131. — Conscience et volonté. Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" xmlns:org="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#"> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch131.xml?note_annotation_20231018102949772", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-18T14:29:49.772Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-18T14:29:49.772Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "5", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "John Westbrook" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch131.xml?note_annotation_20231018102949772#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch131.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch131.xml?note_annotation_20231018102949772#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[10]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Mort morale. 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préparait le petit déjeuner, <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> parut. Il était pâle, avec les traits tirés. S'arrêtant à deux pas de sa sœur qui, toute frémissante, attendait :</p> <pb type="page" n="460" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_460.jpg"/> <fw>460 SUZETTE.</fw> <p>— Je viens, dit-il à demi-voix, de demander pardon à <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> ; je te demande aussi pardon.</p> <p>Des larmes jaillirent des yeux de <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>. Elle le regarda !</p> <p>—Mais, dit-elle, cela suffit-il ? </p> <p>Il reprit : </p> <p>— Écoute, j'ai fait cette nuit un rêve affreux : j'étais à la place de <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName> ; tu étais à la place de <persName type="fictif" key="ludivine">Ludivine</persName> ; je te frappais, je te tuais... toi !</p> <p>Il se couvrit le visage de ses mains.</p> <p>— Moi, dit-elle, toute la nuit, j'ai vu notre pauvre mère pleurant sur toi.</p> <figure> <caption>Absinthe. Les feuilles d'absinthe sont employées en médeciné pour faire périr les vers intestinaux. La liqueur verte que l'on obtient en faisant macérer dans l'alcool les feuilles d'absinthe est un véritable poisen dont l'usage habituel produit souvent la folie ou une paralysie générale progressive.</caption> </figure> <p>— Ma mère, c'est toi, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ! c'est toi avec ta tendresse malgré toutes mes fautes, toi avec ton cœur inépuisable !... </p> <p>Il s'arrêta comme épouvanté : — Ah ! reprit-il, à quoi a-t-il tenu hier que ce qui s ’est passé dans la maison de <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName> ne se soit pas passé ici ? cela a tenu à un verre d'absinthe que <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName> a bu de plus que moi. J'avais, dans ma griserie, répandu un second verre d'absinthe qu'on venait de me servir. <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName>, lui, avait bu le sien. Maintenant, je le sais, boire de l'absinthe ou de l'eau-de vie, c'est boire de la folie, du meurtre ! c'est boire au moins sa mort morale*<note type="annotation">Mort morale. La destruction de tout ce qu'il y a de bon dans le cœur.</note>.</p> <p>Et après un silence : — Regarde-moi, ma sœur, entends-moi ! — Le visage dur à force de résolution, il leva la main : </p> <p>— Devant toi, comme devant ma mère. je jure de ne plus franchir le seuil d'un cabaret !</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> lui tendit les bras :</p> <p>— Non, dit-il ; quand je l'aurai mérité ; pas avant ! J'ai refusé aussi de prendre la main que me donnait <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName>.</p> <p>— Ah ! <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName>, s'écria <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, maintenant tu es sauvé ! car tu as la conscience et la volonté sans lesquelles une bonne résolution ne compte pas plus que la <pb type="page" n="461" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_461.jpg"/> <fw>CONSCIENCE ET VOLONTE. 461</fw> résistance d'une feuille au vent. La conscience et la volonté sont notre vraie force contre le mal.</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Dans quel état <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> se présenta-t-il le lendemain devant <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— Que dit-il ? </item> <item>— Que raconta-t-il avoir rêvé pendant la nuit ? </item> <item>— Qu'ajouta-t-il pour <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— A quoi avait-il tenu qu'il n'eût imité <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName> ? </item> <item>— Quelle promesse fit-il ? </item> <item>— Pourquoi ne voulut-il pas embrasser <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— Que lui dit cette dernière ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="morale"> <head type="sujets">Morale.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Quelle voix intérieure nous donne l'idée du bien et nous dit ce qui est mal ? </item> <item>— Donnez alors une définition de la conscience.</item> <item>— Citez quelques circonstances où votre conscience vous a donné ces idées.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que faire son devoir ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que le repentir, le remords ? </item> <item>— Quel est le vrai bonheur ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>La conscience est une voix intérieure qui nous donne l'idée du bien et nous fait connaître ce qui est mal. Ses jugements, pour être certains, n'ont pas besoin d'autre témoignage qu'elle-même ; ce qu'elle condamne est mal ; ce qu'elle approuve est bien. Que nous le voulions ou non, elle prononce en nous, pour nous ou contre nous, des arrêts contre lesquels il est impossible de protester.</p> <p>La conscience devient de plus en plus délicate à mesure que l'intelligence se développe ; travaillons donc chaque jour à l'éclairer par la science, à la purifier par le spectacle de nobles actions.</p> <p>(L'élève devra trouver elle-même les circonstances dont il est question.)</p> <p>Faire son devoir, c'est dire ce qui est vrai et faire ce qui est bien ; en d'autres termes, suivre les avis de sa conscience. C'est une règle dont rien ne peut nous affranchir, parce qu'elle n'est pas du fait de l'homme ou de notre volonté propre. On doit obéir au devoir parce qu'il est le devoir.</p> <p>« C'est le devoir seul qui peut tenir en paix et en union des hommes « vivant en société, se rencontrant à chaque pas, se touchant sur « chaque point, parce que seul il peut régler leurs mouvements, de « manière à ce qu'ils ne se heurtent jamais : il ne leur permet de « s'approcher que pour s'unir et se secourir. » (<persName type="historique">Mme GUIZOT</persName>.)</p> <p>Le repentir est un regret sincère d'avoir fait ou de n'avoir pas fait quelque chose ; généralement il s'applique aux fautes commises. Pour que le repentir ait quelque mérite, il doit se produire lorsqu’on peut réparer le mal que l'on a commis. « Les pleurs du dernier soupir, a « écrit <persName key="François-Auguste-René de Chateaubriand" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q49767">Chateaubriand</persName>, ne rachêtent personne ; ils ne mouillent que la « poitrine et ne tombent pas sur la conscience. »</p> <p>Le remords est un reproche violent que le coupable reçoit de sa conscience. « Comme la vertu a ses jouissances, le crime aussi a ses « douleurs. La souffrance qui suit la faute, est la juste rançon du plai« sir que nous y avons trouvé, et elle nait souvent avec lui. Elle em« poisonne les joies coupables et les succès qui ne sont pas légitimes. « Elle blesse, elle mord, pour ainsi dire, et c'est de là que lui vient « son nom. Cette souffrance, il suffit d'être homme pour l'avoir connue : « c'est le remords. » (<persName key="Victor Cousin" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q434346">COUSIN</persName>.)</p> <p>Le vrai bonheur est la félicité que donne une conscience qui n'a rien à se reprocher.</p> </div> </div> <div type="composition"> <head type="sujets">Composition.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Exposez quelle est, selon vous, la meilleure manière de ramener au devoir celle qui s'en écarte.</item> <item>— Inspirez-vous de la manière dont <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> agit pour atteindre ce but.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>(La lecture attentive des leçons 130 et 131 suggérera à l'élève le plan du devoir.)</p> </div> </div> <fw type="footer"><fw type="sig">26.</fw></fw> <pb type="page" n="462" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_462.jpg"/> <fw>462 SUZETTE.</fw> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head type="sujets">Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qu'est-ce que la plante appelée absinthe et où croit-elle ? </item> <item>— A quoi servent ses feuilles ? </item> <item>— Quel est l'aspect de la liqueur qui porte ce nom ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>L'absinthe, plante à fleur composée, très amère et aromatique, croit dans les pays montagneux ; la Suisse et le Jura la produisent en abondance.</p> <p>On en compose une liqueur de table en faisant infuser ses feuilles dans de l'eau-de-vie. Cette liqueur, de couleur verte, a une action violente sur l'estomac et excite l'appétit ; par cela même, elle engage à en faire un usage immodéré.</p> </div> </div> <figure> <caption><placeName key="Château de Blois" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4055">Château de Blois</placeName> ; château historique où se tinrent les Etats généraux de 1570 et de 1588 et où le <persName key="Henry I of Lorraine, duke of Guise" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q313700">duc de Guise</persName> fut assassiné par ordre de <persName key="Henry III of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q53448">Henri Ill</persName>.</caption> </figure> <div type="hygiène"> <head type="sujets">Hygiène.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Quelle liqueur a les plus dangereux effets sur la raison et la santé ? </item> <item>— Que diriez-vous à une personne de votre famille pour la détourner de l'habitude de boire de l'absinthe ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Il n'y a pas d'habitude plus pernicieuse pour la santé que celle de l'absinthe ; elle occasionne des maladies graves dont l'une des formes est l'épilepsie, puis viennent la folie et la mort. Le malheureux qui s'abandonne à cette fatale passion a, sous l'influence de l'ivresse particulière que produit l'absinthe, des accès de délire furieux où il attente à la vie des autres et à la sienne. Ce n'est plus la brute imbécile comme dans l'ivresse causée par le vin, c'est une bête furleuse que rien n'arrête.</p> <pb type="page" n="463" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_463.jpg"/> <fw>UNE ARRIVÉE. 463</fw> <p>Les eaux-de-vie de pomme de terre et de grain produisent également de désastreuses conséquences lorsqu’on en use habituellement. On ne saurait dire avec quelle rapidité elles désorganisent les tissus de l'estomac et amenent l'abolition des facultés intellectuelles par leur action fatale sur les nerfs et le cerveau.</p> <p>Répétons-le sans cesse dans les familles, aujourd'hui surtout que le commerce des liqueurs frelatées a pris une si grande extension.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
130. — Terrible scène. 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Le village comptait près de deux cent cinquante maisons, dont quinze portaient enseigne. Les belles plaines onduleuses qui lui font une riante ceinture, la douceur salutaire*<note type="annotation">Salutaire. Utile, avantageux pour la conservation de la vie.</note> d'une promenade en famille, les petits jouant, courant, cueillant des fleurettes sous les yeux du père et de la mère, rien ne valait l'attrait de ces quinze cabarets.</p> <p>Ces hommes de <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName>, braves ouvriers tisseurs, eussent été irréprochables si la semaine avait eu six jours seulement. Mais il y avait le septième, le dimanche. Ce jour-là, ils s'habillaient de leurs plus beaux habits, prenaient en poche quelque vingt, trente sous, de ces sous dont la ménagère, la mère, quand on les lui <fw type="footer">(1) On emploie un filtre formé d'un sac conique d'étoffe. On le suspend par plusieurs attaches de ruban de fil à un cercle de jonc, suspendu lui-mème par un clou à un anneau au moyen de trois cordes. L'étoffe sera ou de la flanelle, ou du drap, ou du molleton et même du feutre.</fw> <pb type="page" n="457" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_457.jpg"/> <fw>TERRIBLE SCÈNE. 457</fw> laisse, sait tirer un peu de bien-être, de propreté, de gâterie même. Et les voilà partis du côté de l'eau-de-vie.</p> <p>Restées à la maison, les femmes, les mères n'y mènent pas grand bruit. Quelques-unes, le soir venu, à l'heure du souper, se hasardent à aller guetter, à travers un écartement de rideau, où en est le fils, le mari. Des soupirs, des plaintes s'échappent de leur bouche ; parfois les pauvres femmes ont avec elles de petits enfants qui pleurent...</p> <p>Ce soir-là, tremblante, <figure> <caption>Fabrication de l'alcool. L'eau-de-vie est une liqueur spiritueuse qu'on obtient par la distillation. L'appareil qui sert à distiller s'appelle un alambic. Ou met dans la marmite, les produits à distiller. On chauffe, et les vapeurs qui s'élèvent de la marmite, traversent le serpentin qui est plongé dans un vase rempli d'eau froide ; elles s'y refroidissent pour passer ensuite à l'état liquide.</caption> </figure> honteuse, le cœur déchiré, la pauvre <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> fait comme elles. De fenêtre en fenêtre, elle glisse le long des cabarets ; <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName>, qui l'accompagne, y fait un pas sur le seuil pour tâcher de voir dans la fumée des pipes.</p> <p>Il a le cœur gros aussi, le brave enfant. Il essaie rassurer sa sœur. Dans leur triste promenade, ils passent devant le cimetière.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charles</persName>, lui dit doucement <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> dans un sanglot, si la pauvre maman nous voit, nous entend, elle doit bien pleurer ! </p> <p>Ils regagnaient la ferme, quand des cris : Au secours ! se font entendre du côté de la maison de <persName type="fictif" key="ludivine">Ludivine</persName>.</p> <p>Ils y courent. Et là, quel spectacle ! La grande pièce. était jonchée de débris de vaisselle. De toute sa force, <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName>, furieux d'ivresse, horrible à voir, jetait les dernières assiettes dont l'une venait de frapper sa mère au front.</p> <p>Le vieux père <persName type="fictif" key="benoît">Benoît</persName>, <persName type="fictif" key="lisa">Lisa</persName> s'efforçaient en vain de le contenir. <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName>, d'autres voisins accourus, purent enfin s'en rendre maîtres.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="ludivine">Ludivine</persName> repoussa <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> qui voulait lui bassiner*<note type="annotation">Bassiner. Laver avec une linge mouillé.</note> le front avec de l'eau et parlait d'arnica.</p> <fw type="footer">SUZETTE (Maitresse). <fw type="sig">26</fw></fw> <pb type="page" n="458" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_458.jpg"/> <fw>458 SUZETTE.</fw> <p>— Va, j'ai mieux que ça, merci, dit-elle aigrement. Pars avec ton frère qui a emmené mon <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName> aux Trois Agaces ! </p> <p>Les pupilles dilatées, paraissant ne rien voir, <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> s'accotait au mur. Sans répondre à <persName type="fictif" key="ludivine">Ludivine</persName>, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> le prit par un bras ; <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> le prit par l'autre et ils sortirent.</p> <p>A la maison non plus, il n'y eut pas une parole d'échangée. Le visage de <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> semblait changé en pierre. Sans chapeau, — il l'avait perdu en route — les cheveux collés aux tempes, les vêtements en désordre il donnait un spectacle navrant.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> le mit au lit et, après un quart d'heure, revint dire à <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, qui s'apprêtait à veiller : </p> <p>— Il dort. Tu peux aller te reposer.</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Que fit et dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>, une fois la lecture achevée ? </item> <item>— Quel aspect présentait le village ? </item> <item>— Comment les tisseurs de <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName> employaient-ils la journée du dimanche ? </item> <item>— Que faisaient les femmes et les mères pendant ce temps ? </item> <item>— Où allait, ce soir-là, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> avec <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> ? </item> <item>— Quelle pensée vint à leur cœur en passant près du cimetière ? </item> <item>— Que virent-ils en passant devant la maison de <persName type="fictif" key="ludivine">Ludivine</persName> ? </item> <item>— Qui s'efforçait de contenir <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName> ? </item> <item>— Que répondit <persName type="fictif" key="ludivine">Ludivine</persName> à <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> lui proposant de la panser ? </item> <item>— Dans quel état ramena-t-on <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> à la maison ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="morale"> <head type="sujets">Morale.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— L'IVROGNERIE.</item> <item>— Quand dit-on qu'un homme est un ivrogne ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui donne cette funeste passion ? </item> <item>— Comment peut-on retenir un homme à la maison le dimanche ? </item> <item>— Qu'y a-t-il de plus hideux qu'un homme ivre ? </item> <item>— Réflexions et résolutions.