatiſfie them in that behalfe, and confirme the ſame articles.

This done, the King marching foorth wy[...]h his armye, came to Temple Hiſton, and ſente foorth the Biſhoppe of Durham to take certayn Caſtelles thereaboutes,Ca[...] [...] by the [...] of D[...] as Orinton (or as ſome Copies haue) Drilton, and other two whiche enterpriſe, the Biſhoppe ſpeedyly accompliſhed.

The Engliſhe fleete that ſhoulde haue come from Berwike, and kepte alongſt the coaſte to haue furniſhed the Armie wyth victualls, was ſtayed and holden backe with contrarie wynd ſo that the armie beganne to be in greate neceſſitie of victuals. The Scottiſhemen were aduertiſed hereof, and ſuppoſyng that the Engliſhemen by reaſon of ſuche want of victuals, had not bene able through feebleneſſe to make any greate reſiſtaunce, aſſembled theyr powers togyther, and came towardes the place where the kyng with his army was lodged.

The ſame time twoo of the Engliſhe ſhippes arriued there wyth victualles, the whiche beyng beſtowed. Amongſt the ſouldeors, relieued them greately of theyr hunger, amoungeſt other the Welchemen had twoo tunnes of wine deliuered to them for theyr ſhare, Abingdon 
A fraye betvvixt the VVelche[...] Engliſhmen the whiche they taſted ſo greedyly, that ouercome therewyth they fell to quarrelling wyth the Engliſhemen and begunne a fraye, in the whiche they ſlew an eighteen, and hurte dyuerſe.

The Engliſhe horſemenne heerewyth beyng kindeled wyth diſpleaſure, got them to armour, and ſetting vpon the Welchmen, ſlew of them to the number of foure ſcore, and put the other to flight: wherevpon the nexte morning it was ſaid that the Welchemen vppon wrathe conceyued hereof meant to depart to the Scottes: but yet when the campe remoued they followed the army though a farre off, and a part by themſelues,The Eng[...]men [...]nde [...] doubte of the VVelch[...] in ſo muche that many doubted leaſt if the Engliſhmen had chaunced to haue had the worſe at the Scottiſhe mensne handes, they woulde haue ioygned wyth them agaynſte the Englyſhemenne.

N. Triuet.The Kyng nowe hearing that the Scottes were commyng towardes hym, rayſed hys fielde, and wente foorthe to meete them, lodgyng the nexte nyghte in a fayre playne. In the morning very early, a greate alarme was reyſed, ſo that euery man got him to armour, ſuppoſing the Scottes to bee at hande. The horſe appoynted for the kyngs ſaddle that day, as the Kyng ſhoulde haue got vppon hym, afrighted wyth ſome noyſe, ſtarte aſide, and threwe the Kyng downe wyth ſuche violence, that hee brake twoo of his ribbes, as the reporte went Other write; that his horſe trode on hym in the night as he and his people reſted them, keeping their horſes ſtill bridled to bee readye the ſooner vppon occaſion of any neceſſitie: but howſoeuer hee came by hys hurt, he ſtayed not to paſſe forwarde in his purpoſed iourney, but mounting vppon an other horſe,The battaile [...]f Foukirke. went foorth with hys armye till hee came to a place called Foukirke where bothe the armyes of England and Scotland met and fought. Abingdon. 
The order of [...]he Scottishe [...]attayles. The Scottes were deuided into four ſchiltrons, as they termed them, or as we may ſay, round battailes, in forme of a circle, in the whiche ſtoode theyr people, that caried long ſtaues or ſpeares which they croſſed ioyntly togither one wythin an other, betwixt which ſchiltrons or round battails were certain ſpaces left the which wer filled wyth theyr archers & bowmen, and behinde all theſe were theyr horſmen placed. They had choſen a ſtrong grounde, ſomewhat ſideling on the ſide of a hill. The Erles Marſhall, Herford,The Earles Marshall, Herforde, and Lincolne ledde the fore vvarde. and Lincolne whiche ledde the forewarde of the Engliſhemen, at the firſt made directly towardes the Scottes, but they were ſtayed by reaſon they founde a marys, or an euill fauoured moſſe betwixt theyr enemyes and them, ſo that they were conſtreyned to ſerche a compaſſe towardes the weſte ſide of the fielde.

The Byſhop of Durham ruling in the ſeconde battaile of the Engliſhemen conſiſting of ſixe and thirtie ſtanderds or banners,The bishop of Dur[...]m ledde the ſeconde vvarde. knowing the let of that moſſe or maris, made toward the Eaſte ſide, haſting forth to be the firſte that ſhoulde giue the onſet: but yet when they approched neare to the enemies; the Byſhoppe commaunded his people to ſtaye till the thyrde battaile, which the Kyng led, mighte approch: but that valiant Knyght the Lorde Raufe Baſſet of Drayton ſayde to hym:The Lorde Baſſet of Draitons vvordes to the Bishop of Durham. My Lorde Byſhoppe, you may goe and ſay Maſſe, which better becometh you, than to teache vs what we haue to doe, for wee will doe that that belongeth to the order of warre, and herewyth they haſted foorthe on that ſyde to chardge the fyrſte ſchiltron of the Scottes, and the Earles wyth theyr battaile on the other ſide, and euen vppon the firſte brunt, the Scottiſhe horſemen fledde,The Scottishe horſemen flee. afewe only excepted, which ſtayed to keepe the footemen in order. And amongeſt other, was the brother of the Lorde Stewarde of Scotlande, who as hee was aboute to ſet in order the bowemen of S[...]lkirke, by chaunce was vnhorſed, and ſlaine there amoungeſt the ſame bowemen, and many a tall mans bodye wyth hym. [...]heir archers [...]yue. The Scottiſhe archers thus being ſlain, the Engliſhemen aſſailed the ſpeare men, but they keeping them ſelues cloſe togyther, [...]heſe Scottish [...]are[...]ēvver, Gallovvaye Euerſden [...]en. and ſtandyng at defence wyth theyr ſpeares like a thicke wood, kepte out the Engliſhe horſemen for a while, and foughte manfully, though they were ſore beaten wyth ſhotte of arrowes by the Engliſhe archers a foote: and ſo at length galled wyth ſhot, and aſſailed by the horſemen on eche ſide, they begun to diſorder and ſhrinke from one ſide to another, and herwith the horſmen brake in amongſt them, and to they were ſlaine and beaten down in maner all the whole number of them. Some ſaye there dyed of the Scottes that daye (beyng the twoo and twenty of Iuly,N. Triuet. and the feaſte of Mary Magdalene) aboue twentie thouſande. Other write, that there were ſlaine at the leaſte to the number of xv. Mat. VVeſt. hathe fourtye thouſande.
Polidore. N. Triuet. 
The tovvne of S. Androvvns. thouſande. The Scottiſhe writers alledge that this battaile was loſte by treaſon of the Cumyns and other, as in the Scottiſh hiſtorie ye may more plainly perceiue, with more mater touching the ſame battaile: after this was the towne of Sainct Androwes deſtroyed, no man beeyng wythin to make reſiſtaunce. And from thence the Engliſhe army came throughe Selkirke Forreſte vnto the caſtell of Ayre,The caſtell of Aire. whiche they founde voyde: and after they came by the towne of Annan and tooke the caſtell of Lochmaben, and ſo returned into Englande by the Weaſtmarches, Abyngdon. 
Irishe Lordes. The Iſle of Arayne. and came to Carleil.

About the ſame time certaine Iriſhe lords, and amongeſt other as chiefe, one Thomas Biſet landed in the Iſle of Arain, the inhabitants whereof yelded themſelues vnto the ſame Thomas, who as was iudged, ment to haue ayded the Scottes: but nowe hearing of the victorie whiche Kyng Edwarde had gotten in a pight fielde, he ſent vnto hym to giue hym to vnderſtande that hee was come in his ayde, and had wonne the ſaide Iſle of Airen,Thomas Biſet requireth the Ile of Arain. and therfore beſought him that it might pleaſe him to graūt it vnto hym and hys heyres, to holde of hym and his heyres for euer. Whiche requeſt the K. graunted:The euill opinion of the Erles Marshall and Hereforde tovvardes the Kyng. whereof when the Earles Marſhall & Hereford were aduertiſed, they thoughte this a raſhe parte of the Kyng, conſidering that hee had promiſed to doe nothing of new wythout theyr conſentes and counſell.

Therefore the Kyng beyng as ye haue heard returned to Carleill, they got licence to depart home wyth theyr people leauing the kyng ſtill at Carleil, where he remained a time, and held a Parliament there,The Kynges liberalitie tovvardes his nobles. in the whiche he graunted vnto many of his nobles, the lands and liuings of dyuers noble men of the Scottes, as to the Earles Earledomes, to the Barons baronies, but Gallowaye and Annandall wyth certayne other counties, he aſſigned to none, reſeruing the ſame (as was thought) vnto the foreſayde two Erles, leaſt they ſhould thinke themſelues euill dealt wyth, if they had no parte beſtowed on them amongeſt the reſidue.