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Un ivrogne est un homme qui a contracté l'habitude de boire avec excès ; la même désignation s'applique également aux malheureuses femmes tombées dans ce vice repoussant. Une pareille qualification est une tache honteuse.</p> <p>On devient ivrogne lorsqu’on ne se plaît pas chez soi et qu'on ne sait comment occuper ses loisirs ; alors le cabaret tente ; on sait y trouver joyeuse compagnie, et l'on s'y rend. D'abord on boit et l'on fume modérément ; mais bientôt le penchant devient plus vif ; on consomme davantage, et plus on absorbe de liqueurs, plus le besoin de la soif augmente. Alors la tête s’alourdit, les jambes vacillent, la raison s'obscurcit et la langue peut à peine formuler les paroles que profère l'ivrogne. Le voici dehors, chancelant, abruti, ne regagnant qu'avec peine sa demeure et au prix de chutes répétées sur le grand chemin. Il entre, et tombe ou plutôt s'affaisse sur un siège ; puis, témoin du dégoût qu'il inspire, la fureur l'anime ; il crie, il profère d'odieuses menaces, frappe lâchement sa femme et ses enfants ; enfin, se jetant sur le lit, il s'endort d'un ignoble sommeil pendant que les siens pleurent.</p> <p>Souvent une femme peut empécher son mari de s'installer le dimanche au cabaret en lui donnant le spectacle d'un intérieur bien tenu joint au plaisir de prendre part à des repas préparés avec soin.</p> <p>Elle réussira encore mieux si elle montre de l'ordre, si elle écono-<pb type="page" n="459" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_459.jpg"/> <fw>CONSCIENCE ET VOLONTE. 459</fw> mise et fait entrevoir pour l'avenir la possibilité d'assurer leur vieillesse contre les suites de l'affaiblissement des forces et les conséquences de la maladie ou du chômage. Bien des maris vont au cabaret parce que leur femme est malpropre, négligente, acariâtre, brusque avec les enfants, et qu'elle n'a nul souci de se rendre agréable son intérieur.</p> <p>Il n'y a rien de plus hideux qu'un homme ivre ; le seul spectacle de cet être abruti et dégoûtant est bien fait pour guérir à jamais la jeunesse d'un vice aussi dégradant.</p> </div> </div> <div type="industrie"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— L'ALAMBIC.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui peut altérer l'eau ? </item> <item>— Comment peut-on obtenir de l'eau très pure avec l'alambie ? (En l'expliquant, nommer les pièces de cet appareil.)</item> <item>— Indiquez des liquides et des fruits qu'on soumet à la distillation.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>En traversant certaines couches du sol, l'eau y dissout des substances qui l'altèrent et lui communiquent un goût désagréable. Ainsi, en <placeName key="French Algeria" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q218272">Algérie</placeName>, on trouve des puits dont l'eau est salée et amère. On obtient dans ce cas de l'eau pure en procédant par la distillation ; à cet effet, on place sur un foyer un cylindre contenant l'eau à distiller ; par l'action du feu, cette eau se change en vapeurs qui se rendent sous un couvercle nommé chapiteau, et de là en un tuyau de cuivre qui serpente dans un tonneau d’eau froide. Les vapeurs s'y condensent et l'eau ainsi obtenue tombe goutte à goutte dans un vase à ce destiné. Il n'y a plus qu'à la laisser refroidir et à l'agiter violemment afin d'y faire pénétrer de l'air ; elle sera alors propre à nous désaltérer et à tous les usages domestiques.</p> <p>On distille non seulement de l'eau, mais encore, comme nous l'avons déjà fait connaître, du vin, des fruits, du marc de raisin, etc.</p> </div> </div> <div type="hygiène"> <head type="sujets">Hygiène.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Quels soins réclame le malheureux en état d'ivresse ? </item> <item>— Quelles sont, pour la santé, les suites des habitudes de boisson ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Il faut traiter l'ivrogne comme un malade, le placer dans un lieu où l'air soit pur et frais, le débarrasser promptement des vêtements qui exercent sur lui une compression, notamment au cou. On l'abritera soigneusement contre le froid, qui peut amener une congestion.</p> <p>Le premier degré d'ivresse cède à quelques tasses de café ou de thé léger, à une potion composée d'un demi-verre d’eau et de dix à douze gouttes d'ammoniaque. Dans le deuxième degré, on cherche à débarrasser l'estomac des liquides qui le surchargent, et l'on donne une potion dans laquelle on mêle jusqu'à 40 gouttes d'ammoniaque.</p> <p>(Voir la leçon précédente pour la seconde question.)</p> </div> </div> <div type="économie_domestique"> <head type="sujets">Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Supposons qu'un ouvrier dépense par dimanche 1 fr. 50 au cabaret ; combien pourrait-il, avec l'argent dont il dispose ainsi, acheter par an de kilogrammes de pain à 0 fr. 36 ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <lg> <l>Dépense annuelle... = 1 fr. 50 X 52 = 78 fr.</l> <l>Prix du kilogramme de pain......... = 0 fr. 36.</l> <l>Quantité de pain qu'on peut acheter avec 78 fr. = 78 = 216 kilogr.</l> <l>—</l> <l>0,36</l> </lg> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
129. — Le Galibis. Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" xmlns:org="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#"> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch129.xml?note_annotation_20231018101101281", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-18T14:11:01.281Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-18T14:11:01.281Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "5", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "John Westbrook" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch129.xml?note_annotation_20231018101101281#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch129.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch129.xml?note_annotation_20231018101101281#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[2]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Tribu.\n Petit peuple ; 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facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_452.jpg"/> <head>129. — Le Galibis. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>On ne sait pour quelle cause, un homme de la race rouge, un Galibis, traversait par un beau dimanche une bourgade de <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName>.</p> <p>Il était d'une de ces lointaines et rares tribus*<note type="annotation">Tribu. Petit peuple ; réunion de familles sauvages.</note> de l'<placeName key="Americas" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q828">Amérique</placeName> qui ne connaissent encore, pour étancher leur soif, que l'<objectName>ea<objectName/>u</objectName> du ciel et des <objectName>sources</objectName>.</p> <p>— Qu'est-ce donc, demanda-t-il, que ces maisons sur lesquelles je vois d'agréables devises et de plaisants tableaux ? </p> <pb type="page" n="453" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_453.jpg"/> <p>— Ce sont, lui répondit-on, les <objectName>cabarets</objectName> où l'on s'assemble pour boire.</p> <p>En ce moment les <objectName>cabarets</objectName> étaient bondés ; on y buvait, criait à tue-tête.</p> <p>— Mais, reprit le Galibis, quelle est donc la cause de la grande soif de ce pays ? Il n'y fait pourtant pas si chaud.</p> <p>On lui apprit qu'en ce pays-là l'usage était de boire sans soif, des <objectName>liqueurs</objectName> de toute sorte et qui coûtaient cher.</p> <p>— Et aux frais de qui boit-on ainsi sans soif, s'il vous plait ?</p> <p>— Mais aux frais des <roleName>buveurs</roleName>, qui y dépensent gros.</p> <p>— Vous auriez dû m'avertir tout de suite, dit le sauvage, que je suis ici en pays de millionnaires ne sachant que faire de leur argent. Si je n'aimais ma tribu, je m'établirais volontiers dans votre riche village.</p> <p>Vinrent à passer des loqueteux*<note type="annotation">Loqueteux. Gens pauvrement vêtus.</note>, et des enfants aux joues creuses n'ayant contre le froid que de pauvres haillons. Ils mendiaient.</p> <p>— Ah ! reprit le Galibis, ceux-ci viennent probablement de loin, d'une contrée misérable.</p> <p>On lui dit que c'étaient les vieux parents, les femmes, les enfants des <roleName>buveurs</roleName> qu'il voyait là rassemblés, et que ces <roleName>buveurs</roleName>, au lieu de millions, n'avaient que leur travail pour vivre. Leur maigre salaire, la pièce de monnaie lentement, péniblement gagnée en six jours, le <objectName>pa<objectName/>in</objectName> de la famille, la paix, la dignité du foyer, se noyaient ainsi dans les <objectName>verres</objectName>.</p> <p>Une bataille qui s'éleva entre des <roleName>ivrognes</roleName> interrompit l'explication. Les <objectName>bouteilles</objectName> volèrent, les bouches hurlèrent, le sang coula.</p> <p>Le Galibis leva les mains au ciel : </p> <p>— Mais quel est, s'écria-t-il, quel est le despote*<note type="annotation">Despote. Souverain qui gouverne sans aucun contrôle.</note> abominable qui condamne ainsi ces malheureux à la dégradation de leur humanité et de leur santé ?</p> <figure> <caption>Un Galibis.</caption> </figure> <pb type="page" n="454" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_454.jpg"/> <p>Aucun despote. Ils étaient libres. De leur plein gré, ils couraient à cette misère, à cette honte.</p> <p>Alors le sauvage secoua la poussière de ses pieds et partit en disant : </p> <p>— Les animaux n'ont pas l'entendement qui a été donné à ceux-ci ; mais j'aimerais mieux faire ma compagnie des bêtes des bois que de pareils hommes !</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'un Galibis ? </item> <item>— D'où venait-il ? </item> <item>— Quelle question fit-il en traversant une bourgade ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que faisaient les gens dans les <objectName>cabarets</objectName> ? </item> <item>— Que demanda le Galibis à propos de la soif de ces gens ? </item> <item>— Que pensait-il de la richesse du pays à la vue de tant de gens au <objectName>cabaret</objectName> ? </item> <item>— Qu'étaient les loqueteux et les enfants qui mendiaient autour des <objectName>cabarets</objectName> ? </item> <item>— A quoi les chefs de famille emploient-ils souvent le meilleur de leur gain ? </item> <item>— Quel hideux spectacle vit-on dans le cabaret ? </item> <item>— Quelle exclamation fit le sauvage ? </item> <item>— Que lui apprit-on ? </item> <item>— Que dit-il en partant ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="industrie"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— LES <objectName>BOISSONS</objectName>. </item> <item>— LE <objectName>VIN</objectName> : Donnez une idée de la récolte du <objectName>raisin</objectName>, de la fabrication du <objectName>vin</objectName>, de la fermentation qu'il subit et des <objectName>fûts</objectName> où on le place. </item> <item>— <objectName>EAU-DE-VIE</objectName> : Avec quoi fabrique-t-on cette <objectName>liqueur</objectName> ? </item> <item>— Quelle sensation produit-elle quand on l'absorbe ? </item> <item>— Citez les <objectName>pays vignobles</objectName> de France.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>On récolte le <objectName>raisin</objectName> en <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName> vers la fin de septembre et pendant la première quinzaine d'octobre ; cette époque de l'année s'appelle la vendange, et c'en est une des plus joyeuses.</p> <p>Au jour fixé, les <roleName>vendangeurs</roleName>, armés de <objectName>serpettes</objectName>, se rendent dans la <objectName>vigne</objectName> ; ils coupent les <objectName>grappes</objectName> qu'ils déposent à mesure dans de larges <objectName>paniers d'osier</objectName> dont le contenu est recueilli par des <roleName>ouvriers</roleName> portant des <objectName>hottes</objectName>.</p> <p>Les <objectName>hottes</objectName> sont vidées dans des <objectName>tonneaux</objectName> ou des <objectName>cuves</objectName> qu'on transporte au <objectName>pressoir</objectName>. S'il s'agit de faire du <objectName>vin blanc</objectName>, le <objectName>raisin</objectName> de la récolte est immédiatement écrasé, et le <objectName>liquide</objectName> qui en résulte versé dans des <objectName>fûts</objectName> neufs de chêne. Il y commence et achève sa fermentation, durant laquelle les impuretés du <objectName>vin</objectName> s'échappent par la <objectName>bonde</objectName>. On soutire ensuite, et l'on ferme avec soin les <objectName>fûts</objectName>.</p> <p>Si l'on entend fabriquer du <objectName>vin rouge</objectName>, on laisse les <objectName>raisins</objectName> fermenter dans de grandes <objectName>cuves</objectName>, où on les foule quotidiennement à diverses reprises. Au bout de huit à neuf jours, on soutire le <objectName>liquide</objectName>, qui s'est rendu à la partie inférieure des <objectName>cuves</objectName> ; c'est du <objectName>vin de première qualité</objectName>, qu'on traite comme le <objectName>vin blanc</objectName>. Les <objectName>grappes</objectName> restantes sont portées au <objectName>pressoir</objectName> et on les y écrase ; un <objectName>vin de deuxième qualité</objectName> est ainsi obtenu.</p> <p>L'<term><objectName>eau-de-vie</objectName></term> est le produit de la distillation du <objectName>vin</objectName>, du <objectName>marc de raisin</objectName> ou de <objectName>fruits</objectName> sucrés, tels que les <objectName>cerises</objectName>, les <objectName>prunes</objectName>. C'est un <objectName>liquide</objectName> incolore, de saveur chaude et même brûlante. La plus renommée est celle qui provient de la ville et des environs de <placeName key="Cognac" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q285">Cognac</placeName>. Le <term><objectName>rhum</objectName></term> se tire du <objectName>jus des cannes à sucre</objectName> ; le <term><objectName>kirsch</objectName></term>, des <objectName>cerises amères</objectName> écrasées avec leurs <objectName>noyaux</objectName> ; le <term><objectName>marasquin</objectName></term>, des <objectName>pêches</objectName> et des <objectName>prunes</objectName>. Les Chinois font de l'<objectName>eau-de-vie de riz</objectName>.</p> <p>Les principaux <objectName>pays vignobles</objectName> de France sont : la <placeName key="Champagne" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2428809">Champagne</placeName>, la vallée de la <placeName key="Meuse" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q41986">Meuse</placeName> et celle de la <placeName key="Moselle" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1667">Moselle</placeName>, la <placeName><placeName key="Burgundy" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1173">Bourgogne</placeName></placeName>, la <placeName><placeName key="Franche-Comté" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q16394">Franche-<pb type="page" n="455" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_455.jpg"/> Comté</placeName></placeName>, l'<placeName key="Orléanais" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1425908">Orléanais</placeName>, la vallée de la <placeName key="Loire" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1469">Loire</placeName>, l'<placeName key="Auvergne" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1152">Auvergne</placeName>, la <placeName key="Gascony" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q191085">Gascogne</placeName> et notamment le <placeName key="Bordelais" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q428654">Bordelais</placeName>, les <placeName key="Charentes" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2957714">Charentes</placeName>, la région du <placeName key="Languedoc" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q206221">Languedoc</placeName> baignée par la <placeName key="Mediterranean Sea" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4918">Méditerranée</placeName>, et enfin la vallée du <placeName key="Rhône" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q602">Rhône</placeName>.</p> </div> </div> <div type="agriculture"> <head type="sujets">Agriculture.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Décrire un <objectName>cep de vigne</objectName>, les <objectName>rameaux</objectName> ou <objectName>sarments</objectName>, les <objectName>bourgeons</objectName>, les <objectName>fleurs</objectName>, les <objectName>feuilles</objectName>.</item> <item>— Détails sur les <objectName>raisins</objectName> et leurs variétés.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que le <objectName>chasselas</objectName> ? Qualités de ce <objectName>raisin</objectName>.</item> <item>— Où obtient-on les meilleurs <objectName>chasselas</objectName> ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Un <objectName>cep</objectName> ou <objectName>pied de vigne</objectName> est un <objectName>arbrisseau</objectName> à <objectName>tige</objectName> noueuse, ordinairement tortue où il pousse des <objectName>rameaux</objectName> grimpants, longs et flexibles appelés <objectName>sarments</objectName>. La <objectName>vigne</objectName> porte des <objectName>feuilles</objectName> découpées et des <objectName>rameaux</objectName> appelés <objectName>vrilles</objectName> ; les <objectName>fleurs</objectName> sont nombreuses, d'une odeur suave, disposées en <objectName>grappes</objectName> qui se transforment en <objectName>raisins</objectName>.</p> <p>Ce <objectName>végétal</objectName> croit avec rapidité, et de ses <objectName>bourgeons</objectName> délicats naissent des <objectName>tiges</objectName> et des <objectName>branches</objectName> qui grimpent jusqu'au sommet des plus grands <objectName>arbres</objectName>. Sa culture et la préparation du vin remontent à l'antiquité la plus reculée ; ce sont les Phéniciens qui l'apportèrent sur les côtes d'<placeName key="Spain" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q29">Espagne</placeName> et de <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName>.</p> <p>Il y a d'innombrables variétés de <objectName>raisins</objectName>. En <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName>, on distingue d'abord les <term><objectName>raisins blancs</objectName></term> et les <term><objectName>raisins noirs</objectName></term>, et, parmi les variétés ou cépages : le <term><objectName>chasselas</objectName></term> et le <term><objectName>muscat</objectName></term>, qui sont pour la table, — le <term><objectName>pineau</objectName></term>, le <term><objectName>gamay</objectName></term>, le <term><objectName>verreau</objectName></term>, le <term><objectName>gouais</objectName></term>, qui donnent des <objectName>vins</objectName> de différentes qualités.</p> <p>Le <objectName>chasselas</objectName> est un beau <objectName>raisin blanc</objectName> qui atteint de grandes dimensions et dont les <objectName>grains</objectName> se colorent d'un blond doré sous l'influence du soleil. Il est sucré et parfumé. L'espèce la plus estimée se récolte dans les environs de <placeName key="Fontainebleau" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q182872">Fontainebleau</placeName>, à <placeName key="Thomery" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q899588">Thomery</placeName> principalement.</p> </div> </div> <div type="hygiène"> <head type="sujets">Hygiène.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Quel est le résultat de l'abus des <objectName>boissons</objectName> au point de vue de la santé, de la durée de la vie ? Son influence fatale sur l'esprit, la raison et le caractère.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Si les <objectName>boissons alcooliques</objectName> prises en quantité modérée et convenablement étendues d'<objectName>eau</objectName> sont saines et produisent une action favorable sur notre organisme tout entier qu'elles réchauffent et stimulent, leur abus trouble les fonctions de l'estomac, surexcite les nerfs et amène le tremblement des membres ; il provoque enfin des congestions presque toujours mortelles.</p> <p>L'abus des <objectName>boissons alcooliques</objectName> a les plus déplorables effets sur l'homme au point de vue moral et intellectuel. « Il tarit les sources de <l>« l'intelligence, brise, anéantit la volonté, et amène rapidement avec </l> <l>« la paresse, sa compagne obligée, la misère. Il porte les plus rudes </l> <l>« atteintes à la raison, et quand elle ne succombe pas complètement, </l> <l>« le sens moral est perverti au point de ne plus laisser subsister la </l> <l>« notion du bien et du mal : état d'abrutissement qui mène au crime </l> <l>« et au suicide.</l></p> <p><l>« Le mal produit par la passion de l'ivrognerie n'atteint pas seule-</l> <l>« ment le malheureux qui en est la victime honteuse ; l'altération des </l> <l>« facultés de l'intelligence et du cœur, la folie, les penchants vicieux </l> <l>« et coupables, se transmettent aux enfants, et assurent à la famille,</l> <l>« comme au pays, d'indignes soutiens et une population nombreuse </l> <l>« pour les hôpitaux et les bagnes. » (D'après le <persName key="Aimé Riant" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q109854455">Dr RIANT</persName>.)</l></p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="économie_domestique" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujeco_129"> <head type="sujets">Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qu'entend-on par <objectName>liqueurs de ménage</objectName> ? </item> <item>— Comment fabriqueriez-vous un litre de <objectName>cassis</objectName>, de <objectName>brou de noix</objectName>, de <objectName>ratafia</objectName> ? </item> <item>— Prix de revient de ces <objectName>liqueurs</objectName>.</item> </list> </div> <pb type="page" n="456" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_456.jpg"/> <div type="réponses"> <p>On entend par <term><objectName>liqueurs de ménage</objectName></term> celles dont la fabrication très simple ne nécessite rien autre chose que les matières dont on use pour la <objectName>nourriture</objectName> ordinaire. Elles reviennent beaucoup moins cher que les autres.</p> <p><objectName>CASSIS</objectName>. — Égrenez et écrasez un kilogramme et demi de <objectName>grains de cassis</objectName> très mûrs ; mettez-les dans une <objectName>cruche</objectName> avec 4 litres et demi d'<objectName>eau-de-vie blanche ordinaire</objectName> à 52°, 250 grammes de <objectName>framboises</objectName>, deux <objectName>clous de girofle</objectName> et 4 grammes de <objectName>cannelle</objectName>. Au bout de deux mois, tirez la <objectName>liqueur</objectName> et pressez les <objectName>grains</objectName> ; remettez le <objectName>jus</objectName> dans un vase avec un kilogramme de <objectName>sucre</objectName> et filtrez (1).</p> <p><objectName>BROU DE NOIX</objectName>. — Prenez 80 <objectName>noix</objectName> un peu grosses, mais assez peu formées pour qu'une <objectName>épingle</objectName> puisse passer à travers ; pilez-les et faites-les infuser deux mois dans 4 litres d'<objectName>eau-de-vie</objectName>. Égouttez-les dans un <objectName>tamis</objectName> ; mettez dans cette <objectName>liqueur</objectName> 1 kilogramme de <objectName>sucre</objectName> ; laissez reposer encore trois mois et filtrez.</p> <p><objectName>RATAFIA DE FRAMBOISES</objectName>. — Faites fondre un kilogramme de <objectName>sucre</objectName> dans le <objectName>jus</objectName> de 600 grammes de <objectName>framboises</objectName>, 125 grammes de <objectName>cerises</objectName> et 4 litres d'<objectName>eau-de-vie</objectName> ; pressez et filtrez.</p> <p>(On établira le prix de revient du litre de chacune de ces <objectName>liqueurs</objectName> en calculant, proportionnellement à la quantité employée, ce que coûtent séparément les matières qui les composent.)</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
127. Vingt sous ! Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" 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Vingt sous ! </head> <div type="récit"> <p>C'était dimanche. Le mariage de <persName type="fictif" key="louis">Louis</persName> avait eu lieu la veille.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName>, pris depuis quelque temps d'une studieuse passion pour la botanique*<note type="annotation">Botanique. Science qui a pour objet l'étude des plantes.</note>, bonne passion, aussi pleine de plaisir que d'enseignement, furetait aux environs. Il recherchait pour son herbier*<note type="annotation">Herbier. Sorte de livre dans lequel on conserve des spécimens de de plantes.</note> la stramoine et la belladone, deux empoisonneuses, devenues rares heureusement aux abords de <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName> et des lieux cultivés. Car la première se plait surtout dans les décombres <pb type="page" n="446" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_446.jpg"/> <fw>446 SUZETTE.</fw> et la belladone se cache au fond des bois humides pour tendre aux enfants son joli fruit mortel.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> avait prévenu <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> de sa promenade.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> n'en avait pas fait autant. Et elle s'inquiétait de lui, quand il arriva par le jardin.</p> <figure> <caption>Stramoine.</caption> </figure> <figure> <caption>Belladone.</caption> </figure> <figure> <caption>Ce sont deux poisons très violents : la belladone surtout, dont le fruit, qui ressemble aux cerises, attire les enfants, qu'on ne saurait trop mettre en garde contre ce dangereux poison ; en cas d'ingestion, on doit le combattre par un énergique vomitif et faire venir immédiatement un médecin.</caption> </figure> <p>—D'où viens-tu ? </p> <p>—De chez <persName type="fictif" key="ludivine">Ludivine</persName>.</p> <p>— Avant de partir, papa t'a invité à n'y pas aller trop souvent ; <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName> ne lui plaît pas, du reste.</p> <p>— Bon, je n'irai nulle part ; je me ferai ermite, là dans ce coin de la cour, le nez au mur.</p> <p>— Voyons, ne raille pas.</p> <p>— Et toi, continue de me traiter en marmot. Ses parents n'en usent pas ainsi avec <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName>.</p> <p>— En effet, <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName> a une pipe, une blague à tabac ; il porte de côté sur l'oreille une casquette trop petite ; il a une blouse de toile bleue, raide et brillante comme zinc, au col bien ouvert pour laisser voir un gros nœud de cravate groseille ; il marche d'un air bien dégingandé, les pouces dans les entournures ; il imite de loin M. <persName type="fictif">Florentin Lejoly</persName>. Et c'est là un fameux garçon à singer, n'est-ce pas, monsieur <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> ? </p> <figure> <caption>Plant de tabac. Les feuilles de cette plante, originaire de l'Amérique, sont séchées, puis roulées ou réduites en poudre.</caption> </figure> <pb type="page" n="447" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_447.jpg"/> <fw>VINGT SOUS ! 447</fw> <p>Ce portrait de son ami <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName> était si ressemblant que <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> ne put s'empécher de sourire ; mais ce ne fut qu'une seconde. Il répondit : </p> <p>— Tu as oublié de dire que <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName> a toujours au moins vingt sous en poche, chaque dimanche.</p> <p>—Oui, pour le cabaret.</p> <p>— C'est aujourd'hui dimanche ; donne-moi vingt sous.</p> <p>Avec un soupir, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> secoua négativement la tête.</p> <p>— Donne-moi vingt sous ! je travaille et ne suis plus un enfant, que diable ! </p> <p>— Il fallait t'adresser a papa avant son départ.</p> <p>— Tu refuses ? </p> <p>— Oui.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> avança sur elle, menaçant :</p> <p>— Tu sais que je peux prendre ton porte-monnaie tout entier ! </p> <p>Elle répondit : </p> <p>— Je le sais, tu es plus fort que moi ; mais je sais aussi que tu as du cœur : un lâche seul pourrait profiter de la supériorité de ses bras pour m'enlever cet argent, surtout en l'absence de notre père, à qui seul appartient de te le donner, s'il le juge bon ! </p> <p>Elle parlait avec un tel chagrin qu'il baissa les yeux. Une lueur d'attendrissement venait d'y passer. Puis les relevant : </p> <p>— C'est bon. Il me serait trop facile de te réduire. Mais sache une chose : tu me rends ridicule et je ne veux pas être ridicule ! Oui, tout le village n'a qu'une voix pour dire que chez nous c'est le monde renversé, que tu nous mènes par le bout du nez ! Le <persName type="fictif" key="benoît">père Benoît</persName> ajoute que tu ressembles à notre grand'mère qui empêcha toujours son mari, ses enfants, d'aller à leur fantaisie et de faire comme les autres. Cependant, on le saît bien, « ombre d'homme vaut cent femmes » ! </p> <p>— Ombre d'homme vaut cent femmes ?... C'est aussi du <persName type="fictif" key="benoît">père Benoît</persName> que tu tiens cela ? Eh bien ! tâche, pour valoir encore davantage, d'être, non pas une ombre d'homme comme tu l'es en ce moment, mais un homme véritable, c'est-à-dire fort contre toi-même, et sachant <pb type="page" n="448" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_448.jpg"/> <fw>448 SUZETTE.</fw> te conduire. Avec le plus grand plaisir, sois-en sûr, nous saurons alors reconnaître ton immense supériorité. </p> <p>Tu peux plaisanter, dit <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName>, mais tu ne me mèneras pas, je t'en réponds bien ! Bonjour ! </p> <p>Il fila à grandes enjambées vers la porte du jardin, par où il était venu.</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Quand avait eu lieu le mariage de <persName type="fictif" key="louis">Louis</persName> ? </item> <item>— Quelle passion s'était emparée de <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName> ? </item> <item>— Quelles plantes recherchait-il pour son herbier ? </item> <item>— Où se plaisent la stramoine et la belladone ? </item> <item>— Où était allé <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> ? </item> <item>— Quelle observation lui fit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— Continuez le dialogue.</item> <item>— A qui donnez-vous raison, et pourquoi ? </item> <item>— Dites quelques mots de la tenue de <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName>.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui fit sourire <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> ? </item> <item>— Que demanda-t-il à <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— Reproduisez le dialogue.</item> <item>— Que répondit la jeune fille à la menace de son frère ? </item> <item>— Que dit <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> à son tour ? </item> <item>— Que pensait de <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> le vieux père Benoît ? </item> <item>— Que répondit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> à la citation du proverbe ? </item> <item>— Que dit <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> et que fit-il ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="morale"> <head type="sujets">Morale.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Quand et dans quelle mesure faut-il donner de l'argent aux enfants et aux adolescents ? </item> <item>— Inconvénients de prodiguer l'argent à la jeunesse.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>On a pris pour habitude de donner de l'argent aux enfants le jour de certaines fêtes ; quelques parents même ont la faiblesse de leur en remettre chaque dimanche. Beaucoup de personnes doutent que la chose soit très utile, et pensent que c'est inviter les jeunes filles à dissiper ce qu'elles possèdent. Les enfants munis d'argent ne devraient le dépenser que sous les yeux de leur père ou de leur mère. Ainsi ils ne contracteraient point la manie des dépenses inutiles, et tiendraient davantage à ne pas gaspiller l'argent de leur bourse.</p> <p>On a remarqué que les enfants qui ont beaucoup d'argent à leur disposition, non seulement le gaspillent, mais s'en servent pour commettre nombre de fredaines ; ils contractent de mauvaises habitudes et sont disposés à travailler le moins possible. La plupart en achêtent des bonbons et en mangent continuellement, chose fort préjudiciable à leur santé.</p> </div> </div> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head type="sujets">Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Décrire la belladone et ses fruits.</item> <item>— Symptômes auxquels on reconnait l'empoisonnement par cette plante.</item> <item>— Quel remède à appliquer ? </item> <item>— (Mèmes questions pour la stramoine.)</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Il y a un certain nombre de plantes, dites <term>vénéneuses</term>, dont le suc ou les fruits sont un poison. Parmi les plus dangereuses, nous citerons la <term>ciguë</term>, qui a une grande ressemblance avec le persil, mais dont on la distingue facilement en raison de son odeur désagréable, — la <term>jusquiame</term>, aux feuilles velues et aux fleurs en clochettes, de couleur jaunâtre, veinées de noir ou de violet, — la <term>belladone</term>, la <term>stramoine</term> ou <term>datura</term>, ou <term>pomme épineuse</term>, et les <term>champignons</term>, la <term>digitale</term>, la <term>colchique</term> des prés aux fleurs violettes.</p> <p>La <term>belladone</term> ne se trouve généralement que dans les bois élevés ; elle porte de grandes fleurs en cloche, d'un violet sale. A ces fleurs succèdent des fruits noirs, de la forme et de la grosseur d'une cerise. Ils ont un goût un peu sucré ; aussi arrive-t-il très souvent que les enfants les cueillent, les mangent et meurent bientôt dans d'horribles souffrances. L'agrandissement de l'ouverture de l'œil ou pupille, le <pb type="page" n="449" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_449.jpg"/> <fw>LES TROIS AGACES. 449</fw> regard fixe et hébété sont les caractères de l'empoisonnement par la belladone.</p> <p>Le traitement à appliquer dans le cas d'empoisonnement par les végétaux est le suivant : Faire prendre 10 ou 15 centigrammes d'émétique avec un gramme d'ipécacuana dans un quart de verre d'eau, puis un <term>purgatif</term> composé de 10 centigrammes d'émétique avec 45 grammes de sulfate de magnésie ou même de sel gris. Après les évacuations, donner des boissons acides, et entretenir la chaleur du corps du petit malade.</p> <p>La <term>stramoine</term> est facile à reconnaître à ses fruits hérissés de piquants et du volume d'une petite pomme. Les feuilles sont de teinte sombre et d'odeur repoussante ; quant aux fleurs, elles affectent la forme d'entonnoirs allongés, blancs ou violets, à plis longitudinaux. Cette plante dangereuse atteint jusqu'à un mêtre de hauteur.</p> <p>Les <term>champignons</term> sont non moins dangereux, et certaines espèces font périr dans des souffrances atroces ceux qui les consomment. L'agaric champêtre ou champignon de couche et les bolets peuvent être mangés sans danger.</p> </div> </div> <div type="industrie"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>—D'où provient le tabac qu'on fume et qu'on prise ? </item> <item>— A quelle époque cette mode a-t-elle pris naissance ? </item> <item>— Quel avantage trouve l'Etat à vendre lui-mème le tabac ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Le <term>tabac</term> n'est autre chose que le résultat de la préparation spéciale des feuilles d'une plante originaire de l'<placeName key="Americas" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q828">Amérique</placeName>. Vers 1500, il fut apporté en <placeName key="Europe" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q46">Europe</placeName> par les Espagnols, qui s'étaient habitués à le fumer comme les indigènes du <placeName key="New World" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q127834">nouveau monde</placeName>, et, en 1560, il faisait son entrée dans notre pays.</p> <p>L'Etat s'étant réservé depuis 1674 le monopole de la fabrication du tabac, la culture n'en est autorisée que dans les départements d'<placeName key="Ille-et-Vilaine" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12549">Ille et-Vilaine</placeName>, du <placeName key="Nord" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12661">Nord</placeName>, du <placeName key="Pas-de-Calais" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12689">Pas-de-Calais</placeName>, de la <placeName key="Gironde" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12526">Gironde</placeName>, du <placeName key="Lot" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12576">Lot</placeName>, de <placeName key="Lot-et-Garonne" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12578">Lot-et-Garonne</placeName> et du <placeName key="Var" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12789">Var</placeName> ; elle occupe plus de 2,000 hectares dont la récolte, d'environ 20 millions de kilogrammes, est livrée en totalité à l'administration de la régie. L'<placeName key="French Algeria" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q218272">Algérie</placeName> nous en fournit une quantité supérieure à 2 millions de kilogrammes.</p> <p>L'Etat trouve dans la vente du tabac un bénéfice net de plus de 150 millions.</p> </div> </div> <div type="hygiène"> <head type="sujets">Hygiène.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Quels sont les nombreux inconvénients qui résultent de l'abus du tabac ? </item> <item>— Quelles maladies sont particulières aux fumeurs ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Le tabac irrite et enflamme les organes du nez et de la bouche ; il agit très violemment aussi sur le système nerveux, dont il suspend les fonctions. L'haleine des fumeurs et des priseurs est infecte ; leurs vêtements sont imprégnés de l'odeur du vieux tabac, et l'habitude dont ils sont les esclaves devient la cause de malpropretés repoussantes.</p> <p>L'usage continuel du tabac trouble les fonctions de l'estomac ; attaque et noircit les dents, affaiblit la vue, irrite la poitrine ; il développe sur les lèvres et dans le laryux des tumeurs de mauvaise nature qui déterminent souvent des cancers. Si l'on avale du tabac, des vomissements ne tardent pas à se produire ; ils sont suivis de vertiges, de tremblements, de défaillances, de convulsions, de paralysie et même de la mort. (D'après le <persName key="Aimé Riant" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q109854455">Dr RIANT</persName>. — <title>Alcool et tabac</title>, libr. Hachette.)</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