The King after this went to Durham, and from thence thoughte to haue returned ſtreight towardes London, but hearing that the Scottes ment to make ſome inuaſion, hee went to Tynmouth, and remained there till towards Chriſtmaſſe.

An. reg. 27. After the Kyng had layne a certen time at Tinnemouthe, hee departed from thence, and drewe Southwarde,Cotyngham. and comming to Cotingham, a little from Beuerly, helde hys Chriſtmaſſe there,1293. and after drewe towardes London, where in the begynning of Lent, hee [...] a parliament,A parliament
Abing[...] at the which hee was requyred to keepe promiſſe for the confirming of the two charters and articles concluded wyth the Erles of Hereford and Marſhall. The King was nothyng contented that this matter ſhoulde bee ſo earneſtely called vppon, for lothe hee was to graunte theyr full requeſtes, and agayne to denye them, hee ſtoode in doubte howe it mighte bee taken: hee therefore prolonged time, and woulde make no aunſwere eyther to or fro[...] and when the Lordes vrged hym ſore to giue them aunſwere, hee got hym out of the citie,The Lord[...] [...]ll vpon the Kyng to [...] not making them priuie of hys departure, and when they followed hym, and ſemed not well contented that hee ſhoulde ſo diſſemble wyth them, hee excuſed hymſelfe by blaming the [...] of the citie to bee againſte hys health, and therefore he bare them in hande, that he only ſought to refreſhe hymſelfe in ſome better ayre in the countrey more agreable to hys nature: [...] and as for aunſwere to theyr requeſtes, hee willed them to repayre againe to the citie, and they ſhoulde haue aunſwere by hys counſaile ſo farre as ſhoulde ſtande wyth reaſon to content them.

They returned as hee willed them, and had the charters confirmed according to their requeſtes, ſauing that this addition was put in the latter end of y^e ſame, Saluo iure coronae nostra. The addition put in the [...] Wyth whiche addition, the Lordes were offended, and tourned home to theyr houſes in as greate diſpleaſure towardes the Kyng as before.

The counſel doubting ſome ſeditions ſturre to ariſe hereof amongeſt the people, deliuered the charters (ſo ſealed and ſigned as they were) vnto the Sheriffes of London, that the ſame might bee redde openly before the people,The addition re[...] in Poules Churcheyar[...] which was done in Poules Churcheyarde in preſence of a greate aſſemblie there come togyther and gathered for that purpoſe. The people at the firſte before they heard the addition gaue many bleſſinges to the Kyng, for thoſe grauntes, but when they hearde wyth what wordes hee concluded, they curſed as faſte as before they had bleſſed. Before this parliament was diſſolued, the Lordes had warnyng to retourne agayne ſhortely after Eaſter, and then they had all thinges graunted and performed as they could wiſhe or deſire.The perambulations of [...] reſt[...] The perambulations of Forreſtes were appoynted vnto three Byſhoppes, three Earles, and three Barons.

Aboute the latter ende of Iune there came ouer a Byſhoppe ſente from Pope Boniface as hys Nuncio, and dyuers other wyth hym,A bishop [...] from the [...] to declare the order which the Pope as arbitrator indifferently choſen betwixte the twoo Kynges of Englande, and Fraunce, for the deciding of all controuerſies depending beetwixte them) had giuen foorthe and decreed, whiche was in effect as followeth.

The Popes [...]cree of peace [...]etvvixt the [...]ages of Englande and Fraunce.Fyrſte that Kyng Edwarde beeyng then a widower ſhoulde marry the Frenche Kynges ſiſter named Margaret, notwithſtandyng the degrees of conſangiuinitie, for the whiche the Pope woulde diſpence. Againe that the Lorde Edwarde the Kynges eldeſt ſonne ſhoulde at conuenient tyme take to wyfe the Ladye Iſabell the Frenche Kynges daughter. Alſo that the Kyng of Englande ſhoulde make ſatiſfaction for the Frenche ſhippes whiche hys men had taken at the beginning of the warre, [...]. Triuet. and that ſundrye townes in Gaſcoyne ſhoulde bee put into the Popes handes, till it might be vnderſtoode vnto whome the righte apperteyned. But thoſe twoo laſt articles tooke ſmall effect, the Frenche Kyng refuſing to deliuer any of thoſe townes whiche hee had gotten in poſſeſſion.The Popes re [...]eſt for the [...]leaſing to ly [...]rtye or Iohn [...]aillol. Moreouer, theſe meſſengers in the Popes behalfe required the Kyng that hee woulde ſet at libertie Iohn Baillol ſometime Kyng of Scotland, and to reſtore thoſe landes vnto his ſonne Edwarde Baillol, whiche hee ought to holde within the Realme of Englande, promiſing and vndertaking in the Popes behalfe to preſerue and ſaue the Realme harmeleſſe of all hurte or damage that myghte enſue by, the deliuerie of the ſayde Iohn Baillol.

King Edward vnderſtanding that ther was greate daunger in ſetting hym at libertie, [...]ohn Baillol [...]lyuered out [...] priſon at the [...]opes ſuite. was contented to deliuer hym vnto the Pope, but hee refuſed to make reſtitution vnto Edwarde Baillol of the landes whiche hee demaunded. The Popes ambaſſadoures receyuing Iohn Baillol at Kyng Edwards handes, tooke hym ouer wyth hym into Fraunce, and there lefte hym in the cuſtodie of the Byſhoppe of Cambrey, [...]olidore. 
[...]e departeth [...]is lyfe. the Popes deputie in that behalfe, where ſhortelye after hee dyed.

After this, according to the couenauntes of agreement made beetwixte the twoo Kynges of Englande and Fraunce, [...] Triuet. the ceptiues vpon either parte were deliuered.

The Kyng ma [...]eth the Frēch [...]ngs ſiſter.In the feaſte of the natiuitie of our Ladye, the Kyng married the Ladye Margaret ſiſter to the Frenche Kyng at Canterburye wyth greate ſolempnitie. Aboute the feaſte of Sainct Martin in wynter the Kyng helde a parliamēt at Yorke, [...] parliament [...] Yorke. meaning to haue gone from thence into Scotlande, to haue reſcued the caſtell of Strueling, whiche the Scottiſhemen had beſieged, and had it ſurrendred vnto them, ere the Kyng coulde ſet forewarde to come to rayſe the ſiege. The ſame yere died Henry Newarke Archbiſhop of Yorke,The deceaſſe of the Archbishop of Yorke.
An. reg. 28.
1300.
Abingdon. 
A proclamation for money. and Thomas Corbridge a doctour in diuinitie ſucceeded hym.

In the eyghte and twentye yere of his raign in the Chriſtmaſſe ſeaſon Kyng Edwarde ſet foorth a proclamation, forbidding and prohibiting all forraine coine to bee receyued and payde as ſteeling mony wythin his dominion, commaunding by the ſame proclamation, that two peeces of them ſhuld go for one ſterlyng, vntill the feaſt of Eaſter. There were diuers moneyes in thoſe dayes currant wythin this realme, as Pollardes, Crocards, Staldinges, Egles, Leonines, Sleepinges, and all theſe were white monyes, artificially made of ſiluer, copper, and ſulphur, ſo that it was an y[...] tyme for baſe moneyes, and muche choppyng and chaunging was vſed in buying and ſelling of thynges. At Eaſter following the King vtterlye forbad that any of thoſe moneyes ſhoulde be currant at all,Forreyne moneys forbidden to go as currāt. and helde his exchaunge in ſundry places, and to be rydde of them, men gaue fiue or ſixe of them for one ſterling, not caring for them bycauſe of theyr baſeneſſe, and yet wythin one yeare after that men had learned the ſkill by proofe howe to trie the mettall with melted leade in the fire, they founde that twoo peeces of thoſe baſe moneys were in valewe worthe one ſterling, and many became riche by the exchange, whiche had boughte good ſtore of them, when they were ſo ſmally eſteemed: but the Kyng cauſed enquirie to be made of them that vſed ſuche exchaunge wythout his licence, and put them to theyr fines.

At a Parliament holden at London in lent this yeare, the Kyng renued the confirmation of the charters, and made certain new ſtatutes concerning fines and Gaole deliueries, very profitable to the common wealth.

Aboute the feaſte of Sainct Iohn Baptiſt, Abyngdon. 
The king goth vvith an armye into Scotlande. Kyng Edwarde went wyth an armye into Scotlande, and there graunted a truce to the Scots that inhabited the mountaine countryes to endure for eleuen Moneths, that is to wit, till Whitſontide nexte enſuing.