125. — L'étoffe d'un honnête homme. 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ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch125"> <pb type="page" n="437" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_437.jpg"/> <head>125. — L'étoffe d'un honnête homme. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>Le sourcil de <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> ne dérida pas de longtemps devant M. <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName>. Et c'est, sans doute, à cela que herses, rouleaux, brabants* <note type="annotation">Brabant. Charrue à double sec.</note> et autres instruments aratoires de la ferme durent de ne pas être « améliorés ».</p> <p>Mais si la crainte peut opérer de ces <figure> <caption>Le rouleau sert en agriculture tantôt à briser les mottes, tantôt à tasser la terre.</caption> </figure> prodiges, elle n'a jamais produit encore un bon ouvrier. <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> retourna aux champs, pour y faire seulement de l'à peu près, pauvre besogne.</p> <p>— Pourtant il n'est ni fainéant ni sot, disait <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> au père, qui se plaignait du garnement.</p> <p>— Bon, il n'est pas ! parbleu ! il n'est pas !... Mais <pb type="page" n="438" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_438.jpg"/> est-ce de ce qu'il n'est pas, ou de ce qu'il est, que l'étoffe d'un honnête homme est faite ? Je ne saurais me contenter que mon fils ne soit pas un voleur, un méchant ; il faut encore qu'il se montre laborieux, vertueux, bon, comme l'est <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName>, et comme le sera, j'espère, aussi <persName type="fictif" key="charlot">Charlot</persName>. <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> ferait-il le premier propre à rien parmi <orgName>les Dumay</orgName> ? Pour notre honneur, pour notre fierté de famille, je ne veux pas cela !</p> <p>— Papa, <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> est si jeune...</p> <p>— Oui, il l'était aussi quand il tua l'hirondelle et brûla la maison. Je pardonnai.... Aujourd'hui, il flâne à l'ouvrage.</p> <p>C'est peut-être qu'il est fait pour autre chose que pour cet ouvrage-là...</p> <p>— Oui, il est fait, n'est-ce pas, pour éteindre les chandelles ! Il est fait pour frayer avec le <persName type="fictif" key="vincent">Vincent</persName> à <persName type="fictif" key="ludivine">Ludivine</persName>, un mauvais gars qui fume et déjà connaît le chemin du cabaret !</p> <p>— Papa, je vous assure que <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> ne sait pas ce chemin ! </p> <p>— Je le crois, mais ne l'apprendra-t-il pas bientôt ?</p> <p>A ce moment le facteur entra, remit une lettre.</p> <p>—De <placeName key="Paris" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q90">Paris</placeName> ! de ma tante ! dit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> après un coup d'œil à l'enveloppe.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> tira ses lunettes, tourna, retourna la lettre : </p> <p>— Bonne ou mauvaise nouvelle ?</p> <p>Il décacheta ; et après avoir parcouru des yeux le papier, il le remit à sa fille, avec un sourire :</p> <p>— Tiens, lis-moi cela.</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> lut :</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Comment se montra <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> à l'égard de <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> ? </item> <item>— Quel bien résulta de cette sévérité ? </item> <item> — Pourquoi <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> ne faisait-il point de bonne besogne aux champs?</item> <item>— Que répondait, à ce sujet, <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> à son père ? </item> <item>— Quelles remarques amères faisait <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> ? </item> <item>— Qu'objectait <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— Que rappelait le père ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui le contrariait dans les frequentations et les habitudes de son fils cadet ?</item> <item>— Qu'apporta le facteur ? </item> <item>— Que dit <persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> sur l'objet de la lettre ? </item> <item>— Que fit-il apres l'avoir parcourue ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="morale"> <head type="sujets">Morale.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— LA VOCATION. </item> <item>— Qu'entend-on par avoir de la vocation pour telle ou telle profession ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui doit nous guider <pb type="page" n="439" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_439.jpg"/> dans le choix d'une profession ?</item> <item>— Qui la jeune fille doit-elle consulter à cet égard, et pourquoi ? </item> <item>— Quelle profession vous plait le mieux, et pourquoi ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Avoir de la <term>vocation</term> pour telle ou telle profession, c'est montrer une disposition naturelle à l'exercer ; par exemple, l'enfant qui aime à instruire ses condisciples plus jeunes, a la vocation de l'enseignement ; celle qui s'exerce à coudre et à tailler des vêtements pour sa poupée, a la vocation de la couture ; un petit garçon batailleur, courageux, celle de soldat.</p> <p>Ce qui doit nous guider dans le choix d'un état, c'est la vocation que nous avons, et il importe que chacun ait toute licence et toute facilité de la reconnaître et de la suivre. A cette condition seulement le travail sera fécond et agréable ; l'homme qui a choisi sans discernement la profession qu'il exerce, ne trouve que des difficultés dans sa tâche quotidienne.</p> <p>Il ne faut pas confondre avec la vocation le désir qu'on éprouve d'embrasser telle ou telle profession parce qu'elle nous met souvent en évidence et procure quelques satisfactions d'amour-propre ; bientôt on n'y trouverait plus que des déceptions. Une jeune fille a le devoir de consulter son père et sa mère au moment de se prononcer, et elle ne prendra une décision qu'après avoir longuement médité leurs conseils. Elle s'adressera également à Mme l'institutrice, dont l'expérience et l'affection désintéressée doivent lui inspirer toute confiance.</p> <p>La profession qui me plaît le plus, est celle de. parce que... (ici, énumérer les avantages et atténuer les inconvénients).</p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="industrie" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujind_125"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— De quoi a-t-on besoin lorsqu'on veut écrire une lettre ? </item> <item>— Exposez comment on fabrique le papier ;</item> <item>— l'encre noire — les crayons ; </item> <item>— les plumes métalliques. </item> <item>— D'où provient la gomme ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Pour écrire une lettre, bien des choses sont nécessaires : papier, encre, plumes, et parfois un crayon pour en faire le brouillon, sans compter la gomme qui sert à effacer les mots ou lettres à supprimer et remplacer. Il n'est pas sans intérêt de savoir comment sont fabriqués et d'où proviennent ces divers objets.</p> <p>PAPIER. — Rappelons qu'autrefois les anciens écrivaient leur histoire sur des pierres ou des briques ; plus tard, ils se servirent de tablettes enduites de cire, sur lesquelles on traçait les caractères au moyen d'un poinçon ; puis de <term>papyrus</term>, tissu formé des lames minces et longues d'une sorte de roseau qui croît en <placeName key="Egypt" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q79">Egypte</placeName> ; enfin de <term>parchemin</term>, qui n'est autre chose que de la peau de chèvre ou de mouton préalablement décharnée et polie à la pierre ponce.</p> <p>Le <term>papier</term>, découvert, dit-on, par les Chinois, qui en firent connaître l'usage aux Arabes vers le neuvième siècle, ne fut d'usage général en <placeName key="Europe" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q46">Europe</placeName> qu'au treizième siècle, et les premières papeteries françaises datent seulement de 1340.</p> <p>On fabrique le papier avec de vieux chiffons triés par des ouvrières ; on enlève les coutures et les ourlets, puis un battage énergique suivi d'un lessivage les débarrasse des poussières ; après quoi on opère le blanchiment de ceux qui sont teints.</p> <p>Les chiffons sont réduits en pâte dans un grand bac au moyen d'un cylindre armé de lames d'acier, qui tourne sur lui-même avec rapidité ; un courant d'eau chaude circulant dans l'appareil amène la pâte sur un plan incliné, où on la recueille. A l'aide d'une dissolution (1) de <note cert="high" evaluate="all" place="top" type="footer" xml:space="default">(1) Dissolution, séparation des parties d'un corps par le moyen de son séjour dans un liquide. L'eau sucrée est une dissolution de sucre.</note> <pb type="page" n="440" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_440.jpg"/> chlorure de chaux, on décolore la pâte, puis on la verse dans un autre bac rempli d'eau colorée si le papier doit être teinté ; enfin, on l'encolle afin que l'encre ne pénêtre pas dans l'intérieur du tissu des feuillets et ne s'étende pas à leur surface.</p> <p>On transforme on papier la pâte ainsi préparée, soit à la main, soit à la mécanique.</p> <p>Dans le premier cas, l'ouvrier étend sur la toile métallique d'un châssis le contenu d'une poche de pâte ; un autre cadre, qui s'applique sur la premier, détermine l'épaisseur de la feuille. On laisse égoutter, puis on renverse le châssis sur un feutre mince. Les feuilles, en cet état, sont entassées les unes sur les autres et soumises à l'action de la presse ; on les transporte ensuite au séchoir ; on met en presse une seconde fois et l'on obtient alors le papier de vente.</p> <p>Le papier à la mécanique se fabrique en amenant la pâte sur une toile sans fin où elle se débarrasse de son excès d'eau par le moyen d'un ventilateur ; elle passe en second lieu sur des cylindres de feutre, et enfin entre des laminoirs de cuivre chauffés ; après quoi la feuille ainsi obtenue s'enroule sur un dévidoir. Des ouvriers la coupent ensuite et la plient selon le format qu'on entend donner au papier.</p> <p>Les papiers communs se fabriquent avec des déchets de cordes, de la paille, du bois, de l'alfa, etc.</p> <p>L'<term>encre noire</term> se fabrique avec les matières suivantes dans les proportions que nous allons indiquer : noix de galle concassée, 1 kilogramme ; sulfate de fer ou couperose verte, 500 grammes ; gomme arabique, 500 grammes ; eau, 15 litres. On fait une forte décoction de noix de galle dans 13 à 14 litres d'eau ; on passe à travers une toile ; on ajoute à cet extrait de la gomme, puis de la couperose qu'on a fait dissoudre séparément dans l'eau qui reste ; on agite le mélange de temps en temps, et on l'abandonne au contact de l'air jusqu'à ce qu'il ait acquis une belle teinte d'un noir bleuâtre. On laisse alors reposer ; on tire à clair, et l'on verse l'encre dans des bouteilles qu'on bouche avec soin.</p> <p>PLUMES. — Autrefois, l'on écrivait avec des plumes tirées de l'aile des oies et qu'on taillait soi-même au moyen d'un canif. Depuis le commencement de ce siècle, on se sert de plumes métalliques inventées par un Danois ; la première fabrique établie à <placeName key="Paris" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q90">Paris</placeName> date de 1807.</p> <p>Le métal employé est d'excellent acier réduit en lames minces et souples qu'on divise en rubans et où l'on découpe les plumes au moyen d'un outil appelé découpoir. D'autres instruments prennent ces plumes informes, y pratiquent des trous, y figurent des dessins, y pratiquent les fentes, en arrondissent les pointes et en adoucissent les arêtes. On donne le dernier poli avec de l'émeri et l'on achève en trempant l'acier.</p> <p>CRAYONS. — Les crayons se composent d'une substance minérale appelée graphite, formée de charbon très pur. On la taille en petits bâtonnets qu'on enchàsse et encolle dans des fourreaux cylindriques de cèdre ou d'un autre bois tendre.</p> <p>GOMME. — La gomme élastique employée pour effacer les traces du crayon sur le papier, est le suc d'un arbre appele hévé, originaire des régions tropicales de l'<placeName key="Africa" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15">Afrique</placeName> et de l'<placeName key="Americas" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q828">Amérique</placeName>. L'ingénieur <persName key="Charles Marie de La Condamine" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q26681">La Condamine</persName> apporta pour la première fois en <placeName key="Europe" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q46">Europe</placeName>, vers 1736, ce produit dont il avait pressenti le parti que pouvait en tirer l'industrie ; un Français, M. <persName type="historique">Mérigot</persName>, trouva l'arbre sur les terres baignées par l', en 1740, dans la <placeName key="French Guiana" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3769">Guyane</placeName>, et un colon nommé <persName key="François Fresneau de La Gataudière" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q934295">Fresneau</persName> le cultiva le premier dans ses plantations.</p> </div> </div> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head type="sujets">Agriculture.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'une herse </item> <item>— un rouleau ? </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que herser et rouler un champ ? </item> <item>— Quel est l'objet de chacune de <pb type="page" n="441" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_441.jpg"/> ces opérations ? </item> <item>— A quel moment de l'année sont-elles pratiquées ?</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>La <term>herse</term> est un instrument composé d'un cadre de bois ou de fer, armé de pointes également en fer, qu'on emploie pour ameublir le sol, détruire les mauvaises herbes et enterrer les petites graines. On herse après les labourages et les semailles de printemps et d'automne.</p> <p>Le <term>rouleau</term> est un énorme cylindre de fer ou de bois traversé par un essieu. Deux courroies le rattachent directement au cheval qui traîne l'appareil, ou même à un léger avant-train. Le rouleau tasse le sol après les gelées qui ont déchaussé les céréales ; il sert oncore à écraser les mottes de terre au printemps.</p> </div> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>(POUR LES ENFANTS DES VILLES : Comment opère-t-on le nettoyage des rues ?</item> <item>— Qu'arriverait-il si on le négligeait ? </item> <item>— Quels instruments et quels ouvriers sont employés pour ce travail ?)</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Le nettoyage des rues dans les villes est confié à des cantonniers et à des balayeurs qui réunissent les immondices en tas après avoir lavé la partie de la chaussée la plus voisine du trottoir. Des voituriers emmènent ces matières que les cultivateurs et les jardiniers utilisent comme engrais. Des voitures portant à l'arrière de gros cylindres munis de crin, comme les brosses, balayent les grandes voies de communication plus rapidement et mieux que les manouvriers précédemment chargés de ce soin. Si l'on négligeait le nettoyage des rues et l'enlèvement des détritus jetés sur la voie publique, la circulation deviendrait difficile et la décomposition des matières dégagerait des odeurs pestilentielles dangereuses pour la santé publique.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
122. — Après le départ. 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"schema:softwareVersion": "3.4.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch122"> <pb type="page" n="428" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_428.jpg"/> <head>122. — Après le départ. </head> <div type="récit"> <p><persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName> partit au printemps pour <placeName key="Cherbourg" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3667188">Cherbourg</placeName>. C'était l'acheminement vers les colonies.</p> <p>Mais à la séparation, les cœurs furent fermes, les larmes se continrent : le sentiment du devoir est la plus grande des forces. On s'étreignit*<note type="annotation">S'étreindre. Se serrer dans les bras les uns des autres.</note> longuement : Et au revoir le fils ! au revoir le frère ! </p> <p>Maintenant il fallait remplacer le soldat à la charrue.</p> <p>M. <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName>, grand garçon de mine joviale, pas trop laid, malgré son nez toujours en trompette, et de santé robuste, était le remplaçant désigné. Dès le lendemain, à l'alouette, le père lui dit : </p> <p>— <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName>, attelle la charrue.</p> <p>— La neuve, papa ?</p> <p><persName type="fictif" key="m_dumay">M. Dumay</persName> eut un soubresaut :</p> <p>- La neuve ! y penses-tu ? la neuve entre tes mains, pour commencer ? La vieille, s'il vous plait ? </p> <p>— Bien, papa.</p> <p>Maître <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> sortit la vieille, puis les deux chevaux, le Pommelé et la Rousse, les attela. Ce fut fait en un tour de main. <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> admira son agilité, et lui passa au cou, en bandoulière, un bissac de toile.</p> <p>— Voilà ! dit-elle ; le bon laboureur a bon appétit ; tu trouveras là dedans un croûton frais, deux œufs durs et une poire pour ton déjeuner. Va, mon <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName>, et travaille gentiment.</p> <p>Le père, le fils et l'attelage s'en allèrent.</p> <p>La charrue roulait sur le gravier de la rue en grinçant avec un cliquetis de ferraille, et <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName>, tirant sur le cordeau, criait de toute sa voix : Hue ! hue ! en garçon qui n'est pas fâché d'attirer l'attention des voisins.</p> </div> <pb type="page" n="429" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_429.jpg"/> <fw>APRES LE DÉPART. 429</fw> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Où <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName> alla-t-il rejoindre son régiment ? </item> <item>— Comment eut lieu la séparation ? </item> <item>— Quel était le remplaçant de <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName> à la charrue ? </item> <item> — Faites le portrait de <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName>.</item> <item>— Quel dialogue eut lieu le matin entre <persName type="fictif" key="françois">François</persName> et son père ? </item> <item>— Que fit alors le jeune garçon ? </item> <item>— Que lui passa <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> et que dit-elle ? </item> <item>— Comment eut lieu le départ pour le champ à labourer ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="géographie" subtype="france"> <head type="sujets">Géographie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item> — Faire le croquis de la <placeName>France septentrionale</placeName> au nord de la et de la .</item> <item>— Y tracer la route suivie par <persName type="fictif" key="jacques">Jacques</persName> pour se rendre à <placeName key="Cherbourg" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3667188">Cherbourg</placeName> : il passera par <placeName key="Saint-Quentin" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q182744">Saint-Quentin</placeName>, <placeName key="Tergnier" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q378973">Tergnier</placeName>, <placeName key="Amiens" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q41604">Amiens</placeName>, <placeName key="Beauvais" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q174257">Beauvais</placeName>, <placeName key="Évreux" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q171800">Evreux</placeName>, <placeName key="Bernay" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q18105">Bernay</placeName>, <placeName key="Lisieux" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q188743">Lisieux</placeName>, etc. Figurer le chemin de fer par un gros trait à l'encre.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>(Il faudra marquer d'abord par des points <placeName key="Dunkirk" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q45797">Dunkerque</placeName>, <placeName key="Calais" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6454">Calais</placeName>, le <placeName key="Cap Gris Nez" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q531030">cap Gris-Nez</placeName>, l'embouchure de la Somme, celle de la Seine, la <placeName key="Carentan-les-Marais" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q28723557">baie de Carentan</placeName> au S.-E. de la <placeName key="Cotentin Peninsula" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q463529">presqu'ile de Cotentin</placeName> ; ce qui permettra de tracer aisément le littoral. Figurer ensuite le parcours de la <placeName key="Somme" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12770">Somme</placeName>, de la <placeName key="Seine" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1142326">Seine</placeName>, de la <placeName key="Marne" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12594">Marne</placeName>, de l'<placeName key="Yonne" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12816">Yonne</placeName>, de l'<placeName key="Eure" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3372">Eure</placeName>, de l'<placeName key="Orne" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12679">Orne</placeName>, de la <placeName key="Vire" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q220684">Vire</placeName>; il sera alors facile de déterminer la position exacte des villes.)</p> </div> </div> <div type="sciences_naturelles"> <head type="sujets">Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— LE CHEVAL. </item> <item>— Donner une idée de ce bel animal au point de vue de la forme, de la taille, du caractère, de ses aptitudes à servir l'homme.</item> <item>— Services qu'il nous rend.</item> <item>— Comment on doit le traiter, le nourrir.</item> <item>— Réflexions sur la brutalité de certains charretiers.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p> <l>« Le cheval est, de tous les animaux, celui qui, avec une grande </l> <l>« taille, a le plus de proportion et d'elégance dans les parties de son</l> <l>« corps ; la régularité de sa tête lui donne un air de légèreté qui est</l> <l>« bien soutenu par la beauté de son encolure. Il semble vouloir se </l> <l>« mettre au-dessus de son état de quadrupède en élevant la tête ; dans</l> <l>« cette noble attitude, il regarde l'homme face à face ; ses yeux sont</l> <l>« vifs ; ses oreilles bien faites et d'une juste grandeur ; sa crinière</l> <l>« accompagne bien sa tête, orne son cou et lui donne un air de force</l> <l>« et de fierté ; sa queue est formée de crins épais et longs qui semblent</l> <l>« sortir de la croupe.</l></p> <p><l>« Ce fier et fougueux animal partage avec l'homme les fatigues de </l> <l>« la guerre et la gloire des combats ; à la chasse, à la course, il brille,</l> <l>« il étincelle ; mais, docile autant que courageux, il sait réprimer ses</l> <l>« mouvements ; non seulement il fléchit sous la main qui le guide,</l> <l>« mais il semble consulter ses désirs ; il se livre sans réserve, ne se</l> <l>« refuse à rien, sert de toutes ses forces, s'excède, et même meurt </l> <l>« pour mieux obéir. » (D'après <persName type="historique">BUFFON</persName>.)</l></p> <p>Cet animal parait avoir été originaire de l'<placeName key="Asia" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q48">Asie</placeName>, et sa domestication remonte aux temps les plus reculés. Il nous rend aujourd'hui mille services pour le transport des marchandises et des personnes, et ceux-ci sont trop connus pour qu'il soit nécessaire de les énumèrer.</p> <p>Quand le cheval est bien traité, il a pour son maître un attachement et une fidélité inaltérables ; mais il ressent vivement l'injustice et se venge des mauvais traitements ; on a donc toutes raisons pour agir à son égard avec douceur et patience. Les charretiers qui le frappent sans motifs, comme cela se voit trop fréquemment, non seulement commettent un acte de lâche brutalité, mais compromettent leurs intérêts, car un cheval traité de la sorte ne rend pas tous les services qu'on serait fondé à attendre de lui.</p> <p>On nourrit le cheval avec de l'avoine, du foin, de la paille principalement ; il aime à manger à des heures régulières et néanmoins supporte patiemment la faim lorsque les circonstances l'exigent.</p> </div> </div> <pb type="page" n="430" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_430.jpg"/> <fw>430 SUZETTE.</fw> <div type="hygiène"> <head type="sujets">Hygiène.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Comment faut-il régler ses repas ? </item> <item>— Inconvénients de manger à toute heure.</item> <item>— Comment doit-on satisfaire son appetit ? </item> <item>— Quelles boissons conviennent le mieux aux jeunes filles ? </item> <item>— Qu'appelle-t-on enfants difficiles ? </item> <item>— Quelles sont les fâcheuses suites de ce travers ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Les heures du repas ne doivent être ni trop rapprochées ni trop éloignées. Le temps nécessaire à la digestion des aliments varie de deux à cinq heures (1) ; c'est, en général, après ce dernier terme que l'appétit renait ; pour les grandes personnes, l'intervalle le plus convenable à observer entre les repas est de six heures, ce qui porterait à trois nos repas journaliers.</p> <p>Les vieillards et les enfants mangent moins, mais plus souvent.</p> <p>L'essentiel, à cet égard, est que les repas petits et fréquents, rares et copieux, se répêtent journellement avec régularité, que l'habitude ramène la faim aux mêmes heures afin que nos besoins soient satisfaits quand ils se font sentir.</p> <p>Si l'on mange à toute heure, la digestion du repas précédent peut n'être pas achevée, elle se poursuit dès lors avec difficulté, et des maux d'estomac très douloureux, qui déterminent quelquefois de graves maladies, en sont presque toujours le résultat.</p> <p>Manger de peu et peu a la fois est la règle universelle ; tous les animaux la suivent, excepté l'homme. Rien n’est plus sage que de se faire une mesure et de s'arrêter dés que l'appetit est satisfait.</p> <p>Les boissons qui conviennent le mieux aux jeunes filles sont l'eau pure, le vin largement étendu d'eau, la bière legère, le cidre ; les boissons alcooliques ont des effets nuisibles sur la constitution, surtout dans le jeune ge, et les enfants n’en doivent user qu'en des circonstances exceptionnelles. L'usage du café noir et du thé leur est quelquefois préjudiciable et rarement nécessaire : le mieux est donc de s'en abstenir.</p> <p>On appelle <term>enfants difficiles</term> ceux qui montrent de la répugnance pour un grand nombre d'aliments, et en géneral pour ceux qui conviennent le mieux à leur age. C'est un travers regrettable, dont la santé souffre toujours, et que les parents doivent combattre avec persévérance en même temps qu'avec prudence ; il trouble d'ailleurs l'ordre et le service des repas et impose aux mères un surcroit de travail dont elles se passeraient volontiers, étant donnce la multitude de leurs occupations.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
110. — Le rucher. Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" xmlns:org="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#"> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml?note_annotation_20231024104425491", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:44:25.491Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-24T14:44:25.491Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml?note_annotation_20231024104425491#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml?note_annotation_20231024104425491#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Minuscule. Tout\n petit." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml?note_annotation_20231024104425493", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:44:25.493Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-24T14:44:25.493Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml?note_annotation_20231024104425493#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml?note_annotation_20231024104425493#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p/note[2]" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Chalet. Maison de bois que l'on construit\n surtout dans les montagnes." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml?note_annotation_20231024104425494", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:44:25.494Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-24T14:44:25.494Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml?note_annotation_20231024104425494#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml?note_annotation_20231024104425494#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[2]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Douar. Village arabe\n forme de tentes." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml?note_annotation_20231024104425495", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:44:25.495Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-24T14:44:25.495Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml?note_annotation_20231024104425495#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2023-07/suzette_ch110.xml?note_annotation_20231024104425495#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[22]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Lucratif. Qui\n produit un bon revenu." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.2.2" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": 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type="récit"> <p>C'étaient une dizaine de minuscules*<note type="annotation">Minuscule. Tout petit.</note> maisonnettes haut perchées, les unes de bois, semblables à des chalets*<note type="annotation">Chalet. Maison de bois que l'on construit surtout dans les montagnes.</note>, les autres de paille, en forme de cloche. Elles formaient un cercle.</p> <p>— Cela ressemble à un petit douar*<note type="annotation">Douar. Village arabe forme de tentes.</note> arabe, dit l'explorateur <persName key="pascal" type="fictif">Pascal</persName>.</p> <p>Des gens étaient rangés là, autour d'un vieux monsieur qui parlait. Ce monsieur, grand, maigre, portait un haut chapeau sur ses cheveux blancs, et un tablier bleu, à bavette, sur son vêtement noir.</p> <p>Il s'interrompit pour inviter les arrivants à entrer.</p> <p>Sans doute, à cause du douar, <persName key="pascal" type="fictif">Pascal</persName> entra le premier ; la famille suivit.</p> <p>Le monsieur les mit aussitôt au fait en leur disant : </p> <p>— Il s'agit d'apiculture, de culture des abeilles.</p> <figure> <caption>Larve de l'abeille. Reste six jours dans cet état avant de devenir nymphe. </caption> </figure> <figure> <caption>Abeilles. l. Reine. — 2. Mâle ou faux-bourdon. 3. Ouvrière. </caption> </figure> <p>Et montrant les maisonnettes : </p> <p>— Vous voyez le rucher. J'étais en train de demander si, parmi les personnes qui m'écoutent, il y a un habitant, une habitante de la campagne.</p> <p>On ne répondit pas ; mais <persName type="fictif" key="pascal">Pascal</persName>, <persName type="fictif" key="louis">Louis</persName>, <persName type="fictif" key="marthe">Marthe</persName> regardèrent <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> qui toussa, légèrement embarrassée.</p> <p>Le monsieur la regarda aussi, et <persName type="fictif" key="mme_richard">Mme Richard</persName>, prenant la parole, dit que mademoiselle, sa nièce, était fermière à <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName>.</p> <p>— Mademoiselle est fermière !</p> <pb type="page" n="388" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_388.jpg"/> <fw>388 SUZETTE.</fw> <p>— Oui, Monsieur, répondit <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName>.</p> <p>— A la bonne heure ! on va s'entendre... Vous élevez des abeilles ? </p> <p>— Des abeilles ? non, Monsieur.</p> <p>— Comment non ? alors vous êtes une fermière millionnaire ?</p> <p>Il vit bien au rire de <persName type="fictif" key="suzette">Suzette</persName> qu'elle avait encore moins de millions que d'abeilles.</p> <p>— Et dans votre village de <placeName type="fictif">Fragicourt</placeName>, on agit sans doute comme vous, en fait d'apiculture ?</p> <p>— Oui, Monsieur.</p> <p>— C'est cela ! c'est cela ! Et vous n'êtes probablement pas les derniers en <placeName key="France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q142">France</placeName> à vous plaindre de la dureté des temps et de la peine qu'on a à vivre ?... Eh bien ! Mademoiselle, reprit-il, si vous aviez mon âge, je me fâcherais tout rouge contre vous ! </p> <figure> <caption> Abeille butineuse. Elle s'introduit dans la fleur, y plonge sa trompe, espèce de langue qui aspire la liqueur sucrée, et elle s'envole emportant sur le duvet de son corps, ainsi que dans les brosses et les corbeilles de ses pattes, le pollen de la fleur, sous forme de pelote.</caption> </figure> <p>Il se fâchait, et comme il faut, mais c'était la très pardonnable fâcherie de la science contre l'ignorance : </p> <p>— Est-il donc possible qu'une fermière ne se soucie pas d'avoir au midi de sa ferme un bel et bourdonnant et lucratif*<note type="annotation">Lucratif. Qui produit un bon revenu.</note> rucher ! Y a-t-il de l'esprit à se priver d'une précieuse ressource en même temps que d'une très intéressante occupation ! </p> <p>Il ajouta : </p> <p>Quoique je ne vous fasse pas trop de compliments, vous plaît-il, Mademoiselle, d'écouter, de regarder un moment ? </p> <figure> <caption>Pattes d'une abeille. Brosses (1) et corbeilles (2) dans les quelles l'abeille emmagasine le pollen.