As the Kyng was vppon hys iourney forewardes in the Northe partes, hys late married wyfe Quene Margaret was deliuered of hys firſt ſonne at Brotherton,Thomas of Brotherton borne the firſte of Iune a place in Yorkſhire not farre from Pontfret, he was named Thomas, and tooke the ſurname of Brotherton, of the place where he was borne.

Moreouer Pope Boniface at the ſute of the Scottes wrote his letters vnto kyng Edward commaunding hym by the ſame and by the Archebiſhoppe of Canterbury, whome hee appoynted to delyuer the ſame letters, by other letters to hym directed, that he ſhould not only releaſe and ſet at libertie all ſuche Scottes as he had in priſon, but alſo giue ouer his warres which he made againſt the realm of Scotlande: and if he ment to make any claime to the ſame, then to ſend his procurators vnto the court of Rome, and there to ſhewe what euidence hee coulde for hys righte thereto, where the matter (as he mainteined) was to be heard, decided, and iudged and not elſe where. The Archebyſhoppe according to the Popes commaundement did the meſſage, and preſented the Popes letters vnto the King, who deferred the anſwer vnto the aſſemblie of the eſtates in parliament, and hereof the Archebiſhop aduertiſed the Pope accordingly as in the letters to hym directed hee was commaunded.

Euerſden.This yeare alſo on Sainct Remigius day, whiche is the firſte of October, dyed Edmunde Earle of Cornewall, the ſonne of Earle Rycharde, that was alſo Kyng of Almayne: and bycauſe he left no iſſue behynde him to inherite that Erledom, the ſame returned to the crown,

An. reg. 29. 
Mat. VVeſt. Croxden.In the xxix. yere of king Edwards raigne, on Sainct Oſwaldes daye, or as ſome haue written, the Fryday after the feaſt of Peter ad vincula, his wyfe Queene Margaret was deliuered of hir ſeconde ſonne,1301. that had to name Edmunde of Woodſtocke, ſurnamed ſo of the place where hee was borne. The Kyng alſo this yere after Chriſtmaſſe helde a Parliament at Lincolne, to the whiche the Earles and Barons of the realme came in armour, to the end (as it is ſaide) that they myghte procure of the Kyng the more ſpeedye execution of the charter of Forreſtes, whiche by hym had hitherto bene delaied, but nowe that hee perceiued theyr earneſtneſſe and importunate ſuite, hee condiſcended to their willes in all thynges.

Pope Boniface inhibiteth the king of Englād further to vexe the Scottes.Pope Boniface beeyng ſolicited by the inſtant ſuite of the Scottiſhemen, and offended alſo that the landes in Englande whiche beelonged vnto Edwarde Bailloll the ſonne of Iohn Baillol, were not to the ſame Edwarde reſtored, hee eftſoones wrote to Kyng Edward forbidding hym from thence foorthe any further to vexe the Scottes by warres, bycauſe that the kingdome of Scotlande was ſurrendred alreadye into hys handes by the generall conſent of the Scottiſhemen themſelues, and therefore was it in hys power to beſtowe and take awaye the ſame to whome or from whome ſoeuer it ſhoulde pleaſe hym.

N. Triuet.There were reaſons alledged why the King of Englande ſeemed to doe wrong in chalenging as then the kingdome of Scotlande: and amongeſt other, one was that ſuche homage as had bene done of auncient time to the Kings of Englande, by the Kynges of the Scottes, was onely meant for Tyndale, Penreth, and ſuche other landes as the Scottiſhe Kynges helde within England, and not for the Realme of Scotlande.

And whereas the Kyngs of Scotlande had aided the Kyngs of Englande in theyr watres againſte the Rebells of theyr Realme of Englande, and bene preſent at theyr coronation, the ſame was done of ſpeciall fauour and not of dutie. Kyng Edwarde hauyng receyued the Popes preſcript and well conſidered the whole contentes thereof, ſent in writing his anſwere ſo at large, prouing by euident reaſons that the right of propretie of the kingdome of Scotlande, did moſte iuſtly apperteyne vnto hym, and that the allegations were not true, but forged, whiche had bene by ſurmiſed information preſented againſte hym. Beſide the kyngs letters whiche hee wrote in his owne behalfe, there was an other letter deuiſed and written by all the Lordes temporall of the lande aſſembled in parliament at Lincolne, in which letter they aunſwered in name of all the eſtates there gathered, vnto that pointe wherein the Pope pretended a right to be iudge for the title of the Realme of Scotlande, proteſting flatly that they would not conſent that theyr Kyng ſhuld doe any thyng that might tende to the diſenheriting of the ryght of the crowne of Englande, and plaine ouerthrow of the ſtate of the ſame realme, and alſo hurt of the liberties, cuſtoms, and lawes of theyr fathers, ſith it was neuer known, that the kings of this land had anſwered or ought to anſwere for theyr rights in the ſame Realme, afore any iudge Eccleſiaſticall or ſecular. The Tenour of whiche letter beginneth thus.

The Pope when he hearde and deliberately pondered the Kyngs aunſwere, wyth this letter dyrected to hym from the Englyſhe Barons, hee waxed colde in the matter, and followed it no farther.The king goeth into Scotlande. The [...]ice betwixte the Kyng and the Scottes beeyng once expired, the Kyng aſſembled hys armye, and wente into Scotlande, aboute the feaſte of Sainct Iohn Baptiſt, and tarrying there all the ſommer and winter following, his ſouldiors loſte many of their greate horſes for lacke of forrage whiche coulde not bee gotten in the colde winter ſeaſon. An. reg. 30. 1302. Hee kept his Chriſtmaſſe at Lithko, and at length at the requeſt of his brother in lawe the Frenche Kyng,A truce graunted to the Scots he graunted eftſoones a truce to the Scottiſhemen till the feaſt of all Saintes nexte enſuing. Then hauing ordered his buſines for that time in Scotlande,The king returneth into Englande. hee retourned into Englande, and aboute Midlent called a parliament at London. Alſo this yeare Pope Boniface vpon diſpleſure cōceiued againſt the French K. ſent vnto king Edward exhorting hym to make warres againſte the ſame Frenche Kyng,The Pope exhorteth the K. of Englande to make vvarre againſt Fraunce. and to perſwade hym the more eaſily therevnto, hee promiſed him great aide: but the King of England hauing proued the ſaid Pope, not the ſureſt man in frendſhip towards him, he forebare to attempt any forcible exploite againſt the French King, truſting by ſome other meanes to recouer his righte.

The deceaſe of the Earle of Hereforde.This yere departed out of this world Humfrey Bohun Earle of Hereforde, after whome ſucceded his ſonne Humfrey, the whiche afterwardes married the Kynges daughter, Elizabeth Counteſſe of Hollande, after that hir [...]e huſbande was deade.

Tourneyes, i[...]ſtes barriers, & other wa[...]e exerciſes, Re. T[...]. Tour[...] [...]. whiche yong Lordes and gentlemen had appoynted to exerciſe for theyr paſtime, [...] diuers partes of the Realme, were forbidden by the Kyngs proclamations ſent downe to be publiſhed by the Sheriffes in euerye countye abrode in the Realme: the teſte of the writ was from Weſtminſter the ſixteenth of Iuly.

The citizens of Burdeaux could not beare the yoke of the Frenche bondage, An. reg. [...] 1302 and therefore this yere aboute Chriſtmaſſe expulſed them out of theyr Citie. Shortly after the Frenche King doubting leaſte the Kyng of Englande by the ſetting on of the Pope, ſhoulde make warres agaynſte hym for the wrongfull deteyning of Gaſcoigne, to purchaſe his fauour,Tovv[...] [...] red to the [...] in Gaſ[...] reſtored vnto hym all that whiche hee helde in Gaſcoigne and ſo then they of Burdeaux, alſo ſubmitted themſelues to the Kyng of Englande of theyr owne accorde.