</caption> </figure> <p>Toute cette brusquerie ne déplut pas à Mlle <persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName>, qui, quoique un peu gênée, voyait bien d'où elle partait.</p> <p>Elle répondit : </p> <p>Monsieur, j'écoute, et je regarde.</p> </div> <pb type="page" n="389" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_389.jpg"/> <fw>LE RUCHER. 389</fw> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Sous quel aspect se présentait le rucher ? </item> <item>— Quelle singulière réflexion fit <persName key="pascal" type="fictif">Pascal</persName> ? </item> <item>— Que voyait-on autour d'un monsieur dont vous ferez le portraît ? </item> <item>— Que dit le monsieur aux arrivants ? </item> <item>— Qu'était-il en train de demander à ses auditeurs ? </item> <item>— Comment sut-il que <persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName> était de la campagne ? </item> <item>— Quel dialogue s'engagea entre le monsieur et <persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— Pourquoi ce monsieur se fâcha-t-il ? </item> <item>— Que dit-il à propos des fermières qui ne se soucient pas d'avoir un rucher ? </item> <item>— Que proposa-t-il à <persName key="suzette" type="fictif">Suzette</persName> ? </item> <item>— Pourquoi sa brusquerie ne déplut-elle pas à la jeune fermière ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="morale" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujmor_110"> <head type="sujets">Morale.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qu'est-ce que travailler isolément ? </item> <item>— Exemples.</item> <item>— Qu'est-ce que s'associer pour exéeuter un travail ? </item> <item>— Exemples.</item> <item>— Avantages de l'association.</item> <item>— Parler des sociétés de secours mutuels.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <ab>Travailler isolément, c'est commencer seul et achever seul une tâche quelconque. Un homme qui voudrait faire, sans aide aucune, une maison d'habitation, un outil, travaillerait isolément. La fermière qui fait son pain, allume son four, y met le pain, l'y laisse cuire, le retire, est dans le même cas.</ab> <p>Un travail demande beaucoup plus de temps, lorsqu'il est long et compliqué, si la même personne l'exécute ; il est encore bien plus dispendieux. Aussi y a-t-il longtemps que les hommes se sont associés afin que chacun, exécutant toujours la même tâche, puisse la faire mieux, plus vite et à meilleur compte. Qu'en serait-il, par exemple, si chaque père et mère de famille étaient tenus de bâtir leur maison, de confectionner leurs meubles, leurs outils, les étoffes des vêtements, les chaussures, etc., etc ? ils n'auraient pas un instant pour cultiver le champ et le jardin qui doivent produire la nourriture nécessaire.</p> <p>Qui pourrait d'ailleurs se passer entièrement de l'aide et du secours d'autrui ? Nous en avons besoin dans l'enfance ; nous en avons besoin en tout et toujours. Représentez-vous un homme seul, sans relations avec ses semblables, n'en recevant rien, ne leur rendant rien : ce serait le sauvage au milieu des bois ; ce serait bien moins que le sauvage, car le sauvage vit en famille, en société ; ce serait bien moins que l'animal qui a sa femelle et ses petits dont il prend soin, et qui s'associe souvent encore, soit pour la défense réciproque, soit pour un travail commun, avec des individus de même espèce.</p> <p>A côté de cette association générale qui constitue ce que nous appelons les sociétés humaines ou simplement la société, il existe des associations particulières entre un certain nombre de personnes ; leur objet est de pourvoir aux nécessités qui résultent de l'incapacité de travail, de la maladie, de la vieillesse pour chacun des membres successivement. On les dénomme <term>sociétés de secours mutuels</term>.</p> <p>Elles se constituent en choisissant parmi les membres un président, un bureau, un caissier, un secrétaire. Le bureau, à la tête duquel est le président, vérifie les comptes du caissier auquel tous les membres versent chaque année une somme fixe appelée <term>cotisation</term> ; il examine ensuite les demandes de secours et détermine le montant de la somme à allouer à chacun des solliciteurs. Le secrétaire prend note de toutes les décisions du bureau.</p> <p>Ainsi, chaque membre de l'association est assuré d'avoir toujours le nécessaire, pour lui d'abord, puis pour les siens, s'il tombe malade ou s'il lui devient impossible de travailler, enfin s'il meurt sans laisser de ressources.</p> <p>Parmi ces associations dont l'Etat surveille les opérations, il y a : </p> <p>La <term>société d'assurance</term> contre les accidents, qui garantit à chaque membre une pension de 300 francs dès qu'il sera incapable de travailler ; </p> <p>La <term>Caisse des retraites</term>, institution dont l'objat est de procurer aux <fw type="footer"><fw type="sig">22</fw></fw> <pb type="page" n="390" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_390.jpg"/> <fw>390 SUZETTE.</fw> plus pauvres, par le versement annuel d'une faible somme, une exis tence assurée pour leurs vieux jours (1).</p> <p>Il y a des assurances sur la vie. En versant annuellement une somme de 50 francs à partir de l'âge de 30 ans, la veuve, et à son défaut les enfants, recevra, à la mort de son mari, une somme de 2,000 francs.</p> <p>D'autres associations, qui ordinairement s'établissent entre les ouvriers d'un même corps d'état ou d'une grande usine, ont pour objet l'achat en commun des denrées et des effets d'habillement, lesquels sont vendus aux associés, à peu de chose près, au prix d'achat. Chaque sociétaire verse toutes les semaines une somme fixe, et la réunion des cotisations forme le fonds sur lequel on prélève l'argent nécessaire aux achats. Les bénéfices, tout faibles qu'ils soient, finissent par constituer un capital dont le revenu permet d'acquérir les denrées et autres objets à meilleur marché encore. Une association de ce genre constituée entre les pauvres ouvriers de <placeName key="Rochdale" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q474605">Rochdale</placeName>, en <placeName key="England" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21">Angleterre</placeName>, fait par an, après les plus humbles débuts, un bénéfice d'un demi-million, dont on distribue la moitié aux membres participants. Il en existe de semblables à <placeName key="Roubaix" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q34001">Roubaix</placeName>, à <placeName key="Grenoble" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1289">Grenoble</placeName>, à <placeName key="Vienne" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q26849">Vienne</placeName> (<placeName key="Isère" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12559">Isère</placeName>), et toutes sont très prospères.</p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="industrie" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujind_110"> <head type="sujets">Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Décrire une ruche donner d'abord des détails sur l'extérieur, puis sur ce qu'on voit à l'intérieur.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>(Prendre pour modèle la lecture 111.)</p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="sciences_naturelles" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujnat_110"> <head type="sujets">Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Décrire l'abeille sous ses différents états.</item> <item>— Décrire un rayon de miel.</item> <item>— Forme des alvéoles.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>L'<term>abeille ouvrière</term> est un petit insecte d'une couleur brun roux, ayant deux paires d'ailes et trois paires de pattes dont les postérieures sont garnies de palettes et de brosses pour récolter le pollen des fleurs, dont elle composera son miel. Sa bouche est munie d'une trompe qu'elle applique contre les pétales ; elle en aspire le suc, rentre sa trompe dans sa bouche et dépose son butin dans un conduit d'où il passe dans l'estomac. Un aiguillon lui sert d'arme pour se défendre.</p> <p>La <term>femelle</term> ou <term>reine</term> est une abeille plus grosse que les autres, dont l'unique fonction est de pondre les œufs d'ou naîtront les petites larves qui, convenablement nourries, arriveront à l'état d'abeilles parfaites.</p> <p>Les <term>faux bourdons</term> sont les abeilles mâles ; ils ne vont pas à la recherche du miel ; aussi, dès la ponte des œufs de la reine, ils sont mis à mort. Leur nombre est à peine le dixième de celui des ouvrières.</p> <p>Une ruche compte de 15,000 à 30,000 individus. Les abeilles déposent le miel qu'elles produisent dans de petites constructions de cire, à six faces latérales, appelées <term>alvéoles</term> ; la régularité de ce travail est vraiment extraordinaire. C'est encore dans les aivéoles qu'elles placent les œufs et que grossissent les larves. Leur réunion forme un gâteau.</p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="hygiène" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujhyg_110"> <head type="sujets">Hygiène.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Comment doit-on se vétir, se nourrir, se rafraichir pendant la période des chaleurs ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Pendant la période des chaleurs, il est sage de porter des vêtements légers et plutôt de laine ou de coton que de toile ; amples, de manière que nulle partie du corps ne soit comprimée ; et il faut renouveler fréquemment ceux, qui sont en contact avec la peau, comme les flanelles, les chemises, les bas. Une nourriture confortable est nécessaire, mais elle doit comporter beaucoup de légumes et quelques fruits bien mûrs. Les cerises et les fraises sont très saines.</p> <p>On évitera de boire froid surtoût lorsqu’on sera en transpiration : <fw type="footer">(1) En versant 102 francs par an, et à partir de l'âge de 30 ans, une personne a droit, à l'âge de 60 ans, à une rente annuelle de 600 francs ; après sa mort, sa femme touchera 400 francs de rente, et, après la mort de la femme, les enfants ou autres héritiers recevront encore un capital de 1, 530 francs.</fw> <pb type="page" n="391" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_391.jpg"/> <fw>NOTRE AMIE L'ABEILLE. 391</fw> des fluxions de poitrine, des fièvres malignes et des congestions mortelles résultent d'une telle imprudence : on peut boire frais, et encore, au lieu d'avaler tout de suite, il est prudent de conserver quelques instants le liquide dans la bouche ; il sera alors plus hygiénique et le besoin de la soif exigera moins pour être satisfait.</p> <p>Les boissons qui conviennent le mieux on été sont ; le vin, le thé ou le café étendus d’eau ; l'infusion de réglisse et de gentiane où l'on aura versé un peu d'eau-de-vie est également excellente. Il ne faut abuser ni du lait, ni de la bière, ni de l'eau pure, qui provoquent des sueurs débilitantes.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
108. — Heureuses gens. 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Rembourée,\n matelassé." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624110", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:16:24.110Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624110#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624110#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[9]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Factice. 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Ouverture\n étroite pratiquée dans une muraille fortifiée et par laquelle on tire à couvert\n sur l'ennemi." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624112", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:16:24.112Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:describing", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624112#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?note_annotation_20231024101624112#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[12]/note" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "oa:TextualBody", "dc:format": "text/plain", "rdf:value": "Gogaille. Repas joyeux." }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/"> <![CDATA[{ "@context": { "dcterms:created": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:created" }, "dcterms:issued": { "@type": "xsd:dateTime", "@id": "dcterms:issued" }, "oa:motivatedBy": { "@type": "oa:Motivation" }, "@language": "en", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "as": "http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#", "cwrc": "http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "geo": "http://www.geonames.org/ontology#", "oa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#", "fabio": "https://purl.org/spar/fabio#", "bf": "http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#", "cito": "https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#" }, "id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?place_annotation_20231024101709949", "type": "oa:Annotation", "dcterms:created": "2023-10-24T14:17:09.949Z", "dcterms:modified": "2023-10-24T14:17:09.949Z", "dcterms:creator": { "@id": "11", "@type": [ "cwrc:NaturalPerson", "schema:Person" ], "cwrc:hasName": "Rebecca Heintzelman" }, "oa:motivatedBy": "oa:identifying", "oa:hasTarget": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?place_annotation_20231024101709949#Target", "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "oa:hasSource": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml", "@type": "dctypes:Text", "dc:format": "text/xml" }, "oa:renderedVia": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" }, "oa:hasSelector": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu/sites/default/files/2025-04/suzette_ch108_0_0.xml?place_annotation_20231024101709949#Selector", "@type": "oa:XPathSelector", "rdf:value": "TEI/text/body/div/div/p[11]/figure/caption/placeName" } }, "oa:hasBody": { "@type": "cwrc:RealPlace", "@id": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q90", "dc:format": "text/plain" }, "as:generator": { "@id": "https://leaf.bucknell.edu", "@type": "as:Application", "rdfs:label": "LEAF-Writer", "schema:url": "https://leaf-writer.lincsproject.ca/", "schema:softwareVersion": "3.6.0" } }]]> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch108"> <pb type="page" n="378" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_378.jpg"/> <head>108. — Heureuses gens. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>On entra. Quelle chaleur ! </p> <p>Une température d'étuve* <note type="annotation">Étuve. Lieu clos dont on échauffe plus ou moins la température.</note>, trente degrés centigrades, constatés par un gros thermomètre*<note type="annotation">Thermomètre. Instrument pour indiquer les degrés de chaleur ou de froid.</note> pendu au mur. Au milieu de la pièce, sur une table , plusieurs boîtes. La première, fermée, était munie, sur un côté, d'un petit vitrage derrière lequel se voyaient des œufs de poule , mollement couchés sur de l'ouate. La boîte, la couveuse artificielle, maintenait à la température où ils se trouveraient sous le corps de la poule.</p> <figure> <caption> Couveuse artificielle. </caption> </figure> <p> Les petits sont éclos. En voyez-vous dans la sécheuse, cette cloche, tout à côté, chaufée et douillettement capitonnée*<note type="annotation">Capitonné. Rembourée, matelassé.</note> de duvet ? Et séchez-vous, petits poussins ! </p> <fw type="footer"/><pb type="page" n="379" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_379.jpg"/> <fw>HEUREUSES GENS. 379</fw> <p> Vous voilà secs, et en disposition de quelque chose, hein ? </p> <p>Bon ! autre appareil. Là, des appropriées à la petitesse de votre bec d'enfant ; et aussi du gravier pour votre bonne digestion , et de l'eau ; et la plus étrange, la plus curieuse, la plus belle chose de l'endroit, une mère artificielle ! </p> <figure> <caption>Gaveuse pour engraisser les volailles. </caption> </figure> <p> Cette mère est un abri, en forme de deux ailes soulevées, rembourrés de plumes tièdes et douces. Tout y est, sauf le gloussement affectueux de la maman répondant à vos pépiements légers. </p> <p> Mais les petits sont gens d'estomac plutôt que de sentiment ; ils becquètent, grattent, mangent à plaisir, sans songer aux gloussements absents.</p> <p>Ils grandissent et échangent bientôt leur duvet jaune pour les plumes de l'adolescence. </p> <p>Alors, comme ils eussent déserté l'aile maternelle, ils désertent l'aile factice*<note type="annotation">Factice. Qui imite les choses naturelles.</note>, et on les porte au grand air. </p> <p>Cocorico ! cocorico ! Ah ! se font-ils de la joie et du muscle sur cette jolie pelouse ! </p> <p>Mais, cela fait, on vous reprend les petits messieurs qu'il ne s’agit plus que d'engraisser ; on vous les met en cellule, dans cette tour mobile <figure> <caption>La rôtissoire mécanique. Ce système de mise à la broche pour les volailles est très usité à <placeName key="Paris" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q90">Paris</placeName> et dans les grandes villes ; il fonctionne par la chaleur même du foyer ; , dans son mouvement ascensionnel, fait tourner les aubes du moulin a que l'on aperçoit au-dessus de la cheminée, moulin qui communique le mouvement aux broches par un système d'engrenages fixés à l'axe b. </caption> </figure> <pb type="page" n="380" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_380.jpg"/> <fw>380 SUZETTE.</fw> sur un pivot. La tour se meut. Les cous des captifs s'allongent par une meurtrière*<note type="annotation">Meurtrière. Ouverture étroite pratiquée dans une muraille fortifiée et par laquelle on tire à couvert sur l'ennemi.</note>. Les uns après les autres ils reçoivent, par un tuyau que dirige un employé, la pâtée cuite, mouillée, salée à point. Il faut s'engraisser ou dire pourquoi !</p> <p>La gaveuse est le lieu de bénédiction, c'est la grande et tranquille gogaille*<note type="annotation">Gogaille. Repas joyeux.</note> à l'abri de la fouine, du renard, de la pluie et du soleil.