Nowe after that the truce wyth the Scots was expired, Polidore. The Lo[...] [...]gr[...]e [...] Scotlands. whiche tooke ende at the feaſte of all Sainctes laſte paſte, the Kyng ſent the lord Iohn Segraue, a right valiant Knight (but not ſo circumſpect in his gouernement as was neceſſarie) wyth a great army into Scotland, to haue the rule of the lande as lorde Warden of the ſame:Abyng[...] Polidor. wyth him was ioyned alſo Raufe Confrere, Treaſourer of the armye. Theſe twoo capitaines comming to the borders, and he[...]ring that the Scottiſhe men already were in armes; they entred into Scotlande, and in order of battaile paſſe foorth vnto Edenburgh, and hearing nothing of theyr enemies, whiche kept them ſtill in the mountaines, they deuided their armye into three ſeuerall battailes, twoo of the whiche came behinde the fore warde vnder the leading of the ſaide Rafe Confrey, the thirde (that is to ſay) the fore ward, the Lorde Segraue ledde hymſelfe, in ſuche order that there was the diſtaunce of foure miles betwixt theyr lodgings. This they did to be the more plenteouſlye ſerued of victualles. But the Scots vnderſtandyng this order of theyr enemies, became the more hardy, and therevppon hauing knowledge where the Lorde Segraue was lodged wyth his companye, a good waye off from the other twoo partes of the army, they haſte forewarde in the night ſeaſon, and came neare vnto the place where the ſame Lorde Segraue was encamped, a little before daye, making themſelues redie to aſſaile the engliſhmen in their campe, but the lorde Segraue hauing knowlege of their coming, though he was coūſeled by ſome of them that were about hi[...], either to wythdraw vnto the other battailes, or elſe to ſende vnto them to come to his ayde, he would follow neither of bothe the wayes, but like a capitaine more hardie than wiſe in this point, diſpoſed his cōpanies which he had there in order to fight, and encouraging them to play the men, immediatly vpon the riſing of the ſun, & that his enemies approched, he cauſed the trū pets to blowe to the battaile, & gaue therewith the onſet. The fight was ſore, and doutful for a while, till the Engliſhmen ouercome with the multitude of their enemies begā to be ſlaine on eche ſide, [...]e Englishe [...] vanqui [...] by the [...]tes. ſo y^t few eſcaped by flight, to the nūber of .xx. worthie knyghts were taken, with their capitaine the ſaide Lorde Segraue being ſore wounded, but he was by chaunce reſkewed, and deliuered out of the enemies handes, by certen horſemen, [...]byngdon. whiche vnder the leading of the lord Robert Neuile a right valiant knight, (vpon hearing the noiſe of them that fled) came on the ſpurres out of the nexte campe to the ſuccour of theyr fellows. [...] Confrere [...]s ſlayne at [...] encounter [...]byngdon [...]. Raufe Confreir after this miſhappe (as Polydore hathe) brought backe the reſidue of the army into Englande, not thinking it neceſſary to attempt any further enterpriſe at that time againſte the enimyes, ouermatching hym both in ſtrength and number. This encounter chaunced [...] the firſt Sunday in Leut.

I remember howe the Scottiſh Chronicles conteine muche more of this enterpriſe greatly to their glorye, and more haply than is true, as by cōferring the place where they entreat of it, with this that I haue here exēplified out of our writers it may well apeare. The erle Marſhall hauing ſpent largely whileſt he ſtood in contē tion againſt the king who was now earneſtly called vpon to repay ſuche ſums of money as he had borowed of his brother Iohn Bigot, [...] Triuet. [...]e Earle [...]hall reſig [...] his landes to the king. who was very riche by reaſon of ſuch benefices and ſpirituall liuings as he had in his handes, the erle bicauſe he had no childrē to whō he might leaue his landes, ment to haue left thē vnto his ſaide brother: but when he ſaw hym ſo importunate in calling for the debtes which he ought hym, he tooke ſuch diſpleaſure therwith, that to obtaine the Kynges fauour, and to diſappoint his brother of the inheritaunce, he gaue vnto y^e Kyng all his poſſeſſions, vpon condition that the Kyng adding thereto other landes in value worthe a .M. markes by yeare, ſhoulde reſtore thē to him again to enioy during his life, the remainder after his deceſſe to come vnto y^e K. and further, the kyng ſhould pay and diſcharge him of all his debts.A Subſidie. King Edward being aduertiſed of the loſſe whiche his men had ſuſteined in Scotlaned, ſtreight wayes called a parliamēt, wherin by aſſent of the ſtates a ſubſidie was graunted towardes the mainteinaunce of his warres, and thē the ſame being leuied he aſſēbled his people,The king goth in perſon into Scotlande. & ſhortly after about Whitſontide entred into Scotlande to reuenge the death of his men. The Scottes hearing of the Kynges comming, fled into the mountaines, moſſes, and mariſhe groundes, not once ſhewing any countenance to fight any ſet battaile with the Engliſh hoſte,Cathneſſe. ſo that the king in maner without reſiſtance paſſed throughe the coū tey euen vnto Cathnes, which is y^e furtheſt part of all Scotlād: many of the Scots perceyuing theyr lack of power to reſiſt y^e engliſh puiſſāce,The Scots ſubmitte themſelues to the king came to king Edward & ſubmitted themſelues, wyth condition y^t they ſhould enioye their lāds whiche he had giuen awaye to his lordes, they redeming y^e ſame with conueniēt fines, Abyngdon. VVill. VVallace. which was graūted. But Williā Walleis with certen other keping themſelues in places where no army could come to purſue them, would neuer giue eare to any conditions of agreement:Polidore. ſo that neither with feare,Hec. Boetius. neither with offer of rewardes coulde this Walleis be induced to folowe or beholde the Engliſhe King ruling the Realme of Scotland.Io. Maior K. Edward retourning backe came to the caſtel of Striueling (which the Scottiſhmen helde againſt hym) & beſieged it. An. reg. 32. Striuely[...] caſtel beſieged. Abingdon. The King hymſelfe lay at Dunferling the moſte parte of the winter: and whileſt he lay there, the Queene which had lyen a long time at Tinmouth came to him, and when the winter was once paſte,1304. the king himſelfe commeth to the ſiege, and cauſed certain engins of wood to be reiſed vp againſt the caſtell,Engins to caſt ſtones. which ſhot off ſtones of .ij or .iij. C. weight: but yet woulde not they within once talke of any ſurrender: & where the Engliſhemen filled the ditches with wood and boughs of trees, they ſet the ſame on fire and brent them to aſhes: at length the di[...]hes were filled with ſtones and earthe, ſo that then the Scotts within perceyuing themſelues in euident perill to loſe the caſtell, on ſaint Margarets daye they yelded themſelues ſimply into the Kynges handes, as the engliſhe writers affirme, thoughe the Scottiſhe writers recorde the contrary. Finally, when the Kyng had ordered all his buſineſſe in Scotland at his pleaſure, he retourned into Englande, leauing in Scotland for warden the lord Iohn Segraue,Polidore. or (as other writers haue, ſir Aymer de Valfce Erle of Pembroke. The VValſ. 
The Earle of Pembroke lord vvarden of Scotlande.
N. Triuet. Polidore ) At his comming to Yorke he cauſed the Iuſtices of his benche, and the barons of the Exchequer to remoue with their courtes, and all theyr Clerkes and officers, togither with the Lord Chaūcellor and his court vnto London, that the Termes myght be kept there, as in times paſte they had bene, where as nowe the ſame had remayned at Yorke aboue the ſpace of ſixe yeres, vpon this conſideration, that the Kyng and hys Counſell myght bee neare vnto Scotland to prouide for the defence thereof, as occaſion from time to time ſhould requyre. From Yorke he came to Lincolne, and there remayned all the winter, holding a counſell, in the whiche he eftſoones confirmed the articles of Magna Charta, touching y^e liberties, priuileges and immunities of his ſubiects, the whiche to declare theyr thankfull mindes towardes him for the ſame, graunted to him for the ſpace of one yeare the fifteenth parte of all theyr reuenues.A fifteenthe graunted. Other write that the kyng had this yeare of citizens and of the Burgeſſes of good townes, the ſixt peny according to the valued rate of theyr goodes.

The deceaſſe of the Archebyshoppe of Yorke.
VVilliam Grenefielde made Archebyshoppe of Yorke,Aboute the ſame time, Thomas Colebrugh or Corbridge Archbyſhoppe of Yorke departed this life, and one William Greenefielde Doctour of bothe the lawes ſucceeded hym. There dyed aboute the ſame tyme likewiſe that valiant knyght the lord W. Latimer. Alſo Iohn Warrein Earle of Surrey and Soffex dyed this yeare, and was buryed at Lewes. His nephew by his ſonne, (named alſo Iohn) ſucceeded him obteining to wife the kings Neece by his daughter Eleanor that was married to the Earle of Bar, as before yee haue hearde.

Robert Bruce Earle of Carrike departeth this lyfe.And likewiſe Robert Bruiſe Erle of Carrike, the fifthe of that name, dyed this yere, that was father to that Roberte Bruce that was after King of Scottes. Moreouer aboute this ſeaſon the kyng ordeined certain cōmiſſioners or Iuſticiaries, to make inquiſitios through y^e realme, Nic. Triuet. 
Inquiſitions taken of the myſ [...]emeanours of iuſtices.
Caxton. by y^e verdict of ſubſtāciall Iuries vppon all officers, as Maiors, ſheriffes, bailiffes, eſchetors and other, that had miſuſed themſelues in their Offices, either by extortion, briberie, or otherwiſe, to y^e greuance of the people [...] to that they rightly might doe & [...] [...]tue of their offices: by meanes of which [...]tions many were accuſed & founde cu[...] thervpon put to greuous ſines: [...] Ma[...] Alſo y^e [...] which were aſſigned to take there inqui[...] extēded the ſame according to their cō [...] againſt ſuche as had made intruſions [...] ther mēs lands, & for doubt to [...] the ſame, had made alienatiōs [...] of greate men,I[...] [...] there [...] again[...] [...]es per[...] Iuſtice. alſo againſte ſuche be[...] as vſed to take mony to beate any man, & [...] wolde not ſticke to take mony of him. [...] the they had ſo beatē, to beate him that had [...] [...] red them to beate the other. The malice [...] maner people was now reſtrayned by ſome of theſe inquiſitions: for ſuche as were found [...] pable, were worthily puniſhed, ſome by [...] & ſome by ranſoms: diuers alſo for fear to [...] to their anſwers fled the realme:F[...] alſo [...] [...] gainſte the crown were ſtraightly looked [...], foūd out, & leuied, by reaſon wherof great [...] of money came to the kings coffers, which [...] wel towards the maintenance & charges [...] warres. N. T[...] [...] T[...] This kind of inquiſition was [...] cōmonly Tra[...] haſtō, which ſignifieth, [...] or draw the ſtaff. And foraſmuch as y^e proce[...] in thhs wife againſte ſuche miſdemenors [...] were vſed, brought ſo great a benefit to y^e [...] in reſtreining ſuche malefactors which greatly (as ſhuld ſeme) diſquieted the ſtate of y^e [...] welth, I haue thought good to ſet down y^e [...] of the writ, as I finde it regiſtred in the [...] that belonged to the abbey of Abingdon, which is as followeth.

Heerevnto were annexed certaine articles by way of inſtructions, of what pointes they ſhould enquire, as partly aboue is noted, out of the addition to Mathewe Weſt. but not ſo fully, as in the ſaid Chronicle of Abingdon is found expreſſed, [...] reg. 33.
[...]305
[...]ce Ed [...] cōmit [...] ward.
[...]on. [...]an. and heere for breefeneſſe omitted.

In the 33. yere of his raigne, K. Edward putte his ſon Prince Edward in priſon, bycauſe y^t hee had riotouſly brokē the parke of Walter Langton B. of Cheſter, and bycauſe the Prince hadde done this dede by the procurement of a lewd and wanton perſon, one Peers Gauaſton, an Eſquire of Gaſcoigne, the K. baniſhed him the Realme, leaſt the prince, who delited much in his company, might by his euil & wanton counſel, fall to [...] and naughty rule.

Moreouer, the ſame yere,William Walace taken and put to deathe.
Ri. South. Wil. Walace was taken, & deliuered vnto K. Edwarde, who cauſed him to be brought to Lōdon, where on S. Bartholmewes euen, hee was conueyed through the ſtreetes vnto Weſtminſter, & there arreigned of his treaſons, & condemned, & therevppon hanged drawen & quartered, his head was ſet ouer Londō bridge, his right ſide ouer the bridge at New-caſtell vppon Tine, his left ſide was ſent to [...]erwike, and there ſet vp, his right legge was ſent to S. Iohns Towne, and his left vnto Aberden, in which places, the ſame were ſet vp for an example of terror to others.

Alſo, about the ſame time, the K. of Fraunce required the K. of Englande by meſſengers and letters ſent vnto him, that he would baniſh al the Flemings out of his Realme,Nich. Triuet. in like manner as at his inſtance he had lately before baniſhed al the Scottiſhmē out of France. The K. of Englande was cōtented ſo to doe, and by that meanes,Flemings baniſhed the land, at contemplation of the Kyng of Fraunce.
Abingdon. 
The Archbyſhop of Caunterbury accuſed by the K.
Nich: Triuet: 
He is ſuſpended. were all the Flemings auoided out of this lād at y^e ſeaſon, but ſhortly after, they returned againe. King Edward accuſed Robert Archbiſhop of Canterbury vnto the Pope, for y^t he ſhould goe aboute to trouble the quiet ſtate of the Realme, & to defende and ſuccour rebellious perſons, wherevppon, the ſaid Archb. beeing cited to the Popes conſiſtory, was ſuſpended from executing his office, till hee ſhoulde purge himſelfe by order of lawe, of ſuche crimes as were laid & obiected againſte him. The K. alſo obteined an abſolution of the Pope, of the othe, which againſt his will he had taken, for the obſeruing of the liberties exacted by force of him, by the Erles and Barons of his Realm, namely, touching diſforreſtings to be made.

This yere, Robert Bruce, contriuing wayes how to make himſelf K. of Scotland, An. reg. 34.
1306
Iohn Lorde Comin flayne by Roberte Bruce. the 29. day of Ianuarie, ſlew y^t Lord Iohn Comin at Dū frice, whileſt the Kinges Iuſtices were ſitting in iudgemēt within the Caſtell there, and vpon the day of the annunciation of our Lady, cauſed him ſelf to be Crowned K. of Scotlande at Scone, where the Counteſſe of Boughan, that was ſecretely departed from hir huſbande the Earle of Boghan, & had taken with hir,The Countes of Boughan ſet the Crowne on Roberte Bruce his head all his greate horſes, was ready to ſet the Crowne vpon the Bruces head, in abſence of hir brother y^e Erle of Fife, to whom (being then in England) ſoiourning at his manor of Whitwike in Leiceſterſhire, y^e office of right apperteined.She is taken. This Counteſſe beyng afterwardes taken the ſame yeare by the Engliſhmen, where other woulde haue had hir put to death, the King woulde not grant therevnto, but commanded, that he ſhuld be put in a cage made of wood,Hir puniſhment. whiche was ſet vppon the walles of the Caſtell of Berwike, that all ſuche as paſſed by, might behold hir. There were preſent at his Coronation four biſhops, fiue Erles, & a great multitude of people of the lande. Immediately vppon y^e newes brought to the K. of Bruces coronatiō, he ſente forthe a power of men,An army ſent into Scotland. vnder the conduit of the Erle of Pembroke, and of the Lord Henry Perey, the Lord Robert Clifford and others, to reſiſt the attemptes of the Scottes, now ready to worke ſome miſchiefe, through the encouragement of y^e new King.Prince Edward made Knight. Edward Prince of Wales was made knight this yeare at Londō, vpō Whitſonday,Thre hundred hath M. Weſt. & a great number of other yong bachelers with him (297. as Abingdon writeth) the whyche were ſent ſtraightwayes with y^e ſaide Prince towards Scotlād, to ioyne with the Earle of Pē broke, to reſiſt the attemptes of the new K. Robert le Bruce and his complices.Prince Edward ſent into Scotland. K. Edwarde himſelfe followed. The general aſſemblie of y^e army was appointed at Careleill, a fifteene dayes after the Natiuitie of S. Iohn Baptiſt, frō thēce to marche forth, vnder the guiding of the Prince into Scotlād.

Robert Bruce.In the meane time, Roberte le Bruce went abroade in the countreys of Scotlande, receyued the homages of many Scottiſhmenne, and got togither an army of men, with the whiche, he approched neere to S. Iohns Towne, into the which the Earle of Pembroke was alittle before entred to defende it,Abingdon. with three hundred menne of armes, beſide footemen. The Bruce ſent vnto the Erle to come out, & giue battell, y^e Erle ſent vnto him word againe, that he would not fight y^e day being ſunday,It was the next ſunday after Midſomer day. but vpō the next morow, he would ſatiſfie his requeſt. Robert Bruce herevpō withdrew a mile backe frō the towne, determining to reſt himſelfe and his people that night. About euening tide cōmeth the Earle foorth of the towne with his people in order of battell, and aſſayling his enimies vpon a ſuddaine,Robert Bruce put to flight by the Earle of Pembroke. ſlew diuers ere they could get their armour on their backes. Roberte Bruce and others that hadde ſome ſpace to arme thēſelues made ſome reſiſtance for a while, but at length, the Engliſh mē put them to the worſe, ſo that they were conſtreyned to flee.Robert Bruce fled into Cantir. The Earle following y^e chaſe, purſued thē, euē into Kentire, not reſting, til he vnderſtood that a great number of thē wer gottē into a Caſtel, which he beſieged, in hope to haue found Roberte Bruce within it, but he was fled further into the Coūtrey. Howbeit,His wife and brother are taken.
The Earle of Athol taken. his wife & his brother Nigell or Neal, with diuers other, wer takē in this Caſtel, and ſente in ſafetie vnto Berwike. Alſo ſhortly after, the Erle of Atholl was taken, being fledde out of the ſame Caſtel.