</p> <p>Enfin, nous sommes gavés ! superbes d'embonpoint ! nous sommes d'admirables pelotes de graisse, et nous sortons de la tour hospitalière ! </p> <p>Et où allons-nous, maintenant, ô mes gras, mes insoucieux amis ?...</p> <p>A la broche ! </p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Parlez de la température de la couveuse.</item> <item>— Que voyait-on au milieu de la pièce ? </item> <item>— Qu'y avait-il dans chaque boîte ? </item> <item>— Comment la couveuse agit-elle sur les œufs ? </item> <item>— Que remarquait-on sous la sécheuse ? </item> <item>— Que voyait-on dans un autre appareil ? </item> <item>— Décrivez la mère artificielle. </item> <item>— Que sont les petits poulets et que font-ils ? </item> <item>— Où les porte-t-on quand ils ont grandi ? </item> <item>— Où vont-ils ? </item> <item>— Pourquoi les met-on en cellule ? </item> <item>— Parlez de la tour mobile et de la singulière manière de nourrir les petits poulets. </item> <item>— Qu'est la gaveuse pour ces jeunes oiseaux ? </item> <item>— Et qu'advient-il enfin des poulets ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="sciences_naturelles" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujnat_108"> <head>Sciences naturelles.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>LE THERMOMÈTRE.</item> <item>— L'eau, en s'échauffant, augmente-t-elle ou diminue-t-elle de volume ? </item> <item>— Exemples.</item> <item>— En est-il de même pour les autres liquides ? </item> <item>— Si l'on met de l'esprit-de-vin ou du mercure dans un tube, qu'adviendra-t-il quand ces liquides s'échaufferont ? </item> <item>— Décrire le thermomètre. </item> <item>— Comment est-il gradué ? </item> <item>— Ses usages.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>En s'échauffant, l'eau augmente de volume, et il est facile de le constater en plaçant un vase plein devant un feu vif ; peu de temps après que le <term>liquide</term> a subi l'influence de la chaleur, il déborde. C'est une propriété commune à tous los corps qui sont en cet état à la température ordinaire ; par exemple, au mercure et à l'esprit-de-vin. Si l'on en introduisait dans un tube formé à la partie inférieure, laquelle serait soumise à l'action d'un foyer allumé, ces liquides monteraient rapidement dans le tube en question, preuve évidente de leur dilatation sous l'influence de la chaleur. </p> <p>Cette propriété a été appliquée à la mesure de la température des corps et l'on a imaginé à cet effet un instrument nommé <term>thermomètre</term> . Il se compose d'un tube fin comme un cheveu à l’intérieur, soudé à un réservoir cylindrique de même matière. Le réservoir ainsi qu'une partie de la tige sont remplis de mercure ou d'alcool, et une échelle graduée, tracée sur une règle plate à laquelle le tube est fixé, fait connaître, par l'examen ou le compte des divisions, la dilatation du liquide et, par suite, l'intensité de la chaleur.</p> <p>Le thermomètre compte 100 divisions égales ou degrés entre la température de la glace et celle de l'eau bouillante. Il sert à mesurer <pb type="page" n="381" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_381.jpg"/> <fw>HEUREUSES GENS. 381</fw> la température de l'air, des liquides, du corps des malades, d'une chambre, etc.</p> </div> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>LA DIGESTION. </item> <item>— Comment introduit-on les aliments dans l'estomac ? </item> <item>— Fonction des dents, de la salive, de la langue. </item> <item>— Que se passe-t-il dans l'estomac ? </item> <item>— La bile. </item> <item>— Que deviennent les aliments après leur sortie de l'estomac ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>La digestion est une fonction naturelle des animaux qui a pour objet : 1° de transformer la partie nutritive des substances alimentaires en un liquide propre à se mêler au sang pour nourrir le corps ; — 2° de séparer la partie nutritive des aliments d'avec les parties qui ne possèdent pas cette qualité et qui doivent être rejetées.</p> <p>C'est dans la bouche que se passe le premier acte de la digestion. Les aliments y sont broyés par les dents, opération très importante, parce qu'à mesure qu'ils sont divisés, ils sont humectés de salive, et ce liquide facilite le travail de décomposition dont on va parler. De la bouche, la nourriture, réunie en une masse arrondie, est soulevée par la langue et précipitée dans l'estomac par le canal de l'<term>œsophage</term>.</p> <p>L'<term>estomac</term> est une grande poche membraneuse dont les parois sécrètent un liquide doué de la propriété de réduire les aliments en une substance semi-liquide à laquelle on donne le nom de <term>chyme</term>. </p> <p>Le chyme se rend, par l'ouverture du <term>pylore</term>, dans l'intestin grêle où il se mélange avec la <term>bile</term>, matière verdâtre, de saveur amère, que produit le <term>foie</term>, organe situé à côté de l'estomac. Les parois de l'intestin absorbent une partie du nouveau liquide, lequel entre dans la circulation du sang par des vaisseaux très minces débouchant, d'une part, dans l'intestin grêle et, de l'autre, dans une veine voisine du cœur. Ce qui reste ne peut servir à la nutrition et passe dans le gros intestin. </p> </div> </div> <div cert="high" org="composite" part="Y" sample="initial" type="économie_domestique" xml:space="default" xml:id="sujeco_108"> <head>Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Lorsqu'on digère mal, que doit-on prendre ? </item> <item>— Quels soins faut-il donner aux enfants, en cas d'indigestion ? </item> <item>— Quelles sont les causes qui peuvent amener des indigestions ? </item> <item>— Citez les aliments qui sont le plus indiges-tes pour les enfants. </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Lorsque la digestion se fait difficilement, on conseille de prendre un exercice modéré, tel que la marche dans la chambre, ou mieux au dehors, s'il se peut. Mais au cas où le malaise persisterait, il faudrait boire une infusion de thé bien chaude ou de camomille ; on provoquerait les vomissements, en chatouillant le gosier avec une plume, si la personne n'éprouvait aucun soulagement. Ensuite, il est nécessaire de coucher le malade et de lui faire prendre l'une des infusions citées précédemment.</p> <p>Les causes qui peuvent provoquer des indigestions sont nombreuses : l'excès de nourriture, l'absorption de mets lourds à l'estomac, un exercice trop violent avant ou après le repas. Comme ces indispositions ont souvent un caractère dangereux, les parents tiendront à nourrir de préférence les enfants avec une soupe le matin ; vers onze heures, un œuf à la coque, un peu de viande et des légumes ; à trois heures, légère collation faite à la promenade ou à l'air libre, composée de pain et de fromage, de confitures ou de chocolat ; le soir, ils dîneront avec de la soupe, de la viande, un légume, un fruit ou quelque friandise. Des aliments simples et doux, d'une préparation naturelle, assaisonnés d'un peu de sel, des viandes bien cuites, des repas à des heures réglées, constituent pour eux le régime le plus favorable. </p> <p>Evitons de leur donner des viandes trop cuites et des mets trop épicés, de la chair de porc sans légumes, des aliments très gras, des fruits à demi mûrs ; ils les digéreraient avec difficulté, même dans les meilleures conditions hygiéniques.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
95. — La reine Isabeau. 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ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch095"> <pb type="page" n="328" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_328.jpg"/> <head>95. — La reine Isabeau. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>La preuve en était un peu plus loin dans un magnifique album d'anciennes gravures.</p> <pb type="page" n="329" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_329.jpg"/> <fw>REINE ISABEAU. 329</fw> <p>On vit là des coiffures du quatorzième et du quinzième siècle qui faisaient en extravagance*<note type="annotation">Extravagance. Action qui est contraire au bon sens, à la raison.</note> et en ridicule le vrai pendant du « pouf au sentiment », les hennins, venus, dit-on, des <placeName>Flandres</placeName>. C'étaient des édifices de toile, d'abord si larges que les élégantes ne pouvaient passer dans les embrasures de portes que de côté, comme l'image le montrait. Peu à peu, l'exagération passant de l'horizontal au vertical, les belles dames, pour entrer ou sortir, se mettaient presque à genoux.</p> <figure> <caption> Costume d'<persName ana="française" key="Isabeau of Bavaria" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q154064" role="reine">Isabeau de Bavière</persName> (1371-1435). </caption> </figure> <p>On admira également la haute coiffe en pain de sucre, d'où pendait un voile d'autant plus long que la dame était plus noble. Le voile de la reine <persName ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q154064" key="Isabeau of Bavaria" ana="française" role="reine">Isabeau</persName>, qui importa*<note type="annotation">Importer. Introduire une chose venant d'une contrée étrangère.</note> cette mode de <placeName key="Duchy of Bavaria" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q47261">Bavière</placeName>, traînait à terre.</p> <p>Cette femme du malheureux <persName ana="française" key="Charles VI of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q160349" role="roi">Charles VI</persName> était une fameuse coquette. Ni la touchante maladie de son mari, ni les horreurs de la guerre étrangère, ni les grandes batailles perdues, ni l'envahissement de la <placeName key="Kingdom of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q70972">France</placeName> par l'Anglais, n'abattirent sa passion de fêtes et de toilette.</p> <p>Sa fille <persName ana="française" key="Isabella of Valois" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q229901" role="reine">Isabelle</persName>, mariée à <persName ana="britannique" key="Richard II of England" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q81000" role="roi">Richard II d'Angleterre</persName>, voyait le trône de son mari crouler sous des intrigues*<note type="annotation">Intrigue. Manière secrète d'agir , qu'on emploie pour faire réussir ou manquer une affaire.</note> de famille et sous les révoltes populaires ; <persName ana="française" key="Isabeau of Bavaria" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q154064" role="reine">Isabeau</persName> avait sous les yeux les grandes misères de <placeName key="Kingdom of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q70972">France</placeName>. Et pendant ce temps quel était son grand souci ? D'envoyer à sa fille des poupées — des poupées habillées à la dernière mode parisienne, pour la tenir au courant de l'élégance du jour. Une poupée suivait l'autre ; et ces deux dames étaient ravies ; rien ne les troublait.</p> <p>Le livre parlait aussi des corsets de cette époque. A <pb type="page" n="330" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_330.jpg"/> <fw>330 SUZETTE.</fw> cette <persName ana="française" key="Isabeau of Bavaria" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q154064" role="reine">Isabeau</persName> est attribuée l'introduction en <placeName key="Kingdom of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q70972">France</placeName>, et même l'invention de ce corset si funeste aux jeunes filles. Les demoiselles, en effet, s'imaginant que la beauté de la taille consiste uniquement dans sa finesse, se serrent jusqu'à déformer leurs côtes, entravent ainsi le jeu des poumons et du cœur, et compromettent gravement leur santé.</p> <p>— Eh ! dit la <persName key="mme_richard" type="fictif">tante Richard</persName>, après avoir continué de feuilleter un instant en silencè l'album où elle venait de <figure> <caption>Coiffure, dite le Hennin, portée par les femmes du XIVe au XVe siècle.</caption> </figure> <figure> <caption>Coiffure de l'époque de la Restauration (1815-1830).</caption> </figure> lire ces renseignements, c'est aussi cette même Allemande qui nous apporta, comme en ennemie, un autre engin de torture : l'usage d'emmailloter les enfants dans des bandelettes serrées, ficelées à les garrotter*<note type="annotation">Garrotter. Attacher avec des forts liens.</note>.</p> <p>On imite les grandes dames. Et cette mode barbare dura cinq siècles. Pendant cinq cents ans, les pauvres bébés, au lieu de gigoter joyeusement, moururent ou piaillèrent. C'était leur seul moyen de protestation. Mais on les laissait mourir ou piailler ; les vieilles mamans encourageaient les jeunes par la pensée que ce supplice faisait aux petits patients leur beauté, leurs « droitures », comme on dit encore dans certaines campagnes emmailloteuses.</p> </div> <pb type="page" n="331" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_331.jpg"/> <fw>LA REINE ISABEAU. 331</fw> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Donnez une idée des coiffures du quatorzième et du quinzième siècle.</item> <item>— Quelle coiffure admira-t-on encore ? </item> <item>— Que direz-vous de la coquetterie de la reine <persName ana="française" key="Isabeau of Bavaria" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q154064" role="reine">Isabeau de Bavière</persName> ? </item> <item>— Quel était son souci ainsi que celui de sa fille mariée en <placeName key="England" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21">Angleterre</placeName> ? </item> <item>— A qui attribue-t-on l'invention des corsets ? </item> <item>— En quoi l'usage des corsets est-il nuisible à la santé ? </item> <item>— Quel autre usagé également dangereux est attribué encore à la reine <persName ana="française" key="Isabeau of Bavaria" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q154064" role="reine">Isabeau</persName> ? </item> <item>— Quel inconvénient grave présente l'emmaillotement des enfants ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="morale"> <head>Morale.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Quelles sont les préoccupations d'une jeune fille coquette ? </item> <item>— Que néglige-t-elle pour satisfaire ce travers ? </item> <item>— Que compromet-elle souvent ? </item> <item>— Quelles sont, en général, les personnes les plus ridicules, et pourquoi ? </item> <item>— Faut-il confondre la propreté avec la coquetterie ? Détails à ce sujet.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Une coquette ne songe guère à se rendre utile, ni à être bonne, aimable, serviable pour ses compagnes, ni à faire l'éducation de son caractère et de sa conscience ; elle n'a d'autre pensée que de se parer afin d'éclipser les jeunes filles de son âge et d'attirer les regards sur sa personne. Elle subordonne tout à ce misérable objet : sa santé qu'elle compromet, ses relations qu'elle rend difficiles par ses prétentions, le bonheur qu'elle devrait goûter dans sa famille où elle se rend importune et fatigante par des demandes incessantes d'argent. Peu à peu on se détache d'elle, et celles qu'elle prétendait effacer ne lui ménagent ni les critiques ni les propos malveillants. Une coquette empoisonne sa vie.</p> <p>Il est à remarquer que, dans une réunion, les personnes que l'opinion générale trouve ridicules, sont précisément les coquettes ; dans leur désir exagéré de se distinguer, elles vont toujours au delà de cette simplicité gracieuse qui est le cachet de la vraie distinction ; elles prêtent alors le flanc à des observations dont elles seraient peu flattées si l'écho on parvenait jusqu'à leurs oreilles.</p> <p>La propreté n'a aucun rapport avec la coquetterie, serait-elle excessive. Que les jeunes filles soient donc toujours extrêmmement soigneuses à cet égard, à la condition toutefois qu'elles ne trouveront pas dans une telle recherche le motif de dédaigner les travaux du ménage. Il est à remarquer, à l'appui de ce que nous venons de dire, que les coquettes sont rarement bien propres.</p> </div> </div> <div type="histoire"> <head>Histoire.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Dans quelle circonstance <persName key="Charles VI of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q160349" ana="française" role="roi">Charles VI</persName> perdit-il la raison ? </item> <item>— Que pensez-vous d'<persName ana="française" key="Isabeau of Bavaria" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q154064" role="reine">Isabeau de Bavière</persName> ? Justifiez votre opinion.</item> <item>— Que pensez-vous de sa fille ? </item> <item>— Quelle fut la conduite d'<persName ana="française" key="Isabeau of Bavaria" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q154064" role="reine">Isabeau</persName> envers <persName ana="française" key="Charles VI of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q160349" role="roi">Charles VI</persName>, devenu fou ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p><persName ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3387524" key="Pierre de Craon" ana="française" role="aristocrate">Pierre de Craon</persName>, chassé de la cour de <placeName key="Kingdom of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q70972">France</placeName> par le <persName ana="française" key="Olivier de Clisson" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q727658" role="homme de guerre">connétable de Clisson</persName>, tenta de l'assassiner avec une troupe de brigands (14 juin 1392) Il vint se réfugier ensuite auprès du <persName ana="française" key="John V" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q454013" role="aristocrate">duc de Bretagne</persName>, qui refusa de le livrer au roi. Bien que malade, <persName ana="française" key="Charles VI of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q160349" role="roi">Charles VI </persName>se mit en marche avec une armée au plus fort de l'été de cette même année. Le 5 août 1392, comme il traversait la , un homme sortit des broussailles et, saisissant la bride du cheval du roi, s'écria : « Arrête, noble roi ; tu es trahi !» — Cette apparition troubla le faible monarque, qui, devenu subitement fou, se jeta sur les gens de sa suite. Il resta dans cet état jusqu'à son dernier jour.