Fabian.But ſome write, that this Erle was taken in the battell laſt remembred, after long fighte and great ſlaughter of Scottes, to the number [...] uen M. and alſo that in y^e chaſe, the Lord [...] [...] de Friſeil was taken, with the biſhops of S. [...] drowes & Glaſcow, the Abbot of Scone, and [...] ſaid Erle of Atholl, named ſir Iohn Chambre[...]. The biſhops and Abbot, K. Edwarde ſente [...] Pope Innocent,Wic. T[...] with report of their pena[...] other write, that the foreſaide biſhops & Abbot [...] ing takē indeede the ſame yere,Mat. [...] were brought into Englād, & there kept as priſoners within ſundrie Caſtels.

The wyfe of Roberte le Bruce [...] daughter to the erle of Vlſter, was ſent vnto the manor of Bruſtwick, & there honorably vſed hauing a cōuenient nūber of ſeruants appointed to waite on hir. The Erle of Vlſter hir father,Br[...] [...] whoſe [...] in the beginning of theſe laſt warres, ſent vnto K. Edward two of his own ſons to remaine w^t him, [...] ſuch wiſe as he ſhuld think cōueniēt to aſſure himſelf of him, y^t he would attēpt nothing againſt the Engliſh ſubiects. Alſo it was ſaid, y^t the Lady hir ſelf, the ſame day hir huſbād & ſhe ſhould be crowned, ſaid,The fa[...] of Ro[...] B[...] that ſhe feared they ſhuld proue but as a ſommer K. and Q. ſuch as in Countrey townes y^e yong folks choſe for ſport to dance about May poles. For theſe cauſes was ſhe y^e more curteoſly vſed at the Kinges handes, as reaſon no leſſe required.

It ſhuld appeare alſo by Robert Fabian, that the Kyng was preſente himſelfe at this battell: but other affirme, that prince Edward was there as generall, and not his father,Polidor. and that the battell was foughte at Dunchell vppon the riuer of Tay. But neyther the Scottiſh Chronicles nor Nicholas Triuet, (whome in the hiſtorie of this Kyng Edwarde the firſte,Nic. Tr[...] we haue moſt followed) make any mention, that either the King or prince ſhoulde bee at the foreſaide battaile, but that the Erle of Pembroke with Roberte Lorde Clifford, and Henry Lord Percy were ſente before (as ye haue already heard) with an army, by whome as appeareth, this victory was obteyned, Mat. VV[...] 
Met[...] The Ca[...] of Loch[...] takes, [...] Chri[...] Se[...] [...] it.
Nic. T[...] 
He is c[...] [...]ed. at a place called Methfen.

After this, was the Caſtell of Lochdore taken, and within it, Chriſtopher Seiton, that hadde married the ſiſter of Roberte le Bruce: and bycauſe hee was no Scotte but an Engliſhmanne borne, the Kyng commaunded that hee ſhoulde bee ledde vnto Dunfriſe, where hee hadde killed one of the Kyngs Knightes, and there to be hanged, drawen and quartered.

The wife of this Chriſtopher Seiton, he appointed to be kept in y^e Monaſterie of Thixell in Lindſey, and the daughter of Roberte le Bruce, whyche was alſo taken aboute the ſame time, was ſente to the Monaſterie of Waton.

Moreouer,His l[...] giues [...] by the [...] the manor of Seton in Whitebeſtroud, he gaue vnto y^e Lord Edmōd de Manley, and thoſe other lands that belonged vnto the ſaid Chriſtopher Selton in Northūberlande, [...]e lands of [...]bert Bruce [...]en away. [...]e Earle of [...]eford. he gaue vnto y^e Lord Wil. Latimer. The lāds y^t belōged to the new Scottiſh K. he beſtowed in this wiſe, to Hēry Bohun Earle of Hereforde, which hadde maried one of K. Edwards daughters, he gaue y^e Lordſhips of Annādale, [...]d [...]ford. Hert & Hertnes, he gaue vnto y^e Lord Robert Clifford, ſauing alwayes y^e right yet that belonged to the Church of Durhā, Totenham, and Totenhamſhire: & the maner of Wrothell in y^e ſouth parts, he gaue to other noble mē, and y^e Erledome of Carrike which y^e Bruce had holden, as by inheritance frō his mother, the K. gaue to the Lord Hēry Percie, [...]e Lord Hē [...] Percy.
[...]ufe de [...]thermet. the Erledome of Atholl, hee gaue to Raufe de Monthermer Erle of Glouceſter, who had alſo married as before yee haue heard, an other of the kings daughters, after y^e deceſſe of hir firſte huſband Gilbert de Clare Erle of Glouceſter. About y^e feaſt of Saint Michael, the new Scottiſhe K. Robert le Bruce returned forth of y^e Iles (into y^t which he had fled) with many Iriſhmē and Scottes in his cōpany, & remained a certaine time in Kētire, he ſent certaine of his officers, to leuie, & gather vp the rēts of y^e ſerues due at y^e feaſt of S. Martin, for ſuche lands & poſſeſſions as they held in that countrey, wherof the L. Percy being aduertiſed, haſted thither, but y^e new K. cōming vpon him, ſlewe certaine of his mē, toke his horſes & place,The Lorde Percy put to fight, by the Scottiſh king Bruce. with other things, & drout him into a Caſtel, within y^e whiche he beſieged him, till at lēgth, by a power ſente frō K. Edward, Bruce was cōſtreined to depart. The K. in this meane time was came to Laue[...] coſt neere vnto Careleil, & there remained a long time. Frō thence, he ſent his Iuſtices vnto Berwike, where they ſate in iudgement vpon Nigell Bruce, & the other priſoners takē with him,Nigell or Neall Bruce condemned and executed. which wer cōdēned to die, & ſo they wer hanged, drawē & quartered. The Erle of Atholl was conueid to Lōdon, & although he ſued for pardō in reſpect of y^t he was of kinne to y^e K. yet was he hanged vpon a Gibbet higher than all the reſidue, [...] Earle of [...]ll exe [...]. his body burned vnder the ſame Gibbet, and his head firſt cut off, was ſet vpō a pole ouer Lōdon bridge for enſample ſake, y^e traitors ſhuld loke for no pardō.

The elect Archb. of Yorke Wil. Grenefielde, was cōfirmed this yere, by Pope Clemēt y^e fifth, at y^e citie of Lion in France, where y^e ſame Pope was crowned about the ſame time, and held hys court there, liuing chiefly of the money which he got of biſhops that came to him for their cōfirmatiōs: [...]mes [...]o[...]y [...]th the [...] had of Archb. [...]k. he had of y^e ſaid Archb. of Yorke within one yere, nine M. and fiue C. markes, beſides the expences which he was at whileſt he lay there: and ſo whē this Archb. was returned into England, through pouerty, he was driuen to gather money of the perſons, prieſtes, and religious men within his prouince at two ſundry times in one yere, as firſt, in name of a courteſie and gracious beneuolence, and the ſecond time, by way of an ayde.

Moreouer, Pope Clement ordeined Anthony B. of Durhā, Patriarke of Ieruſalem, diſpēſing with him, ſo as he held ſtill y^e biſhopricke of Durham, notwithſtanding this other promotion, and this was, bycauſe the B. was rich,The great reuenewes of Anthony B. of Durham. and the Pope pore. For this B. might diſpend in yeerely reuenewes by purchaſes and inheritances, beſides y^e belonged to his miter aboue fiue M. markes, & he gaue great rewards to the Pope, & to his Cardinals, by meanes whereof, hee obteined in ſute againſt y^e Prior of Durham, ſo y^t hee had y^e charge & ouerſight of the Monaſterie of Durham, both y^e ſpirituall gouernemēt & temporall, through enforming y^e Pope, that the Prior was not able in diſcretion to rule the houſe. At his returning home, he cauſed a Croſſe of ſiluer and gilt, adorned with an Image of the Crucifex, to bee borne afore him. But where hee appointed certayn perſons as his deputies to enter into the Priorie of Durham, and to take charge thereof, in place of the Prior,He is kept out of the Abbey at Durham. the Monkes ſhutte the gates againſt them, appealing to the Pope, and pretending the Kyngs protection which they had purchaſed. But thoſe that thus came in the Biſhops name, accuſed the Monkes, and ſo departed. The King herewith was highly offended, ſo that hee cauſed them to aunſwere the matter, afore the Iuſtices of his benche, and for theyr preſumption in pronouncing the curſe, withoute makyng the Kyng priuie to their doings, they were putte to their fines.He is ſummoned to appere before the K. and refuſeth. And whereas the Byſhoppe was ſummoned to appeare before the King in perſon at a certayne day, hee made defaulte, and departing out of the Realme, gote backe agayne to the Pope, contrary to the Kyngs prohibition: whervppon, the liberties of the Sea of Durham were ſeaſed into the Kinges handes, and the K. placed his Iuſtices and Chauncellor there, and in the yeare nexte enſuing, hee exacted of the tenantes of the Archbiſhopricke, the thirtenth peny of their goodes,The concluſion of the ſtrife betwixt the Biſhop and Monks of Durham. and otherwiſe vexed them with ſundry talages. The concluſion of this matter was this, that the Prior was cited by the Pope, to appeare in his conſiſtory, whether he went, hauing the Kinges letters in his fauoure directed to the Pope, wherevppon, when the Pope had examined the matter, and hearde the Prior ſpeake in his owne perſon, he perceiued him to be otherwiſe than he was enformed (a ſober diſcrete man) and therefore reſtored him againe to the gouernemēt of his houſe, but he remayned in y^e Popes Court, til after the kings deathe, and finally, died there himſelfe, in the yere. 1207. But now to returne to other doings of King Edwarde. We finde, that whileſt hee lay ſtill at Lauercoſt,Bernards Caſtel giuen to the Earle of Warwike. hee gaue to the Earle of Warwike Bernards Caſtel, the which he had by eſcheit, through forfeiture thereof made by Iohn Balliol late K. of Scotlād. He alſo toke and ſeaſed into his hands Penreth with the appurtenances.

An. reg. 35.
1307
A Parliament at Ca[...].In y^e Octaues of S. Hillarie, y^e K. held a Parliamēt at Careleill, in the which, by the peeres of y^e Realm, great cōplaint was made of y^e oppreſſiōs done to Churches, Abbeys & Monaſteries, by reaſon of paimēts lately reiſed and taxed, by one maſter William,William Teſta the Popes Chaplayne, inh[...]o[...]ted to leuie money. or Guilelmo Teſta the Popes Chaplaine. Cōmandement therfore was giuē to y^e ſame Chaplain, y^t from thēceforth he ſhuld not leuy any ſuch paimēts, & for further remedy, meſſengers were made forth vnto y^e Pope, to declare vnto him y^e incōueniēce therof. This Teſta was ſent frō Pope Clemēt into Englād with bulles,Abingdon. in y^e contents whereof it appeared, that the Pope had reſerued to himſelf y^e firſt frutes of one yeares reuenewes of euery benefice that fell void by anye maner of meanes within y^e Realme of England, Scotland, Wales, and Irelād, and likewiſe of al Abbeys, Priories, & Monaſteries. But the King and lords of y^e land, thought it againſt reaſon, y^t the Pope ſhould take & receiue y^e profites of thoſe Abbeys & Monaſteries, which had bin foūded by their predeceſſors, for the ſeruice of God, and the maintenance of almes deedes, & good hoſpitalitie to be kept: & ſo y^e Pope changed his purpoſe, touching Abbeys, but graunting to the K. the tenth of the Engliſh Church for two yeres, he obteined the firſt frutes of y^e ſame Churches for himſelf, as before he required. In y^e ſame Parliament,A [...] [...] gainſt the [...] ligious [...] 
Nic. Tri[...] 
Pe[...] pa[...] d[...]all [...] were ſtatutes made concerning Religious mē, which had their head houſes in foraigne regions. There came alſo at y^e ſame time, a Cardinal frō y^e Pope, named Petrus Hiſpanus, to procure y^e con[...] matiō of y^e mariage, betwixt y^e prince of Wales, & the Frēch kings daughter: for y^e ſame was delayed, by reaſon y^t al couenants were not kept on y^e French kings behalf touching y^e deliuerie of the townes in Gaſcoigne. For wheras in times, paſt,The c[...] his co[...] y^e French K. had giuē one of thoſe Townes that wer takē frō the Engliſhmē named Maule[...], vnto a French knight, he kept y^e ſame ſtil, & woulde not deliuer it now at y^e French kings commaū dement, wherethrough (as was ſaide) the marriage had bin hitherto deferred. Mat. VV[...] 
His [...]o[...] of money religion houſes. The ſame Cardinall by vertue of his bul, would haue had of euery Cathedral Church, Colledge, Abbey, and Priory, twelue markes of ſterling money, & of euery perſon of pariſhe Churches eight pens, of euery marke of his reuenewes. But y^e engliſh Cleargie appealed frō this exaction, ſo y^t by y^e K. & his coū ſell, it was ordeined, y^t he ſhuld haue no more thā in times paſt Cardinal Othobō did receiue, that is to witte, the halfe of this demand. Moreouer, this Cardinal being at Careleill,The Ca[...] preache[...]. & hauing made a ſermon in praiſe of peace, vpon the cōcluſion of mariage betwixt the Prince of Wales and the French Kings daughter, in the ende hee reuelled himſelfe and the other biſhops whiche were preſent, and then with candels light, and cauſing y^e belles to bee roong,He a[...] Robert [...] 
Nic. T[...] they accurſed in terrible wiſe Robert Bruce the vſurper of y^e Crown of Sco[...] land, with al his partakers, aiders, and mainteyners. Neuertheleſſe, Robert Bruce in this mean while ſlept not his buſines, but ranging abroade in the countrey, ſlew many that would not obey him, and ſente foorth his two brethren, Thomas that was a Knighte, and Alexander that was a Prieſt, with part of his army into an other quarter of the countrey, to allure the people vnto hys obedience, partly with gentleneſſe, and partly with menaces. But the Engliſhmen came vpon them in the nighte, and tooke them bothe,Th[...] and [...] Br[...]e [...] ſo that being brought afore the Iuſtices, they were condemned, and therevpon hanged, drawen & quartered. Some write, that Duncan Magdoil,Mat. [...] a mā of great power in Galloway, tooke theſe [...]s brethrē priſoners, togither w^t Reginald Crewforde, on the ninth day of February, as they with certayne other captaines & men of warre came by ſea, & landed in his countrey, vpon whome, beyng ſeuen C. mē, he with three C. or few aboue that number boldly gaue the onſet, and not only tooke the ſaid three perſons priſoners, ſore wounded as they were, with diuers other, but alſo ſlew Malcolme Makaile a Lord of Cantir, and two Iriſh lords,Thomas Bruce [...]cuted. whoſe heads, and the foreſaid priſoners, he preſēted vnto K. Edward, who cauſed Thomas Bruce to be hāged drawen and quartered, but y^e other two were onely hanged, [...]exander [...]e and Re [...]ald Craw [...] executed. and quartered at Careleil, where their heads were ſet vp aloft on y^t Caſtell and gates of y^e Citie. After Eaſter, theyr brother Robert Bruce, calling himſelfe Kyng of Scotlād, & hauing now augmented his army w^t many ſouldiers of y^e out Iles, [...]e Earle of [...]broke put [...]light. fought with y^e Erle of Pembroke, & put him to flight, & ſlewe ſome of his men, though not many. Within a few dayes after, [...]ce beſie [...]h the Baile Glouceſter. he chaſed alſo the Erle of Glouceſter, into y^e caſtel of Aire, & beſieged him within y^e ſame, til an army was ſent frō K. Edward, to the reſkue, for then the ſaid Robert was cōſtreined to flee, [...] is chaſed [...] that fiege. & the Engliſhmē followed, till he got into the wods & mariſhes, wher they might come nere him without manifeſt danger, to caſt thēſelues away. The K. of Englād, minding to make a full cōqueſt of y^e Scots, & not to leaue off, vntill he had wholly ſubdued thē, ſent his cōmiſſions into Englande, cōmanding al thoſe that ought him ſeruice, to be redy at Careleil, within three weekes after Midſomer. He ſent his ſon Edward into England, y^t vpō knowledge had what the French K. did touching y^e agreemēt, he might accordingly proceede in y^e mariage to be made with his daughter. After the prince was departed frō the campe, his father K. Edward was takē with a ſore ſicknes, yet he remoued frō Careleil, wher the ſame ſicknes firſt tooke him, [...]e death of [...]g Edwarde [...] firſte. vnto Bourrough vpō Sand, and there the day after, being the ſeuēth day of Iuly, he ended his life, after hee had raigned 34. yeres, 6. moneths & 2[...]. [...] is buryed [...] VVeſtmin [...]r. days. He liued 68. yeres & 20. days: his body was cōueyed vnto Londō, and in y^e church of Weſtminſter lieth buried. He had iſſue by hys firſte wife Q. Eleanor, 4. ſonnes, Iohn, Henry, Alfonſe & Edward, [...]e iſſue. which Edward ſucceded him y^e other died lōg before their father. Alſo 5. daughters, Eleanor, Ioan, Margaret & Elizabeth, wer beſtowed in mariage as before in this booke is expreſſed. The 5. named Mary, became a Nonne. By his ſeconde wife Q. Margaret, hee had two ſonnes, Thomas of Brotherton, and Edmōd of Wodſtock, with one daughter named Margaret after hir mother. Hee was tall of ſtature, ſomewhat blacke of colour, ſtrong of body, and leane, auoiding groſſeneſſe, [...] ſtatute & [...]e or body with continuall exerciſe, of comely fauor, and gettie eyes, the which when he waxed angrie, would ſuddainely become reddiſh, and ſeme, as though they ſparkled with fire. The heare of his head was black & curled,His qualitie of mynde. he cōtinued for the moſt part in good health of body, and was of a ſtoute ſtomacke, whiche neuer failed him in time of aduerſitie. Moreouer, he had an excellente good wit, for to whatſoeuer he applied his ſtudy, he eaſily atteined to y^t vnderſtāding thereof: wiſe he was & vertuous, an earneſt enimie of the high & preſumptuous inſolencie of Prieſtes,He miſlyked the pride of prelates. the which he iudged to proceede chiefly of too muche wealth and riches: and therefore, hee deuiſed to eſtabliſh the ſtatute of Mortmaine, to be a bridle to theyr inordinate luſtes & riotous exceſſe. He built y^e Abbey of the Vale royall in Cheſhire, he was a conſtāt friend, but if hee once tooke diſpleaſure or hatred againſt any perſon, he woulde not eaſily receiue him into fauour again: whileſt he had anye vacant time frō waighty affaires, he ſpent lightly the ſame in hunting. Towards y^e maintenāce of his warres and other charges,Syluer mynes. beſide the ſubſedies which he leuied of his people and other reuenewes cōming to his cofers, he had great help, by reaſon of the ſiluer mines which in his days were found in Deuonſhire, and occupied greatly to his profite, as in y^e records remaining in the Exchequer, concerning the accomptes and allowances about the ſame, it doth, and may appeare. For in the accompt of maſter Wil. de Wimondham, it is recorded, that betwixte the twelfth day of Auguſt, and y^e laſt of October, in the 22. The ſame VVymondhā receyue[...] alſo receyued 82. poūdes for .36. fouders of lea[...] out of the which the ſiluer was tryed, as appereth by his accompts. yere of thys K. Edwards raigne, there was tried & fyned out at Martinſtow in Deuonſhire by times, ſo much of fined ſiluer, as amounted to the ſumme of 370. poūd weight, y^t which being brought to London, was there refined by certaine finers, that plate might bee forged and made thereof, for the Lady Eleanor Duches of Bar, and daughter to y^e ſaid K. married in y^e yere then laſt paſt, to the Duke of Bar, as before ye haue heard.