</p> <p><persName ana="française" key="Isabeau of Bavaria" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q154064" role="reine">Isabeau de Bavière</persName>, comme sa fille <persName key="Isabella of Valois" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q229901" ana="française" role="reine">Isabelle</persName>, épouse de <persName ana="britannique" key="Richard II of England" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q81000" role="roi">Richard II</persName>, roi d'<placeName key="England" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21">Angleterre</placeName>, étaient deux coquettes, c'est-à-dire deux femmes sans cœur. Ni les malheurs ni les périls des royaumes où elles régnaient ne purent les amener à des pensées sérieuses ; après avoir été l'instrument docile des partis, elles moururent toutes deux l'objet du mépris public. </p> <pb type="page" n="332" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_332.jpg"/> <fw>332 SUZETTE.</fw> <p>Lorsque <persName ana="française" key="Charles VI, re di Francia, 1368-1422" ref="http://viaf.org/viaf/444159474048327660914/" role="roi">Charles VI</persName> fut devenu fou, <persName ana="française" key="Isabeau of Bavaria" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q154064" role="reine">Isabeau</persName> s'allia avec les pires ennemis de son fils et de la <placeName key="Kingdom of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q70972">France</placeName> ; elle abandonnait le malheureux roi dans la détresse et le besoin, et pendant ce temps vivait au milieu des plaisirs. En 1421, on la vit signer le honteux <eventName>traité de <placeName key="Troyes" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5489">Troyes</placeName></eventName>, par lequel elle donnait sa fille <persName ana="française" key="Catherine of Valois" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q229192" role="reine">Cathérine</persName> comme épouse au roi <persName ana="britannique" key="Henry V of England" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q131581" role="roi">Henri V d'Angleterre</persName>, avec la succession de la couronne de <placeName key="Kingdom of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q70972">France</placeName>, aù préjudice du dauphin <persName ana="française" key="Charles VII of France" ref="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q133372" role="roi">Charles</persName>.</p> </div> </div> <div type="hygiène"> <head>Hygiène.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qu'est-ce qui nécessite l'emploi du corset pour les enfants de faible constitution ? </item> <item>— Que faut-il éviter plus tard dans l'usage habituel du corset ? </item> <item>— Quelles sont les conséquences fâcheuses de l'abus de se serrer la taille ? </item> <item>— Quels organes intérieurs sont comprimés et ne peuvent fonctionner qu'avec difficulté ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Quelquefois l'usage du corset est nécessaire pour les enfants que leur faible constitution prédispose à une déviation de la colonne vertébrale.</p> <p>On doit conseiller aux jeunes filles d'éviter de se serrer la taille, même modérément, car cette fâcheuse habitude a les plus dangereuses conséquences ; la santé s'en trouve compromise à jamais quand une mort prématurée ne survient point. S'il y a tant de jeunes filles anémiques, atteintes d'affections du foie, de maladies d'estomac ou d'entrailles, il n'en faut pas chercher la cause ailleurs que dans le funeste usage du corset. N'en est-il pas de ces petites coquettes, dont la sottise égale la prétention, qui, à l'insu de leurs parents, conservent leur corset très serré jour et nuit, et qui complètent ce régime homicide on buvant du vinaigre sous le prétexte de maigrir ? Elles se préparent une vie de tortures tout au moins, et leur-teint jaune, leur poitrine rentrée, leurs épaules saillantes ne semblent à personne une compensation pour de tels maux.</p> <p>Il n'en saurait être autrement, puisque les organes les plus nécessaires à la respiration, à la circulation du sang et à la digestion sont comprimés au point de ne plus être en mesure de fonctionner sans une extrême difficulté.</p> </div> </div> <div type="industrie"> <head>Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— LES POUPÉES. </item> <item>— Qu'est-ce qu'une poupée ? </item> <item>— Donner une idée des variétés de poupées. </item> <item>— Quel avantage présente ce jouet ? </item> <item>— Que peuvent apprendre les jeunes filles en jouant à la poupée ? </item> </list> </div> <div> <p>Une <term>poupée</term> est une figure d'enfant faite en carton, en bois, en peau ou en caoutchouc qui sert de jouet aux petites filles. Il y en a de toutes les grandeurs, de toutes les couleurs : les unes sont de grossières ébauches, les autres de charmantes imitations des bébés ; il y en a de nues qu'on doit habiller ; d'autres sont vêtues d’une blouse ou de vêtements simples ; quelques-unes enfin, somptueusement habillées ; mais je ne sais si ces dernières sont celles avec qui l'on joue de meilleur cœur.</p> <p>Le jeu de la poupée a l'avantage de familiariser les petites filles avec les soins qu'exigent les enfants, et elles peuvent apprendre à tailler des vêtements, à les confectionner si elles se chargent de l'habillement de leurs poupées.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
94. — Coiffures. Document <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-model href="http://www.tei-c.org/release/xml/tei/custom/schema/relaxng/tei_all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/CSS/suzette_cwrc.css"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <teiHeader> <fileDesc> <titleStmt> <title type="main">Suzette: a Digital Edition</title> <respStmt> <persName>John Westbrook</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Editor</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Diane Jakacki</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Project Manager</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Annie Girton</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2018-2020</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Sarah Haber</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-2022</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Rebecca Heintzelman</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2020-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Juliya Harnood</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2021-Present</resp> </respStmt> <respStmt> <persName>Jaehoon Pyon</persName> <orgName>Bucknell University</orgName> <resp>Research Assistant and Encoder, 2023-Present</resp> </respStmt> </titleStmt> <publicationStmt> <distributor>Bucknell University</distributor> <pubPlace> <address> <addrLine>One Dent Drive</addrLine> <addrLine>Lewisburg, PA 17837</addrLine> </address> </pubPlace> <availability> <licence>Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</licence> </availability> </publicationStmt> <sourceDesc> <biblStruct> <monogr> <title>Suzette: Livre de Lecture Courante à l’Usage des Jeunes Filles. Morale—Leçon de choses, Economie Domestique – Ménage – Cuisine – Couture</title> <author>Robert Halt</author> <textLang>French</textLang> <imprint> <date>1889</date> <distributor>Libraire Classique Paul Delaplane</distributor> <pubPlace>Paris, France</pubPlace> </imprint> </monogr> </biblStruct> </sourceDesc> </fileDesc> <xenoData><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:as="http://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#" xmlns:cwrc="http://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:geo="http://www.geonames.org/ontology#" xmlns:oa="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#" xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:fabio="https://purl.org/spar/fabio#" xmlns:bf="http://www.openlinksw.com/schemas/bif#" xmlns:cito="https://sparontologies.github.io/cito/current/cito.html#" xmlns:org="http://www.w3.org/ns/org#"/></xenoData><profileDesc> <langUsage> <language ident="fr">French</language> <language ident="en">English</language> </langUsage> </profileDesc> </teiHeader> <text> <body> <div xmlns:ns0="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="chapitre" xml:lang="fr" n="ch094"> <pb type="page" n="325" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_325.jpg"/> <head>94. — Coiffures. </head> <div type="récit"> <p>Aujourd'hui, la moindre villageoise apporte au moins en dot sa demi-douzaine de chemises, trois fois le trousseau qui faisait la gloire d'une reine d'autrefois.</p> <p>Il est vrai qu'avec cette demi-douzaine, elle n'a pas les jupes de brocart, les ceintures d'or ou d'argent, les <fw type="footer">SUZETTE (Maîtresse). <fw type="sig">19</fw></fw> <pb type="page" n="326" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_326.jpg"/> <fw>326 SUZETTE.</fw> aumônières*<note type="annotation">Aumônières. Sorte de bourse qu'on portait autrefois à la ceinture.</note> ornées de pierres précieuses, les broderies des anciennes princesses. Mais ces extravagances ne sont pas précisément aussi indispensables à la vie que la propreté. Et, du reste, à cette heure où tout le monde travaille, des dames ainsi parées seraient bonnes tout au plus à placer dans une niche, avec défense de bouger.</p> <p>Tout à coup M. <persName key="pascal" type="fictif">Pascal</persName>, qui allait en avant à son ordinaire, appela en riant : </p> <p>— Oh ! oh ! oh ! dit-il, le « Pouf au sentiment » ! voyez-moi ça.</p> <p>On regarda. C'était, derrière une vitrine, au premier <figure> <caption> Coiffures du dix-huitième siècle (Louis XVI). 1, coiffure à la Tarare ; — 2, à la Frégate ; — 3, à l'Anglomane ; — 4, à l'Espagnole 5, chapeau Bonnette. </caption> </figure> plan, une sorte de chapeau bizarre, fait de bouillonnés de gaze*<note type="annotation">Gaze. Etoffe de soie fort claire.</note> et de rubans en échafaudage, où se voyaient de petites figurines de cire représentant des personnages, sans compter un petit chien et un oiseau dans sa cage. Singulier chapeau, en effet.</p> <p>Au-dessous, une grande étiquette avec cette rubrique : </p> <p> « Pouf au sentiment. Coiffure de grande dame au dix-huitième siècle. » </p> <p>La <persName key="mme_richard" type="fictif">tante Richard</persName> se souvint d'avoir vu cette sorte de coiffure décrite dans un journal de modes. </p> <pb type="page" n="327" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_327.jpg"/> <fw>COIFFURES. 327 </fw> <p>On l'appelait de ce nom singulier, dit-elle, parce que l'ornementation représentait les images de ceux qu'affectionnait la dame. Par exemple, on vit, en ce temps-là, la <persName type="historique">duchesse de Chartres</persName> arborer sur sa tête les portraits en cire de son fils, de la nourrice de ce fils, de son nègre et de son perroquet.</p> <p>Sous ces coiffures démesurées*<note type="annotation">Démesurées. D'une grandeur extraordinaire.</note>, les femmes avaient la tête au milieu du corps. C'était d'un effet criant et qui fit crier. Mais grâce à la folie, à la frivolité*<note type="annotation">Frivolité. Goût des choses qui n'ont pas d'importance.</note> vaniteuse, c'est la mode qui mène le goût et non le goût qui mène la mode. Et il y a longtemps que cela dure.</p> </div> <div type="questionnaire"> <head>Questionnaire.</head> <list> <item>— Quelles réflexions fait-on en comparant le trousseau d'une jeune fille de notre époque et celui des reines du moyen âge ? </item> <item>— À quel sujet <persName key="pascal" type="fictif">Pascal</persName> appela-t-il sa mère et sa cousine ? </item> <item>— Que voyait-on dans la vitrine ? </item> <item>— D'où venait le nom bizarre de « pouf au sentiment » ? </item> <item>— Quel assemblage bizarre présentait, au siècle dernier, le chapeau de la <persName type="historique">duchesse de Chartres</persName> ? </item> <item>— Quel effet singulier produisaient les femmes avec leurs coiffures bizarres ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="exercices"> <head>DÉVELOPPEMENT DES SUJETS PROPOSÉS POUR EXERCICES.</head> <div type="morale"> <head>Morale.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qu'entend-on par mode ? </item> <item>— Que sont souvent les modes ? </item> <item>— Justifiez ce proverbe : « Ce sont les fous qui inventent les modes et les sages qui les suivent. » </item> <item>— Quelle doit être la conduite d'une jeune fille raisonnable en ce qui concerne les modes ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>La <term>mode</term> est l'usage passager qui règle la manière de se vêtir. Elle s'occupe de toutes les parties du vêtement ; d'où il suit qu'on la désigne encore par le mot pluriel ; <term>les modes</term>.</p> <p>Souvent les modes ne sont que des inventions bizarres et ridicules imaginées par des femmes peu estimables ou vaniteuses pour se distinguer des autres. Au lieu d'en faire le peu de cas qu'elles méritent, on voit les personnes les plus réfléchies les adopter, qu'elles conviennent ou non à leur âge, à leur situation, quitte à y renoncer bientôt. C'est dans ce cas que l'on peut dire avec le proverbe : « Ce sont les fous qui inventent les modes, et les sages qui les suivent. » </p> <p>Une jeune fille raisonnable se conforme à la mode dans tout ce qui peut convenir à son âge et à sa position de fortune ; elle la suit de loin, pour ainsi dire, et dans ses lignes générales ; de la sorte, elle n'est pas exposée à des renouvellements dispendieux de toilette, ni à contracter des habitudes de luxe qui amèneraient promptement la ruine dans son intérieur quand elle aurait quitté la maison paternelle.</p> </div> </div> <div type="hygiène"> <head>Hygiène.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Objet des coiffures.</item> <item>— Citez diverses sortes de coiffures.</item> <item>— Quelles coiffures conviennent en hiver, en été ; — à la ville, à la campagne ? </item> <item>— Quand une coiffure est-elle ridicule ? </item> <item>— Quelles coiffures sont préférables pour les tout jeunes enfants ? </item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>L'objet des <term>coiffures</term> est de préserver la tête de l'action directe de la chaleur du soleil et de l'influence fâcheuse d'une température froide et humide. Il est donc inutile d'en porter dans l'intérieur des habitations ; il est bon aussi de s'accoutumer à ne pas se couvrir la tête pendant la nuit ou de n'adopter qu'une coiffure d'un tissu fort léger, une résille même.</p> <p>En hiver, la tête doit être préservée des atteintes du froid lorsqu’on <pb n="328" facs="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/BucknellDSC/suzette/master/images/page_images/Suzette_328.jpg"/> <fw>328 SUZETTE.</fw> circule au dehors et lorsqu’on voyage ; les capelines remplissent parfaitement cet objet pour les jeunes filles, tandis que les chapeaux qui leur laissent à découvert la nuque et les oreilles les exposent à des rhumes graves. En été, les chapeaux de paille à larges bords sont d'un excellent usage.</p> <p>A la ville, il est sans inconvénient de porter des coiffures plus légères que celles employées à la campagne, où se fait sentir plus violemment l'influence des changements de température.</p> <p>Parmi les coiffures, on regarde comme ridicules celles qui sont surchargées d'ornements, de fleurs, de rubans ; celles encore dont la couleur éclate aux yeux et souvent ne convient ni à l'âge, ni à la chevelure, ni au teint de celles qui l'adoptent. Les chapeaux, les bonnets sont de bon goût, alors toutefois qu'on sait leur donner une forme gracieuse et qu'on les orne avec une sobriété discrète.</p> <p>On a maintenant l'habitude de surcharger les jeunes enfants d'énormes coiffures qui fatiguent la tête et font disparaître, sous leur masse, le pauvre petit être. Les seules convenables à cet âge sont celles qui, par leur commodité et leur légèreté, ne froissent aucun organe et permettent la libre circulation de l'air.</p> </div> </div> <div type="industrie"> <head>Industrie.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Décrire un bonnet ; parlez des bonnets qui sont en usage dans les diverses parties de la <placeName>France</placeName>.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>(Il convient de mettre d'abord un bonnet du pays sous les yeux des élèves et de le leur faire examiner dans toutes ses parties qu'on nommera successivement. Ensuite on leur présentera l'image des bonnets en usage dans les diverses provinces : <placeName>Normandie</placeName>, <placeName>Bretagne</placeName>, <placeName>Poitou</placeName>, <placeName>Bourbonnais</placeName>, <placeName>Limousin</placeName>, <placeName>Bourgogne</placeName>, <placeName>Provence</placeName>, etc., etc. A cette condition seule, les enfants pourront répondre.)</p> </div> </div> <div type="économie_domestique"> <head>Économie domestique.</head> <div type="questions"> <list> <item>— Qui doit réparer une coiffure de jeune fille et souvent la confectionner ou l'orner ? </item> <item>— Pourquoi ? </item> <item>— Aperçu du prix de quelques coiffures ; remarques qu'il vous suggère.</item> <item>— Établissez le compte de vos frais de coiffure depuis un an ; — de ceux de votre frère ou d'un jeune parent de votre âge.</item> </list> </div> <div type="réponses"> <p>Celle qui doit réparer une coiffure de jeune fille et la confectionner le plus souvent possible, c'est elle-même ; actuellement, le prix des chapeaux est si exagéré que ce n'est point un médiocre avantage de posséder ce talent. Quand on pense qu'un chapeau fort simple, pour peu qu'il soit de bonne qualité, coûte 15 et 20 francs, à une ouvrière qui souvent ne gagne pas 1 fr. 50 par jour, on est convaincu qu'elle doit le faire ou, au moins, le réparer elle-même. Autrement, il lui faut sacrifier le nécessaire, comme certaines coquettes qui préfèrent manger du pain sec et boire de l'eau afin de pouvoir briller par leur toilette. De toutes les folies, il n'en est pas de plus stupide ni de plus nuisible à la santé.</p> <lg> <l>Relevé des coiffures achetées ou réparées pour le compte </l> <l>de Mlle <persName type="fictif">EMMA DELILLE</persName></l> <l>Une paille de chapeau d'été..........</l> <l>3m,50 de ruban à 0 fr. 75................ </l> <l>Etc., etc.....</l> <l>TOTAL..... </l> </lg> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </text> </TEI>