In the 23. yeare of his raigne, there was fined at the place aforeſaide 521. Betwixt the x. day of Iuly, & the .xx. day of October the ſame yeare. lb. and ten ſs weight of ſiluer by times, whiche was alſo broughte to London. In y^e 24. yere of his raigne, ther wer taken vp 3[...]7. miners, within the wapentake of the Peake in Derbiſhire, & brought into Deuōſhire, to worke there in thoſe ſiluer mines, as appeareth by y^e allowāce demanded by y^e ſaid maſter Wil. de Wimondhā in his rolle of accomptes, deliuered y^e yere into y^e Exchequer: & there was brought frō thēce to Londō y^e ſame yere of ſiluer fined and caſt in wedges 700. four pound three ſs. one peny weight. In y^e 25. yere of his raigne, ther were thre C. and 84. miners brought again out of the peak[...] into Deuonſhire, and out of Wales there were brought alſo 25. miners, which all were occupyed about thoſe ſiluer mines, beſide others of the ſelfe countrey of Deuonſhire, and other places.

Alſo, Wil. de Aulton clearke, keper of y^e kings mines in Deuonſhire & Cornewall, was accōptant of y^e iſſues and profites of the Kings mines, there, from the fourth of March, Anno 26. of hys raigne, vntill the eighteenth of Aprill Anno 27. and yeelded vp his accompt, both of the ſiluer and leade. But now to coclude with this noble prince K. Edward the firſt, he was ſure not only valiāt, but alſo politike, labouring to bring this deuided Iſle, into one entier Monarchie, which he wente very neere to haue atchieued: for whereas he was fully bente to make a conqueſt of Scotlande, in like caſe as hee had already done of Wales, if hee had liued any lōger time to haue diſpatched Robert le Bruce, that only ſtoode in his way, it was very likely that he ſhould haue found none other to haue reyſed banner agaynſte hym aboute the quarrell or title to the clayme of that Realme. For as hee was a righte warlike Prince of hymſelfe, ſo was hee furniſhed with Captaynes and Souldiers aunſwerable to his deſire, who beyng able to leade and commaunde them of hym ſelfe, hadde them at length obedient ynough to ſerue him, although (as partly yee haue hearde,) ſome of the peeres ſhewed themſelues at tymes diſobedient and ſtubborne, whome yet in the ende, hee tamed well ynough, as the Earles of Hereforde and Northfolke, the whiche in the thirtith yeare of hys raigne, reſigned their Caſtels and manors into his hands, as by the records of the Tower it further may appeare.

Nowe to followe as in other Kinges I haue done heretofore for learned men: theſe I finde to haue flouriſhed in this Kinges dayes, Henry de Henna, a Carmelite Frier: Goodwine, the chantor of the Church of Saliſburie: Adam de Mariſco or Mareis, borne in Sommerſetſhire, an excellente Deuine as hee was reputed in thoſe dayes: Gregory Huntingtō, a Monke of Rameſey, very experte in the tongs: Seuall Archbiſhop of Yorke, a man ſingularly learned and ſtout, in defending the cauſe of his Cleargie againſte the Pope: Haymo de Feuerſham: Peter Swanington: Helias Trickingham: Helias de Eneſham: Radulfe Bocking, borne in Suſſex: Alphred ſurnamed Anglicus, Iames Ciſtercienſis. William of Ware: Robert Oxford: Thomas Docking: Iohn ſurnamed Grammaticus: Robert Dodeforde: but the more part of theſe are rather to bee aſcribed vnto the tyme of Henry the thirde, the father of this Kyng Edwarde, where theſe that followe, are thoughte to flouriſhe in the tyme of Kyng Edwardes raigne, after the deceſſe of hys father Kyng Henry: Thomas Spotte, a Chronographier: Peter de Ickeham a Kentiſhman borne as Bale thinketh: Iohn Beckton, a doctor of both the lawes: William Hanaberg a Carmelite Frier, prouinciall gouernoure of his order heere in Englande: Robert Kilwarby, Byſhop of Caunterburye, and after made a Cardinall, and Biſhop of Portua: Gilbert ſurnamed Magnus, a Monke of the Ciſteaux order: Helias Ros: Walter Recluſe: Hugh de Eueſham: Iohn Euerſden, a writer of Annales, whome I haue partly followed in thys Kyngs life: William Pagham: Henry Eſſeborne: Iohn de Hayde: Roger Bacon, a Franciſcane Frier, an excellent Philoſopher, and lykewiſe, a Mathematician: Iohn Derlingon, a Dominike Frier: Iohn Chelmeſton: Thomas Borſtale, a Northfolke man borne: Gregorie Cairugent, a Monke of Glouceſter, a writer of annales: Gregorie de Bredlington: Thomas Bungey, a Frier Minor, borne in Northfolke, an excellente Mathematicien, prouinciall ruler of hys order heere in Englande, hee flouriſhed in the dayes of Kyng Edwarde the firſt, although there were another of the ſame name that liued in the time of Kyng Edward the thirde: Hugh de Mancheſter a Dominike Frier, and prouinciall gouernour of hys order heere in Englande: Richarde Knapwell a Dominike Frier: Iohn Peckham, borne in the dioceſſe of Chicheſter, a Franciſcane Frier, excellētly learned, as by his workes it appereth, he was aduaunced by Pope Honorius the third, to the Archbiſhops ſee of Canterbury: Thomas de Illey, a Suffolke man borne, and a white or Carmelike Frier in the houſe of Gippeſwiche: Michaell ſurnamed Scotte, but borne in the Biſhopricke of Durham, as Leland hath, an excellent Phiſition, and likewiſe very expert in the Mathematicals: Hugh de Newcaſtell a Frier Minor, profeſſed in the ſame Towne: Thomas Sutton a blacke Frier, that is of the order of S. Dominicke: Iohn Reade, an Hiſtoriographer: William de la Mare a Frier Minor: Thomas Wicke, a Chanon of Oſney in Oxforde: Simon de Gaunt: Wiliam Hothun, prouinciall of the Frier Dominikes in England: Iohn de Hide a Monke of Wincheſter: Roberte Crouche, a cordelier, or a Franciſcane Frier: Richarde Middelton, a Frier Minor, Thomas Spirman a blacke Frier: William Lidlington, a doctor of Diuinitie, and a Carmelike Frier in Stanford: Iohn Fiberie or Beuer, a Monke of Weſtminſter: William Makeleſfield borne in Cheſhire, in a market Towne, whereof he beareth the name, a blacke Frier by profeſſion, and an excellente Philoſopher.